CN102053261A - Method for processing seismic data - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for processing seismic data. The method comprises the following steps: performing wave field separation to the seismic data to obtain longitudinal wave data and converted wave data; performing anisotropic processing to the longitudinal wave data; and performing anisotropic processing to the converted wave data.

Description

A kind of seismic data processing technique

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of processing seismic data, relate in particular to a kind of multiwave multicomponent earthquake data method of handling simultaneously.

Background technology

In current field of seismic exploration, owing to the clear superiority at aspects such as " gas cloud " imaging, lithology detection, air water identification, FRACTURE PREDICTION, three-dimensional 3-component earthquake exploration has obtained developing rapidly.But because the kinematics that transformed wave and compressional wave are propagated in medium and the difference of dynamic characteristic, making transformed wave Data Processing and compressional wave material handle has than big-difference, can not adopt conventional compressional wave disposal methods.Multi-wave and multi-component is handled, and should consider the processing of compressional wave, and more the important consideration transformed wave is handled, and transformed wave is handled more more complex than compressional wave, much more difficult.The wherein orientation rotation of transformed wave horizontal component, converted wave statics, velocity analysis, azimuthal anisotropy analysis and correction based on CCP (transfer point altogether) stack, transformed wave DMO (dip moveout correction), transformed wave skew, shear wave splitting processing etc. are the keys that multi-component seismic data is handled.At present, domestic and international land three-dimensional transformed wave seismic data still is in perspective, guiding method and technology test and software test stage, and the industrial treatment of various technical methods is actually rare.In recent years, handle aspect gordian techniquies such as static correction, velocity analysis around the PS transformed wave and proposed some relevant theory and technologies.Majority method all is according to multi-wave and multi-component technology and method in a certain respect, has proposed rough, simple transformed wave disposal route and flow process, only can obtain simple converted wave sectional plane basically or be used for the result of later stage research according to these flow processs.The not enough system of these disposal routes, can not satisfy present three-dimensional three-component particularly wide-azimuth or the requirement of omnidirectional three-dimensional 3-component earthquake Data Processing fully, the result who handles can not embody the advantage of three-dimensional 3-component earthquake exploration, can not provide basic data for researchs such as follow-up Crack Detection, reservoir prediction, gas-bearing property detection and fluid identification simultaneously.

Summary of the invention

Because existing disposal route can not satisfy present three-dimensional three-component particularly wide-azimuth or the requirement of omnidirectional three-dimensional 3-component earthquake Data Processing fully, the invention provides a kind of more perfect multiwave multicomponent earthquake data processing method.

The invention provides a kind of seismic data processing technique, this method comprises the following steps: geological data is carried out wave field separation, obtains compressional wave data and transformed wave data; In described compressional wave data and the transformed wave data at least one carried out anisotropy to be handled.

The geological data that wherein said " anisotropy processing " refers to each orientation uses different processing parameters (such as seismic wave propagation speed), thereby eliminates the anisotropic character of the geological data in each orientation.

Method provided by the present invention is considered geological data respectively by the angle of handling from anisotropy and is handled, realized multianalysis to geological data, this processing is combined with the isotropy processing, can satisfy the requirements such as the joint interpretation of ripple in length and breadth, Crack Detection, reservoir prediction, gas-bearing property detection, fluid identification in later stage simultaneously, for exploratory development complicated, unconventional hydrocarbon-bearing pool provides basic data.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram according to the seismic data processing technique of one embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram according to the seismic data processing technique of another embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 shows speed with azimuthal variation.

Embodiment

Anisotropy in the rock normally causes by one group of directed vertically oriented fracture, base area earthquake wave propagation theory so, and compressional wave is parallel or during perpendicular to crack propagation, has different travelling speeds.During parallel crack propagation, propagate with fast wave velocity; When vertically oriented fracture is propagated, propagate with slow wave speed.

The present invention carries out the anisotropy processing according to above-mentioned Velocity Azimuth anisotropy characteristics to longitudinal wave earthquake data and transformed wave geological data.In one embodiment of the invention, adopt least-square fitting approach to obtain the expression formula that Velocity Azimuth anisotropy ellipse is separated, with this anisotropy speed applications in the processing of comprehensive data, to eliminate the time difference with different azimuth data in the collection of comprehensive data, its lineups with one deck position are smoothed fully, improve the resolution of stacked section, improve the image quality of section, for researchs such as the prestack inversion in later stage, structure elucidation provide high-quality basic data.

