CN106443777B - The acquisition methods and converted-wave velocity analysis method of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum - Google Patents

The acquisition methods and converted-wave velocity analysis method of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum Download PDF

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CN106443777B
CN106443777B CN201610671432.4A CN201610671432A CN106443777B CN 106443777 B CN106443777 B CN 106443777B CN 201610671432 A CN201610671432 A CN 201610671432A CN 106443777 B CN106443777 B CN 106443777B
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spectrum
anisotropic parameters
converted wave
velocity
converted
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CN106443777A (en
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熊晶璇
朱晨
刘鸿
罗红明
唐虎
巫骏
曹中林
陈三平
王栋
王光银
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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Geophysical Prospecting Co of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co Ltd
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract

The invention provides the acquisition methods and converted-wave velocity analysis method of a kind of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.The acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum be included in the spectrum scanning of converted wave anisotropic parameters reject even up processing through dynamic correction in trace gather after lineups there is no the road changed, and the road using remaining road as participation spectrum superposition calculation；The weight coefficient of window when counting each, and will be each when window in each sampling point amplitude divided by it is corresponding when weight coefficient, weight coefficient for reject to it is corresponding when interior exceptional value after average amplitude value or peak swing value；Show converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.The anisotropic parameters picked up in the anisotropic parameters spectrum that the converted-wave velocity analysis method is obtained using the above method is come estimated speed field.It is more reliable more accurate than estimating or filling in empirical value according to the anisotropic parameters that the inventive method is extracted, and the precision of converted-wave velocity analysis is high, efficiency high.

Description

The acquisition methods and converted-wave velocity analysis method of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Seismic Data Processing Technique field of petroleum gas seismic prospecting, specifically, the present invention relates to And a kind of acquisition methods and converted-wave velocity analysis method of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.
Background technology
Velocity analysis is the core link of seismic data process.It is more simple in the early stage of seismic prospecting, geological structure Dan Shi, the stack velocity analysis technology of the hyperbolic-type optimal time control based on HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY theory hypothesis can just meet will Ask.With the increasingly complicated of survey area and and converted wave imaging method and technology gradual maturation, it is proposed that converted wave respectively to The velocity analysis technology of different in nature medium.In the case of actual geology, " underground medium generally existing anisotropy " increasingly into For the common recognition of people.The shale and thin interbed being widely present in superstratum can produce the polarity with vertical axis of symmetry respectively to different Property (VTI, have vertical symmetry axis transverse isotropy (VTI) medium).In multi-component earthquake data processing procedure, one Committed step is estimation and the influence for eliminating VTI.Many people did extensive research to this.
In recent years, the analysis of converted wave anisotropic velocity had developed several non-double curve line conversion fluctuation calibration methods：1. most It is early using high-order Taylor expansion, 2. DSR (the double flat sides of converted wave time curve are described using P ripples and S wave velocities Root) equation；3. Thomsen introduces anisotropic parameters in converted wave time curve, velocity analysis precision is substantially increased；④ LXY proposes improvement formula on the basis of Thomsen formula, adds the scope of x/z (offset distance/depth).
Existed according to Ma Zhaojun《Application of the four-parameter velocity analysis method in the converted-wave data processing of new field》Illustrated from Fig. 1 It can be seen that with Fig. 2:1. hyperbola is worst to conversion fluctuation school precision, can only be in x/z<0.5 smoothing lineups, at all can not Adapt to the requirement actually explored；2. Thomsen equations are in x/z<When 1.0, lineups can be smoothed substantially；3. DSR equations and LXY Equation smooths the precision highest of lineups, in x/z<When 2.0, it can meet that dynamic school requires, it is basic to solve in actual exploration Large offseting distance problem.DSR equations and LXY equations are contrasted, DSR equations need five parameters:VC2、γ0、γeff、ηeffAnd ζeff, no Beneficial to the estimation of velocity field, and LXY equations only need four parameters:VC2、γ0、γeffAnd χeff, it is easier to obtain stack velocity .
Therefore, in actual production, from four-parameter conversion wave Velocity Analysis method, using four parameters (Vc2, γ 0, γ Eff and χ eff) come estimating speed field.Four parameters refer to：Converted wave stack velocity (migration velocity) Vc2, vertical velocity compare γ0, it is equivalent Speed ratio γeffWith converted wave anisotropy coefficient χeff.However, the acquisition of above-mentioned four parameter is generally estimated by experience, converted wave The precision of velocity analysis is not high or checks the dynamic calibration result of trace gather using continuous test parameters to carry out the extraction of parameter, this Cause the efficiency of converted-wave velocity analysis low.
The content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is solve present in above-mentioned prior art One or more problems.For example, an object of the present invention is that providing a kind of accurate converted wave anisotropic parameters that obtains composes Method and the high converted-wave velocity analysis method of precision.
To achieve these goals, an aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of acquisition side of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum Method.The acquisition methods of the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum comprise the following steps：Using converted wave common-conversion point gather or CRP gather carries out the spectrum scanning of converted wave anisotropic parameters, in scanning process, rejects in trace gather and is evened up through dynamic correction Lineups are without the road changed after processing, and the road using remaining road as participation spectrum superposition calculation；To converted wave anisotropy Parameter Spectrum is weighted, described to add to carry out amplitude equalization processing along time orientation to converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum Power calculation procedure includes：The weight coefficient of window when timesharing window or each sliding window statistics, each sampling point in window when will be each Amplitude divided by it is corresponding when weight coefficient；Show converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.
The one embodiment for the acquisition methods composed according to converted wave anisotropic parameters of the present invention, the weight coefficient are to delete Average amplitude value or peak swing value during except to corresponding to after interior exceptional value.That is, when to it is corresponding when it is interior there is no exceptional value when, institute State average amplitude value or peak swing value in window when weight coefficient can be corresponding；There is exceptional value (such as maximum in window at that time Amplitude) when, the peak swing value when weight coefficient is rejects described in window after peak swing value and minimum amplitude value Or average amplitude value.
One embodiment for the acquisition methods composed according to converted wave anisotropic parameters of the present invention, in the common transfer point of converted wave Sampled point is chosen on any road of trace gather or CRP gather at predetermined intervals and carries out the converted wave anisotropic parameters Spectrum scanning, and using the spectrum of sampled point unselected in interpolation acquisition any road.
The one embodiment for the acquisition methods composed according to converted wave anisotropic parameters of the present invention, the interpolation can be three Angle interpolation or linear interpolation.
One embodiment for the acquisition methods composed according to converted wave anisotropic parameters of the present invention, it is characterised in that described The acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum also include generating transfer point channel set altogether according to converted wave common-conversion point gather Or common reflection point channel set is generated according to CRP gather, and use transfer point channel set or common reflection point channel set altogether Carry out the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum scanning.
