A kind of system and method preparing active carbon
Technical field
The invention belongs to Activated Carbon Production technical fields, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of systems for preparing active carbon
And method, it is especially a kind of to be suitble to giantreed, stalk, coconut husk etc. for raw material, by pyrolytic gasification prepare active carbon system and
Method.
Background technique
The biomass resource in China is very rich, generates about 6.5 hundred million tons of agricultural stalks every year, in addition fuel wood and forestry are useless
Gurry etc., 4.6 hundred million tons of standard coals of reduced energy, it is contemplated that will be added to 9.04 hundred million tons to the year two thousand fifty, be equivalent to more than 600,000,000 tons of standards
Coal.The annual forest consumptive material in China reaches 2.1 billion cubic meters, converts into the energy of 1.2 hundred million tons of standard coals.If however being by biomass
Raw material, can produce fuel-displaced, gas and solid carbon after being carbonized, and part substitutes the resources such as coal, oil, natural gas.But in order to true
Protect economic benefit, it is still desirable to develop process route mutually suitable to biomass pyrolytic.
For carbon containing substance at temperatures of some hundreds of degrees celsius by charing, reactivation can prepare active carbon.It is existing at present
Technology can convert biomass into active carbon.
Active carbon is one kind appearance made of contenting carbon material in black, internal pore structure prosperity, large specific surface area, suction
The strong a kind of microcrystalline carbon materials of attached ability.There are a large amount of invisible micropores in absorbent charcoal material.Active carbon is mainly used
In removing the pollutant in water, decoloration, filtration, purification liquid, gas, it is also used to the purified treatment to air, waste gas recovery (such as
To the recycling of gas " benzene " in chemical industry), the recycling of precious metal and refinement (such as absorption to gold), room air
In the volatilization gas suction-operated such as the polluted gas formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, the toluene that distribute it is preferable.It is pyrolyzed the charcoal that biomass generates
With highly developed pore structure and the surface negative charge added, but gap is very remote compared with the adsorption capacity of active carbon,
It is used as active carbon, needs further to activate.
It is blocked up however, existing currently with the system that biomass prepares active carbon and preparing active carbon leading portion pyrolytic process pipeline
Plug, is pyrolyzed the problems such as effect is poor at dust weight, and there is also prepare activated-carbon device energy consumption height, serious heat loss, prepare active carbon
Inferior problem, and toxic and harmful gas can be generated in process of production.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention propose it is a kind of pyrolysis oven and multi-stage oven are combined the system for preparing active carbon and
Method, the pyrolysis oil gas generated using gs-oil separator processing pyrolysis oven, is solved in pyrolytic process and line clogging, dust occurs
The problem of weight, pyrolysis effect difference, low energy consumption for whole system, heat waste is few, prevents the generation of toxic and harmful gas.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of system for preparing active carbon, comprising: pyrolysis oven, multi-stage oven, steam copper
Furnace and gs-oil separator;
The pyrolysis oven includes pyrolysis feed entrance, pyrolytic carbon outlet, pyrolysis oil gas vent, burner and rotatable Sheng
Sale at reduced prices, the burner includes fuel gas inlet, and the burner is located at the top of the pyrolysis oven, and the disk that holds is positioned at described
The bottom of pyrolysis oven;
The multi-stage oven includes pyrolytic carbon entrance, steam entry and active carbon outlet;
The steam boiler includes steam outlet;
The gs-oil separator includes pyrolysis oil gas entrance, pyrolysis gas outlet and pyrolytic behavior outlet;
The pyrolytic carbon outlet of the pyrolysis oven connects the pyrolytic carbon entrance of the multi-stage oven, the vapor of the steam boiler
Outlet connects the steam entry of the multi-stage oven, and the pyrolysis oil gas vent of the pyrolysis oven connects the heat of the gs-oil separator
Oil gas entrance is solved, the pyrolysis gas outlet of the gs-oil separator connects the fuel gas inlet of the burner.
Further, system of the invention further includes crusher, and the crusher includes that biomass inlet and biomass go out
Mouthful, the biomass outlet connects the pyrolysis feed entrance of the pyrolysis oven.
As preferred embodiments of the present invention, the burner includes multiple parallel and equally distributed heat accumulating type radiation
Pipe.Each heat accumulation type radiant tube internal-combustion atmosphere and the pyrolysis atmosphere in the pyrolysis oven burner hearth are completely separated.
Further, the system also includes oil water separator, the oil water separator includes pyrolytic behavior entrance, pyrolysis oil
Outlet and pyrolysis water out, the pyrolytic behavior outlet of the gs-oil separator connect the pyrolytic behavior entrance of the oil water separator.