Definition according to top " anisotropy processing ", during actual treatment, the researchist can carry out concrete processing to data, handle such as normal moveout correction, when using different parameters (seismic wave propagation speed) to carry out the normal moveout correction processing at different directions, we can be called " processing of anisotropy normal moveout correction ", and it belongs to a kind of anisotropy and handles.

According to the present invention, can carry out anisotropy to one in compressional wave and the transformed wave and handle, also can carry out anisotropy and handle the both.

As shown in Figure 1, for according to one embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is for carrying out the situation that anisotropy is handled to the both, this seismic data processing technique comprises the following steps: geological data is carried out wave field separation, thereby obtains compressional wave data and transformed wave data (step 110); Described compressional wave data are carried out anisotropy handle (step 120); Described transformed wave data are carried out anisotropy handle (step 130).

Specifically, in step 110, at first to carrying out data acquisition by the earthquake that shot point excited, wherein the geological data of being gathered is by compressional wave (P ripple) multi-component earthquake data that focus excited, comprising X component, Y component and Z component geological data.To X component, Y component and the Z component The data three-component seismometer of geological data be received in gatherer process, each wave detector receives corresponding component.

Subsequently, each component data that has collected being carried out wave field separation handles.The compressional wave that p-wave source excites formed reflection wave after running into the stratum reflecting interface can comprise reflected P-wave (P-P ripple) and reflection wave (P-S ripple), and wherein reflection wave is exactly a transformed wave.So through wave field separation, the geological data that collects just has been divided into compressional wave data and transformed wave data (P-S transformed wave).Wherein, because the direction of vibration difference of shear wave, the PS transformed wave also can be subdivided into P-SV transformed wave and P-SH transformed wave.

In one embodiment of the invention, under specific geologic condition, by using the suitable geological data that collecting device collected has been separator well, and then this step can be omitted, and directly in next step each component earthquake data that collects is handled.

In step 120, compressional wave is carried out anisotropy handle.

The purpose that the compressional wave anisotropy is handled is to eliminate differences such as speed that azimuthal anisotropy causes, time, amplitude as far as possible.The anisotropy processing requirements adopts velocity analysis, normal moveout correction and amplitude, frequency and the time difference compensation technology relevant with the orientation, to obtain prestack common midpoint (CMP) road collection or pre-stack time migration common reflection point (CRP) road collection and comprehensive stack or the skew superposition of data etc. that omnibearing lineups are evened up.

Before specifically handling, be starting point with the direct north, CMP road collection data are carried out the position angle sorting according to certain angle interval (1 degree-120 degree), form a plurality of azimuth sectors, wherein all comprise a plurality of roads that described CMP road is concentrated in each azimuth sector.The number of the seismic trace that the CMP road is concentrated is preferably between the 1-10000.

The position angle sorting can be more as much as possible, but will take into account degree of covering simultaneously, guarantee that at least the degree of covering in each position angle is not less than 5 times.

Determine the speed of each azimuth sector according to the speed in the described a plurality of roads in the azimuth sector.The initial velocity in each road at first given each azimuth sector, and according to this initial velocity the speed of each azimuth sector is determined.Because the azimuthal anisotropy of compressional wave VTI anisotropic parameters is far smaller than the influence of orientation speed to the influence of normal moveout correction, therefore, considers just in the invention that the orientation of speed changes, and does not consider the variation of anisotropic parameters with the orientation.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compressional wave travel-time equation is

$t^2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="t"\; filenames="H2009102362345E0000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_0^2+\frac{x^2}{V_{\mathrm{nmo}}^2}-\frac{2{\mathrm{\&eta;x}}^4}{V_{\mathrm{nmo}}^2[{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="t"\; filenames="H2009102362345E0000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_0^2{V}_{\mathrm{nmo}}^2+(1+2\mathrm{\&eta;})x^2]}---\left(1\right)$

