CN106500781A - A kind of flow measurement device and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of flow measurement device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106500781A CN106500781A CN201710017686.9A CN201710017686A CN106500781A CN 106500781 A CN106500781 A CN 106500781A CN 201710017686 A CN201710017686 A CN 201710017686A CN 106500781 A CN106500781 A CN 106500781A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003722 extracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011326 mechanical measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of flow measurement device and measuring method, constitute including storage container, electrode, electrode outlet line, capacitance measurement and output unit, fluidic interface;Capacitance measurement and output unit produce the signal of telecommunication input electrode of certain frequency, using the principle that there is capacity effect between the electrode of mutually insulated, interelectrode electric capacity in measurement liquid, obtain interelectrode amount of liquid, actual liquid amount of storage is obtained in conjunction with container shapes, in conjunction with variable quantity and pace of change that time change is calculated liquid, the purpose of measurement inflow and outflow vessel liquid flow indirectly is reached;Present invention measurement flow accuracy is high, and cumulative errors are low, and measurement micrometeor is more accurate, and dynamic range is big, and anti-current stroke ability is strong, it is allowed to use under the various maximum conditions such as super high-low temperature, super high and super low pressure, vacuum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flow measurement technology field, more particularly to a kind of flow measurement device and measuring method.
Background technology
The measurement of fluid flow is widely used automatic control technology, flow measurement technology have mechanical type measuring method,
Pressure sensitive method, ultrasonic Method for Measuring etc., every kind of measuring method respectively have quality, every kind of measurement apparatus also to have different use ranges
With adaptation environment.Such as Mechanical measurement installation cost is low, and processing technology is ripe, but micro-flow measurement precision is low, the punching of anti-current amount
Hit ability weak, reliability when big flow is impacted is low suddenly encountering;Ultrasound wave, inductive measuring mode are to extremely low flow measurement
Precision is low, when being mixed with gas in a liquid, it is impossible to avoid the cumulative errors for measuring, essence in the measuring environment for needing extremely low flow
Degree is not enough.
In some environments, such as flow dynamics scope greatly, when high pressure, high temperature, vacuum, ultra micro flow, with
Upper flow-measuring method cannot meet requirement, and a lot of fields need one kind to adapt to special environment, meet Larger Dynamic scope, high
With high-acruracy survey under the conditions of extremely low flow and pulse flow, and the flow measurement device of cumulative errors is as far as possible reduced.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of certainty of measurement is high, cumulative errors are very low, and micro-flow measurement is more accurate, measurement
Dynamic range is big, and anti-current stroke ability is strong, it is allowed under high/low temperature, high-low pressure, vacuum, the various extreme environmental conditions such as explosion-proof
The flow measurement device for using and measuring method.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that:Survey including storage container, electrode, electrode outlet line, electric capacity
Amount and output unit, fluidic interface composition;Liquid in containers can free in and out interelectrode space, measured flow for flowing into or
The flow of trickle interface;Method is:Capacitance measurement and output unit produce the signal of telecommunication input electrode of certain frequency, utilize
There is capacity effect between the electrode of mutually insulated and capacity effect changes and the principle of change with amount of substance between electrode, pass through
Interelectrode capacity effect in measurement liquid, obtains liquid in container in interelectrode amount, obtains in container in conjunction with container shapes
Liquid actual storage amount, in conjunction with variable quantity and pace of change that time change is calculated amount of liquid, reaches indirect measurement stream
Enter or flow container fluid flow purpose.
Beneficial effects of the present invention include:
1st, certainty of measurement is higher, and measurement cumulative errors are little, are more suitable for micrometeor accurate measurement:Become by measuring liquid total capacity
Change indirectly measurement flow, therefore, it can to perceive very small flow, and cumulative errors still can be with after long-time is measured
Ignore;
2nd, the multiple extreme environment such as High Temperature High Pressure, vacuum is adapted to:Sheet is new not to produce directly contact with liquid in structure, because
This adapts to the Special use environment such as various temperature, pressure, vacuum, adapts to rocket fuel, vehicle fuel, liquefied gas, high pressure
The all liq flow measurement such as water;
3rd, measurement dynamic range is big:This is new without mechanical moving element, and fluidic interface does not need slype, so adapting to
Extremely low flow and the pulse flow operating mode of conversion of high flow moment;
4th, operating power consumption is low;The micro signal of telecommunication test inter-electrode capacitance change of this new use, without the need for more multiple-energy-source, uses
Energy consumption is extremely low;
5th, safe and reliable, sturdy and durable:This new structure is simple, and easy to manufacture obtains very firm and not direct with liquid
Contact, does not produce the dangerous matter sources such as electric spark, more safely and reliably can apply in highly dangerous, the occasion such as inflammable, explosive.
