CN106527299B - Miniaturized touch screen high-voltage pulse power supply - Google Patents
Miniaturized touch screen high-voltage pulse power supply Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a miniaturized touch screen high-voltage pulse power supply, which comprises: the human-computer interaction touch screen host, the FPGA controller which is in serial communication with the host, the high-voltage direct-current power supply module, the pulse forming module and the pulse shaping boosting module which are sequentially connected, wherein each module is respectively controlled by the FPGA controller, and the output end of the pulse shaping boosting module is used as the output end of the pulse power supply; the self-adaptive matching module is connected between the output end of the pulse power supply and the load; and the FPGA controller automatically adjusts the variable capacitor and/or the variable inductor in the matching module according to the characteristic data of the load, so that the output end of the pulse power supply is matched with the load for operation. The power supply can generate high-voltage pulse with the pulse width of 1 mu s-100 mu s and the repetition frequency of 100kHz and the output peak voltage of 0-100 kV. The power supply has the characteristics of stable operation, high precision, interference resistance, compact structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage pulse power supplies, and particularly relates to a miniaturized high-voltage repetition frequency pulse power supply based on FPGA control.
Background
The high-voltage pulse power supply has wide application prospect and wide market in the fields of plasma generation, pulse electric field treatment, ozone preparation, shock wave lithotripsy and the like. The power supply is an energy source for generating plasma and the like, and has an important influence on the characteristics of the plasma. Research shows that the characteristic parameters of the pulse power supply (including output voltage waveform characteristics, pulse rising edges, pulse falling edges, pulse repetition frequency, pulse width and the like) and the matching condition of the pulse power supply and the load have great influence on the performance and the processing effect of the system. In addition, along with the expansion of the device state detection means, the control system of the pulse power supply device is required to have a better expansion interface, and can be matched with the detection means, such as being capable of connecting a real-time video signal, a temperature signal and the like. On the basis, the reliability, stability, economy and universality of the whole system are ensured.
The Field programmable gate array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) has the characteristics of simple system structure, flexible logic unit, high integration level, good universality and the like. The FPGA has many advantages as a control module to implement a feedback control pulse generation system.
In the man-machine input interaction process, compared with a PC, the industrial control computer with the touch screen is small in size, low in energy consumption, easy to maintain and resistant to electromagnetic interference due to a relatively simple structure, and meanwhile, the industrial control computer with the touch screen is low in cost and high in cost performance, and is suitable for industrial production and application. The touch screen based on ARM architecture is selected to form the man-machine interaction terminal, pulse parameters are sent to the FPGA, feedback information is displayed at the same time, widely used Personal Computers (PC) are replaced, the equipment volume is reduced, and the system energy consumption is reduced.
In the field of high-voltage high-power switches, solid-state switches have strong advantages in terms of switching-on and switching-off speed and operation stability compared with the traditional gas switches, and in recent years, with the continuous development of technology, the switching-on and switching-off capacity of the solid-state switches is greatly improved. The invention also applies a high-capacity solid-state switch IGBT to realize corresponding functions. Meanwhile, through continuous monitoring of the peripheral driving circuit, state feedback of the IGBT can be obtained, and driving and state monitoring of the IGBT are realized. When the pulse power supply works, the power supply and the load must have good matching relation, so that the energy output by the power supply can be coupled into the load to the maximum extent and absorbed by the load without reflection along a transmission line. The pulse discharge plasma is characterized by the ability to instantaneously inject a large power in a short time, so that most of the energy is used to accelerate electrons rather than ions in the plasma system. This requires that the waveform of the pulse voltage formed should have characteristics of high peak value, steep rise, low tailing voltage, and the like. In addition, the load characteristics of the pulse discharge plasma reactor directly affect the stability, reliability, efficiency, life, etc. of the power supply operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a miniaturized touch screen high-voltage pulse power supply with a compact structure, excellent performance, high accuracy, flexible adjustment and a self-adaptive matching network. The invention adopts zero-voltage on-off DC converter technology to obtain DC high voltage, obtains high-speed driving signals and feedback signals through FPGA communication and feedback technology, inputs operation parameters and feedback operation information through a touch screen, obtains high-voltage ideal square waves through a pulse transformer and a pulse self-adaptive matching network, and finally outputs high-voltage pulse repetition frequency signals.
