CN106530180A - High-cold region charging service network planning method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-cold region charging service network planning method and relates to a high-cold region charging service network planning method, for solving the problems of lack of consideration of influences exerted by a high-cold region on charging service, equipment idleness or equipment short supply in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: 1, analyzing quantities of electric vehicles and charging stations; 2, analyzing power consumption of the electric vehicles; and 3, according to the first step and the second step, planning the electric vehicle charging stations: (3.1), planning bus special-purpose charging stations; (3.2), planning environmental sanitation and logistics charging stations; and (3.3), planning taxi and private car charging stations. According to the invention, based on the reality, driving habits of different types of vehicles are fully summarized, the overall scheme is enabled to be closer to actual application conditions, and the method is applied to the field of charging service.

Description

A kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method

Technical field

The present invention relates to extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method.

Background technology

At present, under the dual-pressure of energy crisis and energy-saving and emission-reduction, China begins to pay attention to opening for electric automobile very early Work is sent out, the Department of Science and Technology proposes the embodiment that China develops new-energy automobile, electric automobile key special subjects in Tenth Five-Year Plan Period It is one of 12 major scientific and technological projects that emphasis is organized and implemented.In the project, China organizes enterprise, colleges and universities and scientific research institution, with Official, the mode of industries, universities and research institutors' quaternity, research cooperation are established with fuel cell car, hybrid vehicle and pure electronic Automobile is " three indulge ", with Multi-energy powertrain, motor and power accumulator Key Common Technologies for " three is horizontal " " three is vertical Three is horizontal " electric vehicle development layout.Such as gas station's service network of orthodox car, electric automobile charging and conversion electric service network is One of important foundation of Development of Electric Vehicles, at present, in order to promote the development of electric automobile, including national grid, CNPC, The enterprises such as Sinopec all establishing various electric automobile electric charging stations, but as the recoverable amount of electric automobile is few and exists Many uncertain factors, electric automobile charging and conversion electric service network future be greatly develop, optimum development or limit send out Exhibition is also difficult to determine.

The content of the invention

The present invention is not account for impact and the idleness of equipment of the extremely frigid zones to charging service to solve prior art Or the problem that supply falls short of demand, and a kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method for proposing.

A kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method is realized according to the following steps：

Step one：Carry out electric motor car and charging station quantitative analysises；

Step 2：Carry out electric automobile power consumption analysis；

Step 3：Electric automobile charging station planning is carried out according to step one and step 2；

Step 3 one：Carry out the planning of public transport special charging station；

Step 3 two：Carry out the planning of environmental sanitation and logistics charging station；

Step 3 three：Carry out the planning of taxi and private car charging station.

Invention effect：

What is used in many research calculating process is actual automobile pollution, but in actual use, for The shorter user of daily operating range, and once electricity need not be filled daily, user big for distance travelled in the same manner charges daily Number of times is more than once.If using automobile pollution calculate area charger construction plan, it will occur the idleness of equipment or Person's phenomenon that supply falls short of demand, has larger gap with actual demand.The present invention proceeds from the reality, and fully summarizes variety classes vehicle Driving habits, make overall plan be more nearly actually used situation.The present invention considers the convenience that user charges simultaneously, this In programme, between each charging station, distance is as far as possible average, it is contemplated that the population density in region, sowntown development degree, leads to The capacity for overregulating each charging station is coordinated.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is charging station planning flow chart；

Fig. 2 is each observation station assignment graph of selected areas, and in figure, numeral is dependency coefficient；

Fig. 3 is zoning plan；

Fig. 4 is to fill expense soon with charger number of units variation diagram；

Fig. 5 is trickle charge expense with charger number of units variation diagram.

Specific embodiment

Specific embodiment one：A kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method is comprised the following steps：

Step one：Carry out electric motor car and charging station quantitative analysises；

Step 2：Carry out electric automobile power consumption analysis；

Step 3：Electric automobile charging station planning is carried out according to step one and step 2；

Step 3 one：Carry out the planning of public transport special charging station；

Step 3 two：Carry out the planning of environmental sanitation and logistics charging station；

Step 3 three：Carry out the planning of taxi and private car charging station.

Specific embodiment two：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one：Electricity is carried out in the step one The detailed process of motor-car and charging station quantitative analysises is：

Demonstration And Extension expects the year two thousand twenty in area, promotes electric automobile scale and is up to 2,230,000, needs newly-built filling to change 4300, power station, charging pile 2,200,000；

Assume electric automobile occupancy volume be equal to total output value proportion, according to Demonstration And Extension area each province's population and Total output value, arbitrary province year total output value in obtaining Demonstration And Extension area account for all province year total output values in Demonstration And Extension area Ratio, and in the province, arbitrary city year total output value accounts for the ratio of province year total output value, further obtains the city It is expected the quantity of the charging station and charging pile built in the year two thousand twenty；

According to the estimated China's electric automobile quantity of the year two thousand twenty, charging station quantity, and buses, taxi, environmental sanitation logistics With the ratio of total electric automobile quantity and charging station quantity shared by public affair and private electric automobile and charging station quantity, the city is obtained Charging station quantity needed for city's buses, taxi, environmental sanitation logistics and public affair and private electric automobile.

Other steps and parameter are identical with specific embodiment one.

Specific embodiment three：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one or two：Enter in the step 2 Row electric automobile power consumption analysis detailed process be：

n₁=n₀·n·η (2)

N be city any kind vehicle fleet, p₀For maximum capacity of each the type car when fully charged, p₁Should for each The average power consumption daily of type car, the probability that η charges in charging station for vehicle, n₀For the daily average charge time of each the type car Number, n₁Averagely charge daily total degree for the type car.

Other steps and parameter are identical with specific embodiment one or two.

Specific embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three：The step 3 The planning for carrying out public transport special charging station in one is specially：

Based on the originating of buses, terminus, each buses trickle charge capacity is about the addressing of public transport special charging station 150kW/h, the trickle charge time be 6h, then the trickle charge power of buses charger be 25kW, buses daytime running with fast The mode filled supplements 82kW/h electricity, it is assumed that these capacity need to be full of in 1h, then the charging acc power selected is more than or equal to 82kW。

Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.