The one embodiment for the acquisition methods composed according to converted wave anisotropic parameters of the present invention, the converted wave is respectively to different Property Parameter Spectrum acquisition methods be additionally may included in before converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum scanning step, converted wave is total to Transfer point trace gather or CRP gather enter cross-correlation in trade.
The one embodiment for the acquisition methods composed according to converted wave anisotropic parameters of the present invention, the converted wave is respectively to different Property Parameter Spectrum acquisition methods be additionally may included in after the weighted calculation step, to converted wave anisotropic parameters compose carry out Normalized, each amplitude control that converted wave anisotropic parameters is composed are described to return in predetermined interval or predetermined value The one each amplitude divided by normalization factor for changing processing step to compose the converted wave anisotropic parameters, wherein, it is described Normalization factor be the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum peak swing value either average amplitude value or, the normalizing Change the factor to reject the peak swing value (exceptional value) and minimum amplitude value (exceptional value) of the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum Peak swing value afterwards or average amplitude value.
One embodiment for the acquisition methods composed according to converted wave anisotropic parameters of the present invention, according to converted wave of the present invention One embodiment of the acquisition methods of anisotropic parameters spectrum, the predetermined interval can be [0,1].
The one embodiment for the acquisition methods composed according to converted wave anisotropic parameters of the present invention, can be shown using RGB Show the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.
The one embodiment for the acquisition methods composed according to converted wave anisotropic parameters of the present invention, the anisotropic parameters Spectrum scanning uses coherence spectrum generating algorithm.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of converted-wave velocity analysis method.The converted-wave velocity analysis method bag Include：Picked up in the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum that the acquisition methods of above-mentioned converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum obtain each to different Property parameter；Estimated using stack velocity, vertical velocity than, equivalent velocity ratio and the converted wave anisotropic parameters of the pickup Count velocity field.Or using stack velocity and the converted wave anisotropic parameters of the pickup come estimating speed field
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, the vertical velocity ratio is by vertical velocity Pick up and obtain on comparison, the vertical velocity comparison obtains in the following manner：Using converted wave common-conversion point gather or altogether Pip trace gather carries out vertical velocity comparison scanning, in scanning process, rejects and evens up what rear lineups did not change in trace gather Road, and using remaining road as the road for participating in composing superposition calculation；Vertical velocity comparison is weighted, the weighted calculation Step includes the weight coefficient of window when timesharing window or each sliding window statistics, when will be each in window the amplitude of each sampling point divided by Weight coefficient during to corresponding to；Show vertical velocity comparison.
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, the converted wave equivalent velocity ratio is by turning Change to pick up on ripple velocity equivalent comparison and obtain, the converted wave velocity equivalent comparison obtains in the following manner：Use converted wave Common-conversion point gather or CRP gather carry out the scanning of converted wave velocity equivalent comparison, in scanning process, reject trace gather In even up road of the rear lineups without change, and using remaining road as the road for participating in spectrum superposition calculation, and remaining road is made To participate in the road of spectrum superposition calculation；Converted wave velocity equivalent comparison is weighted, the weighted calculation step includes dividing When window or during each sliding window statistics window weight coefficient, when will be each in window the amplitude of each sampling point divided by it is corresponding when Weight coefficient；Show converted wave velocity equivalent comparison.
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, the stack velocity in velocity energy by composing Upper pickup obtains, and the velocity energy spectrum obtains in the following manner：Use converted wave common-conversion point gather or common reflection point Trace gather carries out velocity energy spectrum scanning；To velocity energy spectrum be weighted, the weighted calculation step include timesharing window or The weight coefficient of window when sliding window statistics is each, when will be each in window the amplitude of each sampling point divided by it is corresponding when weighting system Number；Display speed energy spectrum.
Wherein, the weight coefficient in the energy velocity spectrum, stack velocity spectrum or velocity equivalent comparison weighting step is to delete Average amplitude value or peak swing value during except to corresponding to after interior exceptional value.That is, when to it is corresponding when it is interior there is no exceptional value when, institute State average amplitude value or peak swing value in window when weight coefficient can be corresponding；There is exceptional value (such as maximum in window at that time Amplitude) when, the peak swing value when weight coefficient is rejects described in window after peak swing value and minimum amplitude value Or average amplitude value.
, can be in converted wave common-conversion point gather or common according to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention Chosen at predetermined intervals on any road of pip trace gather sampled point carry out the vertical velocity comparison, velocity equivalent comparison or Velocity energy spectrum scanning, and using the spectrum of sampled point unselected in interpolation acquisition any road.
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, the interpolation can be trigonometric interpolation or linear Interpolation.
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, the converted-wave velocity analysis method can be with Including generating transfer point channel set altogether according to converted wave common-conversion point gather, or common reflection point is generated according to CRP gather Channel set, and carry out the velocity energy spectrum, vertical velocity comparison using transfer point channel set altogether or common reflection point channel set Scanning or the scanning of velocity equivalent comparison.
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, the converted-wave velocity analysis method can be with Be included in the scanning of velocity energy spectrum, vertical velocity comparison scanning or the velocity equivalent comparison scanning step it Before, cross-correlation in trade is entered to converted wave common-conversion point gather or CRP gather.
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, the converted-wave velocity analysis method can be with Including being composed to velocity energy, vertical velocity comparison or velocity equivalent comparison be normalized, by the velocity energy Each amplitude of spectrum, vertical velocity comparison or velocity equivalent comparison is controlled in predetermined interval or predetermined value.
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, (amplitude) the normalized step can be with For velocity energy is composed, each amplitude divided by normalization factor of vertical velocity comparison or velocity equivalent comparison, wherein, institute It can be velocity energy spectrum, vertical velocity the comparison either peak swing value of velocity equivalent comparison or average to state normalization factor Value, or, the normalization factor can be to reject the maximum of velocity energy spectrum, vertical velocity comparison or velocity equivalent comparison Peak swing value or average value after amplitude (exceptional value) and minimum amplitude value (exceptional value).
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, the speed energy can be shown using RGB Amount spectrum, vertical velocity comparison or velocity equivalent comparison.
According to one embodiment of converted-wave velocity analysis method of the present invention, the velocity energy spectrum, vertical velocity comparison Scanning or the scanning of velocity equivalent comparison use coherence spectrum generating algorithm.
Compared with prior art, advantageous effects of the invention include：
(1), the innovative acquisition methods for proposing converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.
(2), it is improved to obtain anisotropic parameters spectrum by parameter scanning by empirical value estimation anisotropic parameters, passes through The energy group situation of anisotropic parameters spectrum, carries out the extraction of anisotropic parameters, the parameter of extraction than estimation or fill in through It is more reliable more accurate to test value.
(3), the computational methods of anisotropic parameters spectrum, the amount of calculation of spectrum is reduced by sampling point extraction processing, is improved Calculating speed, and effectively rejecting abnormalities can be worth to relative smooth, the coherence spectrum concentrated, improve spectrum lateral resolution and Vertical continuity.