In sum, the present invention preferably can measure fluid flow under various extreme conditions, and especially accurate measurement is micro-
Low discharge, cumulative errors are little, adapt to extreme environment and extreme working condition, and measurement dynamic range is big, is that one kind is especially suitable for
The measurement apparatus of high-precision flow measurement, can be widely applied to highly pressurised liquid perfusion, steel cylinder stress test, spacecraft fuel
The occasions such as measurement, automobile oil mass measurement.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6:Respectively different embodiments of the invention structural representation
Specific embodiment
Below by way of drawings and Examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.
As shown in figure 1, device in the present invention by:Storage container 101, electrode 102, electrode outlet line 103, capacitance measurement
And several parts compositions such as output unit 104, fluidic interface 105;
Wherein storage container 101, for storing quantity of fluid to be measured, inside is coupled with flow rate test end by fluidic interface 105, appearance
In device 101 store quantity of fluid to be measured, passed in and out by fluidic interface 105 in measurement process, fluidic interface can with more than one,
The flow of present invention measurement is the net flow for passing in and out container in real time.
Electrode 102 is made up of at least two single electrodes, has certain space and mutually insulated, electrode 102 between electrode 102
Between space communicate with storage container, quantity of fluid to be measured can be freely accessible to the space between electrode 102, and electrode is exhausted with liquid phase
Edge.
Capacitance measurement and output unit 104 produce the signal of telecommunication of certain frequency and waveform, connect through lead-out wire 103 respectively
Electrode 102 is arrived, in order to the capacity effect between measuring electrode, and the capacitance that capacity effect embodies output signal is converted into;
Liquid, gas in container between electrode 102 or space constitute the electrolyte between electrode, wherein liquid, gas or sky
Between wait different material or space to produce different capacity effects with different electrolyte properties;
The measurement signal of telecommunication of introducing loads on each electrode of electrode 102, is electric capacity in order to the capacity effect between real-time measuring electrode
Amount and its change, by the electric capacitance change between measuring electrode, obtain the change of amount of liquid between electrode, and then pass through electrode interstitial fluid
The scale of construction and structure of container and the relation of volume, obtain the situation of change of liquid in container amount of storage, liquid storage amount are changed feelings
Condition binding time, realizes flow measurement.
Combined according to the different structure of electrode structure and storage container, the present invention there are various embodiments, including but not limited to
Set forth below.
A kind of constructive embodiment of embodiment 1, storage container 101 and electrode 102 is as shown in Figure 1:Electrode parcel is covered
In 101 surface of storage container, or constitute container casing, mutually insulated between electrode, quantity of fluid to be measured be located at container 101 in, with
When be located at electrode between.
A kind of constructive embodiment of embodiment 2, storage container 101 and electrode 102 is:Electrode adheres to or is covered in storage and holds
101 inwall of device, mutually insulated between electrode, quantity of fluid to be measured are located in container, between electrode.
Embodiment 3, electrode 102 a kind of constructive embodiment as shown in Figure 2:Electrode 102 is in inside container 101, electrode
Space between 102 is connected with 101 inner space of container, it is allowed to which the liquid in container 101 is flowed freely into and flowed out;Electrode 102
Journey arc shape, cambered surface female are opposite, mutually insulated between electrode.
Embodiment 4, electrode 102 a kind of constructive embodiment as shown in Figure 3:Electrode 102 is in inside container 101, electrode
Space between 102 is connected with 101 inner space of container, it is allowed to which the liquid in container 101 is flowed freely into and flowed out;Each electrode
It is distributed in parallel plane mode, mutually insulated between electrode.
Embodiment 5, electrode 102 a kind of constructive embodiment as shown in Figure 4:Container 101 is omitted in figure, at electrode 102
Inside container 101, the space between electrode 102 is connected with 101 inner space of container, it is allowed to the liquid freedom in container 101
Flow in and out;Electrode 102 is the column structure of en tee section, is distributed in a symmetrical, mutually insulated between electrode.
