CN106481557A - 轻型结构的真空泵 - Google Patents

轻型结构的真空泵 Download PDF

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CN106481557A
CN106481557A CN201510679937.0A CN201510679937A CN106481557A CN 106481557 A CN106481557 A CN 106481557A CN 201510679937 A CN201510679937 A CN 201510679937A CN 106481557 A CN106481557 A CN 106481557A
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vacuum pump
rotor
support
pump according
sintering
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CN106481557B (zh
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马塞尔·瓦尔德
奥莱克桑德瑞·科津
雷米吉乌斯·斯采帕内克
约尔格·瓦伦费尔斯
罗尔夫·格施维纳特
科内利亚·弗罗魏因
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Hanon Auto Parts Germany Co ltd
Magna Powertrain Bad Homburg GmbH
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Magna Dynamical System Ahmedabad Huo Mubao Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/344—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F04C18/3448—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member with axially movable vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/344—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C25/00—Adaptations of pumps for special use of pumps for elastic fluids
    • F04C25/02—Adaptations of pumps for special use of pumps for elastic fluids for producing high vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C27/00—Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C27/005—Axial sealings for working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2220/00—Application
    • F04C2220/10—Vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/20—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/30—Casings or housings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/50—Bearings
    • F04C2240/56—Bearing bushings or details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出了一种真空泵，该真空泵具有由轻金属制成的壳体，在壳体中以可旋转的方式安装有由轻金属制成的转子，所述转子驱动至少一个叶片，其中，转子由轻金属制成并且具有沿着其旋转轴线的至少三个不同的直径。