(4), analyze, have in the processing of current multi-wave seismic data wide suitable for the parameter anisotropic velocity of converted wave four Wealthy application prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
By the description carried out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above and other purpose of the invention and feature will become more clear Chu, wherein：
Fig. 1 be four kinds of converted wave optimal time controls move school ratio of precision compared with；
Fig. 2 is that different parameters even up interpretation of result to lineups；
Fig. 3 is four Parameter Spectrums obtained using conventional spectrum scan method, wherein, Fig. 3 (a) composes for velocity energy, Fig. 3 (b) For vertical velocity comparison, Fig. 3 (c) is velocity equivalent comparison, and Fig. 3 (d) composes for converted wave anisotropic parameters.
Fig. 4 is four Parameter Spectrums according to the acquisition of the inventive method, wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is velocity energy spectrum, and Fig. 4 (b) is Vertical velocity comparison, Fig. 4 (c) are velocity equivalent comparison, and Fig. 4 (d) is converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum, Fig. 4 (e) show by The channel set that four parameters are evened up.
Fig. 5 is the dynamic calibration result figure for having brought anisotropic parameters into, wherein, Fig. 5 (a) composes for velocity energy, Fig. 5 (b) The converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum obtained for conventional correlation energy spectral method, Fig. 5 (c), which is shown, has brought anisotropic parameters into Trace gather move calibration result figure.
Fig. 6 is the dynamic calibration result figure for having brought anisotropic parameters into, wherein, Fig. 6 (a) composes for velocity energy, Fig. 6 (b) To sample the converted wave anisotropy that the acquisition methods of the converted wave anisotropic parameters of exemplary embodiment of the present spectrum obtain Parameter, Fig. 6 (c) show that the trace gather for having brought anisotropic parameters into moves calibration result figure.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, the converted wave anisotropy according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing and exemplary embodiment The acquisition methods and converted-wave velocity analysis method of Parameter Spectrum.In the present invention, coherent energy spectrum (also known as energy spectrum, correlation Spectrum, coherence spectrum), converted wave anisotropic parameters (referred to as anisotropic parameters), converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum is (referred to as Anisotropic parameters is composed or anisotropic spectral).It is dynamic correct operation that trace gather, which is evened up,.It is dynamic correct operation that trace gather, which is evened up,.Speed Spend energy spectrum (referred to as normal-moveout spectrum).
For velocity model building, speed parameter can be extracted on energy spectrum, and therefore, the present invention proposes to pass through four Four parameters that Parameter Spectrum accurately extracts, ask for the basis that accurate four Parameter Spectrum is four-parameter conversion wave Velocity Analysis.Four parameters Refer to：Converted wave stack velocity (or migration velocity) Vc2, vertical speed compare γ0, equivalent velocity ratio γeffWith converted wave anisotropy Coefficient χeff。
The present invention obtains the technical thought that converted wave anisotropic parameters is composed：Coherence spectrum is calculated by channel set, counted Stack velocity (or migration velocity), vertical velocity ratio are weeded out during calculating coherence spectrum and compares trace gather with velocity equivalent and is drawn The influence of flat effect, leaves behind the influence that anisotropic parameters is carried out to trace gather, and uses sparse sampling point method, interpolation, during amplitude Between direction equilibrium come obtain converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.
The acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters vertical velocity comparison according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention include Following steps：
(1) by converted wave common-conversion point gather, either common reflection point CRP trace gathers are produced into common transfer point channel set or CRP Channel set.
Channel set is exactly away from entering the seismic channels of adjacent several common-conversion point gather or CRP trace gathers according to same offset The rule of row overlapping is all combined, and forms a new trace gather, and this new trace gather is referred to as big trace gather.Big trace gather Effect：1. by improving degree of covering and improving signal to noise ratio by being superimposed reinforcement effectively reflection reduction abnormal reflection in the same direction.② Spatial sampling interval is reduced, prevents space aliasing.In processes, channel set can improve velocity analysis precision, improve repeatedly Ripple pressing result etc..Certainly, the invention is not restricted to this, common-conversion point gather or CRP trace gathers can also be used directly to produce and turn Change ripple anisotropic parameters vertical velocity comparison.But low SNR data processing in using channel set produce converted wave respectively to The precision that Anisotropic parameter spectrum directly produces converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum than common-conversion point gather or CRP trace gathers is higher, because And it is preferred that being handled using channel set.
(2) enter cross-correlation in trade to channel set, reject (part) and disturb extremely, improve the resolution ratio of channel set.Certainly, The invention is not restricted to this, and this step can not also be done, that is, omits cross-correlation operation in road.
(3) anisotropic spectral scanning is carried out using channel set, in scanning process, subtracts stack velocity (or migration velocity) Vc2The influence evened up to trace gather, while subtract vertical velocity and compare γ0With equivalent velocity ratio γeffThe influence evened up to trace gather.
Improve the precision of converted-wave velocity analysis, it is necessary to consider anisotropic influence.The anisotropy on stratum is special Sign be mainly manifested on large offseting distance (such as Fig. 5 (c) do not use anisotropic parameters large offseting distance trace gather be not flattened, Fig. 6 (c) is flattened using anisotropic parameters large offseting distance), converted wave has stronger energy on large offseting distance.Therefore, Conversion fluctuation school, which just must take into consideration, evens up large offseting distance lineups.Anisotropy be exactly mainly control trace gather large offseting distance (or The remote offset distance of person, super remote offset distance) trace gather evens up effect.
Conversion fluctuation school in horizontal layer VTI (transverse isotropy (VTI) medium i.e. with vertical symmetry axis) medium Positive equation is：
Wherein, tCFor converted wave at offset distance x the TWT two-way time；tC0For (existing skill of vertical two-way time It is referred to as converted wave zero-offset TWT in art)；vC2For converted wave stack velocity or migration velocity；γ0And γeffPoint Wei not vertical velocity ratio and equivalent velocity ratio；χeffFor converted wave anisotropy coefficient.
When carrying out anisotropic spectral scanning, the converted wave stack velocity of each period (each sampling point) (or skew Speed) vC2, and vertical velocity compares γ0With equivalent velocity ratio γeffAll it is constant；Pass through the converted wave anisotropy of change Parameter value χeffObtain different trace gathers and even up effect.By different switching ripple anisotropic parameters value χeffThe trace gather identical evened up (it is exactly χeff01 trace gather evened up, it is exactly χeff02 trace gather evened up, it is exactly χeff03 trace gather evened up etc., these trace gather identicals Part), it is mainly by converted wave stack velocity (or migration velocity) vC2, vertical velocity compare γ0With equivalent velocity ratio γeff The road that effect is evened up in control is cut, and remaining road is overlapped, and obtained stack result is exactly the spectrum of anisotropic spectral.