Further, the steam boiler includes fuel inlet and water inlet, and the pyrolysis oil of the oil water separator goes out
Mouth connects the fuel inlet of the steam boiler, and the water that the pyrolysis water out of the oil water separator connects the steam boiler enters
Mouthful.
As the preferred embodiment of the invention, which further includes heater, and the heater includes steam entry
And steam outlet, the steam outlet of the steam boiler connect the steam entry of the heater, the heater
Steam outlet connects the steam entry of the multi-stage oven.Preferably, the heater is storage heater.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of methods for preparing active carbon using above system, comprising the following steps:
A, pyrolysis feed is sent into the pyrolysis oven and carries out pyrolysis processing, obtain pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis oil gas;
B, the pyrolytic carbon is sent into the multi-stage oven, provides vapor by the steam boiler, to the pyrolytic carbon into
Row activation, obtains active carbon;
C, the pyrolysis oil pneumatic transmission is entered the gs-oil separator to separate, obtains pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic behavior, it will be described
Pyrolysis gas is sent into the burner combustion of the pyrolysis oven.
As preferred embodiments of the present invention, is further comprised the steps of: before the step A and break process is carried out to biomass, obtained
Obtain pyrolysis feed.
Further, it is further comprised the steps of: after the step C and separates pyrolytic behavior feeding oil water separator,
Pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis water are obtained, the pyrolysis oil is sent into the steam boiler and is burnt, it will be described in pyrolysis water feeding
Steam boiler heating, obtains vapor.
Preferably, vapor feeding heater is heated in the step B, the vapor after heating is sent into
The multi-stage oven.
The system and method for preparing active carbon of the invention, solves that prepare in active carbon leading portion pyrolytic process pipeline stifled
Plug, dust weight, the problem for being pyrolyzed effect difference;It solves and prepares activated-carbon device energy consumption height, serious heat loss, prepares active carbon
Inferior problem;It solves using particle heat carrier, in the easy coking of particle surface when pyrolysis, particle separation is difficult, and particle exists
Difficult problem is transmitted between bed;Entire simple process, it is easy to operate, it can be ensured that the stability of operation, whole system prevent to have
Malicious pernicious gas generates;The pyrolysis gas that separation is obtained realizes heat confession as fuel supplied burner;Pyrolysis is effectively reduced
Tar content in charcoal, so that being conducive to subsequent multi-stage oven prepares active carbon.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the system schematic for preparing active carbon of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of preparation active carbon method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, a specific embodiment of the invention is described in more details, so as to energy
The advantages of enough more fully understanding the solution of the present invention and its various aspects.However, specific embodiments described below and implementation
Example is for illustrative purposes only, rather than limiting the invention.
Inventors have found that directly being carried out by using the pyrolysis oven of internal setting heat accumulation type radiant tube with existing multi-stage oven
Combination prepares active carbon, without being transformed to existing multi-stage oven, can send the pyrolytic carbon generated in pyrolysis oven at most
Section furnace carries out activation and generates active carbon.
As shown in Figure 1, on the one hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of system for preparing active carbon, comprising: crusher 100,
Pyrolysis oven 200, gs-oil separator 300, oil water separator 400, steam boiler 500, heater 600 and multi-stage oven 700.
The front end of pyrolysis oven is arranged in crusher 100, for biomass to be broken into the block material of suitable pyrolysis oven processing,
To guarantee that pyrolysis oven normally continuously runs and improves pyrolysis efficiency.Crusher 100 includes that biomass inlet 101 and biomass go out
Mouth 102.
Pyrolysis oven 200 includes pyrolysis feed entrance 201, pyrolytic carbon outlet 202, pyrolysis oil gas vent 203, burner 204
Disk 205 is held with rotatable.The top of pyrolysis oven 200 is arranged in pyrolysis feed entrance 201, the biomass outlet with crusher
102 connections.
More traditional using gas heat carrier or solid thermal carriers is compared as the pyrolytic reaction device of pyrolysis heat source, this hair
The pyrolysis oven of bright embodiment does not need setting preheating unit and carrier separative unit, can greatly simplify pyrolysis and priming reaction work
Skill process, to significantly reduce the failure rate of device.
The top of pyrolysis oven 200 is arranged in multiple pyrolysis oil gas vents 203.It can individually be opened according to the yield of pyrolysis oil gas
Some or multiple pyrolysis oil gas vents are opened, realizes the stabilization of pyrolysis oven furnace pressure during oil-producing gas.Entire pyrolysis oven uses
Water seal, pyrolysis oven pyrolysis feed entrance are sealed using two-stage Starlike valve, it is ensured that material carries out under oxygen-free atmosphere in entire burner hearth
Pyrolysis, while residence time of the pyrolysis gas in entire burner hearth being made to be more than 3s, it avoids generating dioxin-like chemical.