In the formula, t is the compressional wave whilst on tour, t ₀Be the vertical two-way time that " central point " of CMP road collection located, x is an offset distance, V _NmoBe initial velocity (compressional wave NMO velocity) that η is a compressional wave VTI anisotropic parameters.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, after the whilst on tour t in each road of having determined each azimuth sector, can calculate normal moveout t-t ₀Utilize initial velocity that each road in the same orientation sector is carried out normal moveout correction, the amplitude of each track data after the normal moveout correction is superimposed, and intensity (energy) I obtains superposeing, at given initial velocity is that mid point comes the sweep velocity spectrum, just can obtain superpose intensity I and speed V _NmoCurved line relation, in one embodiment of the invention, can control rate the scope of spectrum scanning till the maximum value that I occurs, so just can will make I get the V of maximum value _NmoBe defined as the orientation speed of this sector.

The initial velocity in each road can be the value that obtains of specified value or estimate by other technological means rule of thumb.In one embodiment of the invention, this initial velocity is exactly comprehensive speed (being equivalent to the sector is elected as the sector speed of a whole bowlder) estimated value.Specifically, at first given initial rate estimated value (be about 1500～6000m/s) for compressional wave, utilize this initial rate estimated value, omnibearing all roads are calculated whilst on tour t by equation (1), and time difference t-t ₀And and then all roads are carried out normal moveout correction, calculate the step of orientation, sector speed above being similar to, the stack intensity that obtains by all speed in the velocity spectrum relatively, can obtain comprehensive velocity estimation value, and will this comprehensive velocity estimation value as the initial velocity among the step s120.Wherein, comprehensive speed has only been considered the influence of VTI medium anisotropy to speed, and does not consider HTI medium anisotropy feature.

As shown in Figure 3, when the wide-azimuth compressional wave passed through the fracture azimuth anisotropic medium, for fixing offset distance, its orientation speed and fracture azimuth satisfied following relation

Wherein, V is the speed of azimuth sector, and φ is the orientation angles of the angular bisector of the pairing azimuth sector of V, V ₀Be the speed undetermined parameter, α is the undetermined parameter relevant with the orientation,

Be the direction parameter of fracture strike, speed V and the pairing orientation angles φ of each azimuth sector by described each azimuth sector determine three V parameter undetermined ₀, α and

In theory, in equation (2), just can find the solution the V of this equation as long as know the speed in 3 orientation ₀, α and

Three parameters, thus orientation velocity ellipse equation obtained.For wide-azimuth or comprehensive earthquake data, suppose that offset distance and position angle evenly distribute, usually in given CMP position, have a plurality of orientation (generally greater than 3 s') seismological observation data, at this moment solving equation (2) has just become an overdetermined problem.If definition is a zero degree from direct north, according to each observed bearing of clockwise direction sorting φ _i(i=1,2 ..., geological data N), so Dui Ying azimuthal speed is

For the geological data that has more than three observed bearings, can ask for the parameter value of equation (3) this moment with least square fitting method, and defining variable e is

To the V in the equation (4) ₀, α and

Ask partial derivative, and make it equal zero respectively, obtain following system of equations

Solving equation group (5) obtains

Can obtain according to equation (6), (7) and (8) α and V ₀The value of these three undetermined parameters, thus the anisotropy elliptic equation obtained.

According to the elliptic equation that simulates, orientation values (being orientation angles) substitution elliptic equation by the orientation correspondence that will be concerned about, just can determine the orientation speed in arbitrary orientation, thereby determine the velocity anisotropy, and on this basis geological data is further processed.

In step 130, transformed wave is carried out anisotropy handle.

The purpose that the transformed wave anisotropy is handled is to eliminate differences such as speed that azimuthal anisotropy causes, time, amplitude as far as possible.The anisotropy processing requirements adopts velocity analysis, normal moveout correction and amplitude, frequency and the time difference compensation technology relevant with the orientation, to obtain prestack ACCP or CCP road collection or pre-stack time migration CRP gather and comprehensive stack or the skew stacking image that omnibearing lineups are evened up.In addition, the transformed wave anisotropy is handled also needs to consider the shear wave splitting correction, to improve the image quality of transformed wave radial section.

