CN106556536B - A kind of rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig that can be used in new triaxial test equipment - Google Patents

A kind of rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig that can be used in new triaxial test equipment Download PDF

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CN106556536B
CN106556536B CN201611020851.8A CN201611020851A CN106556536B CN 106556536 B CN106556536 B CN 106556536B CN 201611020851 A CN201611020851 A CN 201611020851A CN 106556536 B CN106556536 B CN 106556536B
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head
column
crossbeam
pull head
support column
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CN106556536A (en
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黄达
朱谭谭
岑夺丰
曾彬
陈福勇
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Hebei University of Technology
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Chongqing University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017Tensile
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019Compressive

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

Invention provides the rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig and its application method that one kind can use in new triaxial test equipment.The device includes frame I, frame II, connecting plate, pull head I, pull head II and bottom plate.Frame II is vertically movable, while converting testing machine vertical pressure to the vertical tensile stress of sample.During test, wrapped up by sample and pull head using strength glue and using heat-shrink tube.Then apply confining pressure and vertical tension, sample closes pilot system after destroying immediately.Sample confining pressure is provided by testing machine confining pressure loading system, and vertical tension is provided by the vertical loading system of testing machine.The device to test result is accurate, experimentation cost is low, and the rock tension test being able to carry out under any confining pressure effect has broad application prospects.