Specific embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four：The step 3 The planning for carrying out environmental sanitation and logistics charging station in two is specially：

Sanitation cart and logistic car special charging station be set, logistics vehicles each daily power consumption 139.2kW/h, night trickle charge car Charging interval is 8h, each charging station power 1799.4kW, if selecting rush-harvesting and rush-planting charger, the power of each charging station to be more than Equal to 35kW.

Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.

Specific embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five：The step 3 The planning for carrying out taxi and private car charging station in three is specially：

Using weighted Voronoi diagrams method segmentation service region；

The division of charging station service area mainly uses weighted Voronoi diagrams figure to realize, weighted Voronoi diagrams figure is determined Justice is：

If R=is { R₁,R₂,…,R_t, 2≤t<∞ is one in plane and controls point set, τ_i(i=1,2 ..., it is t) given T integer, x be plane on arbitrfary point, d (x, R_i) represent point x and R_iBetween Euclidean distance, then：

T parts are divided the plane into, by V_n(R_i,τ_i) (i=1,2 ..., weight on the segmentation to plane for n) determining referred to as point Voronoi diagram, τ_iFor R_iWeight；There is unit to the curl shape in each point in certain curl shape of weighted Voronoi diagrams figure Weighted distance be respectively less than the Weighted distance that the point occurs unit to other curl shapes.

The impact of charging station location vehicle density and population density to charging station service area selected by weight reflection.Herein The method for determining weight is as described below, and according to apart from grid division on map, each intersection point is considered as an observation station.Due to city Vehicle flowrate in city, specific function region skewness weighing apparatus, therefore charging station coverage should be adjusted as one sees fit, i.e. bustling or population relatively Where wagon flow is intensive, the service area of charging station should reduce, otherwise scope accordingly expands.Comprehensive wagon flow, population etc. because Element, sets a charging station dependency coefficient k, the coefficient assignment such as following table of zones of different to each observation station：

8 each functional areas weight assignment of table is illustrated

Region property	k
		House compact district	5
Shopping centre	5
		Office Area	4
Park	3
		Hospital	2
School	2
		General area	1

Then weight τ of selected site_iIt is expressed as：

Wherein y is observation station number, and u, a are adjustment factor, value according to the actual requirements, adjust weight span and Difference between numerical value, if wanting to project impact of the distance to charging station capacity, the difference between weighted value is reduced, such as Fruit will project the impact to charging station such as this area's wagon flow, artificial abortion, then increase the difference between weighted value；L is arrived for observation station The distance of selected site；

Constant volume model

When the charge requirement of electric automobile is calculated, by the traffic flow of each junction node of the traffic flow in road network Represent；If the section number being connected with junction node j is w, with j '_fF-th junction node that expression is connected with node j,Represent t node j and node j '_fThe traffic flow density in f article of connected section, then Traffic flow densities of the node j in tIt is expressed as：

As the traffic flow in arbitrary section is all two-way, asymmetrical, so in the traffic flow for calculating junction node During density, the wagon flow data that unified flow direction, i.e. unification take inflow (or outflow) node should be taken.

Junction node in T time section, needs the electric automobile quantity q ' for charging_jIt is expressed as：

Wherein α is electric automobile proportion；β is the automobile proportion for needing in all electric automobiles to charge, i.e. electricity The charge rate of electrical automobile；

If having n in the service area of charging station i_iIndividual junction node, then in charging station i service areas, T time section needs to fill Electric automobile quantity Q of electricity_iIt is expressed as：

If charging station has c platform chargers, ρ=λ/(c μ) is referred to as the service intensity of charging station.In the use process of user It is middle to there is the acceptable SOC chargings lowest threshold of psychology, i.e., when user will not SOC is 0 again when be just charged.This is existing As the expectation by electric automobile in the unit interval to charging station lifts λ/SOC, while the car that also will can be serviced in the unit interval μ/SOC that number is improved, the i.e. psychological acceptance level of user are not affected substantially on charging station service intensity in the method.

In addition, ambient temperature reduction affect battery performance, under low temperature state, battery SOC can not 100% electric discharge, together When in the winter time, there are different battery thermal schemes in different electric motor car, quite a few electric motor car can be by consuming electrokinetic cell Energy provide heat for set of cells, this all remote-effects the service intensity of charging station.Cold environment and room ambient conditions phase Than unit interval power consumption increases, and unit interval Vehicular charging can more frequently, and single charge electricity reduces.Such as single charge Time is fixed, then charge power reduces, and charging station queue number increases.But as not all electric motor car has cold operation Scheme, and electric motor car scheme at low temperatures is different according to vehicle, is difficult at present to estimate that the charge strength for thereby resulting in becomes Change degree.Simultaneously in the winter time under low temperature environment, as SOC is reduced, endurance is reduced, suitably should reduce between charging station away from From.

The charging station belongs to the M/M/c/ ∞/∞ waiting line system models of standard, represents that customer obeys index point the time of advent Cloth, arrival process are Poisson distribution, and information desk number is c, and maximum allowable team leader is infinite queuing system.

Electric automobile receives the probability of charging service：

Wherein p_nFor there is n electric automobile to receive the probability of charging service, p₀Expression does not have vehicle in the probability queued up, and λ is Expected value of the electric automobile to charging station in unit interval, μ are the quantity serviced by the unit time, and information desk number is c； ρ=λ/(c μ) is referred to as the service intensity of charging station；

For charging station, if charger configuration is more, the cost of serving of charging station can increase, and service level has Improved, customer is in charging station due to waiting spent cost reduce；If conversely, charger configures less, charging station Cost of serving can reduce, service level can be reduced, and customer in charging station due to waiting spent cost increase.Institute To have taken into account the interests of charging station and customer both sides herein, with the waiting cost sum of the cost of serving of charging station and customer most It is little for target distributing the charger number of units of charging station rationally.