The invention provides a miniaturized touch screen high-voltage pulse power supply, which comprises:
a man-machine interaction touch screen host runs a general operating system, provides a data input interface and sends a control signal;
the FPGA controller is communicated with the touch screen host through an RS232 serial interface;
the high-voltage direct-current power supply module is feedback-controlled by the FPGA controller;
the pulse shaping module and the pulse shaping boosting module are respectively controlled by the FPGA controller, and the output end of the pulse shaping boosting module is used as the output end of a pulse power supply; and
The self-adaptive matching module comprises a matching circuit and a load characteristic adjusting mechanism, and is connected between the output end of the pulse power supply and a load; and the FPGA controller automatically adjusts variable capacitance and/or variable inductance in the matching circuit through a load characteristic adjusting mechanism according to the characteristic data of the load, so that the output end of the pulse power supply is matched with the load for operation.
In the pulse power supply, the FPGA controller mainly comprises an FPGA chip, a high-voltage direct-current power supply voltage feedback circuit, a pulse power supply voltage feedback circuit, a high-voltage direct-current power supply module driving circuit, a pulse forming module driving circuit and the like; the input ends of the driving circuits are respectively connected with corresponding PWM signals output by the FPGA chip, and the output ends of the voltage feedback circuits are respectively connected with corresponding input ends of the FPGA chip.
The adaptive matching module further comprises a load characteristic detection circuit connected with the load, and characteristic data of the load are obtained through the load characteristic detection circuit. The load characteristic detection circuit consists of a load voltage sampling circuit, a load current sampling circuit, a phase discriminator and an A/D converter in the FPGA controller.
The characteristic data of the load can also be input from the man-machine interaction touch screen and then transmitted to the FPGA controller.
The pulse shaping and boosting module comprises a pulse transformer, a pulse shaping circuit and a magnetizing inrush current suppression circuit which are connected in sequence. The exciting inrush current suppression circuit comprises an NTC thermistor and a delay relay which are connected in series in a power supply loop, wherein a normally open contact of the delay relay is connected with the NTC thermistor in parallel, and a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 connected with a resistor R2 in parallel are connected in an alternating current input loop of a rectifying power supply of the delay relay. The excitation surge suppression circuit can suppress damage of the excitation surge of the transformer to system components, protects loop devices and does not reduce efficiency.
The input end of the pulse forming module is connected with the direct current voltage output by the high-voltage direct current power supply module, and outputs the pulse voltage with 1-100 microseconds, the pulse width is adjustable and the repetition frequency is adjustable and is 0-100 kHz.
In a specific embodiment, the pulse shaping module is composed of four bridged IGBTs. The GPIO port of the FPGA chip in the FPGA controller outputs a two-way complementary PWM signal, and the driving circuit of the driving pulse forming module controls the on-off of the IGBT to form bipolar pulse or unipolar pulse. The pulse shaping module operates in a feedback mode. The pulse shaping module 4 can also be operated in direct mode for convenience of debugging. When the pulse forming module works in a direct mode, a period value required by phase shifting is found from a preset period value table according to a voltage setting value, and the FPGA chip correspondingly delays and outputs a period value signal so that the power supply system is in an open-loop control state.
In other embodiments, the pulse shaping module may be a parallel blumlein network of inductors and capacitors.