Description

A kind of rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig that can be used in new triaxial test equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates to the present invention relates to rock-soil mechanics fields more particularly to one kind to use in new triaxial test equipment Rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig.
Background technique
Under natural conditions, rock mass is typically in three axis Compression Stability states, and when earthquake generation, the propagation of shear wave and longitudinal wave Tensile stress can be generated in rock mass.Especially in earth's surface rock mass, such as steep side slope, danger stone etc., since gravity stress of rock mass is smaller, The stretcher strain that strong earthquakes wave generates can cause to generate inside it along a direction much larger than its compressive deformation when original stable Biggish tensile stress, other directions are still in pressured state.Tension and compression stress rupture is also easy to produce under seismic loading at this time.Rock Significant difference is had under the conditions of the features such as intensity, deformation, crack propagation of the body under tension and compression stress and triaxial compressions.Therefore The research of mechanical properties of rock all has weight to the following slope stability of earthquake load and preventing land slide under triaxial tension and compression stress Want meaning.
It is relatively fewer to the experimental study of mechanical properties of rock under triaxial tension and compression stress at present, it is primarily due to existing test Technology is difficult to realize tensile stress and the independent of compression applies, and there are mainly two types of the methods for carrying out triaxial tension and compression test now: 1, Using " dog bone " type sample, sample is in highly pressurised liquid environment, and highly pressurised liquid provides lateral pressure and vertical tension simultaneously;2, it seals Injection highly pressurised liquid in space is closed, highly pressurised liquid applies lateral pressure, while giving pull head pressure, upper push-down head up and down and vertically moving It is dynamic that stretching action is generated to sample.However, both methods is all using highly pressurised liquid while to provide lateral pressure and vertical drawing Power, two kinds of power can not independently apply, and in other words, two methods cannot test the rock tension and compression under any lateral pressure effect Matter.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple structure, test result is accurate, is able to carry out any lower rock of confining pressure effect The device and its application method of stone tension test, to solve independently apply lateral pressure and vertical tension in the prior art Problem.
To realize the present invention purpose and the technical solution adopted is that such, one kind can use in new triaxial test equipment Rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig, including frame I, frame II, connecting plate, pull head I, pull head II and bottom plate.
The frame I includes crossbeam I, support column I and support column II.The crossbeam I is connected to support column I and support column II Between.The crossbeam I, support column I and support column II surround I S of semi-surrounding space.The crossbeam I, support column I and support column II For an entirety.
There is countersunk head through-hole I on I top surface of crossbeam.
The rectangular opening I through its top bottom surface is provided on the support column I.It is removed on the bottom surface of the support column I one long Cube A forms notch I.The notch I is connected to a side of rectangular opening I and support column I.The one outlet of the notch I exists In I S of semi-surrounding space.The bottom surface of the support column I also has several threaded holes I.
The rectangular opening II through its top bottom surface is provided on the support column II.One is removed on the bottom surface of the support column II Cuboid B forms notch II.The notch II is connected to a side of rectangular opening II and support column II.One of the notch II Outlet is in I S of semi-surrounding space.The bottom surface of the support column II also has several threaded holes II.
The frame II includes crossbeam II, column I and column II.The crossbeam II is connected between column I and column II. The crossbeam II, column I and column II surround II S of semi-surrounding space.The crossbeam II, column I and column II are an entirety.
There is countersunk head through-hole II on II bottom surface of crossbeam.
There are several threaded holes III on the top surface of the column I.
There are several threaded holes IV on the top surface of the column II.
The connection board ends are ridden upon respectively on the top surface of column I and column II.Have in the plate face of the connecting plate Several countersunk head through-holes III.There is hexagon socket head cap screw in these countersunk head through-holes III.These hexagon socket head cap screws pass through countersunk head through-hole III It screws in threaded hole III or threaded hole IV afterwards, connecting plate is fixedly connected with frame II.The upper face of the connecting plate also has Ball array.
The frame I, frame II and connecting plate constitute sub-assembly.In the sub-assembly, crossbeam I is located at the upper of crossbeam II Side, connecting plate are located at the top of crossbeam I.The column I is inserted into rectangular opening I.The column II is inserted into rectangular opening II.It is described The both ends of crossbeam II are respectively embedded into notch I and notch II.I S of semi-surrounding space and II S of semi-surrounding space are combined into space S.The frame II can vertical motion.
The pull head I is rigid cylinder.The upper surface of the pull head I has threaded hole V.The pull head II is rigidity Cylindrical body.The lower surface of the pull head II has threaded hole VI.
Sample is the cylindrical body being placed in space S.The lower surface of pull head I is pasted in the upper surface of this cylindrical body, under The upper surface of surface mount pull head II.