In the case of stable state, if the cost of each charger of unit interval is c_s, each customer stops in charging station The expense for staying the unit interval is c_w, then the expected value z of the expense of unit interval be expressed as：

Z=c_s·c+c_w·L_s (9)

Wherein L_sIt is the average queue length of charging station, is expressed as：

Total cost z=z (c) of system, remembers c^*For the configuration number of units of charger, then z (c^*) be least cost, z (c) be from Scattered function, is solved using technique of marginal analysis, is then had：

Formula (9) is substituted into into formula (11), abbreviation is arranged：

Charger configuration number of units c of charging station can be tried to achieve by formula (12)^*；

Constraints

The bound of node voltage amplitude：

Wherein V_AFor the voltage magnitude of power distribution network node A,WithIt is respectively the bound of the node voltage amplitude, M For the interstitial content of power distribution network；

Feeder line maximum current is constrained：

I_AB|≤I_AB,max, A, B=1,2 ..., M (14)

Wherein I_ABAnd I_AB,maxIt is the electric current and the maximum current for allowing to flow through of feeder line AB in power distribution network respectively；

Charging station access point capacity-constrained：

P_C-AB≤P_B,max (15)

Wherein P_C-ABFor accessing the maximum charge power of grid nodes A being connected with charging station of grid nodes B；P_B,maxFor The maximum access power of grid nodes B；

Substation transformer capacity：

S_A≤S_A,max (16)

Wherein S_AIt is the load of the transformer station or transformator powered to corresponding region, S_A,maxFor the transformer station or transformator Peak load；

The electric automobile maximum charge power constraint that distribution network operation is accessed：

Wherein P_CiFor the charge power of charging station i,The electric automobile maximum charge power for accessing is allowed for power distribution network；

Cost accounting：

The planning construction of electric automobile charging station should consider the Construction and operation cost of charging station, will also consider that charging station is built Social benefit into after.In the selection course of programme, it should while Construction Party and interests of both user are considered, The expression-form of object function is as follows：

Wherein C is that annual whole society's cost, quantity of the N for charging station, C are arrived in programme conversion_1iFor building for charging station i If investment annual cost, C_2iFor the operation maintenance annual cost of charging station i, C_3iFor the network loss annual cost of charging station i, C_4iFor charging station i The year charging cost of user, C in service area_5iFor user's cost depletions every year on average in charging distance；

1) the construction investment annual cost of charging station i is：

Wherein e_iBe charging station i configuration number transformer, a for transformator unit price, m_iFor the charging of charging station i configurations Machine quantity, unit prices of the b for charger, l_iThe medium-voltage line length of power distribution network, c are accessed for charging station_lUnit for medium-voltage line is made Valency, ω_iFor the capital cost of charging station i；r₀For discount rate, z is the operation time limit；

2) operation and maintenance cost of charging station includes equipment repair and maintenance expense, equipment depreciation expense and the personnel of charging station Wage；Year, operation and maintenance cost was calculated according to the percentage ratio of initial investment, if scale factor is η, the year of charging station i transports Row maintenance cost is：

C_2i=(e_ia+m_ib+l_ic_l+ω_i)·η (20)

3) the network loss annual cost of charging station i is：

C_3i=e_i(C_Fe+C_Cu)·T_V·365·p+m_i(C_L+C_D)·k_t·T_V·365·p (21)

C in formula_FeAnd C_CuIt is iron loss and the copper loss of transformator respectively, C_LIt is the line loss conversion in charging station to filling per platform The loss value of motor, C_DIt is the charge loss of separate unit charger, k_tFor rate, T while multiple stage charger in charging station_VFor charging Stand average daily effective charging interval, p is charging electricity price；

4) in charging station i service areas, the year charging cost of user is：

C_4i=p q P_V·365 (22)

Wherein q is the average electric automobile quantity for needing daily to charge, P in charging station i service areas_VFor electric automobile Average size；

5) cost depletions of the annual user in charging distance mainly include empty driving of the user produced by charging distance Kwh loss cost h₁With indirect waste cost h₂, its function is：

C_5i=h₁+h₂ (23)

Empty driving kwh loss year, cost was：

∑ L in formula_iFor comprehensive distance of all charge requirement points to charging station in charging station i service areas, g is electronic vapour The distance travelled of car unit quantity of electricity；

Indirect waste year, cost was：

Wherein k_uFor the travel time value of user, average speeds of the v for electric automobile；

In charging station i service areas, all charge requirement points to the comprehensive distance of charging station are：

Wherein d_ikFor the space length of charge requirement point k to charging station i；

Formula (24)～(26) are substituted into into formula (25), arrangement can be obtained：

Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to six.

Embodiment one：

Step one：Carry out electric motor car and charging station quantitative analysises；

Country exists《Charging electric vehicle infrastructure development guide (2015-2020)》In electric motor car future development is carried Overall planning is gone out, to the year two thousand twenty, national electric automobile recoverable amount increases centralized electric charging station newly more than 1.2 more than 5,000,000 Ten thousand, distributing charging pile more than 4,800,000, to meet charging electric vehicle demand.Following table show《Guide》Middle proposition It is expected in the year two thousand twenty electric automobile and charging station quantity, according to the principle of country's " overall plan, system propulsion, appropriate advance ", The present invention is just using this group of data as guidance.

Table 1 expects the year two thousand twenty China electric automobile and charging station quantity

	Sum	Buses	Taxi	Environmental sanitation logistics	Public affair/individual
						Quantity (ten thousand)	500	20	30	20	430
Ratio (%)		4	6	4	86
						Charging station quantity	119878	3848	2462	2438	3239
Ratio (%)		32.1	20.5	20.4	27.0

The whole nation is roughly divided into into three class Development area, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei etc. for accelerating development area simultaneously, it is Shanxi, interior Mongolia, Heilungkiang etc. are that Demonstration And Extension is regional, and Guangxi, Tibet etc. are actively promotion area.

In Demonstration And Extension area, possess including 14 provinces including Heilongjiang Province.In guide it is further proposed that, demonstration is pushed away The year two thousand twenty is expected in wide region, electric automobile scale is promoted and is up to 2,230,000, need newly-built electric charging station 4300, fill Electric stake 2,200,000.When Heilongjiang Province's electric automobile quantity is considered, should be taken into account due to different provinces population and production it is total Value is different, and promotion efficiency of the citizen to the purchasing power and government of private car to officer's car, buses etc. is different, to electric automobile Occupancy volume it is also different.Demonstration And Extension region each province's populations in 2014 and total output value is listed in following table.

