CN106495762A - A kind of pig manure method for reducing pollutant emission and improving yield - Google Patents
A kind of pig manure method for reducing pollutant emission and improving yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN106495762A CN106495762A CN201610809864.7A CN201610809864A CN106495762A CN 106495762 A CN106495762 A CN 106495762A CN 201610809864 A CN201610809864 A CN 201610809864A CN 106495762 A CN106495762 A CN 106495762A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pig manure method for reducing pollutant emission and improving yield, including adding a certain amount of woody peat in pig manure, carries out aerobic compost process again after mixing, pig manure product is obtained.The inventive method has low cost, widely applicable, simple operation and other advantages, significantly reduce the discharge of dusty gass during pig manure, to the reduction of discharging rate of ammonia emission up to 63%, 89% can be reached to the reduction of discharging rate of hydrogen sulfide, 89% can be reached to the reduction of discharging rate of methane, while nutrient content in composting production can be improved, compost quality is improved, in addition the invention can also dramatically increase 23% compost yield, with promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture composting technology field, is more particularly to one kind and nurses one's health woody peat as pig manure
Agent, realizes reducing pollutant emission and improves the pig manure method of yield.
Background technology
With China's economy, the high speed development of society, Living consumption is improved rapidly, to meat, the demand of egg food
Also increase sharply.Currently, Animal Husbandry in China has been enter into a new developmental stage, is just turned from conventional animal husbandry to Modern Animal Husbandry
Become, Animal husbandry production level is improved constantly, and delivers within 2010 50 year for sale and above live pig large-scale cultivation proportion reaches 64.5%.
Livestock and poultry breeding industry is intensive and scale is developed rapidly, sharply increases animal waste discharge capacity, and is imitated by economy simultaneously
The restriction of beneficial and technology popularization, many plants are not rationally processed to livestock waste and direct outer row, the environment for causing
Pollution problem becomes increasingly conspicuous.Composting technology integrates offal treatment and fertilizer production, meet innoxious in environmental conservation, subtract
Quantization, resource and the principle for recycling.Using composted technical finesse feces of livestock and poultry, wherein Organic substance can be converted into greatly
Amount humus, while killing pathogen therein and harmful microorganism by hot environment, produce the high fertilizer of nutrient content
Expect, therefore compost becomes minimizing Animal manure loss, the important channel of effectively utilizes agricultural wastes.But, pig manure itself is certainly
Less by spatial domain, structural difference, humidity is high and C/N is than low, itself does not have preferable aerobic compost condition.Attach outside plus
Under conditions of agent, although pig manure can be successfully started up, but still there is decomposed period length, low degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed, nitrogen loss
Seriously, the problems such as foul smell discharge capacity is big.Research shows that the nitrogen for accounting for the 16%-74% of initial total nitrogen can be damaged in composting process
Lose, the initial total nitrogens of wherein 9.6%-46% are with NH3Form loss.On the one hand environmental pollution can be caused, reduces the ring of compost
On the one hand border benefit, more can cause the loss of composting production nutrient, reduce the quality of composting production.And H2S is in composting process
One of main volatile sulfur compound for producing, it is only 0.007mg/m3 to smell thresholding, and the contribution rate to odor concentration is higher.
After peat is limnocryptophyte death, in lack of air and under conditions of excessive moistening, by the slow of anaerobe
To be formed slow decomposition and building up, it is slow by anaerobe under the conditions of lack of air that its essence is exactly into charcoal plant residue
The material that accumulates after decomposition.According to the classification into charcoal plant, peat can be divided into meadow peat, woody peat, fountain moss mud
Charcoal etc..Peat is loose porous, and ventilating permeable is good, and absorption sequestering power is strong, and C/N is high, is the good growing carrier of microorganism,
Necessarily apply in compost field.At present, domestic and international correlational study concentrates on the utilization to sphagbum peat.Compared to fountain moss mud
Charcoal, woody peat organic matter, content of humic acid are higher, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) and salt balance control ability are higher.But, close
The research for being used as compost conditioner in woody peat is few.Woody peat is as one kind in the country such as Southeast Asia rich reserves and urgently
The mineral resources for rationally utilizing are treated, extensive concern is gradually obtained.Therefore, woody peat is used as pig manure conditioner, research
Compost maturity situation and dusty gass emission behaviour under different woody peat additions, evaluate woody peat in pig manure
Middle guarantor's nitrogen, reduction of discharging, the application effect that increases production are very necessary.
Content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to reduce the discharge of dye thing and raising pig manure product during pig manure
Amount.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of pig manure for reducing pollutant emission and improving yield
Method, including adding a certain amount of woody peat in pig manure, mixes to obtain mixed material, then carries out aerobic compost process, is obtained
Pig manure product.
In said method, the consumption of the woody peat accounts for the 5%-20% of the mixed material weight, preferably 15%-
20%, specifically optional 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%.
The mixed material mainly includes the woody peat and pig manure.
In said method, between 10-15, moisture content is in 55%- for the C/N ratios (i.e. carbon/nitrogen ratio) of the mixed material
Between 60%.
In said method, the compost adopts continuous forced ventilation mode, and rate of venting is 0.24-0.42L kg-1DM·
min-1, preferably 0.36L kg-1DM·min-1.
In said method, the woody peat moisture content is 37.17-38.67%, and C/N ratios are 90.71-97.23, and pH is
4.9-5.4, total content of humic acid is 40.28-59.51%；Preferably, the woody peat moisture content is 38.09%, C/N ratios
It is 5.2 for 94.94, pH, total content of humic acid is 48.41%.
In said method, the pig manure is fresh pig dung, and moisture content is 62.05-66.12%, preferably 64%.
Woody peat implication of the present invention is identical with for this area conventional sense, can be for example purchased from by commercially available
To international corporation in Hong Kong.
In said method, the compost treatment time is 28-35 days, preferably 28 days.
In said method, compost treatment temperature >=50 DEG C, preferably 55-65 DEG C.
In said method, can periodically turning, for example turning is once weekly.
In said method, aerobic compost process can be carried out in fermentation tank, the rustless steel cylindrical tank of such as volume 20L,
Internal diameter 0.24m, high 0.42m, fermenter base are provided with blow vent.
Specifically, the pig manure method of above-mentioned minimizing pollutant emission and raising yield, including adding one in pig manure
Quantitative woody peat, mixes to obtain mixed material, then the mixed material is placed in closed fermenter carries out aerobic compost
Process 28 days, compost temperature carries out continuous forced ventilation during being 55-65 DEG C, the compost treatment, and rate of venting is 0.36L
kg-1DM·min-1, turning weekly once, is obtained pig manure product；The consumption of the woody peat accounts for the mixed material weight
The 15%-20% of amount.
Present invention additionally comprises pig manure product obtained in said method.
Present invention additionally comprises application of the above-mentioned woody peat on pig manure.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention as pig manure conditioner, is shortened pig manure fermentation period, improves product using woody peat
Product become thoroughly decomposed degree, while nutrient content in composting production can be improved, improve compost quality, solve common during pig manure
Decomposed period length, the problems such as composting efficiency is low and nitrogen loss serious, foul smell discharge capacity is big.Closed aerobic compost tests table
Bright, add woody peat in pig manure, all heap bodies can successfully start up compost, reach sanitary standard and the mark that becomes thoroughly decomposed in 28d
Accurate.And woody peat addition is bigger within the specific limits, the megathermal period is longer, and effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed is more preferable.Add woody peat to have
Nitrogen effect is protected significantly, and compared with 5% addition, the woody peat for adding 15%-20% can substantially reduce 44%-63%'s
TN (total nitrogen) loses.Additionally, adding woody peat can also substantially reduce heap body pollution gas emissions.Add 15%-20%
Woody peat can significantly reduce the NH of 53.47%-63.31%3Discharge, the H of 50.98%-62.76%2S discharge and
The CH of 82.12%-89.48%4Discharge.Importantly, the woody peat for adding 15%-20% can significantly improve compost product
Amount, can increase by 23% compost yield.Therefore, consider in terms of rotten degree, nitrogen loss rate, emission reduction effect etc., woody
It is between 15%-20% that peat is used as the optimum addition of pig manure conditioner.Therefore, employing-woody peat of the invention is made
For pig manure conditioner, efficient, high yield, oligosaprobic triple effects have been reached.The inventive method is to composting material and compost
Process conditions requirement is low, with low cost, widely applicable, simple operation and other advantages, with good social benefit, economic benefit
And environmental benefit, with promotional value.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
Accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is temperature changing curve diagram in 1 composting process of embodiment；
Fig. 2 is ammonia gas day discharge capacity change curve in 1 composting process of embodiment；
Fig. 3 is hydrogen sulfide gas day discharge capacity change curve in 1 composting process of embodiment；
Fig. 4 is methane gas day discharge capacity change curve in 1 composting process of embodiment.
Fig. 5 is temperature changing curve diagram in 2 composting process of embodiment；
Fig. 6 is ammonia gas day discharge capacity change curve in 2 composting process of embodiment；
Fig. 7 is hydrogen sulfide gas day discharge capacity change curve in 2 composting process of embodiment；
Fig. 8 is methane gas day discharge capacity change curve in 2 composting process of embodiment.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.Following examples are used for
The present invention is described, but can not be used for limiting the scope of the present invention.Experimental technique used in embodiment if no special instructions,
For conventional method.In embodiment, material used, reagent etc., if no special instructions, commercially obtain.
Pig manure used below is dry cleaning up excrement, takes from Haidian District, Beijing City Su Jia and sticks together pig farm, woody peat (powder) by
There is provided to international corporation in Hong Kong.Its basic physicochemical character is shown in Table 1.
The Elemental characters of 1 compost starting material of table
Note：Moisture content is calculated with wet basis, and other indexs are contents on dry basis.
The detection method of following parameter index is as follows：
(1) measure of temperature
Heap temperature by temperature probe by sensor every 2h automatic data collections once.
(2) measure of gas
NH3At the top of the fermentation tank equipped with mass fraction it is after the absorption bottle of 2% boric acid absorbs, dilute with normal concentration
Sulphuric acid titration is measured.
O2、CO2And H2S is determined using Portable methane analyser (BM13345, Biogas Check, Britain Geotech).
(3) TC (total carbon), TOC (total organic carbon), the measure of TN (total nitrogen)
Dry sample after by crushing is placed in 105 DEG C of baking ovens after baking 2h-3h using elemental analyser (vario MACRO
Cube elemental analyser, Germany) TC, TN in determination sample content.TOC is according to agricultural industry criteria《NY525-2002 has
Machine fertilizer》In standard method determine.
(4) measure of flooding index
Fresh wet sample 10.0g is weighed, according to wet sample weight：Distilled water volume=1:The mixing of 10 ratios, on shaking table with
150r/min vibrates 30min, is filtered with quantitative analyses filter paper after standing 10min, takes filtrate and determines pH, EC (i.e. electrical conductivity).Its
Middle EC is measured using MP521 type pH/ galvanic size testers.
5mL water extracts are taken in being lined with qualitative analyses filter paper, a diameter of 9cm culture dish, each process arranges three
Individual parallel, 10 full radish seeds are put in each culture dish, are then placed it in 20 DEG C ± 2 DEG C of calorstat and are trained
Foster 48h, then determines its germination percentage and root is long.Percentage of seedgermination index (GI, germination are calculated according to following
index)：
GI (%)=(lixiviating solution percentage of seedgermination * lixiviating solution seminal root length)/(control percentage of seedgermination * control seminal roots
Long) * 100%
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment arranges 4 test process altogether, and the adding proportion of woody peat is followed successively by material and (refers to woody peat and pig
The gross weight of excrement) 5% (process 1) of weight in wet base, 10% (processing 2), 15% (processing 3) and 20% (process 4), material need to ensure to fill
Divide mixing.All process are placed in the closed fermenter that volume is 20L and carry out high temperature aerobic composting.The present embodiment is using continuous
Ventilation, ventilation are 0.36L/ (min kg-1DM).Composting cycle is 28d, per 7d turnings once.Compost temperature is 55-65 DEG C.
Respectively experiment start when, turning when and at the end of each parameter index is measured by sampling.Experimental result is shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 4 and table 2- tables 3.
Referring to Fig. 1, all process for adding woody peat can be rapidly heated the entrance megathermal period, and temperature is more than 50 DEG C
Time all reached more than 7d, meet the requirement (GB7989-87) of China's compost hygienization and compost maturity.Wherein, 3 are processed
50 DEG C are just reached with processing 4 in 2d heap temperatures, and persistent period megathermal period reaches 13d.Process 1 and process 2 early stages and heat up
Speed is slower, and the megathermal period continues 8d.Obviously, woody peat addition is 15%, 20% treatment group, and heap body heats up faster, high
The warm phase is longer.
During all process compost, physicochemical properties and maturity indexes are shown in Table 2.As can be seen from the table, with experiment
Carry out, the TOC contents of heap body, C/N decline with the gradually decomposition of organic matter than.All pH value processed during testing
Both greater than 7.0, do not occur due to the acid woody peat of interpolation and caused excessive acidification phenomenon.At the end of experiment, own
The pH value of process is held in 8.0 or so, reaches compost maturity requirement.Due to pig manure and woody peat EC values itself just relatively low,
So four EC values processed in whole experiment process are respectively less than 4mS cm-1, reach the standard of safely use.Additionally, four
The GI values at the end of experiment are processed more than 80%.Compared with 5% addition, the woody peat interpolation group of 15%-20%,
Composting production GI values can improve 25%, EC values can reduce by 18%, and effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed is more preferable.And from the point of view of nitrogen loss, increase woody
Peat addition can significantly improve heap body and protect nitrogen effect to 15% or so, and TN losses can reduce 44%-63%.
Referring to table 3, before and after processing experiment by four, gross weight increases woody peat and adds by finding after accordingly aqueous rate conversion
Dosage, can significantly improve compost yield.Compared to processing 1, add the treatment group of 10%, 15%, 20% woody peat, through 28d
After composting, composting production yield is respectively increased 0.32%, 15.60%, 23.55%.
Referring to Fig. 2, woody peat addition is more, NH3Emission index peak value and total release are lower.At the end of compost,
5% treatment group NH3Accumulation discharge capacity is 4.671g kg-1DM, as control, adds 10%, 15%, 20% woody peat
Process to NH3Reduction of discharging rate respectively reaches 19.32%, 53.47%, 63.31% successively.Main cause is that woody peat itself is right
The NH in portion in the heap body3And NH4 +- N has certain adsorption.
Referring to Fig. 3, the H of low woody peat treatment group 1,22S average emission rates are the 2 of high woody peat treatment group 3,4
Many again；At the end of compost, 5% treatment group H2S accumulations discharge capacity is 247.24mg kg-1DM, as control, adds
10%th, 15%, 20% woody peat is processed to H2The reduction of discharging rate of S is respectively 17.31%, 50.98%, 62.76%.Although peat
H can be adsorbed2S, but if still anaerobic environment is defined after adding peat, also result in H2S is discharged.Therefore, only when
When woody peat addition is sufficiently large, foul smell generation can be inherently reduced, and the adsorptivity of peat can be utilized to reduce foul smell
Discharge capacity.
Referring to Fig. 4,1 and 2 CH is processed4Emission index is significantly higher, especially in megathermal period early stage, wherein processes 1 front
15d has obvious CH4Discharge, and average emission rate reaches 0.145g kg-1DM·d-1.This with minister's time in its heap body at
Higher relevant in anaerobic environment and moisture content.After compost terminates, add 5% process accumulation CH4Discharge capacity is maximum, is
2.312g·kg-1DM, with which as control, adds the CH that 10%, 15%, 20% woody peat is processed4Total emission volumn is respectively significantly
Reduce by 37.94%, 82.12%, 89.48%.It can be seen that, increase woody peat amount to 15% and above when for reducing greenhouse gases
Discharge has significantly effect.
2 compost physicochemical properties of table and maturity indexes change
3 28d compost yield of table
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment arranges 4 test process altogether：Compost adopts continuous forced ventilation mode, and rate of venting is 0.24-
0.42L·kg-1DM·min-1, specially 0.24 (i.e. T1), 0.30 (i.e. T2), 0.36 (i.e. T3), 0.42 (i.e. T4) L kg- 1DM·min-1；The consumption of woody peat accounts for the 15% of the mixed material；Remaining condition is with embodiment 1.Experimental result see Fig. 5-
Fig. 8 and table 4.
Referring to Fig. 5, all process can successfully start up intensification, but the T1 and T4 process megathermal periods are most short, are 7d, analyze
Reason is, divulges information too low that oxygen supply is not enough, affects microbial metabolism, but when rate of venting is too high, heap body is difficult
Insulation, is had a negative impact on the contrary to microbial activity.T3 process heats up most soon, and the megathermal period is for up to 12d.