The pull head I is connect by hexagon socket head cap screw with crossbeam I, after these hexagon socket head cap screws pass through countersunk head through-hole I, is screwed in In threaded hole V.The pull head II is connect by hexagon socket head cap screw with crossbeam II, these hexagon socket head cap screws pass through countersunk head through-hole II Afterwards, it screws in threaded hole VI.
There are several countersunk head through-holes IV in the plate face of the bottom plate.There is hexagon socket head cap screw in the countersunk head through-hole IV. These hexagon socket head cap screws screw in threaded hole I or threaded hole II after passing through countersunk head through-hole IV, secure a base plate to I lower section of frame.
The sub-assembly is placed in pressure chamber.The pressure chamber is the hydraulic pressure chamber of three-axis tester.The sub-assembly it is upper Side and lower section are contacted with testing machine loading head I and testing machine loading head II respectively.
The lower end of the testing machine loading head I acts on connecting plate.Shelve bottom plate in the upper end of the testing machine loading head II.
When test, frame II is moved downward, and pull head II is driven to move downward.
Invention additionally discloses a kind of about the above-mentioned rock triaxial tension and compression test dress that can be used in new triaxial test equipment The application method set, comprising the following steps:
1) by pull head I and pull head II and sample centering.Sample upper and lower surface pastes pull head I and pull head using seccotine respectively II, form assembly.
2) after seccotine solidifies completely, the assembly is wrapped up using heat-shrink tube.Heat-shrink tube is heated using air-heater.Heat After shrinkage tube shrinks, it is attached at assembly surface.
3) assembly is placed in space S.Pull head I is connect with crossbeam I by hexagon socket head cap screw, pull head II and crossbeam II Connection.
4) sub-assembly is placed in pressure chamber, confining pressure is loaded to setting value using testing machine confining pressure loading system.
5) vertical load is applied by testing machine loading head I and testing machine loading head II, until sample destroys.Sample destroys Close testing machine loading system immediately afterwards.
Further, the diameter of the pull head I and pull head II is identical as specimen finish.
The solution have the advantages that unquestionable:
A. simple structure, reliable performance;
B. testing machine vertical pressure is switched to the tensile stress of rock sample by Frame Design, easy to operate, easily controllable;
C. apparatus of the present invention can use in existing new triaxial test equipment, be equipped with pilot system without special, substantially drop It ensure that the accurate of test result while low experimentation cost;
D. the present invention can carry out the rock sample tension test under any confining pressure effect, and axial tension and confining pressure are mutually only It is vertical.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is test load schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is I structural schematic diagram of frame;
Fig. 3 is I sectional view of frame;
Fig. 4 is I bottom view of frame;
Fig. 5 is II structural schematic diagram of frame;
Fig. 6 is connecting plate top view;
Fig. 7 is assembling unit structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is I structural schematic diagram of pull head;
Fig. 9 is II bottom view of pull head;
Figure 10 is backing plate bottom view.
In figure: I S1 of semi-surrounding space, II S2 of semi-surrounding space, space S, frame I 1, crossbeam I 101, countersunk head through-hole I 1011, support column I 102, rectangular opening I 1021, notch I 1022, threaded hole I 1023, support column II 103, rectangular opening II 1031, lack Mouthfuls II 1032, threaded hole II 1033, frame II 2, crossbeam II 201, countersunk head through-hole II 2011, column I 202, threaded hole III 2021, Column II 203, threaded hole IV 2031, connecting plate 3, ball array I 301, countersunk head through-hole III 302, pull head I 4, threaded hole V 401, Pull head II 40, threaded hole VI 4001, bottom plate 5, countersunk head through-hole IV 501, sample 6, testing machine loading head I 7, testing machine loading head II 70, pressure chamber 8, heat-shrink tube 9.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used With means, various replacements and change are made, should all include within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment discloses a kind of rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig that can be used in new triaxial test equipment, including frame Frame I 1, frame II 2, connecting plate 3, pull head I 4, pull head II 40 and bottom plate 5.
Referring to fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the frame I 1 include crossbeam I 101, support column I 102 and support column II 103.It is described Crossbeam I 101 is connected between support column I 102 and support column II 103, and three upper surface is concordant.The crossbeam I 101, support column I 102 and support column II 103 surround I S1 of semi-surrounding space.The crossbeam I 101, support column I 102 and support column II 103 are one It is whole.
There is countersunk head through-hole I 1011 on I 101 top surface of crossbeam.There is interior hexagonal spiral shell in the countersunk head through-hole I 1011 Bolt.
The rectangular opening I 1021 through its top bottom surface is provided on the support column I 102.On the bottom surface of the support column I 102 It removes a cuboid A and forms notch I 1022.The notch I 1022 is connected to a side of rectangular opening I 1021 and support column I 102 Face.The one outlet of the notch I 1022 is in I S1 of semi-surrounding space.The bottom surface of the support column I 102 also has several Threaded hole I 1023.
The rectangular opening II 1031 through its top bottom surface is provided on the support column II 103.The bottom surface of the support column II 103 Upper one cuboid B of removal forms notch II 1032.The notch II 1032 is connected to rectangular opening II 1031 and support column II 103 One side.The one outlet of the notch II 1032 is in I S1 of semi-surrounding space.The bottom surface of the support column II 103 also has There are several threaded holes II 1033.