If four Parameter Spectrums are obtained using conventional spectrum scan method, for example, the geological data collected to the first area enters Row processing, velocity energy spectrum speed are spaced 100 from 1500 to 6000 and are scanned, and being 1500,1600,1700 ... 6000 enters Row scanning, energy supposition is carried out afterwards and obtains coherent superposition spectrum, shown in gained normal-moveout spectrum such as Fig. 3 (a).Using different converted waves Vertical velocity compares γ0Scanning, γ0Interval 0.2 is scanned from 1 to 5, and being 1,1.2,1.4 ... 5 is scanned, and carries out afterwards Energy supposition obtains coherent superposition spectrum, shown in gained vertical velocity comparison such as Fig. 3 (b).Using different converted wave velocity equivalents Compare γeffScanning, γeffInterval 0.2 is scanned from 1 to 5, and being 1,1.2,1.4 ... 5 is scanned, and carries out energy afterwards Superposition obtains coherent superposition spectrum, shown in gained velocity equivalent comparison such as Fig. 3 (c).Using different anisotropic parameters χeffSweep Retouch, χeffFrom -0.5 to 0.5 interval 0.1 is scanned, and is -0.5, -0.49 ... ... 0.5 to be scanned, is carried out energy afterwards Superposition obtains coherent superposition spectrum, and gained converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum is as shown in Fig. 3 (d).
According to above formula and practical experience, in the process of evening up to channel set lineups, speed parameter is to play key Effect, the near migration range and middle offset distance that can make channel set lineups substantially are all evened up, and anisotropic character (is four parameters Middle vertical velocity moves the feature of correct influences than parameter, equivalent velocity ratio parameter, anisotropic parameters to trace gather) it is mainly manifested in On large offseting distance.And large offseting distance is for a trace gather, a simply considerably less part, so, if as shown in figure 3, By the way of the spectrum scanning of routine, scanning result only has faint change on large offseting distance, then spectrum shows spectrum It is laterally without too big change, the direct feel showed in spectrum is exactly that whole spectrum is the phenomenon for stretching bar in the horizontal, without effectively Focusing energy group, it is difficult to carry out by the way of the anisotropic parameters that routine is extracted on energy group to be.Need It is bright, generally it is exactly that these maximum energy values or most obvious energy group are chosen on energy spectrum in conventional treatment, and The speed at the energy group or energy value and corresponding time are obtained, has just obtained a time speed of the velocity analysis point It is right.By that analogy, it is possible to obtain the All Time speed pair of some velocity analysis point, i.e. pickup velocity.
Therefore, further, the conventional mode for composing scanning is optimized the present invention, it is proposed that high-precision anisotropy The acquisition methods of spectrum.
First, according to the calculation formula (formula (1)) during travelling, when using different anisotropic parameters χeffScanning When, no matter χeffHow to change, but tC0、vC2、γ0And γeffDo not change, have determined.Evened up from channel set Effect performance from the point of view of, be exactly that near migration range and middle offset distance have been evened up substantially, anisotropic parameters χeffChange only can Cause the change of large offseting distance (remote offset distance).Therefore, when anisotropic spectral is obtained, by same phase in each scanning process Axle does not have what is changed, for example, only by stack velocity (or migration velocity) vC2The road of the near migration range of influence and middle offset distance picks Except the superposition for the calculating process for out, being not involved in composing.The so remaining spectrum that participates in calculates (participation converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum Calculating) road, it is possible to be thought of as only being influenceed by anisotropic parameters, be reliable.Certainly, anisotropy is being obtained When spectrum, lineups in each scanning process are not had what is changed, only by stack velocity (or migration velocity) vC2Control Near migration range and middle offset distance selective trace muting, if data is compared γ by vertical velocity0With equivalent velocity ratio γeffInfluence It is larger, then to be also required to vertical velocity comparing γ0With equivalent velocity ratio γeffRemote offset distance weeds out in influenceing, and is not involved in composing Calculating process superposition (typically reality processing procedure in if offset distance is very big, then vertical velocity can be compared γ0 With equivalent velocity ratio γeffRemote offset distance weeds out in influenceing, if offset distance not be very it is big also just only rejecting vC2Control Near migration range and middle offset distance road.So remaining road participates in the calculating of anisotropic spectral, participates in the road can calculated It is thought of as only being influenceed by anisotropic parameters, is reliable.Here, the size on offset distance, due to each area not It is identical, so the quantization of a determination can not be provided, the offset distance of thinking of ordinary practice more than 1.5 times of depth is exactly big Offset distance, it is exactly super large offset distance more than 2 times.
In addition, in the process, the algorithm of scanning spectrum is also improved：
Due in the processing of reality, stack velocity that treatment people is got be typically it is discrete, not with trace gather Each sampling point is corresponding.That is the stack velocity that treatment people is got not is to have one on each sampling point of each trace gather Corresponding speed, it is therefore desirable to row interpolation is entered to known stack velocity, makes the sampling point of stack velocity and each sampling point of trace gather Match.But the invention is not restricted to this, when the sampling point of stack velocity is in itself that matching (correspondence) is just not required to one by one with trace gather sampling point Want interpolation.
Conventional method is scanned calculating to each sampled point of a certain seismic channel of geological data.But in actual money In material, longitudinally adjacent to spot scan calculate result it is closely similar, it is preferred that the application is swept using sparse sampling point method Calculating is retouched, i.e., calculating is scanned by (longitudinally spaced) sampling point (i.e. time point, abbreviation sampling point) that extracts of intervals, to not The sampling point (having neither part nor lot in the sampling point that scanning calculates) chosen, the spectrum of the sampling point is obtained using interpolation, and the operation can be carried greatly The computational efficiency of high spectrum, and longitudinally opposed smooth, consistent spectrum can be obtained, the vertical consistency and statistics for improving spectrum are advised Rule property.Wherein, interpolation can be trigonometric interpolation or linear interpolation.
(4) because in the seismic data of reality, influenceed by near surface interference and receive wave detector and ripple is being propagated During the influence that decays, and the influence of the removal procedure in processing procedure, the shallow-layer of trace gather and the energy of deep layer with it is middle Layer energy compare, energy is weaker, result in spectrum energy group also show energy is weaker.If directly to such in display Spectrum carries out data normalization processing, then shallow-layer and the energy group energy of deep layer are likely to further be weakened, or even display is not Out.Therefore, the anisotropic parameters spectrum obtained to step (3), according to the size of time orientation, row amplitude falling temporally is entered Number is weighted, and ensures that anisotropic parameters spectrum shallow-layer, the energy size of energy group of deep layer tend to substantially from top to bottom Unanimously, it is the equilibrium calculation of amplitude above and below being carried out to obtained anisotropic parameters spectrum.The concrete operations of weighted calculation are： The average amplitude value of each period counted according to timesharing window tries to achieve a weight coefficient sequence along time orientation linear change { A1, A2 ..., An }, wherein, n >=1 and n are integer, it is necessary to explanation, because seismic wave is propagated in different stratum Speed is different, and the equivalent velocity ratio on each stratum is also different, so on different time depths, statistics obtains weighting system Number is different.By count obtain weight coefficient be Ai when window each sampling point amplitude divided by Ai, i be positive integer, i from 1 gets n, obtains the velocity equivalent comparison of upper and lower equilibrium.Such as weight coefficient is respectively：2000th, 5000,4000,3000, it will unite Meter obtain weight coefficient be 2000 when window sampling point amplitude all divided by 2000, by count obtain 5000 when window sampling point Amplitude whole divided by 5000, the spectrum of shallow mid-deep strata energy group balancing energy is obtained by that analogy ....The weighting meter of the application Weight coefficient using the average amplitude value of certain a period of time window or peak swing value as window when this at last, for example, at one window it is flat Equal amplitude is 2000, then using 2000 as window when this weight coefficient.But the invention is not restricted to this, when propagating in the earth formation, because To excite acceptable conditionses to be completely secured not by any interference, it is interfered and is possible to receive exceptional value, after scanning Also exceptional value is just had.If using exceptional value as maximum, then the maximum of window when will make to compose existing exception, therefore delete Window when this is simultaneously deleted the maximum after peak swing value and minimum amplitude value in remaining amplitude by amplitude and minimum amplitude value Amplitude or average amplitude value are as weight coefficient.