Before specifically handling, be starting point with the direct north, ACCP road collection data are carried out the position angle sorting according to certain angle interval (1 degree-120 degree), form a plurality of azimuth sectors, wherein all comprise a plurality of roads that described ACCP road is concentrated in each azimuth sector.The number of the seismic trace that the ACCP road is concentrated is preferably between the 1-10000.

The position angle sorting can be more as much as possible, but will take into account degree of covering simultaneously, guarantee that at least the degree of covering in each position angle is not less than 5 times.

Determine the speed of each azimuth sector according to the transformed wave geological data in the described a plurality of roads in the azimuth sector.The initial velocity in each road at first given each azimuth sector, and according to this initial velocity the speed of each azimuth sector is determined.Because the azimuthal anisotropy of transformed wave VTI anisotropic parameters is far smaller than the influence of orientation speed to the influence of normal moveout correction, therefore, considers just in the invention that the orientation of speed changes, and does not consider the variation of anisotropic parameters with the orientation.

In one embodiment of the invention, the transformed wave travel-time equation is

$t_C^2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="t\; C"\; filenames="H2009102362345E0000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_C^0+\frac{x^2}{V_{C2}^2}+\frac{A_4{x}^4}{1+A_5{x}^2}$

$A_4=-\frac{{({\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_{\mathrm{eff}}-1)}^2+8(1+{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0){\mathrm{\&chi;}}_{\mathrm{eff}}}{{4\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="t\; C"\; filenames="H2009102362345E0000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_C^0{V}_{C2}^4{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0{(1+{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_{\mathrm{eff}})}^2}---\left(9\right)$

$A_5=\frac{A_4{V}_{C2}^2(1+{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0){\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_{\mathrm{eff}}[({\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0-1){\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_{\mathrm{eff}}^2+2{\mathrm{\&chi;}}_{\mathrm{eff}}]}{({\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0-1){\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_{\mathrm{eff}}^2(1-{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_{\mathrm{eff}})-2(1+{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0){\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_{\mathrm{eff}}{\mathrm{\&chi;}}_{\mathrm{eff}}}$

In the formula, t _CFor transformed wave at offset distance x place two-way time, t _C0Be transformed wave zero-offset two-way time (the vertical two-way time at transfer point place), V _C2Be initial velocity (transformed wave stack velocity), γ ₀Be vertical speed ratio, γ ₀=V _P0/ V _S0γ ₂Be stack velocity ratio, γ ₂=V _P2/ V _S2γ _EffBe the velocity equivalent ratio, V _P0, V _S0Be respectively compressional wave, shear wave vertical speed, V _P2, V _S2Be respectively compressional wave, shear wave stack velocity, χ _EffBe transformed wave VTI anisotropic parameters.

γ ₀Ask for simply in length and breadth the contrast of ripple stacked section, it is less to the processing influence of back, allows certain error.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the whilst on tour t in each road of having determined each azimuth sector _CAfterwards, can calculate normal moveout t _C-t _C0Utilize initial velocity that each road in the same orientation sector is carried out normal moveout correction, the amplitude of each track data after the normal moveout correction is superimposed, and intensity (energy) I obtains superposeing, at given initial velocity is that mid point comes the sweep velocity spectrum, just can obtain superpose intensity I and speed V _C2Curved line relation, in one embodiment of the invention, can control rate the scope of spectrum scanning till the maximum value that I occurs, so just can will make I get the V of maximum value _C2Be defined as the orientation speed of this sector.

According to another embodiment of the invention, can also determine the speed of each azimuth sector by other method commonly used, such as with the mean value of the initial velocity of each seismic trace in the azimuth sector as the speed of this azimuth sector etc.

The initial velocity in each road can be rule of thumb specified value or the value that calculates by other technological means.In one embodiment of the invention, this initial velocity is exactly comprehensive speed (being equivalent to the sector is elected as the sector speed of a whole bowlder) estimated value.Specifically, at first given initial rate estimated value (is about 1000～5000m/s) for transformed wave, utilizes this initial rate estimated value, by equation (9) omnibearing all roads are calculated whilst on tour t _C, and time difference t _C-t _C0And and then all roads are carried out normal moveout correction, calculate the step of orientation, sector speed above being similar to, the stack intensity that obtains by all speed in the velocity spectrum relatively, can obtain comprehensive velocity estimation value, and should comprehensive velocity estimation value as initial velocity.Wherein, comprehensive speed has only been considered the influence of VTI medium anisotropy to speed, and does not consider HTI medium anisotropy feature.