Embodiment 6, electrode 102 a kind of constructive embodiment as shown in Figure 5:Container 101 be cylindrical structure, electrode 102
Cylindrical structure is all, one of electrode is overlapped with the round outer wall of container cylinder, outside the circle of another electrode and cylinder
Wall electrode is distributed in concentric structure, and mutually insulated between electrode, the space between electrode 102 are connected with 101 inner space of container
Logical, it is allowed to which that the liquid in container 101 is flowed freely into and flowed out.
Embodiment 7, electrode 102 a kind of constructive embodiment as shown in Figure 6:Electrode 102 is the cylindrical hollow-core construction of cylinder,
Electrode is distributed with concentric circular fashion, mutually insulated between electrode;Space between electrode 102 is connected with 101 inner space of container,
The liquid in container 101 is allowed to flow freely into and flow out, container 101 can have variously-shaped.
The change of 102 amount of liquid of electrode needs shape and structure with reference to container 101, is converted into liquid storage total amount
Change, binding time are converted into flow again.
A kind of method of measurement flow:
Principle:Between capacitance electrode, medium species determines electric medium constant, for same media, when electrode size, distance, structure solid
In the case of fixed, the quantity of electric contrasted between solid dielectric is directly proportional to electric capacitance change.The change of the capacitance of certain time in measurement container
Change amount and pace of change, with full medium and empty medium when capacitance compared with, can be calculated in certain time between electrode
Medium amount number and pace of change, binding time change can learn the variable quantity of medium in container, this variable quantity and stream
Enter the amount of liquid equivalent with flow container, in this, as the method for flow measurement.
Specific as follows:
According to capacitance equation:(Formula 1)
Wherein electric capacity C, polar plate area A, apart from d, DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε;
From above capacitance equation, for fixed structure, polar plate area A and apart from d certain in the case of, electric capacity C and Jie
Electric constant ε is directly proportional.Different media has different dielectric constants, when fixing container storage liquid dielectric, electrode structure
In the case of fixation, if container is ε in dielectric constant under full dummy status0, capacitance be C0;When container has liquid between pole plate
Dielectric constant is εr, the capacitance under state that container is full up is Cr.As a example by shown in Fig. 5, container is inside and outside concentric cylindrical structure
In the case of, when pole plate is the circular surfaces of exterior circular column and inner cylinder, when liquid in container depth is x, pole plate highly is l(L
Small letter)When, the electric capacity Cx between pole plate is:
(formula 2)
If: ΔC=Cx– C0(Formula 3)
Formula 2 is substituted into, is obtained:
(Formula 4)
Because of ε0、εrThe known constant that can be measured in advance is, and container and plate dimensions are fixed, l and R, r are measurable fixation
Numerical value, according to formula 4, Δ C is directly proportional to x, therefore for the appearance that the change of liquid capacity V is proportional to liquid height x changes
Device, Δ C and real-time liquid capacity variation delta V=Vx-V0Also it is directly proportional.
According to formula 3, Δ C=Cx–C0=α(Vx-V0)(Formula 5)
Wherein, α be corresponding fixed container and particular liquid given value is measurable and computational constant, V is liquid capacity.Work as liquid
Capacity is space-time(V0), Cx= C0, when liquid capacity is expired(Vr)When, Cx= Cr;
Between empty pole plate capacitance C is measured in advance0, capacitance C between full capacitor platesr, full liquid in container amount Vr;And according to
Formula 5, with:
α= (Cr–C0)/(Vr–V0)(Formula 6)
It is calculated measurable and computational constant α of corresponding fixed container and particular liquid
C is measured in real timex, and by α for people's formula 5, Δ C/ α=(Cx–C0)/ α=(Vx-V0)
Then Δ V=(Vx-V0)= (Cx–C0)/ α (Formula 7)
Record time T and time variation amount Δ T, then flow:
Q=ΔV/ΔT=(Cx–C0)/ α/Δ T (formula 8)
According to principles above, the method and step embodiment one of flow is measured:
Using the change of the liquid capacity V container 101 proportional to liquid height x changes, according to change and the liquid of liquid capacity V
Body height x changes the electrode 102 that proportional direction arranges mutually insulated;
1. capacitance measurement and output unit 104 produce the signal of telecommunication of certain frequency and waveform, by 103 input electrode 102 of lead,
Capacitance between measuring electrode 102;
2. the capacitance between measuring electrode 102 is transformed to signal output by capacitance measurement and output unit 104;
3. 101 102 capacitances C of full dummy status bottom electrode of container are measured0, residual liquid capacity V in container 1010(If any), and
Recording liquid height X0;
4. 102 capacitances C of electrode when measurement container 101 fills with liquidr, fill with the capacity V of liquid in container 101r;
5. according to formula:α= (Cr–C0)/(Vr–V0)Computation and measurement constant α;
6. real-time measurement Cx, and record time T and time change Δ T;
7. according to formula:Q=ΔV/ΔT=(Cx–C0)/ α/Δ T, is calculated flow Q.