(5) anisotropic parameters spectrum is shown using RGB, is easy to anisotropic parameters to extract.
Shown and composed using RGB, be easy to protrude energy group, be easy to treatment people to select anisotropic parameters.But the present invention Not limited to this, other manner display spectrum, such as wiggle variable area can also be used to show that gray scale is shown.
In order to ensure RGB display effect, some faint useless display informations are rejected, it is preferable that carry out to step (4) the balanced anisotropic parameters spectrum of the amplitude up and down obtained carries out amplitude normalization processing, and upper and lower amplitude is balanced Anisotropic parameters spectrum each amplitude control in predetermined interval (such as between 0 to 1) or predetermined value (such as 100)) Balanced to upper and lower amplitude and normalized anisotropic parameters spectrum.Specifically, amplitude normalization processing step is to shake up and down The each amplitude divided by normalization factor of the anisotropic parameters spectrum of amplitude balanced.Wherein, normalization factor can be：On 1. The peak swing value or average value of the balanced anisotropic parameters spectrum of lower amplitude；2. reject amplitude up and down it is balanced it is each to Peak swing value or average value after the peak swing value and minimum amplitude value of Anisotropic parameter spectrum.For example amplitude is obtained and is 1st, 0.9,0.8 ..., 1 is then weeded out, it is 0.9 to reject effective amplitude energy maximum in residual amplitude after 1, whole spectrum Each amplitude divided by 0.9.Here, the peak swing value of normalization factor and the purpose of minimum amplitude value is rejected with above to add Weight coefficient processing is the same, is the influence in order to avoid exceptional value.Normalized is to make the display of spectrum more attractive and protrude Preferred steps, can also be without normalized but the invention is not restricted to this.
Above step (1)~(5) are the acquisition methods of anisotropic spectral, but the invention is not restricted to this, the above method also may be used Only to need to replace vertical velocity than parameter scanning for carrying out the calculating of velocity equivalent comparison and velocity equivalent comparison, in calculating Change equivalent velocity ratio parameter scanning and equivalent velocity ratio scanning into.It should be noted that in step (3), it is same in correction During phase axle, each parameter controls a distinctive offset distance section, for example, VC2Near migration range is controlled (for example, x/z ＜ 1.0), γeff、γ0Offset distance/middle large offseting distance (for example, x/z ＜ 1.5), χ in controleffControl remote offset distance (x/z ＜ 2.0), lineups are made to even up completely.Wherein, x is offset distance, and z is depth, and above-mentioned near migration range, middle offset distance/in it is big partially Move and refer to what is generally selected away from the span with remote offset distance, but be not that each data is complete the invention is not restricted to this Determine entirely according to this value.
Certainly, method of the invention is readily applicable to calculating that equivalent velocity ratio in four parameters composes and vertical velocity ratio Calculate.This method is applicable not only to converted wave migration velocity analysis, and is applied to converted wave stack velocity analysis.Here, it is fast Degree analysis is divided into migration velocity analysis, stack velocity analysis.Either migration velocity analysis or stack velocity analysis, there is four Parameter, three parameters, the velocity analysis method of two parameter.Two parameter refers to converted wave stack velocity, equivalent velocity ratio, three parameters： Converted wave stack velocity, the vertical velocity ratio and equivalent velocity ratio of pickup.
Converted-wave velocity analysis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, picks up parameter in each spectrum, then will Parameter is brought into calculation formula, obtains V.For example, using converted wave stack velocity, converted wave anisotropic parameters, vertical speed The equivalent velocity ratio that picks up to obtain comes estimating speed field and (carries out changing wave velocity and divide on degree ratio and above-mentioned velocity equivalent comparison Analysis).
Converted-wave velocity analysis method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in the converted wave anisotropy of above-mentioned acquisition Anisotropic parameters ratio is picked up on Parameter Spectrum；Using converted wave stack velocity, vertical velocity than, equivalent velocity ratio and pickup Converted wave anisotropic parameters comes estimating speed field；Or using converted wave stack velocity and the converted wave of the pickup respectively to different Property parameter comes estimating speed field.Preferably, stack velocity can be picked up in velocity energy spectrum and obtained, the acquisition of velocity energy spectrum It can be obtained by the way of disclosed in Application No. 201410307959.X Chinese patent application, or stack velocity spectrum is also It can be handled by using sampling point and longitudinal direction (i.e. time orientation) weighted balance is extracted, i.e. using sparse in above-mentioned steps (3) Sampling point method is scanned calculating, and the weighted calculation and normalized of step (4), wherein because stack velocity spectrum can not pick The road evened up as different stack velocities scan is removed, thus is handled without the rejecting in step (3).Vertical velocity ratio exists Pick up and obtain on the vertical velocity comparison obtained according to the technology of the present invention thinking.Converted wave anisotropic parameters is according to this hair Obtained converted wave anisotropic parameters is picked up in the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum that bright technical thought obtains.
Above-mentioned example embodiment for a better understanding of the present invention, enters with reference to specific example and comparative example to it Row further illustrates.
Example 1
Example 1 is that the actual seismic data collected with the first area obtain four Parameter Spectrums.
1. obtain velocity equivalent comparison
(1) converted wave CRP gather generation common reflection point channel set is utilized.
In this example, 5 CRP gathers, CrossLine are chosen using each before and after analysis site inLine directions Respectively choose 5 CRP gathers in direction or so.These trace gathers are overlapped according to rule of the same offset away from packet, formed One channel set.
(2) cross-correlation in trade is entered to channel set, rejecting abnormalities are disturbed, and improve the resolution ratio of channel set.
(3) row interpolation is entered to known stack velocity, the sampling point of stack velocity and each sampling point of trace gather is matched.