2 2014 years Demonstration And Extension area each province's populations of table and total output value

	Population	Total output value (hundred million yuan)
			The Inner Mongol	2505	17770
Jilin	2752	13803
			Heilungkiang	3833	15039
Shanxi	3648	12761
			Jiangxi	4542	15715
Henan	9436	34938
			Hubei	5816	27379
Hunan	6737	27037
			Chongqing	2991	14263
Sichuan	8140	28537
			Guizhou	3508	9266
Yunnan	4714	12815
			Shaanxi	3775	17690
Gansu	2591	6837
			Sum	64988	253850

Heilongjiang Province's total output value accounts for overall 5.9%, and Harbin City's total output value in 2014 is 5017.0 hundred million yuan, accounts for black The 33.4% of Longjiang province total output value.Assume that the occupancy volume of electric automobile is approximately equal to total output value proportion, estimate Ha Er It is as shown in the table for shore city electric automobile and charging station quantity, charging pile 43353.The present invention is expected in the year two thousand twenty with country in guide The charging station of construction and the minimum standardss that charging pile quantity is Facilities Construction.

Harbin City's plan electric motor car recoverable amount and charging station quantity that table 3 is calculated in proportion

	Sum	Buses	Taxi	Environmental sanitation logistics	Public affair/individual
						Quantity ()	43944	1758	2637	1758	37791
Charging station quantity	85	27	17	17	24

Step 2：Carry out electric automobile power consumption analysis；

From 2008-2013 city bus information slips, run public transit vehicle number and operation route number rises year by year.Root According to the data in yearbook, the data such as vehicle number, average line length and the distance travelled of every circuit in table, have also been calculated.

4 2008-2013 city bus situations of table

Take in data as a example by electric bus in 2013 averagely travel 232 kilometers daily and calculate, pure electric bus are every Hundred kilometers of power consumptions are about 100kW h or so, therefore power consumption daily is about 232kW h.According to document [20-22], the appearance of each car Measure as 150kW h or so.All electric bus need charging capacity to be about 407856kW h daily, and each bus is special The electric energy that charging station is averagely provided daily is about 15106kW h, and each bus averagely charges 1.55 times daily.Due in reality In the planning of border, the factors such as intensity in view of buses vehicle line and public transport whole story station are needed, therefore is calculated above and is According to the meansigma methodss ideally that instruction is obtained, when having adjusted as the case may be in physical planning.

n₁=n₀·n·η (2)

In formula, n possesses certain type of vehicle sum, p for city₀Maximum capacity when being full of for each car, p₁Should for each The average power consumption daily of type car, the probability that η charges in charging station for vehicle, n₀For each certain daily average charge of type car Number of times, n₁Averagely charge daily total degree for certain type car.Average this physical quantity of charging train number daily is in calculating process There is important practical significance.What is used in many research calculating process is actual automobile pollution, but actually used During, the user shorter for daily operating range, and once electricity, use big for distance travelled in the same manner need not be filled daily The daily charging times in family are more than once.If calculating the charger construction plan in area using automobile pollution, it will occur The idleness of equipment or the phenomenon that supply falls short of demand, have larger gap with actual demand.Only proceed from the reality, fully summarize different The driving habits of species vehicle, can just make overall plan be more nearly actually used situation.

5 all kinds of vehicles of table are estimated daily in station charging train number

Private car and the daily distance travelled of officer's car are substantially in below 50km according to statistics.Assume average each private savings/public affair Car averagely travels 30km daily, can draw with reference to table 5, and private savings/public affair electric automobile per per day power consumption is 226746kW h, daily average charge 0.2 time.

Environmental sanitation and logistic car carry cleaning and transporting for task, and vehicle has power consumption big, and run time is longer to wait special Point, its power consumption should be much larger than private car and be less than buses.Buses averagely run 14h daily, and environmental sanitation and logistic car are daily Average operation 8h, then estimate that environmental sanitation and the daily power consumption of logistic car are the 60% of buses, i.e., daily power consumption is about 244713.6kW·h。

Step 3：Electric automobile charging station planning is carried out according to step one and step 2；

In extremely frigid zones such as Heilungkiang, the environment of low temperature greatly shortens the endurance of electric automobile power battery.Environment Temperature reduces causing single charge capacity to reduce, and charge frequency is raised.Construction to charging station is also required, in low temperature environment The active volume of battery is substantially reduced not only using battery, also the life-span to battery and health produce certain infringement, when serious The serious consequences such as battery capacity rapid drawdown, short circuit are caused even, damage of the relatively low ambient temperature to battery is taken in charging process Evil is bigger.Therefore need to ensure certain battery temperature in charging process, the method first typically taken carries out battery thermal, Part electric energy is changed into into interior energy to set of cells in charging, this method is relatively low to charging station construction requirements, but by real Test and draw, be the 9% of gross energy to energy needed for battery heating, the more low consumed additional energy of ambient temperature is more.This side Formula causes electrical energy demands amount to raise, and the charging interval extends or charge power increase.The second way is to build charging station as far as possible Interior is located at, keeps certain ambient temperature, this mode to improve the construction cost of charging station, and the need for electricity at whole station.

Simultaneously it is also contemplated that the convenience of user's charging, in this programme, between each charging station, distance is as far as possible average, Population density, sowntown development degree in view of region, is coordinated by adjusting the capacity of each charging station.Charging station Number with 5.1 section according to national standard calculate regions in Harbin City charging station quantity as minimum standardss, by calculate and prove Obtain rational charging electric vehicle facilities planning.