Referring to Fig. 5, the frame II 2 includes crossbeam II 201, column I 202 and column II 203.The crossbeam II 201 connects It connects between column I 202 and column II 203, three bottom surface is concordant.The crossbeam II 201, column I 202 and column II 203 close Enclose II S2 of semi-surrounding space.The crossbeam II 201, column I 202 and column II 203 are an entirety.
There is countersunk head through-hole II 2011 on II 201 bottom surface of crossbeam.There is interior hexagonal in the countersunk head through-hole II 2011 Bolt.
There are several threaded holes III 2021 on the top surface of the column I 202.
There are several threaded holes IV 2031 on the top surface of the column II 203.
Referring to Fig. 6,3 both ends of connecting plate are ridden upon respectively on the top surface of column I 202 and column II 203.The connection Plate 3 and frame II 2 constitute hollow.There are several countersunk head through-holes III 302 in the plate face of the connecting plate 3.These countersunk heads are logical There is hexagon socket head cap screw in hole III 302.The hexagon socket head cap screw screws in threaded hole III 2021 or spiral shell after passing through countersunk head through-hole III 302 In pit IV 2031, connecting plate 3 is fixedly connected with frame II 2.The upper face of the connecting plate 3 also has ball array 301. Ball in the ball array 301 is free to rotate.
Referring to Fig. 7, the frame I 1, frame II 2 and connecting plate 3 constitute sub-assembly.In the sub-assembly, I 101, crossbeam In the top of crossbeam II 201, connecting plate 3 is located at the top of crossbeam I 101.The column I 202 is inserted into rectangular opening I 1021.Institute Column II 203 is stated to be inserted into rectangular opening II 1031.The both ends of the crossbeam II 201 are respectively embedded into notch I 1022 and notch II In 1032.I S1 of semi-surrounding space and II S2 of semi-surrounding space are combined into space S.The sectional dimension of the column I 202 with The sectional dimension of rectangular opening I 1021 matches, the sectional dimension and the sectional dimension phase of rectangular opening II 1031 of column II 203 Match.The sectional dimension of the rectangular opening I 1021 is identical as the sectional dimension of rectangular opening II 1031.The frame II 2 can be transported vertically It is dynamic.
Referring to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the pull head I 4 is rigid cylinder.The upper surface of the pull head I 4 has threaded hole V 401.The pull head II 40 is rigid cylinder.The lower surface of the pull head II 40 has threaded hole VI 4001.
Sample 6 is the cylindrical body being placed in space S.The lower surface of pull head I 4 is pasted in the upper surface of this cylindrical body, The upper surface of lower surface stickup pull head II 40.
Referring to Fig. 1, the pull head I 4 is connect by hexagon socket head cap screw with crossbeam I 101, these hexagon socket head cap screws pass through countersunk head After through-hole I 1011, screw in threaded hole V 401.The pull head II 40 is connect by hexagon socket head cap screw with crossbeam II 201, these After hexagon socket head cap screw passes through countersunk head through-hole II 2011, screw in threaded hole VI 4001.
Referring to Figure 10, there are several countersunk head through-holes IV 501 in the plate face of the bottom plate 5.In these countersunk head through-holes IV 501 With hexagon socket head cap screw.The hexagon socket head cap screw screws in threaded hole I 1016 or threaded hole II 1026 after passing through countersunk head through-hole IV 501 In, bottom plate 5 is fixed on I 1 lower section of frame.
Referring to Fig. 1, the sub-assembly is placed in pressure chamber 8.The pressure chamber 8 is the hydraulic pressure chamber of three-axis tester.It is described Highly pressurised liquid is full of in pressure chamber 8.Highly pressurised liquid provides lateral pressure.Above and below the sub-assembly respectively with testing machine Loading head I 7 and testing machine loading head II 70 contact.
The lower end of the testing machine loading head I 7 acts on connecting plate 3.It shelves the upper end of the testing machine loading head II 70 Bottom plate 5.
When being tested, frame II 2 is moved downward.Crossbeam II 201 drives pull head II 40 to move downward.Crossbeam II 201 Apply downward power to pull head II 40, I 101 pairs of pull heads I 4 of crossbeam apply upward power.In turn, I 4 pairs of samples 6 of pull head generate to On pulling force, II 40 pairs of samples 6 of pull head generate downward pulling force.In this way, just by testing machine loading head I 7 and testing machine loading head The pressure that II 70 pairs of frames I and frame II 2 apply is converted into the pulling force of II 40 pairs of samples 6 of pull head I 4 and pull head application.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment discloses a kind of rock triaxial tension and compression that can be used in new triaxial test equipment described in embodiment 1 The application method of experimental rig, comprising the following steps:
1) by pull head I 4 and pull head II 40 and 6 centering of sample.6 upper and lower surface of sample pastes pull head I 4 using seccotine respectively With pull head II 40, assembly is formed.Wherein, the diameter of the pull head I 4 and pull head II 40 is identical as 6 diameter of sample.
2) after seccotine solidifies completely, the assembly is wrapped up using heat-shrink tube 9.Heat-shrink tube 9 is heated using air-heater. After heat-shrink tube 9 is shunk, it is attached at assembly surface.
3) assembly is placed in space S.Pull head I 4 is connect with crossbeam I 101 by hexagon socket head cap screw, pull head II 40 with Crossbeam II 201 connects.
4) sub-assembly is placed in pressure chamber 8, confining pressure is loaded to setting value using testing machine confining pressure loading system.
5) vertical load is applied by testing machine loading head I 7 and testing machine loading head II 70, frame II 2 moves downward band Dynamic I 4 vertical motion of pull head, to apply pulling force to sample 6, until sample 6 destroys.Sample 6 closes testing machine after destroying immediately Loading system.