Using different converted wave equivalent velocity ratio γeffScanning, γeffInterval 0.2 is scanned from 1 to 5, is 1, 1.2,1.4 ... 5 are scanned, and compare different switching ripple equivalent velocity ratio γeffThe effect that channel set lineups are evened up after scanning Fruit, compare in theory since first of channel set, but in actual applications, it is general regardless of γeffHow to change, because tC0 And vC2Do not change, have determined.It is exactly near migration range and middle skew from the point of view of the effect performance that channel set is evened up Away from having evened up substantially, equivalent velocity ratio γeffChange can only cause the change of middle large offseting distance.Certainly in theory respectively to The opposite sex is also mainly manifested on large offseting distance, therefore is compared since the interim orbit of channel set to remote offset distance direction, this Supported in theory, this is also feasible from the application of reality.Compare different equivalent speed ratio parameter scanning Channel set is evened up rear lineups and changed afterwards, not exclusively the same road, records, and road by the road and afterwards is using progress energy Amount superposition obtains coherent superposition energy spectrum.Just record when the road that calculated value changes and be superimposed since that road.
To 5000ms data, the extraction of sampling point is carried out using 8ms fixed intervals, meter is scanned to the sampling point of extraction Calculate, to the data within the unselected each 8ms of the sampling point got, the spectrum of the sampling point is obtained using trigonometric interpolation.
(4) equilibrium calculation of amplitude up and down is carried out to obtained velocity equivalent comparison according to time size.Point 8ms when The average amplitude value of each period of window statistics tries to achieve a weight coefficient sequence along time orientation linear change.When window for slide Window when dynamic, the step-length of slip is 4ms.By the amplitude of all sampling points in each sliding window divided by the sliding window plus Weight coefficient, the step are exactly to carry out amplitude equalization along time orientation.Then whole amplitude energy is carried out to equalised spectrum Count and be normalized, obtain upper and lower balanced and normalized velocity equivalent comparison.
(5) it is shown using RGB display spectrum, velocity equivalent comparison such as Fig. 4 (c) of institute.
2. obtain vertical velocity comparison γ0
(1) converted wave CRP gather generation common reflection point channel set is utilized.
In this example, 5 CRP gathers, CrossLine are chosen using each before and after analysis site inLine directions Respectively choose 5 CRP gathers in direction or so.These trace gathers are overlapped according to rule of the same offset away from packet, formed One channel set.
(2) cross-correlation in trade is entered to channel set, rejecting abnormalities are disturbed, and improve the resolution ratio of channel set.
(3) row interpolation is entered to known stack velocity, the sampling point of stack velocity and each sampling point of trace gather is matched.
γ is compared using different converted wave vertical velocities0Scanning, γ0Interval 0.2 is scanned from 1 to 5, is 1,1.2, 1.4 ... 5 are scanned, and compare different switching ripple vertical velocity and compare γ0The effect that channel set lineups are evened up after scanning, it is theoretical On compare since first of channel set, it is but in actual applications, general no matter γ0How to change, because tC0And vC2It is not have Change, have determined.From the point of view of the performance of effect that channel set is evened up, be exactly near migration range and middle offset distance substantially Through evening up, vertical velocity compares γ0Change can only cause the change of middle large offseting distance.Certainly anisotropy is also main in theory Show on large offseting distance, therefore be compared since the interim orbit of channel set to remote offset distance direction, this is in theory Supported, this is also feasible from the application of reality.Compare different vertical velocities to draw than channel set after parameter scanning Lineups are changed after flat, not exclusively the same road, record, and road by the road and afterwards is obtained using energy supposition is carried out Coherent superposition is composed.Just record when the road that calculated value changes and compare since that road.
To 5000ms data, the extraction of sampling point is carried out using 8ms fixed intervals, meter is scanned to the sampling point of extraction Calculate, to the data within the unselected each 8ms of the sampling point got, the spectrum of the sampling point is obtained using trigonometric interpolation.
(4) equilibrium calculation of amplitude up and down is carried out to obtained vertical velocity comparison according to time size.Point 8ms when The average amplitude value of each period of window statistics tries to achieve a weight coefficient sequence along time orientation linear change.When window for slide Window when dynamic, the step-length of slip is 4ms.By the amplitude of all sampling points in each sliding window divided by the sliding window plus Weight coefficient, the step are exactly to carry out amplitude equalization along time orientation.Then whole amplitude energy is carried out to equalised spectrum Count and be normalized, obtain upper and lower balanced and normalized vertical velocity comparison.
(5) it is shown using RGB display spectrum, vertical velocity comparison such as Fig. 4 (b) of institute.
3. obtain converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrumχeff
(1) converted wave CRP gather generation common reflection point channel set is utilized.
In this example, 5 CRP gathers, CrossLine are chosen using each before and after analysis site inLine directions Respectively choose 5 CRP gathers in direction or so.These trace gathers are overlapped according to rule of the same offset away from packet, formed One channel set.
(2) cross-correlation in trade is entered to channel set, rejecting abnormalities are disturbed, and improve the resolution ratio of channel set.
(3) row interpolation is entered to known stack velocity, the sampling point of stack velocity and each sampling point of trace gather is matched.
Using different anisotropic parameters χeffScanning, χeffFrom -0.5 to 0.5 interval 0.1 is scanned, be - 0.5, -0.49 ... ... 0.5 is scanned, and compares different switching ripple anisotropic parameters χeffChannel set lineups are evened up after scanning Effect, compare in theory since first of channel set, but in actual applications, it is general no matter χeffHow to change, because tC0、vC2、γeff、γ0Do not change, have determined.It is exactly nearly skew from the point of view of the effect performance that channel set is evened up Away from having been evened up substantially with middle offset distance, anisotropic parameters χeffChange can only cause the change of large offseting distance.Certainly reason Also it is mainly manifested on large offseting distance by upper anisotropy, therefore is carried out since the interim orbit of channel set to remote offset distance direction Compare, this is supported in theory, and this is also feasible from the application of reality.Compare different anisotropic parameterses Channel set is evened up rear lineups and changed after scanning, not exclusively the same road, records, and road by the road and afterwards uses Row energy supposition obtains coherent superposition spectrum.
To 5000ms data, the extraction of sampling point is carried out using 8ms fixed intervals, meter is scanned to the sampling point of extraction Calculate, to the data within the unselected each 8ms of the sampling point got, the spectrum of the sampling point is obtained using trigonometric interpolation.
(4) equilibrium calculation of amplitude up and down is carried out to obtained anisotropic parameters spectrum according to time size.Divide 8ms's When window statistics the average amplitude value of each period try to achieve a weight coefficient sequence along time orientation linear change.When window be Sliding window, the step-length of slip is 4ms.By the amplitude of all sampling points in each sliding window divided by the sliding window Weight coefficient, the step are exactly to carry out amplitude equalization along time orientation.Then whole amplitude energy is carried out to equalised spectrum Statistics and be normalized, obtain balanced up and down and normalized converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.
(5) using RGB display spectrum, gained converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum is as shown in Fig. 4 (d).