Due to electric automobile and the difference of general-utility car energy storage mode, the setting and planning to energy supplement website has very big Difference.General-utility car gas station refuel, the used time it is shorter and refuel time period dispersion, refueled on daytime substantially.It is electronic Automobile point fills and trickle charge two ways soon, and it is shorter to fill the used time soon, but as power is big, a large amount of electric motor cars are charged simultaneously to electrical network shadow Sound is larger；Trickle charge is more to charge during night parks, and can reduce the peak-valley difference of electrical network, therefore recommends to use trickle charge as far as possible.But trickle charge Time is about 6-7 hours, and charging can not be with filling with walking, while the vehicle fleet size for carrying out trickle charge is big, therefore the requirement to place is very high.

Therefore should meet in addressing：Site area is sufficiently large can to provide the clothes that charge to vehicle in charging station area coverage Business；Charging station is preferably avoided build the very big section of traffic burden in, in case user's concentration carries car and traffic is brought with many negative shadows Ring.

According to the traveling rule of various vehicles, the charging modes and charge requirement of vehicle there is also difference, analyze in table 6 The charging modes of various vehicles.

6 all types of Vehicular charging patterns of table and electrically-charging equipment configuration suggestion

Step 3 one：Carry out the planning of public transport special charging station；

The addressing of public transport special charging station is based on the originating of buses, terminus.Each buses trickle charge capacity is about 150kW h, as the charging modes of buses are night trickle charge, requirement of the daytime according to operating range is carried out fast when necessary Fill, the buses quantity that night charges simultaneously is more, the dispersion of Vehicular charging time on daytime.Therefore for buses special charging station, Peak power occurs when night buses carry out trickle charge simultaneously.

The trickle charge time be 6h, then the trickle charge power of buses charger be 25kW, buses daytime running also need 82kW h electricity is supplemented in the way of filling soon, it is assumed that these capacity need to be full of in 1h, then the charging acc power selected should Should be not less than 82kW.Jing is counted, and buses are about 20min in terminus berthing time, and buses can be utilized at circuit two ends Website station berthing time is filled in three times soon.Due to bus scheduling factor, and the peak of power consumption that stagger as far as possible is filled soon Period, it is assumed that fill the daily cumulative activation 6h of charger soon.27 public transport special charging stations of urban district Program Construction, average each charging Station sets up power to fill charger 11 soon more than 82kW, and power is more than 25kW trickle charges charger 55.

Step 3 two：Carry out the planning of environmental sanitation and logistics charging station；

The daily driving trace of sanitation cart is relatively fixed, and stand is also fixed, therefore can arrange special charging station, according to ring Defend the need for electricity configuration charger of vehicle.Although logistics vehicles travel route is not fixed, running region and running time It is fixed, therefore special charging station can also be configured.

Similar to buses situation, logistics vehicles each daily power consumption 139.2kW h, if during night trickle charge Vehicular charging Between be 8h, build together and set 17 logistics environmental sanitation charging stations, each charging station power 1799.4kW such as selects rush-harvesting and rush-planting charger, then often Individual station needs to be more than 35kW chargers 52 from power.

Step 3 three：Carry out the planning of taxi and private car charging station；

As the travel route of the small-sized electric vehicles such as taxi, private car and officer's car, docks are not fixed, can be with Assume that these three vehicles are similar in the demand that charging station charges, planned according to same programme.Taxi, private car Planning with the corresponding charging station of small-sized electric vehicle such as officer's car is affected by several factors, and prcgramming ideas are as shown in Figure 1.

Sample calculation analysis

By taking the Zhong-1 block domain of city as an example, station planning is charged using said method.Under small-sized electric vehicle normal condition Course continuation mileage is about 150km, and winter is changed into 80% calculating, course continuation mileage average out to 120km according to course continuation mileage.Country exists《Electricity Electrical automobile charging infrastructure develops guide》Middle proposition, future are striven for realizing charging station coverage density within 1km.Preliminary In planning, the 1/30 of winter average course continuation mileage is taken, i.e. 4km is minimum standardss.So, in the range of selected 28km, at least Build 2 charging stations can just meet the requirements.

One area of Harbin City is taken for 28km²Region as illustrated, be charged station planning.With approximate average principle Selected site is as shown in the figure.The facilities such as residential block, commercial center, railway station, hospital and school are dispersed with the region, to charging Capacity of standing has the impact of varying degree.The observation station of the 1km each other of spacing on map is assigned according to the dependency coefficient k for arranging Value.As shown in Figure 2.

Assume：

When the 1st, carrying out assignment to node, comprehensive vehicle flowrate and densely populated degree estimate dependency coefficient, from 1 to 5 assignment, Wherein 5 are the most heavy region of burden.

2nd, as can be seen from Table 5, urban district averagely has 3164.4+2267.5=5431.9 small-sized electric car to fill daily Electricity.Whole city's plan is minimum to build charging station 41, and Harbin Urban area is 7045km², in choosing map, region area is 28km².Due to choosing example region for downtown area, vehicle flowrate is big, according to selection region in map, according to GDP and area Ratio approximately estimate the vehicle number that this area possesses.

Estimate Nangang District area in figure：Road Inside Area area：Xiangfang District area=4:1:1, every square kilometre of this area area 8.42 times for city per unit GDP of upper shared GDP.If in cold environments, charging train number is under home 1.2 times, calculate the electric motor car quantity that the region possesses and account for the 4% of whole city's electric motor car charging quantity, i.e., charge vapour daily Car quantity 217.28.

3rd, parameter μ is asked to require the average service time of each car first.Due to the electric automobile charged in charging station it is existing Trickle charge also has fills soon, therefore sets the trickle charge of vehicle/fill ratio soon first.Taxi needs operation, and part renting car is break tour system, therefore Taxi major part is filled soon, and private car and officer's car most of the time are in parked state, and trickle charge can just meet demand. Typical fast charge mode needs 1h/ time, and for being accustomed to trip according to the living habit of people, people tend to need at short notice Can just select to fill during use soon, the state of night major part private car and officer's car in stopping, small part break tour taxi is still Having, if trickle charge charger at most service 18 chassis, i.e. a μ in a day¹≤18.Typical trickle charge mode is 6h/ time, In time period of one charger before car owner After Hours goes to work to next day, provide trickle charge service can only to a car, it is contemplated that Early evening peak needs to use car, then 8 points of daytime, every charger can at most fill in 5 points of 9 hours sections of that afternoon 1.5 cars, adding trickle charge process of night when parking can obtain, and one is filled charger soon and can at most service 2.5 chassis in one day, That is μ²≤2.5。

4th, the difference of each vehicle charging modes be given according to table 6, taxi due to there is break tour system, with fill soon as Lead, private car and officer's car standby time are longer, based on trickle charge, the daily charging train number of two kinds of vehicles is respectively 3164.4 With 2267.5.It is preliminary to assume in the vehicle that charging station charges, trickle charge:Filled for 1 soon:1.It is average that every charger can daily Vehicle number is filled soon as μ with what is serviced¹=16, trickle charge vehicle number is μ²=1.5.