Claims (3)

1. the rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig that one kind can use in new triaxial test equipment, which is characterized in that including frame I (1), frame II (2), connecting plate (3), pull head I (4), pull head II (40) and bottom plate (5);
The frame I (1) includes crossbeam I (101), support column I (102) and support column II (103);Crossbeam I (101) connection Between support column I (102) and support column II (103);The crossbeam I (101), support column I (102) and support column II (103) Surround semi-surrounding space I (S1);The crossbeam I (101), support column I (102) and support column II (103) are an entirety;
There is countersunk head through-hole I (1011) on crossbeam I (101) top surface;
The rectangular opening I (1021) through its top bottom surface is provided on the support column I (102);The bottom surface of the support column I (102) Upper one cuboid (A) of removal forms notch I (1022);Notch I (1022) connection rectangular opening I (1021) and support column I (102) a side;The one outlet of the notch I (1022) is in semi-surrounding space I (S1);The support column I (102) Bottom surface also there is several threaded holes I (1023);
The rectangular opening II (1031) through its top bottom surface is provided on the support column II (103);The bottom of the support column II (103) A cuboid (B) is removed on face forms notch II (1032);Notch II (1032) connection rectangular opening II (1031) and branch One side of dagger II (103);The one outlet of the notch II (1032) is in semi-surrounding space I (S1);The support The bottom surface of column II (103) also has several threaded holes II (1033);
The frame II (2) includes crossbeam II (201), column I (202) and column II (203);Crossbeam II (201) connection Between column I (202) and column II (203);The crossbeam II (201), column I (202) and column II (203) surround Ban Bao Confining space II (S2);The crossbeam II (201), column I (202) and column II (203) are an entirety;
There is countersunk head through-hole II (2011) on crossbeam II (201) bottom surface;
There are several threaded holes III (2021) on the top surface of the column I (202);
There are several threaded holes IV (2031) on the top surface of the column II (203);
Connecting plate (3) both ends are ridden upon respectively on the top surface of column I (202) and column II (203);The connecting plate (3) Plate face on have several countersunk head through-holes III (302);There is hexagon socket head cap screw in these countersunk head through-holes III (302);In these Hex bolts passes through countersunk head through-hole III (302) and screws in threaded hole III (2021) or threaded hole IV (2031) afterwards, by connecting plate (3) It is fixedly connected with frame II (2);The upper face of the connecting plate (3) also has ball array (301);
The frame I (1), frame II (2) and connecting plate (3) constitute sub-assembly;In the sub-assembly, crossbeam I (101) is located at cross The top of beam II (201), connecting plate (3) are located at the top of crossbeam I (101);The column I (202) is inserted into rectangular opening I (1021) In;In column II (203) insertion rectangular opening II (1031);The both ends of the crossbeam II (201) are respectively embedded into notch I (1022) and in notch II (1032);The semi-surrounding space I (S1) and semi-surrounding space II (S2) are combined into space (S);Institute Stating frame II (2) can vertical motion;
The pull head I (4) is rigid cylinder;The upper surface of the pull head I (4) has threaded hole V (401);The pull head II It (40) is rigid cylinder;The lower surface of the pull head II (40) has threaded hole VI (4001);
Sample (6) is the cylindrical body being placed in space (S);Paste the following table of pull head I (4) in the upper surface of this cylindrical body The upper surface of pull head II (40) is pasted in face, lower surface;
The pull head I (4) is connect by hexagon socket head cap screw with crossbeam I (101), these hexagon socket head cap screws pass through countersunk head through-hole I (1011) it after, screws in threaded hole V (401);The pull head II (40) is connect by hexagon socket head cap screw with crossbeam II (201), this After a little hexagon socket head cap screws pass through countersunk head through-hole II (2011), screw in threaded hole VI (4001);
There are several countersunk head through-holes IV (501) in the plate face of the bottom plate (5);Have in the countersunk head through-hole IV (501) interior Hex bolts;These hexagon socket head cap screws pass through countersunk head through-hole IV (501) and screw in threaded hole I (1016) or threaded hole II (1026) afterwards In, bottom plate (5) is fixed below frame I (1);
The sub-assembly is placed in pressure chamber (8);The pressure chamber (8) is the hydraulic pressure chamber of three-axis tester;The sub-assembly Above and below contacted respectively with testing machine loading head I (7) and testing machine loading head II (70);
The lower end of the testing machine loading head I (7) acts on connecting plate (3);It puts the upper end of the testing machine loading head II (70) Bottom set plate (5);
When test, frame II (2) is moved downward, and pull head II (40) is driven to move downward.
2. a kind of make about the rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig that can be used in new triaxial test equipment described in claim 1 With method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
1) by pull head I (4) and pull head II (40) and sample (6) centering;Sample (6) upper and lower surface pastes drawing using seccotine respectively First I (4) and pull head II (40) form assembly;
2) after seccotine solidifies completely, the assembly is wrapped up using heat-shrink tube (9);Heat-shrink tube (9) are heated using air-heater; After heat-shrink tube (9) is shunk, it is attached at assembly surface;
3) assembly is placed in space (S);Pull head I (4) is connect with crossbeam I (101) by hexagon socket head cap screw, pull head II (40) it is connect with crossbeam II (201);
4) sub-assembly is placed in pressure chamber (8), confining pressure is loaded to setting value using testing machine confining pressure loading system;
5) vertical load is applied by testing machine loading head I (7) and testing machine loading head II (70), until sample (6) are destroyed;Examination Sample (6) closes testing machine loading system after destroying immediately.
3. the rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig that one kind according to claim 2 can use in new triaxial test equipment Application method, it is characterised in that: the diameter of the pull head I (4) and pull head II (40) is identical as sample (6) diameter.
CN201611020851.8A 2016-11-14 2016-11-14 A kind of rock triaxial tension and compression experimental rig that can be used in new triaxial test equipment Active CN106556536B (en)

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