As shown in Figure 3, when the wide-azimuth transformed wave passed through the fracture azimuth anisotropic medium, for fixing offset distance, its orientation speed and fracture azimuth satisfied following relation

Wherein, V is the speed of azimuth sector, and φ is the orientation angles of the angular bisector of the pairing azimuth sector of V, V ₀Be the speed undetermined parameter, α is the undetermined parameter relevant with the orientation,

Be the direction parameter of fracture strike, speed V and the pairing orientation angles φ of each azimuth sector by described each azimuth sector determine three V parameter undetermined ₀, α and

In theory, in equation (10), just can find the solution the V of this equation as long as know the speed in 3 orientation ₀, α and Three parameters, thus orientation velocity ellipse equation obtained.For wide-azimuth or comprehensive earthquake data, suppose that offset distance and position angle evenly distribute, usually in given ACCP position, have a plurality of orientation (generally greater than 3 s') seismological observation data, at this moment solving equation (10) has just become an overdetermined problem.If definition is a zero degree from direct north, according to each observed bearing of clockwise direction sorting φ _i(i=1,2 ..., geological data N), so Dui Ying azimuthal speed is

For the geological data that has more than three observed bearings, can ask for the parameter value of equation (11) this moment with least square fitting method, and defining variable e is

To the V0 in the equation (12), α and

Ask partial derivative, and make it equal zero respectively, obtain following system of equations

Solving equation group (13) obtains

Can obtain according to equation (14), (15) and (16)

α and V ₀The value of these three undetermined parameters, thus the anisotropy elliptic equation obtained.

According to the elliptic equation that simulates, orientation values (being orientation angles) substitution elliptic equation by the orientation correspondence that will be concerned about, just can determine the orientation speed in arbitrary orientation, thereby determine the velocity anisotropy, and on this basis geological data is further processed.

According to another embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 2, the present invention also can comprise pre-treatment step (115).

For compressional wave, pre-service comprises at least a in the following processing at least: anomalous amplitude attenuation processing, line noise attenuation processing, surface wave attenuation processing, static corrections processing, earth's surface-consistent amplitude compensation are handled, surface consistent deconvolution is handled, the earth's surface-consistent residual static correction is handled and extract common midpoint (CMP) road collection processing etc.

For transformed wave, pre-service comprises at least a in the following processing at least: anomalous amplitude attenuation processing, line noise attenuation processing, polarization filtering are gone that ground roll is handled, converted wave statics is handled, the earth's surface-consistent amplitude compensation is handled, surface consistent deconvolution is handled, the earth's surface-consistent residual static correction is handled and are extracted progressive transfer point (ACCP) altogether or transfer point (CCP) road collection processing etc. altogether.

It is wherein said that the transformed wave data are carried out pre-service (and anisotropy subsequently handle) is to carry out at the radial component data of transformed wave data.

In addition, in the present invention, the angle of each sector of being divided is between 1 degree-120 degree; The number of the seismic trace in described common midpoint gather and the progressive common-conversion point gather is preferably 10-1000 between 2-10000; The number in determined orientation was between 1-10000 when the ellipse that obtains according to match was determined orientation speed.

By above-mentioned seismic data processing technique, the present invention can satisfy present multiwave multicomponent earthquake data scale processing requirements fully.The anisotropy that is adopted is handled and has been eliminated differences such as the speed that azimuthal anisotropy causes, time, amplitude, can be met the data of prestack poststack inverting, high-quality imaging data etc.The result who adopts seismic data processing technique of the present invention to handle satisfies the requirement of researchs such as the joint interpretation of ripple in length and breadth, Crack Detection, reservoir prediction, gas-bearing property detections, fluid identification in later stage simultaneously, for the exploratory development of complexity, unconventional hydrocarbon-bearing pool provides basic data.

Claims (20)

1. multiwave multicomponent earthquake data processing method, this method comprises:

Geological data is carried out wave field separation, obtain compressional wave data and transformed wave data;

In described compressional wave data and the transformed wave data at least one carried out anisotropy to be handled.