The high-voltage direct-current power supply module is energy supply equipment for inputting three-phase alternating current and outputting direct-current voltage. The high-voltage direct-current power supply module comprises a three-phase bridge type rectifying and charging loop and a phase-shifting full-bridge ZVS converter, and the three-phase bridge type rectifying and charging loop is driven to work by the high-voltage direct-current power supply driving circuit arranged in the FPGA controller. The external three-phase alternating current is rectified into direct current through an uncontrolled rectifying circuit, then enters a phase-shifting full-bridge ZVS converter, and the phase-shifting full-bridge ZVS converter is adopted to realize voltage regulation of direct current voltage. The specific voltage can be set by a touch screen, and an instruction is sent to the FPGA controller through an RS232 serial port; the voltage detection sampling circuit is configured to compare the acquired voltage with a set value, and change the PWM phase shift angle through a feedback regulator to realize the output of direct-current high-voltage.
The information of the pulse required by the input of the high-voltage pulse power supply is obtained by the input of a man-machine interaction touch screen, a man-machine interaction touch screen host can run a set of man-machine interaction program of a pulse generation system, and meanwhile, the touch screen is provided with an RS232 control serial port and is integrally used as an upper computer of an FPGA controller. The operator in the interactive program needs to input the required pulse information, which includes peak voltage, pulse width, pulse polarity, pulse repetition frequency, etc. Meanwhile, experimental target information such as the number of pulse outputs, the total running time, the total pulse time and the like can be set. The man-machine interaction touch screen host computer sends pulse information and control information to the FPGA controller through an RS232 serial port, and meanwhile obtains feedback information and running state through the RS232 serial port and displays the feedback information and the running state; the current direct current power supply voltage, the pulse voltage, the current running time, the total voltage acting time, the pulse output number and the like can be displayed. The man-machine interaction touch screen can realize the functions of starting pulse output, stopping pulse output, adjusting pulse characteristics in real time and the like; the pulse characteristics include peak voltage, pulse width and pulse polarity.
In the FPGA controller, IO of the core FPGA chip is divided into 3 groups of DATA buses, the GPIO buses are led out in the form of a socket, and the socket is used for outputting PWM control signals and receiving feedback signals; PWM control signals output by the GPIO interface realize high-voltage and low-voltage signal separation and level conversion through photoelectric coupling. The FPGA controller is configured and connected with an RS232 serial port and a JTAG/CONFIG downloading interface. The FPGA has a fixed frequency crystal oscillator of 50MHz, and can realize an operation period of 20 nanoseconds.
The voltage detection module (used for detecting the high voltage of the high-voltage direct-current power supply part) in the FPGA controller consists of a sampling resistor, a Hall sensor, an operational amplifier, an AD converter, a serial port sending chip and a peripheral circuit thereof. The high-voltage to be measured obtains a current signal through a sampling resistor, the current signal realizes high-voltage low-voltage isolation through a Hall sensor, and then the current signal enters an AD converter through conditioning and filtering of a two-stage operational amplifier to convert the voltage signal into a voltage character string signal and outputs the voltage character string signal to an FPGA for processing. The voltage detection module can adopt a built-in A/D singlechip and externally connect with a 22.1184Mhz crystal oscillator to realize the functions of AD conversion and feedback to an upper computer.
The high-voltage pulse power supply can generate the high-voltage pulse with the pulse width of 1 mu s-100 mu s, the repetition frequency can be adjusted to be up to 100kHz, and the adjustable repetition frequency of the peak voltage of 0-100kV is output. The pulse quality is good, the system operation is stable, and the system has the characteristics of high precision, interference resistance, flexible adjustment, compact structure and the like.
The high-voltage pulse power supply output end is provided with the self-adaptive matching module, so that the self-adaptive matching module can be automatically matched with a load, the energy output by the power supply can be coupled to the load to the maximum extent, and the use is convenient.