Burner 204 includes fuel gas inlet 206, and burner 204 is located at the top of pyrolysis oven 200, so as to pyrolysis feed
It is heated.It is pyrolyzed the top for being located at burner 204 on 203 vertical direction of oil gas vent.Burner 204 include it is multiple it is parallel simultaneously
And equally distributed heat accumulation type radiant tube.Pyrolysis in each heat accumulation type radiant tube internal-combustion atmosphere and the pyrolysis oven burner hearth
Atmosphere is completely separated, it is ensured that pyrolysis oil gas calorific value with higher, while effectively inhibiting the generation of toxic and harmful gas.
Due to using heat accumulation type radiant tube to provide heat source for pyrolytic process in pyrolysis oven 200, can be stored by adjusting being passed through
The flow of the combustion gas of hot type radiant tube realizes the accurate temperature controlling to pyrolytic process, and the heat accumulation type radiant tube can by
Quickly commutation and heat storage type combustion are realized in both ends, guarantee the uniformity in temperature field in biomass pyrolysis furnace, so as to significantly mention
High biomass pyrolytic efficiency.Normal temperature air temperature highest can be increased to 450 DEG C by regenerative radiant tube burner, while production of burning
Raw flue-gas temperature can be down to 120 DEG C or less.
Hold the bottom that disk 205 is located at pyrolysis oven 200.Disk 205 is held for holding pyrolysis feed, the disk that holds of rotation can
Guarantee the thermally equivalent of pyrolysis feed.Pyrolysis feed is opposite to hold that disk is stationary in pyrolytic process, avoids the production of flying dust
It is raw.
The pyrolysis oven of the embodiment of the present invention can solve using fraction solids Logistics when other pyrolysis installations with pyrolysis gas into
Entering pipeline and dust pelletizing system leads to the problem of blocking and dust weight, while the loss for solving solid can take away partial heat, lead
Pyrogenicity loses serious problem.Previous pyrolysis installation, residence time of the solid in pyrolysis installation is difficult to control, causes part hot
To solve charcoal also thoroughly pyrolysis can have more tar in pyrolytic carbon just from discharge port discharge, and tar exists for subsequent thermal
It solves charcoal activation and increases difficulty, reduce the specific surface area of active carbon.These problems are not present in the pyrolysis oven of the embodiment of the present invention.
Gs-oil separator 300 includes pyrolysis oil gas entrance 301, pyrolytic behavior outlet 302 and pyrolysis gas outlet 303.Pyrolysis oven
Pyrolysis oil gas vent 203 connect gs-oil separator be pyrolyzed oil gas entrance 301, gs-oil separator pyrolysis gas outlet 303 connect institute
State burner fuel gas inlet 206.Gs-oil separator 300 includes the devices such as indirect cooler, electrical tar precipitator and devulcanizer.Pyrolysis
The pyrolysis gas mixture of generation, heat can be provided for pyrolysis oven pyrolysis by obtaining pyrolysis gas burning by Oil-gas Separation.
Oil water separator 400 includes pyrolytic behavior entrance 401, pyrolysis oil export 402 and pyrolysis water out 403.Oil-gas Separation
302 connection oil water separator pyrolytic behavior entrance 401 of device pyrolytic behavior outlet.Activation is obtained instead by the way that oil water separator 400 is separable
Heat source oil needed for answering required gasifying agent and gasification supplies a large amount of heat sources and water without outer, and then can solve existing biology
The problem of matter preparation activated carbon system operating cost is high, complex process.
Steam boiler 500 includes fuel inlet 501, water inlet 502 and steam outlet 503.Oil water separator pyrolysis oil
402 connection steam boiler fuel inlet 501 of outlet, oil water separator are pyrolyzed water out 403 and connect steam boiler water inlet 502.
For steam boiler 500 with the pyrolysis oil heating pyrolysis water after separation, the vapor obtained after heating is sent into back segment by conveyance conduit.
Heater 600 includes steam entry 601 and steam outlet 602, and the connection of steam boiler steam outlet 503 adds
Hot device steam entry 601.Heater 600 is used to improve the temperature of vapor, saves the energy of multi-stage oven consumption.The present invention is real
It applies in example, heater 700 is storage heater.
