CN106501195B - Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient - Google Patents
Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106501195B CN106501195B CN201610896770.8A CN201610896770A CN106501195B CN 106501195 B CN106501195 B CN 106501195B CN 201610896770 A CN201610896770 A CN 201610896770A CN 106501195 B CN106501195 B CN 106501195B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lake
- water
- absorption coefficient
- tli
- suspended particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient, measure nutrition-enriched water of lake suspended particulate substance absorption coefficient a at wave band 440nmp(440)；Construct ap(440) and after the relational model of lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index TLI, a is established based on according to TLI index rangep(440) the lake trophic status criteria for classifying.Lake eutrophication evaluation is carried out using method of the invention, the measurement of cumbersome nitrogen, phosphorus recycling and algae bio amount is not needed to carry out, only Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient at 440nm, which need to be measured, can be realized the Fast Evaluation and Type division of lake eutrophication, operation is simple, it is low in cost, it is easy to spread, and Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient can measure in situ.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental science and monitoring technical fields, are related to a kind of Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication, specifically then
It is development, the invention discloses a kind of, and the Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient carries out lake
Moor the method that eutrophication Fast Evaluation and Nst divide.
Background technique
Lake eutrophication essence is the accumulation due to nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient in lake and dissolved organic matter, shows as lake
Interior nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient too high levels, more than the self-purification capacity of lake body.The mankind ignore the natural law for the needs of economical production,
On the one hand industry, life and agricultural effluent are discharged to lake body by hydrologic processes such as rivers and canals, runoffs in the form of point, face source；It is another
Aspect takes various measures to destroy aquatic vegetation (aquaculture), diminution lake body again and carries out various works from net capacity, in littoral zone
Agricultural Activities (are such as enclosed tideland for cultivation, fill), to exacerbate lake eutrophication process.Under field conditions (factors), lake also can be from
Lean nutritional status is transitioned into eutrophic state, but this natural process is very slow.And work of the anthropogenic discharge containing nutriment
Water eutrophication caused by industry waste water and sanitary sewage can then occur in a short time.There is eutrophication in water body
When, planktonic algae mass propagation forms the seriousness that the global freshwater resources of wawter bloom lack, has been subjected to world people from all walks of life
Extensive concern.Estimate according to the United Nations, the area of water shortage will be lived in the population of the nearly half of the world in 2025.At me
State, on the one hand, the threat that the supply of the freshwater resources in most cities and area has been destroyed by water quality deterioration and aquatic ecosystem.
The section in 1/3 or more the whole nation is contaminated, and 90% or more urban waters are seriously polluted, and nearly 50% key cities water head site is not inconsistent
Close drinking water standard；On the other hand, cause aquatic ecosystem broken using agriculture chemical and soil erosion etc. due to unreasonable
Bad, limnobios resource is on the hazard.It is nearest that the survey showed that, in 67, China Main Lakes, only nearly 20% lake
Moor water quality preferably (II-III class), 80% or more lake is contaminated (the bad V class of IV-), the situation very severe of water pollution.
Therefore, how efficiently and quickly to monitor and evaluate lake eutrophication be carry out lake eutrophication Forming Mechanism and
The premise and key of prevention and control.Have the monitoring method of lake eutrophication state at present: (1) traditional layouted based on ground is adopted
Then the method for physically or chemically analyzing measurement of sample and (2) are integrated using remote sensing technology estimation related nutritional state index
Calculate lake eutrophication state indices.First method passes through total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, transparency, change in measurement water body
The parameters such as oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are learned to calculate its eutrophication status index, then divide lake trophic status type.It is this
Method needs to carry out the measurement of a large amount of water quality parameters, time-consuming and laborious, with high costs, and water quality parameter continuous mode is to need to make
With a large amount of chemical reagent, itself to water environment with regard to harmful.Further, since the parameter that this method needs largely all needs
It to be completed in experimental determination, lead to that lake eutrophication evaluation can be completed in situ currently without a kind of instrument；Second of benefit
It is not popularized with the method for remote sensing, is primarily due to lack and determine between water body in lake optical parameter and eutrophic state
Magnitude relation model.Although the current lake eutrophication research in China occupies consequence, lake eutrophication in the world
Evaluation method still borrow in the world it is traditional based on the water quality parameters such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, transparency building battalion
Support state indices.In order to further push the Forming Mechanism of China's lake eutrophication, prevent and treat the research of theory and method, urgently
Need to develop a kind of evaluation method of accurate, easy, quick, cheap and free of contamination lake eutrophication.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is to establish one kind quickly to comment based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient progress lake eutrophication
The method of valence and classification suitable for the lake of Different Nutrition degree, while not needed using any chemical reagents, operating method letter
Just, low in cost, easy to spread and application.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
(1) nutrition-enriched water of lake suspended particulate substance absorption coefficient a at wave band 440nm is measured using conventional methodp
(440)；
(2) above-mentioned Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient a is utilizedp(440), lake trophic status is carried out with following standard
It divides:
ap(440)<0.10m-1For poor nutrition；
0.10m-1≤ap(440)≤0.78m-1For middle nutrition；
ap(440)>0.78m-1For eutrophy；
Wherein, 0.78m-1<ap(440)≤2.15m-1For slight eutrophy, 2.15m-1<ap(440)≤5.91m-1For moderate
Eutrophy, ap(440)>5.91m-1For severe eutrophy.