The pulse shaping boosting module is provided with the excitation surge suppression circuit, so that the damage of the excitation surge of the transformer to the system components can be suppressed, the loop device is protected, and the efficiency is not reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the pulse power supply of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a HVDC power module;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two blumlein line parallel network;
FIG. 4 is a PFN circuit board embodiment with four blumlein lines connected in parallel; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive matching module;
FIG. 6 is a voltage pulse waveform across a load when impedance matching;
FIG. 7 is a voltage pulse waveform across a load when impedance mismatch occurs; fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a magnetizing inrush current suppression circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the miniaturized touch screen high-voltage pulse power supply comprises a man-machine interaction touch screen host 1, an fpga controller 2, a high-voltage direct current power supply module 3, a pulse forming module 4, a pulse shaping boosting module 5 and an adaptive matching module which are sequentially connected. The FPGA controller 2 mainly comprises an FPGA chip, a direct-current power supply voltage feedback circuit, a pulse power supply voltage feedback circuit, a high-voltage direct-current power supply module driving circuit, a pulse forming module driving circuit, a pulse shaping boosting module driving circuit and the like. The man-machine interaction touch screen obtains basic information of required pulse input by an operator, the basic information comprises peak voltage, pulse width, pulse frequency and pulse polarity information, the basic information is transmitted to the FPGA controller 2 through RS232 serial port communication, the FPGA controller 2 carries out operation and conversion to generate corresponding PWM control signals of logic voltage (3.3V), the PWM signals are output to corresponding driving circuits of all modules (3, 4 and 5), conversion from the logic voltage 3.3V to solid-state switch IGBT driving voltage 15V is achieved in the driving circuits through photoelectric coupling, a power driving signal is obtained, the power driving signal is directly connected to the solid-state switch IGBT required to be driven in the high-voltage direct-current power supply module 3, the pulse forming module 4 and the pulse shaping boosting module 5, meanwhile, the voltage state of all the high-voltage modules is obtained through corresponding voltage feedback circuit parts, feedback control is achieved by comparing various parameters of PWM waveforms in real time, output of the pulse voltage is achieved, meanwhile, the running state is fed back to the touch screen module, and the information is displayed to the operator.
The man-machine interaction touch screen host 1 is an industrial control computer running a general-purpose operating system and is used as an upper computer, an operator inputs parameters of pulses through a program interface, and the start and stop of pulse generation are controlled. The man-machine interaction touch screen host 1 sends information to the FPGA controller 2 according to a self-programming communication protocol by utilizing a UART transmission protocol through a shielding serial line of an RS232 serial communication interface, receives voltage measurement information and overcurrent feedback information through the RS232 serial port, feeds back the information to an operator in real time, and simultaneously realizes feedback control. The man-machine interaction touch screen host 1 adjusts various parameters of the PWM waveform in real time by comparing the difference between the set value and the actual value. These operations are all implemented in running software.
Referring to fig. 2, the hvdc power supply module 3 consists of a bridge type uncontrolled rectifying charging circuit and a phase-shifted full-bridge zero voltage converter (ZVS converter). Three-phase alternating current outside the system is rectified into direct current through an uncontrolled rectifying circuit, is smoothed and stored by a large capacitor Ci, enters a phase-shifting full-bridge DC-DC converter, and is divided into four solid-state switch IGBT by Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, and the phase-shifting full-bridge ZVS converter is realized through parallel capacitors C1-C4 and a current-limiting diode, so that zero-voltage switching-on and off is realized. The alternating current waveform output by the converter is finally output to two ends of a rear-stage large capacitor to store energy through a pulse transformer T1 and an uncontrolled full-bridge rectifying circuit consisting of D5-D8, so that the voltage of the output direct current voltage is regulated. The specific voltage can be set by the touch screen, the voltage detection sampling circuit compares the acquired voltage with a set value, and the PWM phase shift angle is continuously changed through the feedback regulator, so that the output of the direct-current high-voltage is realized.