Multi-stage oven 700 includes pyrolytic carbon entrance 701, steam entry 702 and active carbon outlet 703.Pyrolysis oven pyrolytic carbon
202 connection multi-stage oven pyrolytic carbon entrance 701 of outlet, heater steam outlet 602 connect multi-stage oven steam entry 702.It is more
Pyrolytic carbon can be activated by section furnace 700, to obtain active carbon.Inventors have found that by will be in biomass pyrolysis furnace
The pyrolytic carbon of the heat of generation is directly heat-fed to multistage furnace roof portion to react with vapor counter current contacting, can not only ensure that multi-stage oven is straight
It connects and prepares active carbon, and capacity usage ratio can be significantly improved, and be conducive to the steady of biomass preparation activated carbon system
It is qualitative.
On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing active carbon using above system,
The following steps are included:
1, it is crushed: biomass is sent into crusher, be broken into the particle that partial size is 2-50mm, obtain pyrolysis feed.
2, charging feedstock: pyrolysis feed is sent into pyrolysis oven, on holding disk, thickness of feed layer is material uniform distribution
100-200mm。
3, displacement and air-leakage test: ensuring entirely to prepare the unlatching of activated carbon system internal valves, and each equipment communicates, to
System one end is passed through a certain amount of nitrogen or vapor, and whole system is replaced, and exhausts air in system, shuts vent valve,
Ensure that the air-tightness of whole system is good.
4, it is pyrolyzed: pyrolysis feed being subjected to pyrolysis processing in pyrolysis oven, obtains pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis oil gas.
5, Oil-gas Separation: entering gs-oil separator for pyrolysis oil pneumatic transmission and separate, and obtains pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic behavior, will be pyrolyzed
Pneumatic transmission enters the burner combustion of pyrolysis oven.
6, water-oil separating: pyrolytic behavior feeding oil water separator is separated, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis water are obtained.
7, prepared by vapor: isolated pyrolysis water and pyrolysis oil being sent into steam boiler, filled with pyrolysis oil direct combustion
It sets and pyrolysis water is heated, 180 DEG C of Low pressure steam is made.
8, vapor preheats: obtained vapor being passed through in heater and is exchanged heat, steam temperature is increased to 700
~900 DEG C, reach reaction temperature needed for multi-stage oven activates.
9, it prepares active carbon: the vapor after pyrolytic carbon and heating being sent into multi-stage oven, pyrolytic carbon is activated, is obtained
Active carbon.
Embodiment 1
Using biomass as raw material, active carbon is prepared using the system that biomass prepares active carbon, steps are as follows:
(1) 5 tons of giantreeds are subjected to break process, obtain the following pyrolysis feed of partial size 20mm;
(2) pyrolysis feed feeding pyrolysis oven is pyrolyzed, on holding disk, thickness of feed layer is material uniform distribution
150mm;It is about 550 DEG C that pyrolysis, which obtains pyrolytic carbon temperature, and pyrolysis oil temperature degree is about 600 DEG C, and the pyrolytic carbon of generation is sent into multistage
Furnace;
(3) pyrolysis oil pneumatic transmission is entered in gs-oil separator to separate, to obtain clean pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic behavior;
(4) it burns in pyrolysis gas feeding burner that will be isolated, burner uses heat-storage type burner, can incite somebody to action
Normal temperature air temperature highest is increased to 400 DEG C, while the flue-gas temperature for generation of burning can be down to 110 DEG C;
(5) isolated pyrolytic behavior is sent into oil water separator and is separated, obtain pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis water respectively;
(6) pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis water are sent into steam boiler, are that pyrolysis water heat supply obtains vapor with pyrolysis oil direct combustion;
(7) obtained vapor is passed through in rotary preheater and is exchanged heat, the water vapor gas temperature after preheating is 800
DEG C or so, it is sent into multi-stage oven;
(8) pyrolytic carbon that the vapor and step (2) that will be obtained in step (7) obtain is in the reverse haptoreaction of multi-stage oven
Active carbon is made, multi-stage oven reaction temperature is controlled at 850 DEG C;
Process of the present invention can be operated stably for a long period of time, and the production of active product char is made in obtained above-mentioned biomass
Rate and main character are shown in Table 1.
1 data result of table
It should be noted that each embodiment above by reference to described in attached drawing is only to illustrate the present invention rather than limits this
The range of invention, those skilled in the art should understand that, it is right under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
The modification or equivalent replacement that the present invention carries out, should all cover within the scope of the present invention.In addition, signified unless the context
Outside, the word occurred in the singular includes plural form, and vice versa.In addition, unless stated otherwise, then any embodiment
All or part of in combination with any other embodiment all or part of come using.