It is a kind of method and step of present invention measurement flow above.
In implementation process, can be changed according to principles above as follows:Because of the change from liquid capacity V and liquid height x
The proportional container of change, if container space-time, in container, remaining liquid height is X0, liquid residue amount is V0;If container is full,
Liquid in container is highly Xr, and amount of liquid is Vr;If during container measurement, container inner height is x, and amount of liquid is Vx;Then above public
Formula 6 can become and turn to:
β= (Cr–C0)/(Xr–X0)/V0(Formula 6.2)
Therefore the method and step embodiment two of flow are measured:
Using the change of the liquid capacity V container 101 proportional to liquid height x changes, according to change and the liquid of liquid capacity V
Body height x changes the electrode 102 that proportional direction arranges mutually insulated;
1. capacitance measurement and output unit 104 produce the signal of telecommunication of certain frequency and waveform, by 103 input electrode 102 of lead,
Capacitance between measuring electrode 102;
2. the capacitance between measuring electrode 102 is transformed to signal output by capacitance measurement and output unit 104;
3. 101 102 capacitances C of full dummy status bottom electrode of container are measured0, residual liquid capacity V in container 1010(If any), and
Recording liquid height X0;
4. 102 capacitances C of electrode when measurement container 101 fills with liquidr, fill with the capacity V of liquid in container 101r;
5. according to formula:β= (Cr–C0)/((Xr–X0)/X0)/V0Computation and measurement constant beta;
6. real-time measurement Cx, and record time T and time change Δ T;
7. according to formula:Q=ΔV/ΔT=(Cx–C0)/ β/Δ T, is calculated flow Q.
When container is irregular, step 5 or step 7 formula can be further added by coefficient and be modified, correct to be calculated
Volume change value.It is the embodiment of another kind of method and step of present invention measurement flow above, the method can be led in use
The liquid height that crosses in simply observation rule container judges that volume change and electronic measuring method are compared, and holds in real work
Easily fix a breakdown, and be conducive to calibrating.
The method and step embodiment three of measurement flow:
1. capacitance measurement and output unit 104 produce the signal of telecommunication of certain frequency and waveform, by 103 input electrode 102 of lead,
Capacitance between measuring electrode 102;
2. the capacitance between measuring electrode 102 is transformed to signal output by capacitance measurement and output unit 104;
3. 101 102 capacitances C of full dummy status bottom electrode of container are measured0, and recording liquid height X0;
4. 102 capacitances C of electrode when measurement container 101 fills with liquidr, fill with the capacity V of liquid in container 101r;
5. corresponding capacitance C of different liquid levels is measured by the above processx, and corresponding container capacity, and formation function
Table;
7. C is measured in use in real timex, and record time T and time change Δ T;
8. by CxFunction synopsis is compareed, and is checked in corresponding capacity, is obtained Δ V according to different time volume change, the corresponding time
Change Delta T, according to formula:Flow Q=Δ V/ Δs T is calculated and is arrived flow Q.
In the above example depth of the night, fitted vessel was in irregular shape, or the irregular situation in liquid in container present position.
In above method, the capacitance between measuring electrode 102 can be transformed to frequency by capacitance measurement and output unit 104
Signal output, strengthens long-distance transmissions interference free performance.
In above method, for the electric signal measurement interelectrode capacitance effect for how using different frequency and waveform, Yi Jiru
What carries out the conversion of capacitance and frequency, be most common rudimentary knowledge in electronics, any gains knowledge with basic electronics
Staff or student know its principle and engineering, are no longer described in this explanation, but related content belongs to the present invention
Protection domain.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more concrete and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some deformations and improvement can also be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Shield scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be defined by claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of flow measurement device, it is characterised in that:Device is by storage container 101, electrode 102, electrode outlet line 103, electricity
Hold measurement and output unit 104, fluidic interface 105 are constituted;
Coupled with flow rate test end by fluidic interface 105 inside the storage container 101;
The capacitance measurement and output unit 104 are coupled with electrode 102 respectively by electrode outlet line 103;
The electrode 102 is at least made up of the electrode of two mutually insulateds, has certain space between electrode, to be measured in container 101
Quantity of fluid can be freely accessible to the space between electrode, and electrode 102 is insulated with liquid phase.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:A kind of constructive embodiment of the electrode 102 is:Electrode is wrapped up
Or it is covered in 101 surface of storage container or inwall, or a part for composition storage container housing, electric electrode insulation, liquid to be measured
Body is in storage container 101.