The sampling part of the voltage detection module (for high voltage detection of the high voltage dc power supply part) in the FPGA controller 2 includes a sampling resistor, a hall current sensor, an operational amplifier, and the like. The voltage to be measured obtains a tiny current through the sampling resistor, the tiny current enters the Hall sensor, another current is output through internal current conversion, the current is directly measured by establishing low voltage, and the process realizes high-low voltage isolation and conversion. The established low voltage is amplified by an operational amplifier and then enters a voltage follower to be output to an AD converter. The arrangement of the voltage follower can reduce common mode interference, improve the input impedance of the circuit, reduce the output impedance, prevent the influence of the rear-stage circuit on the front-stage sampling voltage signal, and filter and amplitude limiting processing are needed before the signal enters the AD converter. In the voltage detection module of the FPGA controller 2, AD conversion of signals is realized by a single chip microcomputer with built-in A/D, and the single chip microcomputer is externally connected with a 22.1184Mhz crystal oscillator; and the data transmission is carried out by adopting an RS232 serial port. The driving voltage converting section is constituted by a conventional photocoupler or the like. The four solid-state switches IGBT are driven to work by a high-voltage direct-current power supply module driving circuit in the FPGA controller 2.
The pulse forming module 4 is a full-bridge circuit formed by four IGBT switches, and the full-bridge circuit generates a pulse waveform with a certain width at a load end by driving signals from a driving pulse forming module driving circuit of the FPGA controller 2 and timely turning on and off different widths.
The pulse shaping module 4 may also be a parallel blumlein network of inductors and capacitors. The pulses are formed as a cascade network using a Pulse Forming Network (PFN) as shown in fig. 3. Fig. 3 shows an example 1 of a parallel network of two blumlein lines, mainly comprising an inductive, capacitive network, the wave process on each blumlein line being identical. The internal resistance of the system can be adjusted by adjusting the inductance and capacitance characteristics and the PFN series. Fig. 4 is a real PFN circuit board with four blumlein lines connected in parallel, and the construction principle is similar to that of fig. 3. The fully charged PFN network can discharge the load, forming a rectangular pulse on the load, with the pulse width determined by the characteristic time of the PFN network, independent of the switching time.
For pulse shaping modules 4 in the form of a pulse shaping network, in addition to requiring impedance matching at the load side, the pulse width is also determined as the pulse shaping network structure is determined, and the polarity of the pulse waveform and the waveform can be adjusted. The pulse generating device can output square and triangular waves on the load under the control of the existing controller.
The pulse shaping boost module 5 comprises a pulse transformer, a pulse shaping circuit and a magnetizing inrush current suppression circuit which are connected in sequence. The arrangement of the excitation surge suppression circuit is based on the following consideration that a loop can form a large surge current at the moment of closing an incoming line power supply. If the surge current is at the maximum just when the alternating input voltage peak starts; in particular, for high power switching power supplies, surge currents can reach hundreds of amperes. When the power is turned on, the contact of the closing switch is burnt out due to the large surge current, and the capacitor is damaged and the rectifier bridge is damaged due to overcurrent. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a magnetizing inrush current suppression circuit. The excitation surge current suppression circuit comprises an NTC thermistor and a delay relay which are connected in series in a power supply loop, wherein a normally open contact of the delay relay is connected with the NTC thermistor in parallel, and a series resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 connected with a resistor R2 in parallel are arranged in an alternating current input loop of a rectification power supply of the delay relay. A relay (or SCR) and a negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) are core elements of the magnetizing inrush current suppression module. The main function of the NTC thermistor is to suppress surges. The driving power supply of the delay relay is obtained by rectification of a 220V alternating current source, the delay time is determined by resistors R1, R2 and C1, and the delay time is 5 seconds. Experimental results show that the current limiting resistor and the delay relay are introduced to limit the starting surge current well.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive matching module. The self-adaptive matching module comprises a matching circuit, a load characteristic adjusting mechanism and a load characteristic detecting circuit connected with the load. The load characteristic detection circuit consists of a load voltage sampling circuit, a load current sampling circuit, a phase discriminator and an A/D module in the FPGA controller. In fig. 5, the matching circuit is composed of a variable capacitor C and a variable inductor L, the load voltage sampling circuit is two voltage dividing resistor branches connected in parallel with two ends of the load, and the load current sampling circuit can adopt a current transformer and the like. The load voltage and load current signals acquired by the two sampling circuits are input into a phase discriminator in the FPGA controller together, phase difference signals output by the phase discriminator are subjected to A/D conversion, and after being judged and processed by the FPGA, output control signals are used for adjusting variable capacitance and/or variable inductance parameters in the matching circuit through a load characteristic adjusting structure; this process is repeated until the output waveform reaches a prescribed level. FIG. 6 is a graph of voltage pulses across a load when impedance matching is performed after an adaptive matching module is configured; fig. 7 is a graph of voltage pulses across a load without impedance mismatch of an adaptive matching block.