4. acquisition speed is composed
(1) converted wave CRP gather generation common reflection point channel set is utilized.
In this example, 5 CRP gathers, CrossLine are chosen using each before and after analysis site inLine directions Respectively choose 5 CRP gathers in direction or so.These trace gathers are overlapped according to rule of the same offset away from packet, formed One channel set.
(2) cross-correlation in trade is entered to channel set, rejecting abnormalities are disturbed, and improve the resolution ratio of channel set.
(3) row interpolation is entered to known speed, the sampling point of speed and each sampling point of trace gather is matched.
Using different velocity scannings, speed is spaced 100 from 1500 to 6000 and is scanned, and is 1500,1600, 1700 ... 6000 are scanned, and carry out energy supposition afterwards and obtain coherent superposition spectrum.
To 5000ms data, the extraction of sampling point is carried out using 8ms fixed intervals, meter is scanned to the sampling point of extraction Calculate, to the data within the unselected each 8ms of the sampling point got, the spectrum of the sampling point is obtained using trigonometric interpolation.
(4) equilibrium calculation of amplitude up and down is carried out to obtained normal-moveout spectrum according to time size.8ms when window is divided to count The average amplitude value of each period try to achieve a weight coefficient sequence along time orientation linear change.When window for slide when Window, the step-length of slip is 4ms.By the weighting system of the amplitude of all sampling points in each sliding window divided by the sliding window Number, the step are exactly to carry out amplitude equalization along time orientation.Then the statistics of whole amplitude energy is carried out to equalised spectrum And be normalized, obtain upper and lower balanced and normalized normal-moveout spectrum.
(5) it is shown using RGB display spectrum, gained normal-moveout spectrum such as Fig. 4 (a).
Fig. 3 is four Parameter Spectrums obtained using conventional spectrum scan method, from figure 3, it can be seen that except normal-moveout spectrum, other ginsengs Several spectrums are essentially all the phenomenon for stretching bar, without effective energy group, it is impossible to carry out effective parameter pickup, such spectrum pair Parameter picks up no any directive significance；Fig. 4 is four Parameter Spectrums that the inventive method obtains.Comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 can be seen that After method using the present invention, the main energetic group respectively composed restrains, and is unanimously to match with main phase axle time orientation with trace gather , the pickup of parameter is carried out in the main energetic group of each spectrum, trace gather also becomes straight in the lineups of same time, also complied with Actual geological condition.
Example 2
The processing that example 2 is carried out based on being the actual seismic data collected by the second area.
1. converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum is obtained according to the inventive method
(1) the common transfer point channel set of converted wave CRP gather generation is utilized.
In this example, 5 common-conversion point gathers, CrossLine are chosen using each before and after analysis site inLine directions Respectively choose 5 common-conversion point gathers in direction or so.These trace gathers are overlapped according to rule of the same offset away from packet, formed One channel set.
(2) row interpolation is entered to known stack velocity, the sampling point of stack velocity and each sampling point of trace gather is matched.
Using different anisotropic parameters χeffScanning, χeffFrom 0 to 0.5, interval 0.01 is scanned, and is 0, 0.01 ... ..., 0.5 is scanned, and compares different switching ripple anisotropic parameters χeffThe effect that channel set lineups are evened up after scanning Fruit, compare in theory since first of channel set, but in actual applications, it is general regardless of χeffHow to change, because tC0、 vC2、γeff、γ0Do not change, have determined.It is exactly near migration range from the point of view of the effect performance that channel set is evened up Evened up substantially with middle offset distance, anisotropic parameters χeffChange can only cause the change of large offseting distance.Certainly it is theoretical Upper anisotropy is also mainly manifested on large offseting distance, therefore is compared since the interim orbit of channel set to remote offset distance direction Compared with this is supported in theory, and this is also feasible from the application of reality.Compare different anisotropic parameterses to sweep Retouch rear channel set and even up rear lineups and change, not exclusively the same road, record, road by the road and afterwards is using progress Energy supposition obtains coherent superposition spectrum.
To 4000ms data, the extraction of sampling point is carried out using 8ms fixed intervals, meter is scanned to the sampling point of extraction Calculate, to the data within the unselected each 8ms of the sampling point got, the spectrum of the sampling point is obtained using trigonometric interpolation.
(4) equilibrium calculation of amplitude up and down is carried out to obtained anisotropic parameters spectrum according to time size.Divide 8ms's When window statistics the average amplitude value of each period try to achieve a weight coefficient sequence along time orientation linear change.When window be Sliding window, the step-length of slip is 4ms.By the amplitude of all sampling points in each sliding window divided by the sliding window Weight coefficient, the step are exactly to carry out amplitude equalization along time orientation.Then whole amplitude energy is carried out to equalised spectrum Statistics and be normalized, obtain balanced up and down and normalized anisotropic parameters spectrum.
(5) using RGB display spectrum, the anisotropic parameters spectrum of gained is as shown in Fig. 6 (b).
2. obtain converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum according to conventional
Using different converted wave anisotropic parameters χeffScanning, χeffFrom 0 to 0.5, interval 0.01 is scanned, and is 0,0.01 ... ..., 0.5 is scanned, and carries out energy supposition afterwards and obtains coherent superposition spectrum, gained velocity equivalent comparison such as Fig. 5 (b) shown in.
3. acquisition speed is composed
(1) the common transfer point channel set of converted wave common-conversion point gather generation is utilized.
In this example, 5 common-conversion point gathers, CrossLine are chosen using each before and after analysis site inLine directions Respectively choose 5 common-conversion point gathers in direction or so.These trace gathers are overlapped according to rule of the same offset away from packet, formed One channel set.
(2) cross-correlation in trade is entered to channel set, rejecting abnormalities are disturbed, and improve the resolution ratio of channel set.
(3) due in the processing of reality, speed that treatment people is got be typically it is discrete, it is not every with trace gather One sampling point is corresponding.That is the speed that treatment people is got not is to have on each sampling point of each trace gather corresponding to one Speed, it is therefore desirable to entering row interpolation to known speed, make the sampling point of speed and each sampling point of trace gather match.
Using different velocity scannings, speed is spaced 50 from 2000 to 6500 and is scanned, and is 2000,2500 ... 6500 are scanned, and carry out energy supposition afterwards and obtain coherent superposition spectrum.
To 4000ms data, the extraction of sampling point is carried out using 8ms fixed intervals, meter is scanned to the sampling point of extraction Calculate, to the data within the unselected each 8ms of the sampling point got, the spectrum of the sampling point is obtained using trigonometric interpolation.
(4) equilibrium calculation of amplitude up and down is carried out to obtained normal-moveout spectrum according to time size.8ms when window is divided to count The average amplitude value of each period try to achieve a weight coefficient sequence along time orientation linear change.When window for slide when Window, the step-length of slip is 4ms.By the weighting system of the amplitude of all sampling points in each sliding window divided by the sliding window Number, the step are exactly to carry out amplitude equalization along time orientation.Then the statistics of whole amplitude energy is carried out to equalised spectrum And be normalized, obtain upper and lower balanced and normalized normal-moveout spectrum.