The present invention passes through to nearly 375 number of samples in 3 lakes of national Different Nutrition degree it is found by researches that water body suspends
There are extremely significant positive correlations for absorption coefficient and lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index at 440nm for particulate matter, can be used for lake richness
The evaluation of nutrient laden and Type division, by being based on Different Nutrition degree lake total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, transparency and water body
The measurement of suspended particulate substance absorption coefficient constructs Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient and lake comprehensive nutrient shape at 440nm
The relational model of state index leads to ap(440) measurement and threshold determination, which are realized, quickly calculates lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index and draws
Divide Lake Trophic Types.
Suspended Particles in Water above-mentioned absorption coefficient a at wave band 440nmp(440) refer to lake comprehensive nutrient state
The relational model building mode of number TLI is specific as follows:
(1) measurement for carrying out Different Nutrition degree lake total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, transparency, is adopted according to conventional method
Lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index is calculated with following formula:
In formula: TLI is lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index；WjFor the associated weight of the eutrophication status index of jth kind parameter,
Wherein the weight of chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and transparency is respectively 0.326,0.219,0.230,0.225；TLI (j) is jth
The eutrophication status index of kind parameter, calculating formula are as follows:
TLI (Chla)=10 (2.5+1.0861nChla) (2)
TLI (TP)=10 (9.436+1.6241nTP) (3)
TLI (TN)=10 (5.453+1.6941nTN) (4)
TLI (SD)=10 (5.118-1.941nSD) (5)
In formula: Chla is chlorophyll-a concentration；TP is total phosphorus concentration；TN is total nitrogen concentration；SD is water transparency.
(2) spectrophotometer is utilized, according to existing method, measures Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient；
(3) Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient a at 440nm is constructedp(440) with lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index
Relational model (Fig. 1), by Suspended Particles in Water at 440nm absorption coefficient ap(440) measurement can quickly calculate lake
Comprehensive Trophic Level Index, formula are
TLI=9.77*ln [ap(440)]+52.47(R2=0.87, n=354, p < 0.005) (6)
(4) according to the existing lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index TLI criteria for classifying, using Suspended Particles in Water in 440nm
Locate absorption coefficient ap(440) Lake Trophic Types are divided, the criteria for classifying are as follows:
ap(440)<0.10m-1For poor nutrition；0.10m-1≤ap(440)≤0.78m-1For middle nutrition；ap(440)>0.78m-1
For eutrophy, wherein 0.78m-1<ap(440)≤2.15m-1For slight eutrophy, 2.15m-1<ap(440)≤5.91m-1For moderate
Eutrophy, ap(440)>5.91m-1For severe eutrophy.
Advantages of the present invention and the utility model has the advantages that
(1) carry out the calculating of Lakes in Nutrition index and nutritive salt using total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and transparency with traditional
Type division is different, and the method for the present invention does not need measurement total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and transparency, therefore does not need to disappear
The cumbersome experimentations such as solution, extraction are saved chemical reagent and are used, reduce pollutant without any chemical reagents are used
Discharge, protects environment.