Description

轻型结构的真空泵
技术领域
本发明基于专利申请DE 102015216104.8的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过参引并入本文中。
本发明涉及一种轻型结构的真空泵，该真空泵具有铝制部件。
背景技术
具有可驱动转子的真空泵在国际申请WO 01/48381 A2中已知，其中，借助于该可驱动转子可以使壳体中的至少一个叶片旋转。转子和/或叶片由铝或铝合金制成。转子通过机加工制造，或者通过成型而非机加工制造，优选地通过压铸或挤压制造。真空泵的壳体的至少一部分同样由铝或铝合金制成。对转子和/或叶片做阳极处理。在阳极处理过程期间，在铝或铝合金上形成保护性氧化层。该保护性氧化层用作提供免受磨损的保护。
通过例如阳极处理的涂层的应用是相对复杂且昂贵的。
在DE102013105911中已知的是，由未涂覆铝材制成的两个摩擦配合件的摩擦对在真空泵中是特别有利的。一方面，可以通过未涂覆的铝材来在真空泵的操作期间保持小的不期望的磨损。此外，摩擦表面之间的相对较小的间隙可以利用由未涂覆的铝材制成的两个摩擦副形成。根据DE102013105911 A1的解决方案的缺点在于一个摩擦副的材料极其昂贵。
本发明的目的是制造一种真空泵，该真空泵可以以较低的成本制造以及/或者具有较长的使用寿命，并且提供支承和润滑方面的优点。
发明内容
该目的由下述真空泵实现：该真空泵具有由轻金属制成的壳体，在该壳体中以可旋转的方式安装有由轻金属制成的转子，所述转子驱动至少一个叶片，其中，转子由轻金属制成并且沿着其旋转轴线具有三个不同的直径。
总体重量通过将轻金属制转子例如铝制转子引入到真空泵中而极大地减小。
本发明使转子具有阶梯部，该阶梯部将支承区域与密封区域分开。将支承表面与密封表面分开允许有效密封以及油润滑***中更好的压力分配。转子中的额外的阶梯部由于密封确保非常少的空气进入泵的内部。
此处有利的是，阶梯部具有轴向支承表面以及径向与轴向密封表面。
阶梯部增大了转子的强度。
材料的选择性选择及其热膨胀系数的选择性选择带来支承位置在高温时和低温时的改进。
壳体包括作为用于转子的支承件的烧结衬套。这具有下述优点：由于不同的热膨胀系数，转子被提供有在高温时改进的支承性。支承间隙随着温度升高而减小，并且因此补偿了支承间隙中的油的粘性的损耗。在低温时，支承件中的环状间隙增大并且可以有助于减小在冷启动情况下暂时升高的内部压力。
烧结衬套具有圆筒状的轴向烧结支承部和作为径向烧结支承部的至少一个环圈。铝制壳体中的衬套可以吸收轴向支承力和径向支承力，使转子不发生倾斜。
附图说明
下文借助于示例参照附图对本发明进行描述。
图1示出了转子的说明性实施方式的示意图，
图2示出了沿着转子的横向轴线的截面，
图3示出了壳体中的转子的支撑件。
具体实施方式
真空泵1以非常简化的方式示出，并且真空泵1在图3中部分地示出。真空泵1包括具有支承区域6的壳体5。
真空泵1呈叶片泵并且用于例如产生制动助力器的真空室中的真空。为此，转子10在真空泵1的壳体5中绕旋转轴线12以可旋转的方式设置。
转子10的旋转轴线12与转子10的纵向轴线一致。转子10由例如驱动轴驱动，并且转子10引导叶片，叶片设置在转子10中的叶片定位狭槽18中。当转子10绕其旋转轴线12旋转时，真空泵的吸入室的容积增大，从而使工作介质被吸入到吸入室中。同时，真空泵的压力室中的容积减小，从而使工作介质从压力室排出。
转子10包括具有径向支承部14的旋转主体13。具有直径D1的径向支承部14用作在真空泵1的壳体中以可旋转的方式支撑转子10，其中，该支撑点为转子在泵中的仅径向支撑点。转子还具有阶梯部2，该阶梯部2位于直径为D1的支承部14与直径为D3的旋转主体13之间的直径为D2的圆筒状部中。在阶梯部2的面向外的侧部上，阶梯部2形成了轴向支承表面3。此外，径向密封表面4和轴向密封表面7由该阶梯部形成。通过将轴向支承表面和径向支承表面与轴向密封表面和径向密封表面分开，更有效地实现了密封和最优支撑的两个目的。
叶片定位部15一体地连接至支承部14。像支承部14那样，叶片定位部15具有直圆筒形状，该直圆筒形状具有比支承部14大的外径。
叶片定位部15包括叶片定位狭槽18，该叶片定位狭槽18在一个端部处敞开并且用作接纳或引导叶片泵的叶片。联接元件20在支承部14的自由端部处形成在叶片10上。联接元件20用作将转子10连接至驱动轴以用于驱动的目的。根据本发明的转子10由轻金属制 成，通常由铝或铝合金制成，并且因此转子10较轻但具有足够强度而不需要由另一支承件支撑。转子具有加强环圈，阶梯部2位于从支承部至转子主体的过渡处。
转子***到壳体中，如图3中所示，在支承部6中，壳体5具有烧结衬套8。烧结衬套沿着对应于转子的径向支承部的长度的长度l延伸。
烧结衬套在泵工作室的方向上具有环圈9。烧结衬套由含铁材料制成，从而与铝制转子一起呈最优组合。在这种情况下，烧结衬套的材料具有与轻金属制壳体不同的热膨胀系数。烧结衬套8在轻金属制壳体的制造期间铸造。
烧结衬套具有作为径向烧结支承部11的圆筒状区域和在环圈9的区域中的轴向烧结支承部16。径向支承区域14和轴向支承表面3搁置在两个烧结支承部上。
烧结衬套可以呈深拉制部件或车制部件。
参考列表
1 真空泵
2 阶梯部
3 轴向支承表面
4 径向支承表面
5 壳体
6 支承部
7 轴向密封表面
8 烧结衬套
9 环圈
10 转子
11 径向烧结支承部
12 旋转轴线
13 转子主体
14 径向支承部
15 叶片定位部
16 轴向烧结支承部
18 叶片定位狭槽
20 联接元件。

Claims (7)

1.一种真空泵，所述真空泵具有由轻金属制成的壳体，在所述壳体中以可旋转的方式安装有由轻金属制成的转子，所述转子驱动至少一个叶片，其特征在于，所述转子由轻金属制成并且沿着其旋转轴线具有至少三个不同的直径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的真空泵，其特征在于，所述转子具有阶梯部，所述阶梯部将支承区域与密封区域分开。
3.根据权利要求1所述的真空泵，其特征在于，所述阶梯部具有轴向支承表面以及径向与轴向密封表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的真空泵，其特征在于，所述转子具有加强环圈。
5.根据权利要求1所述的真空泵，其特征在于，所述壳体包括作为用于所述转子的支承部的烧结衬套。
6.根据权利要求1所述的真空泵，其特征在于，所述烧结衬套具有圆筒状的径向烧结支承部和作为轴向烧结支承部的环圈。
7.根据权利要求6所述的真空泵，其特征在于，所述烧结衬套为深拉制部件或车制部件。
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DE102018105142A1 (de) * 2018-03-06 2019-09-12 Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH Dichtelement Vakuumpumpe

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US20170058897A1 (en) 2017-03-02
CN106481557B (zh) 2019-01-15

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