Claims (9)
1. A miniaturized touch screen high voltage pulse power supply, comprising:
a man-machine interaction touch screen host runs a general operating system, provides a data input interface and sends a control signal;
the FPGA controller is communicated with the touch screen host through an RS232 serial interface;
the high-voltage direct-current power supply module is feedback-controlled by the FPGA controller;
the pulse shaping module and the pulse shaping boosting module are respectively controlled by the FPGA controller, and the output end of the pulse shaping boosting module is used as the output end of a pulse power supply; and
the self-adaptive matching module comprises a matching circuit and a load characteristic adjusting mechanism, and is connected between the output end of the pulse power supply and a load; the FPGA controller automatically adjusts variable capacitance and/or variable inductance in the matching circuit through a load characteristic adjusting mechanism according to characteristic data of a load, so that the output end of the pulse power supply is matched with the load to operate;
the pulse forming module is composed of four bridged IGBTs and driven by a pulse forming module driving circuit in the FPGA controller to form pulses; the high-voltage direct-current power supply module comprises a three-phase bridge type rectification charging loop and a phase-shifting full-bridge ZVS converter, and the phase-shifting full-bridge ZVS converter is driven by a high-voltage direct-current power supply module driving circuit in the FPGA controller to work.
2. The high voltage pulsed power supply of claim 1, wherein the FPGA controller comprises an FPGA chip, a high voltage dc power supply voltage feedback circuit, a pulsed power supply voltage feedback circuit, the high voltage dc power supply module driving circuit, and the pulse shaping module driving circuit; the input ends of the driving circuits are respectively connected with corresponding PWM signals output by the FPGA chip, and the output ends of the voltage feedback circuits are respectively connected with corresponding input ends of the FPGA chip.
3. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adaptive matching module further includes a load characteristic detection circuit connected to the load, the characteristic data of the load being obtained by the load characteristic detection circuit.
4. The high voltage pulsed power supply of claim 3, wherein said load characteristic detection circuit is comprised of a load voltage sampling circuit, a load current sampling circuit, and a phase detector and a/D converter in said FPGA controller.
5. The high voltage pulse power supply according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the characteristic data of the load is input from the man-machine interaction touch screen and then transmitted to the FPGA controller.
6. The high voltage pulse power supply according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pulse shaping boost module comprises a pulse transformer, a pulse shaping circuit and a magnetizing inrush current suppression circuit connected in sequence.
7. The high voltage pulse power supply according to claim 6, wherein the inrush current suppressing circuit comprises an NTC thermistor and a delay relay connected in series in a power supply loop, a normally open contact of the delay relay is connected in parallel with the NTC thermistor, and a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with a resistor R2 are connected in series in an ac input loop of a rectified power supply of the delay relay.
8. The high voltage pulsed power supply of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pulse shaping module is a parallel blumlein network of inductors and capacitors.
9. The high voltage pulsed power supply of claim 2, wherein said pulse shaping module operates in a feedback mode or a direct mode; when the pulse forming module works in a direct mode, a period value required by phase shifting is found from a preset period value table according to a voltage setting value, and the FPGA chip correspondingly delays and outputs a period value signal so that the power supply system is in an open-loop control state.
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CN107246916B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2019-03-01 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of multi-modal excitation system for light stimulus thermal imagery non-destructive testing |
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CN113945857A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-18 | 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 | Detection device and method for switching power supply |
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