(2) measurement of Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient only needs 1 filter membrane, and cost of determination substantially reduces；
Continuous mode is the absorbance of the scanning feature wavelength on spectrophotometer, and operation is very easy, quick, and half an hour can be complete
At unlike the measurement of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll a needs even 2-3 days a few hours, (chlorophyll-a concentration measurement generally requires cold
It could be measured after freezing 48 h).
(3) present invention is abundant and has developed calculating and the division side of lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index and Nst
Method can be widely applied to the research of different type lake lake eutrophication evaluation, will deepen the basis of lake eutrophication
The research of theoretical and Control Technology.
Below with reference to specific implementation case, the present invention will be described in detail.Protection scope of the present invention is not with specific real
The mode of applying is limited, but is defined in the claims.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is absorption coefficient and the tradition at 440nm of the Suspended Particles in Water based on the building of Different Nutrition state lake
The relationship of eutrophication status index.
Specific embodiment
Below using China's Different Nutrition state lake result as example, this method is described further.It is directed within 2014
The Taihu Lake of Different Nutrition state, Thousand-Island Lake, Tianmu Lake carry out more than 10 times field sampling, construct Suspended Particles in Water in 440nm
Locate the relationship of absorption coefficient and traditional comprehensive Trophic Level Index.
Fig. 1 be the Suspended Particles in Water that construct based on Different Nutrition state lake 440nm at absorption coefficient with it is traditional
The relationship of comprehensive Trophic Level Index.From fig. 1, it can be seen that comprehensive based on the lake that total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and transparency calculate
For absorption coefficient there are extremely significant positive correlation, reflection is outstanding using water body at 440nm for eutrophication status index and Suspended Particles in Water
Floating particles object absorption coefficient at 440nm carries out the credibility and accuracy of lake eutrophication evaluation.
The method of the present invention specific steps are as follows:
(1) carry out Suspended Particles in Water Measurement of Absorption using existing method: utilizing Whatman company GF/F filter membrane
Then filtering scans 300-800nm absorbance on spectrophotometer, its spectral absorptance is calculated.
(2) lake can be estimated according to following relational model using Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient at 440nm
It moors comprehensive Trophic Level Index (Fig. 1):
TLI=9.77*ln [ap(440)]+52.47(R2=0.87, n=354, p < 0.005) (6)
TLI is lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index, a in formulap(440) system is absorbed at 440nm for Suspended Particles in Water
Number.
(3) Lake Trophic Types are divided using Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient at 440nm, the criteria for classifying
Are as follows: ap(440)<0.10m-1For poor nutrition；0.10m-1≤ap(440)≤0.78m-1For middle nutrition；ap(440)>0.78m-1For richness
Nutrition, wherein 0.78m-1<ap(440)≤2.15m-1For slight eutrophy, 2.15m-1<ap(440)≤5.91m-1For moderate richness battalion
It supports, ap(440)>5.91m-1For severe eutrophy.
Embodiment 1
According to the method for the present invention, using Suspended Particles in Water at 440nm absorption coefficient, estimate Tianmu Lake comprehensive nutrient
State indices, and compared with being calculated according to conventional method and obtaining comprehensive Trophic Level Index value (table 1).It counts according to the method for the present invention
Obtained Tianmu Lake comprehensive water-body eutrophication status index and nutrition grade, estimated value and corresponding error are as shown in table 1 below:
1 present invention of table is in Tianmu Lake applicating evaluating result
The parameter of analyzing water body comprehensive Trophic Level Index computational accuracy be comprehensive water-body eutrophication status index measured value with
The average relative error APD and root-mean-square error RMS, calculation formula of model calculation value are as follows:
Wherein, n is water body number of samples, HiFor the model calculation value of i-th of water body sample, HmiFor i-th of water body sample
Measured value.
Through examining, average relative error APD=6% that the present invention is applied in Tianmu Lake；Root mean square misses RMS=4.55, should
Model is suitble to the estimation of Tianmu Lake comprehensive water-body eutrophication status index and precision is higher.