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:A kind of constructive embodiment of the electrode 102 is:Electrode 102
Journey arc shape, cambered surface female are opposite, mutually insulated between electrode.
4. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:A kind of constructive embodiment of the electrode 102 is:Each electrode
It is distributed in parallel plane mode, mutually insulated between electrode.
5. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:A kind of embodiment of the electrode 102 and structure of container is:Electricity
Pole 102 is the column structure of en tee section, is distributed in a symmetrical, mutually insulated between electrode.
6. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:A kind of constructive embodiment of the electrode 102 for electrode 102 is
The cylindrical hollow-core construction of cylinder, electrode are distributed with concentric circular fashion, mutually insulated between electrode, the space and appearance between electrode 102
101 inner space of device is connected, it is allowed to which the liquid in container 101 is flowed freely into and flowed out.
7. a kind of measurement flow method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of:
1. capacitance measurement and output unit 104 produce the signal of telecommunication of certain frequency and waveform, by 103 input electrode 102 of lead,
Capacitance between measuring electrode 102;
2. the capacitance between measuring electrode 102 is transformed to signal output by capacitance measurement and output unit 104;
3. 101 102 capacitances C of full dummy status bottom electrode of container are measured0, residual liquid capacity V in container 1010(If any), and
Recording liquid height X0;
4. 102 capacitances C of electrode when measurement container 101 fills with liquidr, fill with the capacity V of liquid in container 101r;
5. according to formula:α= (Cr–C0)/(Vr–V0)Computation and measurement constant α;
6. real-time measurement Cx, and record time T and time change Δ T;
7. according to formula:Q=ΔV/ΔT=(Cx–C0)/ α/Δ T, is calculated flow Q.
8. a kind of measurement flow method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of:
1. capacitance measurement and output unit 104 produce the signal of telecommunication of certain frequency and waveform, by 103 input electrode 102 of lead,
Capacitance between measuring electrode 102;
2. the capacitance between measuring electrode 102 is transformed to signal output by capacitance measurement and output unit 104;
3. 101 102 capacitances C of full dummy status bottom electrode of container are measured0, residual liquid capacity V in container 1010(If any), and
Recording liquid height X0;
4. 102 capacitances C of electrode when measurement container 101 fills with liquidr, fill with the capacity V of liquid in container 101r;
5. according to formula:β= (Cr–C0)/((Xr–X0)/X0)/V0Computation and measurement constant beta;
6. real-time measurement Cx, and record time T and time change Δ T;
7. according to formula:Q=ΔV/ΔT=(Cx–C0)/ β/Δ T, is calculated flow Q.
9. a kind of measurement flow method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of:
1. capacitance measurement and output unit 104 produce the signal of telecommunication of certain frequency and waveform, by 103 input electrode 102 of lead,
Capacitance between measuring electrode 102;
2. the capacitance between measuring electrode 102 is transformed to signal output by capacitance measurement and output unit 104;
3. 101 102 capacitances C of full dummy status bottom electrode of container are measured0, and recording liquid height X0;
4. 102 capacitances C of electrode when measurement container 101 fills with liquidr, fill with the capacity V of liquid in container 101r;
5. corresponding capacitance C of different liquid levels is measured by the above processx, and corresponding container capacity, and formation function
Table;
7. C is measured in use in real timex, and record time T and time change Δ T;
8. by CxFunction synopsis is compareed, and is checked in corresponding capacity, is obtained Δ V according to different time volume change, anaplasia when corresponding
Change Δ T, according to formula:Flow Q=Δ V/ Δs T is calculated and is arrived flow Q.
10. a kind of measurement flow method, it is characterised in that:Capacitance measurement and output unit 104 can be by between measuring electrodes 102
Capacitance be transformed to frequency signal output.
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Cited By (3)
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CN109282866A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-29 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of high-precision gas micro-flowmeter and gas flow measurement method |
RU2803394C1 (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-09-12 | федеральное бюджетное учреждение "Научно-технический центр по ядерной и радиационной безопасности" (ФБУ "НТЦ ЯРБ") | Ultra-low flow meter |
CN117384741A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-01-12 | 上海晟燃生物科技有限公司 | Extracellular vesicle separation device |
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