Based on more than, four hypothesis are planned, arrange two, three, four and five charging stations respectively in region, The trickle charge charger that fills soon of each charging station configures as follows.

Scheme one

When three electric automobile charging stations of this area's Program Construction, calculating respective weight according to formula (4) is：

τ₁=1.1017, τ₂=1.2035, τ₃=0.9989；

Scope is divided according to weight, the service coverage of three charging stations is as shown in Figure 3.The area that each charging station is covered Domain and correspondence dependency coefficient and as shown in table (9).

Region and correspondence dependency coefficient that table 9 each charging station is covered

As can be seen from the table, after being allocated to area coverage by weighted Voronoi diagrams method, due to people in selected areas Mouth, the difference of economic dispatch situation, the area covered by charging station service are different, but the approximate phase of charging tasks amount for being undertaken Together.This also embodies the scientific and accuracy of weighted Voronoi diagrams method distribution service coverage area.

According to dependency coefficient in region division and region, three charging station λ can be obtained₁=72.45, λ₂=79.14, λ₃= 65.68。

In the case of stable state, if cost c of charger_sExpense c of unit interval is stopped with customer in charging station_w Ratio is 2:1, then the expected value z of the expense (cost of serving and waiting cost sum) of unit interval is with the change of charger number of units Change situation is as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.

Can learn that charging station #1 fills charger 4, trickle charge charger 28 soon.

Respectively other two charging station is calculated, charging station #2 fills charger 4, trickle charge charger 31 soon； Charging #3 fills charger 3, trickle charge charger 26 soon.

When these parking stalls are charged simultaneously, charging station maximum service rating is：

P₁=260, P₂=275, P₁=220

Scheme two

When two electric automobile charging stations of this area's Program Construction, calculating respective weight according to formula (4) is：

τ₁=1.1832, τ₂=0.9875, λ₁=118.43, λ₂=98.85

Calculate and understand, charging station #1 fills charger 5, trickle charge charger 45, capacity 375kW h soon.Charging station #2 is fast Fill charger 5, trickle charge charger 38, capacity 340kW h.

Scheme three

When four electric automobile charging stations of this area's Program Construction, calculating respective weight is

τ₁=1.1690, τ₂=1.1849, τ₃=0.9948, τ₄=1.2037；

λ₁=55.8, λ₂=56.52, λ₃=47.49, λ₄=57.46

Can learn that charging station #1 fills charger 3, trickle charge charger 22, capacity 200kW h soon.Charging station #2 is fast Fill charger 3, trickle charge charger 22, capacity 200kW h.Charging station #3 fills charger 3 soon, trickle charge charger 19, Capacity 185kW h.Charging station #4 fills charger 3, trickle charge charger 23, capacity 205kW h soon.

Scheme four

When five electric automobile charging stations of this area's Program Construction, calculating respective weight is

τ₁=1.2128, τ₂=1.0472, τ₃=0.9943, τ₄=1.1708, τ₅=1.2316

λ₁=46.58, λ₂=40.22, λ₃=38.19, λ₄=44.97, λ₅=47.31

Charging station #1 fills charger 3, trickle charge charger 19, capacity 185kW h soon.Charging station #2 fills charger 2 soon Platform, trickle charge charger 16, capacity 140kW h.Charging station #3 fills charger 2, trickle charge charger 16, capacity soon 140kW·h.Charging station #4 fills charger 3, trickle charge charger 18, capacity 180kW h soon.Charging station #5 fills charger soon 3, trickle charge charger 19, capacity 185kW h.

Cost accounting is carried out to above-mentioned three kinds of charging station programmes, can be obtained：

The cost accounting of 10 4 kinds of schemes of table

Charging station number	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	It is overall
							2	310810.9	192000	173248.6	5774952.0	94360.4	6545372
3	345777.2	213600	172061.9	5735397.6	73969.7	6540806
							4	379448.4	234400	171214.3	5707144.4	63358.3	6555565
5	414414.6	25600	170366.7	5678891.2	56109.9	6575782

The cost with user is safeguarded in view of investment, is understood according to the minimum principle of total cost, building three transformer stations is Optimal case.

When the vehicle number ratio respectively 40% and 60% with trickle charge is filled in charging station soon, four for obtaining kind scheme is fast Fill, trickle charge charger number of units it is as shown in table 11 below.

Charger species and number of units under 11 4 kinds of schemes of table

Understand through cost accounting, build cost minimization during three charging stations, be 6549186.6 yuan.

Vehicle number is filled soon for μ according to what average daily every charger can be serviced¹=18, trickle charge vehicle number is μ²= 2.5 calculate, and four for obtaining kind scheme is filled soon, trickle charge charger number of units is as shown in table 12 below.Understand through cost accounting, build three Cost minimization during individual charging station, is 6463289.7 yuan.

Table 12 improves after daily charging station service ability charger species and number of units under four kinds of schemes

Claims (6)

1. a kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method, it is characterised in that the extremely frigid zones charging service network rule The method of drawing is comprised the following steps：

Step one：Carry out electric motor car and charging station quantitative analysises；

Step 2：Carry out electric automobile power consumption analysis；

Step 3：Electric automobile charging station planning is carried out according to step one and step 2；

Step 3 one：Carry out the planning of public transport special charging station；

Step 3 two：Carry out the planning of environmental sanitation and logistics charging station；

Step 3 three：Carry out the planning of taxi and private car charging station.