Embodiment 2
According to the method for the present invention, using Suspended Particles in Water at 440nm absorption coefficient, estimate Thousand-Island Lake comprehensive nutrient
State indices, and compared with being calculated according to conventional method and obtaining comprehensive Trophic Level Index value (table 2).It counts according to the method for the present invention
Obtained Thousand-Island Lake comprehensive water-body eutrophication status index and nutrition grade, estimated value and corresponding error are as shown in table 2 below:
2 present invention of table is in Thousand-Island Lake applicating evaluating result
Through examining, average relative error APD=9% that the present invention is applied in Thousand-Island Lake；Root mean square misses RMS=4.23, should
Model is suitble to the estimation of Thousand-Island Lake comprehensive water-body eutrophication status index and precision is higher.
Embodiment 3
According to the method for the present invention, using Suspended Particles in Water at 440nm absorption coefficient, estimate Taihu Lake comprehensive nutrient shape
State index, and compared with being calculated according to conventional method and obtaining comprehensive Trophic Level Index value (table 3).It calculates according to the method for the present invention
Obtained Taihu Lake water body comprehensive Trophic Level Index and nutrition grade, estimated value and corresponding error are as shown in table 3 below:
3 present invention of table is in Taihu Lake applicating evaluating result
Through examining, average relative error APD=3% that the present invention is applied in Thousand-Island Lake；Root mean square misses RMS=2.79, should
Model is suitble to the estimation of Taihu Lake water body comprehensive Trophic Level Index and precision is higher.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient, which is characterized in that including such as
Lower step:
(1) nutrition-enriched water of lake suspended particulate substance absorption coefficient a at wave band 440nm is measuredp(440)；
Construct water body in lake suspended particulate substance absorption coefficient ap(440) the relationship mould between the comprehensive Trophic Level Index TLI of lake
Type, mode are as follows:
A. lake total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, transparency are measured, lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index is calculated using following formula:
In formula: TLI is lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index；WjFor the associated weight of the eutrophication status index of jth kind parameter, wherein
Chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and transparency weight be respectively 0.326,0.219,0.230,0.225；TLI (j) is jth seed ginseng
Several eutrophication status index, calculation formula are as follows:
TLI (Chla)=10 (2.5+1.0861nChla) (2)
TLI (TP)=10 (9.436+1.6241nTP) (3)
TLI (TN)=10 (5.453+1.6941nTN) (4)
TLI (SD)=10 (5.118-1.941nSD) (5)
In formula: Chla is chlorophyll-a concentration；TP is total phosphorus concentration；TN is total nitrogen concentration；SD is water transparency；
B. Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient is measured；
C. Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient a at 440nm is constructedp(440) with the pass of lake comprehensive Trophic Level Index TLI
It is model, as follows:
TLI=9.77*ln [ap(440)]+52.47 R2=0.87, n=354, p < 0.005 (6)
(2) above-mentioned Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient a is utilizedp(440), lake trophic status is divided with following standard:
ap(440)<0.10m-1For poor nutrition；
0.10m-1≤ap(440)≤0.78m-1For middle nutrition；
ap(440)>0.78m-1For eutrophy；
Wherein, 0.78m-1<ap(440)≤2.15m-1For slight eutrophy, 2.15m-1<ap(440)≤5.91m-1For moderate richness battalion
It supports, ap(440)>5.91m-1For severe eutrophy.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein nutrition-enriched water of lake suspended particulate substance absorption coefficient is surveyed
Determine method are as follows: utilize Whatman company GF/F membrane filtration water body, 300-800nm extinction is then scanned on spectrophotometer
Degree, is calculated its spectral absorptance.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610896770.8A CN106501195B (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610896770.8A CN106501195B (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106501195A CN106501195A (en) | 2017-03-15 |
| CN106501195B true CN106501195B (en) | 2019-10-25 |
Family
ID=58294122
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610896770.8A Active CN106501195B (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106501195B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107449883B (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏省环境监测中心 | Technical method for evaluating ecological health of lake and reservoir water |
| CN108614086A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A method of evaluation lake eutrophication |
| CN111489080A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-04 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Method for representing reducing substance quantity of lake and reservoir water body by CDOM absorption |
| CN111863142B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2021-02-05 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Lake nutrition state evaluation method and application thereof |
| CN113111294B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-09-13 | 天津天滨瑞成环境技术工程有限公司 | Water body nutrition evaluation method based on algae diversity index |