(5) it is shown using RGB display spectrum, gained normal-moveout spectrum such as Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 6 (a).
Fig. 5 b are the anisotropic parameters spectrograms that conventional coherent energy spectral method obtains, and whole figure is without the energy concentrated Group, is laterally substantially to stretch line.It is longitudinally no any uniformity, successional.Parameter is carried out in such spectrum Extraction, Fig. 5 (c) dynamic calibration result is primarily to see to adjust the value of extraction, has no idea to be extracted according to the position of energy group Parameter.And the guidance of no energy group is adjusted according to Fig. 5 (c) dynamic calibration result, it is necessary to constantly attempt, it is every in spectrum One point will from left to right be attempted just find a good value many times, expend very much the time.And the effect of dynamic correction With from the point of view of visually, some subtle differences are not easy what is found out for the change of fruit, such as 0.1 and 0.12 dynamic school of some places selection Plus effect gap is little, visually differs and surely easily distinguishes, and no energy group comes auxiliary judgment, very labor intensive, Also it is accurate not as having energy group auxiliary judgment.
Fig. 6 b are to adopt the anisotropic parameters spectrogram being obtained by the present invention, and whole figure energy group is concentrated, and is laterally The phenomenon of line is not stretched.The energy group of longitudinal direction is also clearly.Anisotropic parameters can be directly carried out in such spectrum Extraction.And the dynamic calibration result of 6 (c) figure can be seen to verify the correctness of the value of extraction, it can be seen that in energy group position The anisotropic parameters of extraction, even up Fig. 6 (c) trace gather large offseting distance road, with Fig. 5 (b) according to dynamic calibration result The parameter for judging to extract is basically identical, it was demonstrated that the computational methods of spectrum have no problem, and are had no problem on the position of energy group 's.But extracted on the anisotropic spectral generated according to the inventive method anisotropic parameters than completely according to dynamic calibration result come Try extracting parameter the obvious efficiency high of the method for extracting parameter is very in the case where the parameter extracted is similar, on Fig. 6 (b) It is more, because not stopping from left to right to try parameter, the process constantly attempted.Parameter is picked up in Fig. 5 (b) spectrums, picks up each Point will from left to right be attempted just find a good value many times, expend very much the time.And Fig. 6 not only can be seen Examine the position that the effect of correction can be rolled into a ball with reference energy, some subtle differences be not easy what is found out, than if any ground Selection 0.1 and 0.12 dynamic calibration result gap in side's is little, visually differ and surely easily distinguish, and energy group can aid in Judge, not only the efficiency high but also degree of accuracy is also higher.
In summary, it is improved to be carried out according to the situation of spectrum reflection by empirical estimating according to the present invention, the acquisition of four parameters Accurate extraction, the precision of converted wave four-parameter velocity analysis can be improved, so as to improve the work of converted wave velocity model building Efficiency.
Although above by describing the present invention with reference to exemplary embodiment, those skilled in the art should be clear Chu, in the case where not departing from the spirit and scope that claim is limited, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be carried out each Kind modifications and changes.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum, it is characterised in that the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum Acquisition methods comprise the following steps：
    The spectrum scanning of converted wave anisotropic parameters is carried out using converted wave common-conversion point gather or CRP gather, is being scanned During, lineups are composed without the road changed, and using remaining road as participation after processing is evened up in dynamic correction in rejecting trace gather The road of superposition calculation；
    Converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum is weighted, to be carried out to converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum along time orientation Amplitude equalization processing, the weighted calculation step include：The weight coefficient of window when timesharing window or each sliding window statistics, will be every When individual in window the amplitude of each sampling point divided by it is corresponding when weight coefficient；
    Show converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.
  2. 2. the acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weighting system Number is to delete the average amplitude value or peak swing value during to corresponding to after interior exceptional value.
  3. 3. the acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be total in converted wave Sampled point is chosen on any road of transfer point trace gather or CRP gather at predetermined intervals and carries out the converted wave respectively to different Property Parameter Spectrum scanning, and obtain using interpolation the spectrum of sampled point unselected in any road.
  4. 4. the acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the converted wave The acquisition methods of anisotropic parameters spectrum also include generating transfer point channel set or root altogether according to converted wave common-conversion point gather Common reflection point channel set is generated according to CRP gather, and institute is carried out using transfer point channel set altogether or common reflection point channel set State the spectrum scanning of converted wave anisotropic parameters.
  5. 5. the acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the converted wave The acquisition methods of anisotropic parameters spectrum are additionally included in before the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum scanning step, to converted wave Common-conversion point gather or CRP gather enter cross-correlation in trade.
  6. 6. the acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum according to claim 1, the converted wave anisotropy ginseng The acquisition methods of number spectrum are additionally included in after the weighted calculation step, and place is normalized to converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum Reason, each amplitude that converted wave anisotropic parameters is composed are controlled in predetermined interval or predetermined value, the normalized Step be by the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum each amplitude divided by normalization factor, wherein, the normalization because Son for the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum peak swing value either average amplitude value or, the normalization factor is Reject the peak swing value after the peak swing value and minimum amplitude value of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum or averagely shake Amplitude.
  7. 7. the acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that using RGB Show the converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum.
  8. A kind of 8. converted-wave velocity analysis method, it is characterised in that the converted-wave velocity analysis method includes：In claim The converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum that the acquisition methods of converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum in 1 to 7 described in any one obtain Upper pickup anisotropic parameters；
    Estimated using stack velocity, vertical velocity than, equivalent velocity ratio and the converted wave anisotropic parameters of the pickup Velocity field；
    Or using stack velocity and the converted wave anisotropic parameters of the pickup come estimating speed field.
  9. 9. converted-wave velocity analysis method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the stack velocity passes through in speed Pick up and obtain on energy spectrum, the velocity energy spectrum obtains in the following manner：
    Velocity energy spectrum scanning is carried out using converted wave common-conversion point gather or CRP gather；
    Velocity energy spectrum is weighted, the weighted calculation step includes window when timesharing window or each sliding window statistics Weight coefficient, when will be each in window the amplitude of each sampling point divided by it is corresponding when weight coefficient；
    Display speed energy spectrum；
    Wherein, it is described to converted wave anisotropic parameters spectrum be weighted step and it is described to velocity energy spectrum be weighted Weight coefficient in the step of calculating is to delete the average amplitude value or peak swing value during to corresponding to after interior exceptional value.
  10. 10. converted-wave velocity analysis method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that in converted wave common-conversion point gather Or sampled point is chosen on any road of CRP gather at predetermined intervals and carries out the vertical velocity comparison, velocity equivalent comparison Or velocity energy spectrum scanning, and using the spectrum of sampled point unselected in interpolation acquisition any road.
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