2. a kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step The detailed process for carrying out electric motor car and charging station quantitative analysises in one is：

Demonstration And Extension expects the year two thousand twenty in area, promotes electric automobile scale and is up to 2,230,000, needs newly-built electric charging station 4300, charging pile 2,200,000；

Assume that the occupancy volume of electric automobile is equal to total output value proportion, according to Demonstration And Extension area each province's population and production Total value, obtains the ratio that arbitrary province year total output value in Demonstration And Extension area accounts for the Demonstration And Extension all province year total output values in area Example, and in the province, arbitrary city year total output value accounts for the ratio of province year total output value, further obtains the city and is expected The charging station built in the year two thousand twenty and the quantity of charging pile；

According to the estimated China's electric automobile quantity of the year two thousand twenty, charging station quantity, and buses, taxi, environmental sanitation logistics and public affairs Shared by business and private electric automobile and charging station quantity, the ratio of total electric automobile quantity and charging station quantity, obtains the city public Hand over car, taxi, environmental sanitation logistics and public affair and the charging station quantity needed for private electric automobile.

3. a kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described The detailed process for carrying out electric automobile power consumption analysis in step 2 is：

$n_0=\frac{p_1}{p_0}---\left(1\right)$

n₁=n₀·n·η (2)

N be city any kind vehicle fleet, p₀For maximum capacity of each the type car when fully charged, p₁For each the type The average power consumption daily of car, the probability that η charges in charging station for vehicle, n₀For the daily average charge number of times of each the type car, n₁ Averagely charge daily total degree for the type car.

4. a kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step The planning for carrying out public transport special charging station in 31 is specially：

Based on the originating of buses, terminus, each buses trickle charge capacity is about 150kW/ to the addressing of public transport special charging station H, trickle charge time are 6h, then the trickle charge power of buses charger is 25kW, and buses are in side of the running on daytime to fill soon Formula supplements 82kW/h electricity, it is assumed that these capacity need to be full of in 1h, then the charging acc power selected is more than or equal to 82kW.

5. a kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that described The planning for carrying out environmental sanitation and logistics charging station in step 3 two is specially：

Sanitation cart and logistic car special charging station be set, and logistics vehicles each daily power consumption 139.2kW/h, night trickle charge vehicle fill The electric time is 8h, each charging station power 1799.4kW, if selecting rush-harvesting and rush-planting charger, the power of each charging station to be more than or equal to 35kW。

6. a kind of extremely frigid zones charging service network plan method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the step The planning for carrying out taxi and private car charging station in three or three is specially：

Using weighted Voronoi diagrams method segmentation service region；

If R=is { R₁,R₂,…,R_t, 2≤t<∞ is one in plane and controls point set, τ_i(i=1,2 ..., t) it is given t Integer, x are the arbitrfary point in plane, d (x, R_i) represent point x and R_iBetween Euclidean distance, then：

$V(R_i,{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_i)=\{x\&Element;V(R_i,{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_i)|\frac{d(x,R_i)}{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_i}\&le;\frac{d(x,R_j)}{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_j},j=1,2,\mathrm{...},n;j\&NotEqual;i\left|\right\}---\left(3\right)$

T parts are divided the plane into, by V_n(R_i,τ_i) (i=1,2 ..., weight on the segmentation to plane for n) determining referred to as point Voronoi diagram, τ_iFor R_iWeight；

Then weight τ of selected site_iIt is expressed as：

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_i=\frac{a}{u+\underset{t=1}{\overset{y}{\&Sigma;}}\frac{k_t}{l_t}}---\left(4\right)$

Wherein y is observation station number, and u, a are adjustment factor, adjusts the span of weight, and l is observation station to selected site Distance；

Constant volume model

When the charge requirement of electric automobile is calculated, by the traffic flow scale of each junction node of the traffic flow in road network Show；If the section number being connected with junction node j is w, with j '_fF-th junction node that expression is connected with node j, f=1,2, 3,…,w；Represent t node j and node j '_fThe traffic flow density in f article of connected section, then node j In the traffic flow density of tIt is expressed as：

$p_t^j=\underset{f=1}{\overset{w}{\&Sigma;}}{p}_t^f(j,j_f^{\&prime;})---\left(5\right)$

Junction node in T time section, needs electric automobile quantity q' for charging_jIt is expressed as：

$q_j^{\&prime;}=\underset{0}{\overset{T}{\&Integral;}}{p}_t^j\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&alpha;}\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&beta;}dt---\left(6\right)$

Wherein α is electric automobile proportion；β is the automobile proportion for needing in all electric automobiles to charge, i.e., electronic vapour The charge rate of car；

If having n in the service area of charging station i_iIndividual junction node, then in charging station i service areas, T time section needs the electricity for charging Electrical automobile quantity Q_iIt is expressed as：

$Q_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n_i}{\&Sigma;}}{q}_j^{\&prime;}---\left(7\right)$

Electric automobile receives the probability of charging service：

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{p}_0={\&lsqb;\underset{k=0}{\overset{c-1}{\&Sigma;}}\frac{1}{k!}{\left(\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)}^k+\frac{1}{c!}\&CenterDot;\frac{1}{1-\mathrm{\&rho;}}\&CenterDot;{\left(\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)}^c\&rsqb;}^{-1},(0<\mathrm{\&rho;}<1)\\ p_n=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{1}{n!}{\left(\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)}^n\&CenterDot;p_0,(n\&le;c)\\ \frac{1}{c!\&CenterDot;c^{n-c}}{\left(\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\right)}^n\&CenterDot;p_0,(n>c)\end{array}\right.\end{array}\right.---\left(8\right)$

Wherein p_nFor there is n electric automobile to receive the probability of charging service, p₀Expression does not have vehicle in the probability queued up, and λ is unit Expected value of the electric automobile to charging station in time, μ are the quantity serviced by the unit time, and information desk number is c, ρ= λ/(c μ) is referred to as the service intensity of charging station；

If the cost of each charger of unit interval is c_s, each customer is c in the expense that charging station stops the unit interval_w, Then the expected value z of the expense of unit interval is expressed as：

Z=c_s·c+c_w·L_s (9)

Wherein L_sIt is the average queue length of charging station, is expressed as：

$L_s=\frac{{\left(c\mathrm{\&rho;}\right)}^c\&CenterDot;\mathrm{\&rho;}}{c!{(1-\mathrm{\&rho;})}^2}\&CenterDot;p_0+\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}---\left(10\right)$

Total cost z=z (c) of system, remembers c^*For the configuration number of units of charger, then z (c^*) it is least cost, z (c) is discrete letter Number, is solved using technique of marginal analysis, is then had：

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}z\left(c^{*}\right)\&le;z(c^{*}-1)\\ z\left(c^{*}\right)\&le;z(c^{*}+1)\end{array}\right.---\left(11\right)$

Formula (9) is substituted into into formula (11), abbreviation is arranged：

$L_s\left(c^{*}\right)-L_s(c^{*}+1)\&le;\frac{c_s}{c_w}\&le;L_s(c^{*}-1)-L_s\left(c^{*}\right)---\left(12\right)$

Charger configuration number of units c of charging station can be tried to achieve by formula (12)^*；

The bound of node voltage amplitude：

$V_A^{\min }\&le;V_A\&le;V_A^{max},A=1,2,...,M---\left(13\right)$

Wherein V_AFor the voltage magnitude of power distribution network node A,WithBe respectively the bound of the node voltage amplitude, M be with The interstitial content of electrical network；

Feeder line maximum current is constrained：

|_AB|≤I_AB,max, A, B=1,2 ..., M (14)

Wherein I_ABAnd I_AB,maxIt is the electric current and the maximum current for allowing to flow through of feeder line AB in power distribution network respectively；

Charging station access point capacity-constrained：

P_C-AB≤P_B,max (15)

Wherein P_C-ABFor accessing the maximum charge power of grid nodes A being connected with charging station of grid nodes B；P_B,maxFor electrical network The maximum access power of node B；

Substation transformer capacity：

S_A≤S_A,max (16)

Wherein S_AIt is the load of the transformer station or transformator powered to corresponding region, S_A,maxFor the transformer station or the maximum of transformator Load；

The electric automobile maximum charge power constraint that distribution network operation is accessed：

$\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\&Sigma;}}{P}_{Ci}\&le;P_C^{\max }---\left(17\right)$

Wherein P_CiFor the charge power of charging station i,The electric automobile maximum charge power for accessing is allowed for power distribution network；

Cost accounting：

The expression-form of object function is as follows：

$\min C=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\&Sigma;}}(C_{1i}+C_{2i}+C_{3i}+C_{4i}+C_{5i})---\left(18\right)$

Wherein C is that annual whole society's cost, quantity of the N for charging station, C are arrived in programme conversion_1iConstruction for charging station i is thrown Money annual cost, C_2iFor the operation maintenance annual cost of charging station i, C_3iFor the network loss annual cost of charging station i, C_4iService for charging station i In the range of user year charging cost, C_5iFor user's cost depletions every year on average in charging distance；

1) the construction investment annual cost of charging station i is：

$C_{1i}=(e_{i}a+m_{i}b+l_i{c}_l+{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i)\frac{r_0{(1+r_0)}^z}{{(1+r_0)}^z-1}---\left(19\right)$

Wherein e_iBe charging station i configuration number transformer, a for transformator unit price, m_iFor the charger number of charging station i configurations Amount, unit prices of the b for charger, l_iThe medium-voltage line length of power distribution network, c are accessed for charging station_lFor the unit price of medium-voltage line, ω_iFor the capital cost of charging station i；r₀For discount rate, z is the operation time limit；

2) operation and maintenance cost of charging station includes equipment repair and maintenance expense, equipment depreciation expense and the people employee of charging station Money；Year, operation and maintenance cost was calculated according to the percentage ratio of initial investment, if scale factor is η, the year of charging station i is run Maintenance cost is：

C_2i=(e_ia+m_ib+l_ic_l+ω_i)·η (20)

3) the network loss annual cost of charging station i is：

C_3i=e_i(C_Fe+C_Cu)·T_V·365·p+m_i(C_L+C_D)·k_t·T_V·365·p (21)

C in formula_FeAnd C_CuIt is iron loss and the copper loss of transformator respectively, C_LIt is the line loss conversion in charging station to every charger Loss value, C_DIt is the charge loss of separate unit charger, k_tFor rate, T while multiple stage charger in charging station_VIt is flat for charging station Daily effective charging interval, p are charging electricity price；

4) in charging station i service areas, the year charging cost of user is：

C_4i=p q P_V·365 (22)

Wherein q is the average electric automobile quantity for needing daily to charge, P in charging station i service areas_VFor the average of electric automobile Capacity；

5) cost depletions of the annual user in charging distance mainly include empty driving electricity of the user produced by charging distance Cost depletions h₁With indirect waste cost h₂, its function is：

C_5i=h₁+h₂ (23)

Empty driving kwh loss year, cost was：

$h_1=\frac{{\mathrm{\&Sigma;L}}_i}{g}\&CenterDot;p\&CenterDot;365---\left(24\right)$

∑ L in formula_iFor comprehensive distance of all charge requirement points to charging station in charging station i service areas, g is electric automobile list The distance travelled of position electricity；

Indirect waste year, cost was：

$h_1=\frac{{\mathrm{\&Sigma;L}}_i}{v}\&CenterDot;k_u\&CenterDot;365---\left(25\right)$

Wherein k_uFor the travel time value of user, average speeds of the v for electric automobile；

In charging station i service areas, all charge requirement points to the comprehensive distance of charging station are：

${\mathrm{\&Sigma;L}}_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\&Sigma;}}{d}_{ik}{q}_j---\left(26\right)$

Wherein d_ikFor the space length of charge requirement point k to charging station i；

Formula (24)～(26) are substituted into into formula (25), arrangement can be obtained：

$C_{5i}=\underset{j=1}{\overset{N}{\&Sigma;}}{d}_{ik}\&CenterDot;q_j\&CenterDot;(\frac{p}{g}+\frac{k_u}{v})\&CenterDot;365---\left(27\right).$