| CN114624152B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-12 | 生态环境部长江流域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心 | Method for testing organic carbon source of water body particles and related equipment |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002000286A (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-08 | Canon Inc | Method for biologically producing polyhydroxyalkanoate particle controlled in particle size |
| CN102128776A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-07-20 | 无锡荣兴科技有限公司 | Method for detecting alga and coloured dissolved organic matters by adopting flow cytometry |
| CN103604423A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-26 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Remote-sensing wild automatic monitoring system and method for shallow lakes |
| CN104132901A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-11-05 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Method for improving absorption and determination precision of suspended particulate matters in water body |
-
2016
- 2016-10-13 CN CN201610896770.8A patent/CN106501195B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002000286A (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-08 | Canon Inc | Method for biologically producing polyhydroxyalkanoate particle controlled in particle size |
| CN102128776A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-07-20 | 无锡荣兴科技有限公司 | Method for detecting alga and coloured dissolved organic matters by adopting flow cytometry |
| CN103604423A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-26 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Remote-sensing wild automatic monitoring system and method for shallow lakes |
| CN104132901A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-11-05 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Method for improving absorption and determination precision of suspended particulate matters in water body |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| "千岛湖水体悬浮颗粒物吸收特性及其典型季节差异";王明珠等;《环境科学》;20140730;第35卷(第7期);第2528-2538页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106501195A (en) | 2017-03-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106501196B (en) | A kind of Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on water body absorption coefficient | |
| CN106501195B (en) | Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on Suspended Particles in Water absorption coefficient | |
| Wang et al. | Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication assessment in the Bohai Sea of China | |
| Gikuma-Njuru et al. | Spatial variability of nutrient concentrations, fluxes, and ecosystem metabolism in Nyanza Gulf and Rusinga Channel, Lake Victoria (East Africa) | |
| Qiu et al. | Assessment of the benthic ecological status in the adjacent waters of Yangtze River Estuary using marine biotic indices | |
| Li et al. | Assessing the potential to use CDOM as an indicator of water quality for the sediment-laden Yellow river, China | |
| Milbrandt et al. | Evidence for the production of marine fluorescent dissolved organic matter in coastal environments and a possible mechanism for formation and dispersion | |
| Rodrigues et al. | Temporal assessment of the water quality along an urban estuary (Tagus estuary, Portugal) | |
| CN106248600A (en) | Methods of Assessment for Water Entrophication based on chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorptance | |
| Thasneem et al. | Water quality status of Cochin estuary, India | |
| Cereja et al. | Tidal and physicochemical effects on phytoplankton community variability at Tagus Estuary (Portugal) | |
| Shefat et al. | Assessment of physico-chemical properties of the pasur river estuarine water | |
| Shekha et al. | Assessment of water quality and trophic status of Duhok Lake Dam | |
| Zhang et al. | Effects of tidal variations on total nitrogen concentration, speciation, and exchange flux in the Shuidong Bay coastal water, South China Sea | |
| Duplá | Characterization of cDOM in the Elkhorn Slough estuary using EEM spectroscopy and its potential for macrophyte monitoring | |
| CN108562708B (en) | Phytoplankton integrity index-based river water quality evaluation method | |
| CN105116127A (en) | Method for evaluating drainage basin nutrient salt pollution degree | |
| Wang et al. | Longitudinal differences of phytoplankton community during a period of small water level fluctuations in a subtropical reservoir bay (Xiangxi Bay, Three Gorges Reservoir, China) | |
| Ghorbani et al. | Evaluation of effects of physico-chemical factors on chlorophyll-a in Shadegan International Wetland-Khouzestan Province-Iran | |
| Öztürk et al. | Effects of mucilage on the optical properties of water column in the Sea of Marmara | |
| Khattab et al. | Secchi disc visibility and its relationship with water quality parameters in the photosynthesis zone of Mosul Dam Lake, Northern Iraq. | |
| Tan et al. | Trophic status of tributary bay aggregate and their relationships with basin characteristics in a Large, subtropical dendritic Reservoir, China | |
| Ławniczak | Long-term changes in water quality and ecological status of lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone with special reference to effectiveness of the lakes’ protection | |
| Berti et al. | Analysis of a comprehensive monthly dataset on nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in the Venice lagoon waters (Italy) | |
| Avakul et al. | Spatio-temporal variations in water quality of the Chao Phraya River, Thailand, between 1991 and 2008 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |