CN106490365B - 一种预防和治疗肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂 - Google Patents
一种预防和治疗肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106490365B CN106490365B CN201610963536.2A CN201610963536A CN106490365B CN 106490365 B CN106490365 B CN 106490365B CN 201610963536 A CN201610963536 A CN 201610963536A CN 106490365 B CN106490365 B CN 106490365B
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Abstract
本发明属于肉猪饲料技术领域，更具体涉及一种预防和治疗肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法。所述制备方法包括：将莱菔子、糙薏米、木香、诃子和陈皮依次用60%‑90%乙醇、饮用水回流提取，合并提取液，再杨树花、马齿苋、白头翁、茯苓、厚朴、白术、槐花、芡实、黄芪、党参、黄芩、苍术、山楂与和甘草的水提液混合，混合液浓缩、干燥加工形成干粉，最后与粉碎的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀并包装。本发明的中草药饲料添加剂原料科学合理，制备过程可操作性强，制备的添加剂适口性良好，能有效预防肉猪消化道疾病的发生，提高肉猪的生产性能、抗应激和免疫力，改善猪肉的品质和营养价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于肉猪饲料技术领域，更具体涉及一种预防和治疗肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
中草药是天然的绿色植物，兼有营养和药用的两种属性，具有促进动物生长发育，提高饲料利用率等功能，已经在肉猪的饲养中应用，但是目前中草药饲料添加剂主要针对肉猪的生产性能、免疫力方面上，而针对预防肉猪消化道疾病方面的较少，而且效果不够明显；消化道疾病如腹泻是近年来频繁发生的猪病之一，严重影响肉猪的生长甚至死亡，给养殖企业或农户造成重大的经济损失，目前，针对此些猪病主要采用抗生素治疗，带来比较严重的药物残留问题，而用中草药来治疗此类猪病，可以很好解决药物残留问题；同时，不少中草药饲料添加剂组方不够科学严谨，适口性差，中草药饲料添加剂多为经干燥、粉碎、混合而成的散剂，制作工艺落后，添加量过大，制约了肉猪中草药饲料添加剂的推广应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种预防和治疗肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂及其制备方法，原料科学合理，制备过程可操作性强，制备的添加剂适口性良好，能有效预防肉猪消化道疾病的发生，提高肉猪的生产性能、抗应激和免疫力，改善猪肉的品质和营养价值。
一种预防肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：杨树花4-10份，马齿苋4-10份，白头翁4-10份，莱菔子4-10份，糙薏米4-10份，茯苓4-10份，厚朴2-8份，白术2-8份，木香2-8份，槐花2-8份，诃子2-8份，芡实2-8份，黄芪2-6份，党参2-6份，黄芩2-6份，苍术2-6份，炒麦芽1-5份，昆布1-5份,山楂1-3份，陈皮1-3份，甘草1-3份。
本发明中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括：将莱菔子、糙薏米、木香、诃子和陈皮依次用60%-90%乙醇、饮用水回流提取，合并提取液，再杨树花、马齿苋、白头翁、茯苓、厚朴、白术、槐花、芡实、黄芪、党参、黄芩、苍术、山楂与和甘草的水提液混合，混合液浓缩、干燥加工形成干粉，最后与粉碎的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀并包装。
具体步骤如下：
（1）、粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过80-160目的筛网，备用；
（2）、浸提：将莱菔子、糙薏米、木香、诃子和陈皮用药物4-8倍重量体积的质量浓度为60%-90%乙醇回流提取0.5-1.5小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物4-8倍重量体积的饮用水回流浸提2-3次，温度85-95℃，每次0.5-1.5小时，收集提取液b；将杨树花、马齿苋、白头翁、茯苓、厚朴、白术、槐花、芡实、黄芪、党参、黄芩、苍术、山楂与和甘草加入药物4-8倍重量体积的饮用水煎煮2-3次，每次0.5-1.5小时，温度85-95℃，收集提取液c；
（3）、浓缩：将步骤⑵的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至40-60℃时相对密度为1.05-1.10的浓缩液；
（4）、喷雾干燥：加入占浓缩液重量比为1%-3%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）、配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.02-0.05%CMC和重量比为0.03-0.05%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）、过筛： 过80-160目筛网；
（7）、混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
本发明的中草药饲料添加剂应用为：将所述添加剂按肉猪饲料喂饲量的重量比为0.1-0.5%的比例添加到肉猪的日常饲料（粉料）中，拌匀后进行喂饲，也可以预混料形式添加到肉猪基础日粮配方中造粒成颗粒饲料进行喂饲，该中草药饲料添加剂从肉猪40kg开始实行全过程不间断添加。
本发明的显著优点是：
（1）、本发明的制备方法采取浸提、浓缩与喷雾的方法，可以做到了饲料添加剂的“微量化、高效化”，方便生产、运输和喂饲，适应现代肉猪规模化养殖的需求，同时对莱菔子、糙薏米、木香、诃子和陈皮等药材采用先醇提再水提的浸提方法，确保这些药材的脂溶性成分与水溶性成分一起浸提出来，最大限度地保证中草药饲料添加剂的功效。
（2）、本发明的中草药饲料添加剂组方科学，配合合理，该中草药饲料添加剂组方中杨树花、马齿苋、白头翁、诃子和芡实分别具有不同程度的清热解毒、燥湿止痢和化湿止泻等功效，协同应用有很好的预防治疗如痢疾、腹泻等消化道***疾病，很好消炎抑菌抗病毒作用；莱菔子、厚朴、木香、昆布、炒麦芽和山楂分别具有不同程度的行气、消食、除胀、化滞等功效，协同应用有很好的治疗消化道***疾病引起的各种症状；糙薏米、白术、槐花、黄芩、苍术、炒麦芽和陈皮等分别具有不同程度的健脾开胃、燥湿利水等功效，协同应用有很好的预防和缓解消化道***疾病引起的各种症状；黄芪、白术、茯苓、昆布、炒麦芽、陈皮、山楂和甘草分别具有不同程度的补中益气、安神宁心的功效，协同应用有很好促生长、抗应激、提高免疫力的作用。
（3）、本发明对肉猪消化道疾病有明显的预防作用，腹泻发生率比对照组（常规不添加药物）降低41.9%-85.0%；对肉猪的生长性能和免疫力均有明显的提高作用，与对照组相比，其中料肉比降低12..0%-23.3%，肉猪血清中免疫球蛋白IgA的含量提高14.5%-23.4%，免疫球蛋白IgM的含量提高9.7%-18.6%，免疫球蛋白IgG的含量提高10.2%-14.3%；同时，对猪肉品质也有改善作用，与对照组相比，其中眼肌面积提高10.0%-19.6%，熟肉率提高5.8%-8.7%、总氨基酸含量提高8.5%-12.3%、肌间脂肪酸含量提高15.2%-23.5%。
（4）、本发明对肉猪消化道疾病有明显的治疗作用，治疗总有效率达78.5%-91.0%，与西药组（阿莫西林+阿米卡星+硫酸庆大霉素+多维）接近，在治疗的同时，还可以提高仔猪的生长性能，改善猪肉品质，与西药组相比，料肉比降低7.0%-13.27%，眼肌面积提高8.5%-13.0%，熟肉率提高4.5%-6.5%、总氨基酸含量提高8.6%-11.7%、肌间脂肪酸含量提高10.5%-19.1%。
具体实施方式
以下为本发明的几个具体实例，进一步描述本发明，但是本发明不仅限于此。
实例1
一种预防和治疗肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：杨树花10份，马齿苋10份，白头翁10份，莱菔子4份，糙薏米4份，茯苓4份，厚朴8份，白术8份，木香8份，槐花2份，诃子2份，芡实2份，黄芪6份，党参6份，黄芩2份，苍术2份，炒麦芽5份，昆布1份,山楂1份，陈皮2份，甘草3份。（合计100份）
中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过80目的筛网，备用；
（2）浸提：将莱菔子、糙薏米、木香、诃子和陈皮用药物重量体积8倍的质量浓度为60%乙醇回流提取1.5小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物重量体积8倍的饮用水回流浸提2次，温度85℃，每次1.5小时，收集提取液b；将杨树花、马齿苋、白头翁、茯苓、厚朴、白术、槐花、芡实、黄芪、党参、黄芩、苍术、山楂与和甘草加入药物重量体积4倍的饮用水煎煮2次，每次1.5小时，温度85℃，收集提取液c；
（3）浓缩：将步骤（2）的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至40℃时相对密度为1.05的浓缩液；
（4）喷雾干燥：在浓缩液中加入占浓缩液重量比为1%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.02%CMC和重量比为0.05%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）过筛：过80目筛网；
（7）混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
中草药饲料添加剂的应用，包括：将中草药饲料添加剂按肉猪饲料喂饲量的重量比0.1%的比例添加到肉猪的日常饲料中，拌匀后进行喂饲，该中草药饲料添加剂从肉猪40kg开始实行全过程不间断添加。
实例2
一种预防和治疗肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：杨树花7份，马齿苋7份，白头翁7份，莱菔子7份，糙薏米7份，茯苓7份，厚朴5份，白术5份，木香5份，槐花5份，诃子5份，芡实5份，黄芪4份，党参4份，黄芩4份，苍术4份，炒麦芽3份，昆布3份,山楂3份，陈皮1份，甘草2份。（合计100份）
中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过120目的筛网，备用；
（2）浸提：将莱菔子、糙薏米、木香、诃子和陈皮用药物重量体积6倍的质量浓度为80%乙醇回流提取1.0小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物重量体积6倍的饮用水回流浸提2次，温度90℃，每次1.0小时，收集提取液b；将杨树花、马齿苋、白头翁、茯苓、厚朴、白术、槐花、芡实、黄芪、党参、黄芩、苍术、山楂与和甘草加入药物重量体积6倍的饮用水煎煮2次，每次1.0小时，温度90℃，收集提取液c；
（3）浓缩：将步骤（2）的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至50℃时相对密度为1.05的浓缩液；
（4）喷雾干燥：在浓缩液中加入占浓缩液重量比为2%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.03%CMC和重量比为0.04%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）过筛： 过120目筛网；
（7）混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
中草药饲料添加剂的应用，包括：中草药饲料添加剂以预混料形式添加到肉猪基础日粮配方中造粒成颗粒饲料进行喂饲，中草药饲料添加剂的加入量占重量比0.3%，该中草药饲料添加剂从肉猪40kg开始实行全过程不间断添加。
实例3
一种预防和治疗肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：杨树花4份，马齿苋4份，白头翁4份，莱菔子10份，糙薏米10份，茯苓10份，厚朴2份，白术2份，木香2份，槐花8份，诃子8份，芡实8份，黄芪2份，党参2份，黄芩6份，苍术6份，炒麦芽1份，昆布5份,山楂2份，陈皮3份，甘草1份。（合计100份）
中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过160目的筛网，备用；
（2）浸提：将莱菔子、糙薏米、木香、诃子和陈皮用药物重量体积4倍的质量浓度为90%乙醇回流提取0.5小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物重量体积4倍的饮用水回流浸提3次，温度95℃，每次0.5小时，收集提取液b；将杨树花、马齿苋、白头翁、茯苓、厚朴、白术、槐花、芡实、黄芪、党参、黄芩、苍术、山楂与和甘草加入药物重量体积8倍的饮用水煎煮3次，每次0.5小时，温度95℃，收集提取液c；
（3）浓缩：将步骤（2）的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.10的浓缩液；
（4）喷雾干燥：在浓缩液中加入占浓缩液重量比为3%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.05%CMC和重量比为0.03%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）过筛：过160目筛网；
（7）混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
中草药饲料添加剂的应用，所述应用包括：将中草药添加剂按肉猪饲料喂饲量的重量比0.5%的比例添加到肉猪的日常饲料中，拌匀后进行喂饲，该中草药饲料添加剂从肉猪40kg开始实行全过程不间断添加。
本发明的具体实施效果
本发明对肉猪消化道疾病有明显的预防作用，腹泻发生率比对照组（常规不添加药物）降低41.9%-85.0%；对肉猪的生长性能和免疫力均有明显的提高作用，与对照组相比，其中料肉比降低12..0%-23.3%，肉猪血清中免疫球蛋白IgA的含量提高14.5%-23.4%，免疫球蛋白IgM的含量提高9.7%-18.6%，免疫球蛋白IgG的含量提高10.2%-14.3%；同时，对猪肉品质也有改善作用，与对照组相比，其中眼肌面积提高10.0%-19.6%，熟肉率提高5.8%-8.7%、总氨基酸含量提高8.5%-12.3%、肌间脂肪酸含量提高15.2%-23.5%。
本发明对肉猪消化道疾病有明显的治疗作用，治疗总有效率达78.5%-91.0%，与西药组（阿莫西林+阿米卡星+硫酸庆大霉素+多维）接近，在治疗的同时，还可以提高仔猪的生长性能，改善猪肉品质，与西药组相比，料肉比降低7.0%-13.27%，眼肌面积提高8.5%-13.0%，熟肉率提高4.5%-6.5%、总氨基酸含量提高8.6%-11.7%、肌间脂肪酸含量提高10.5%-19.1%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种预防和治疗肉猪消化道疾病的中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述添加剂的原料组分按照重量份数包括：杨树花4-10份，马齿苋4-10份，白头翁4-10份，莱菔子4-10份，糙薏米4-10份，茯苓4-10份，厚朴2-8份，白术2-8份，木香2-8份，槐花2-8份，诃子2-8份，芡实2-8份，黄芪2-6份，党参2-6份，黄芩2-6份，苍术2-6份，炒麦芽1-5份，昆布1-5份,山楂1-3份，陈皮1-3份，甘草1-3份。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述制备方法包括：将莱菔子、糙薏米、木香、诃子和陈皮依次用60%-90%乙醇、饮用水回流提取，合并提取液，再杨树花、马齿苋、白头翁、茯苓、厚朴、白术、槐花、芡实、黄芪、党参、黄芩、苍术、山楂与和甘草的水提液混合，混合液浓缩、干燥加工形成干粉，最后与粉碎的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀并包装。
3.根据权利要求2所述的中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
（1）粉碎：将炒麦芽和昆布粉碎，过80-160目的筛网，备用；
（2）浸提：将莱菔子、糙薏米、木香、诃子和陈皮用药物重量体积4-8倍的质量浓度为60%-90%乙醇回流提取0.5-1.5小时，收集乙醇提取液a，然后再用药物重量体积4-8倍的饮用水回流浸提2-3次，温度85-95℃，每次0.5-1.5小时，收集提取液b；将杨树花、马齿苋、白头翁、茯苓、厚朴、白术、槐花、芡实、黄芪、党参、黄芩、苍术、山楂与和甘草加入药物重量体积4-8倍的饮用水煎煮2-3次，每次0.5-1.5小时，温度85-95℃，收集提取液c；
（3）浓缩：将步骤（2）的提取液a、b和c混合，浓缩至40-60℃时相对密度为1.05-1.10的浓缩液；
（4）喷雾干燥：在浓缩液中加入占浓缩液重量比为1%-3%的糊精，搅拌均匀进行喷雾干燥；
（5）配制：往喷雾干燥后的干粉中加入重量比为0.02-0.05%CMC和重量比为0.03-0.05%磷脂，混合均匀；
（6）过筛：过80-160目筛网；
（7）混合：将步骤（6）过筛后的干粉与步骤（1）得到的炒麦芽粉和昆布粉混合均匀，包装。
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| CN108785368A (zh) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-13 | 江苏食品药品职业技术学院 | 治疗仔猪腹泻的“四蒿”饲料添加剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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