During all process compost, physicochemical properties and maturity indexes are shown in Table 4.As can be seen from the table, T3 is processed
TOC palliating degradation degrees are maximum, reach 18.39%, and ventilation too low (T1), too high (T4) can all slow down the biodegradation in heap body
Journey.At the end of experiment, the pH value of all process and EC values reach the standard of matured compost.Additionally, four process terminate in experiment
When GI values more than 80%.The time that wherein T3 process GI are reached required for 80% is most short, and GI values are maximum at the end of testing.
And from the point of view of nitrogen loss, ventilation is 0.36L kg-1DM·min-1When, TN contents increase up to 1.86%, and this may
It is because that suitable rate of venting will not make substantial amounts of nitrogen volatilize in the form of ammonia, and does not interfere with the life in heap body again
Thing degradation process.In general, T3 process is become thoroughly decomposed, and degree is higher, and compost effect is faster.
4 compost physicochemical properties of table and maturity indexes change
Referring to Fig. 6, ventilation is in 0.24-0.36L kg-1DM·min-1When, ventilation is bigger, NH3Rate of discharge is got over
Greatly.Reason is being beneficial to carry the NH in heap body with high ventilation3Get into the air.The NH of four groups of process3Total release is respectively
2.94g·kg-1DM、3.35g·kg-1DM、3.60g·kg-1DM and 4.01g kg-1DM.Therefore, in the base for ensureing that heap body becomes thoroughly decomposed
On plinth, it should select suitable rate of venting.
Referring to Fig. 7, relatively low T1 and T2 process of divulging information, H2S rate of discharges are significantly higher, it may be possible to which rate of venting is not enough,
For hypoxgia, and H2S is produced under anaerobic condition again, so this result occurs.At the end of experiment, the H of four groups of process2S
Total release is respectively 256.73mg kg-1DM、199.34mg·kg-1DM、126.49mg·kg-1DM and 110.80mg kg- 1DM.The H that T3 and T4 is processed2S rate of discharge differences are not notable.
Referring to Fig. 8, relatively low T1 and T2 process of divulging information, CH4Rate of discharge is significantly higher, and reason is equally to supply in heap body
The formation of the anaerobic zone that foster deficiency is caused.At the end of experiment, the CH of four groups of process4Total release is respectively 1.545g kg- 1DM、1.147g·kg-1DM、0.535g·kg-1DM and 0.264g kg-1DM.
Although, above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of reduce pollutant emission and improve yield pig manure method, it is characterised in that in including to pig manure add
A certain amount of woody peat, mixes to obtain mixed material, then carries out aerobic compost process, and pig manure product is obtained；Described woody
The consumption of peat accounts for the 5%-20% of the mixed material weight.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the C/N ratios of the mixed material are 10-15, moisture content is
55%-60%.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the consumption of the woody peat accounts for the mixed material
The 15%-20% of weight.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the compost is using continuous forced ventilation mode, ventilation
Speed is 0.24-0.42L kg-1DM·min-1, preferably 0.36L kg-1DM·min-1.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the woody peat moisture content is 37.17-
38.67%, C/N ratio is 90.71-97.23, and pH is 4.9-5.4, and total content of humic acid is 40.28-59.51%；
Preferably, the woody peat moisture content is 5.2 for 38.09%, C/N ratios for 94.94, pH, and total content of humic acid is
48.41%.
6. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the pig manure is fresh pig dung, and moisture content is 62.05-
66.12%, preferably 64%.
7. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the compost treatment time is 28-35 days, preferably 28
My god；And/or, compost treatment temperature >=50 DEG C, preferably 55-65 DEG C.
8. the method according to any one of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that add in including to pig manure a certain amount of woody
Peat, mixes to obtain mixed material, then the mixed material is placed in closed fermenter carry out aerobic compost process 28 days, heap
Fertile temperature carries out continuous forced ventilation during being 55-65 DEG C, the compost treatment, rate of venting is 0.36L kg-1DM·min-1, turning weekly once, is obtained pig manure product；The consumption of the woody peat accounts for the 15%- of the mixed material weight
20%.
9. pig manure product obtained in any one of claim 1-8 methods described.
10. application of the woody peat on pig manure.
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| CN106495762B (en) | 2019-10-01 |
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