2. seismic data processing technique according to claim 1 wherein, all carries out the anisotropy processing to described compressional wave data and transformed wave data.

3. seismic data processing technique according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, carry out the anisotropy processing to described compressional wave data and comprise:

In the common midpoint gather of longitudinal wave earthquake data, described common midpoint gather is divided into a plurality of azimuth sectors, wherein all comprise a plurality of seismic traces in the described common midpoint gather in each azimuth sector;

Determine the speed of this azimuth sector according to the longitudinal wave earthquake data of the described a plurality of seismic traces in each azimuth sector;

Utilize the speed of described a plurality of azimuth sectors to carry out ellipse fitting;

The ellipse that obtains according to match is determined the orientation speed in a plurality of orientation; And

Utilize the orientation speed in described a plurality of orientation to come the longitudinal wave earthquake data are carried out subsequent treatment.

4. method according to claim 3, wherein this method also comprises:

Before azimuthal sector is divided described longitudinal wave earthquake data are carried out pre-service, described pre-service comprises at least according to the longitudinal wave earthquake data of all seismic traces chooses the seismic trace with identical central point, to form described common midpoint gather.

5. method according to claim 3, wherein determine the speed of described azimuth sector as follows:

Determine the initial velocity of each seismic trace in this sector based on the longitudinal wave earthquake data of a plurality of seismic traces in the azimuth sector;

Initial velocity according to described each seismic trace carries out normal moveout correction to the longitudinal wave earthquake data of described each seismic trace;

The amplitude of the longitudinal wave earthquake data of each seismic trace after the normal moveout correction is superposeed, obtain the intensity that superposes;

With described initial velocity is mid point sweep velocity spectrum, the velocity amplitude that makes described stack intensity get maximum value is defined as the orientation speed of this sector.

6. method according to claim 5, wherein said initial velocity be obtain by the longitudinal wave earthquake data computation or appointment.

7. method according to claim 3, wherein,, utilize the speed of described a plurality of azimuth sectors to carry out ellipse fitting according to following elliptic equation:

Wherein, V is the speed of azimuth sector, and φ is the orientation angles of the angular bisector of the pairing azimuth sector of V, V ₀Be the speed undetermined parameter, α is the undetermined parameter relevant with the orientation, Be direction parameter undetermined,

Speed V and the pairing orientation angles φ of each azimuth sector by described each azimuth sector determine three V parameter undetermined ₀, α and

8. method according to claim 7 wherein adopts least-square fitting approach to find the solution oval undetermined parameter.

9. method according to claim 3, wherein the angle of each sector of being divided is between 1 degree-120 degree.

10. method according to claim 3, the number of the seismic trace in the wherein said common midpoint gather is between 2-10000.

11. method according to claim 3, the number in determined orientation was between 1-10000 when wherein the ellipse that obtains according to match was determined orientation speed.

12. seismic data processing technique according to claim 1 and 2 wherein, carries out the anisotropy processing to described transformed wave data and comprises:

In the progressive common-conversion point gather of transformed wave geological data, described progressive common-conversion point gather is divided into a plurality of azimuth sectors, wherein all comprise a plurality of seismic traces in the described progressive common-conversion point gather in each azimuth sector;

Determine the speed of this azimuth sector according to the transformed wave geological data of the described a plurality of seismic traces in each azimuth sector;

Utilize the speed of described a plurality of azimuth sectors to carry out ellipse fitting;

The ellipse that obtains according to match is determined the orientation speed in a plurality of orientation; And

Utilize the orientation speed in described a plurality of orientation to come the transformed wave geological data is carried out subsequent treatment.

13. method according to claim 12, wherein this method also comprises:

Before azimuthal sector is divided, described transformed wave geological data is carried out pre-service, described pre-service comprises at least according to the transformed wave geological data of all seismic traces chooses the seismic trace with identical progressive common transfer point, to form described progressive common-conversion point gather.

14. method according to claim 12 is wherein determined the speed of described azimuth sector as follows:

Determine the initial velocity of each seismic trace in this sector based on the transformed wave geological data of a plurality of seismic traces in the azimuth sector;

According to the initial velocity of described each seismic trace the transformed wave geological data of described each seismic trace is carried out normal moveout correction;

The amplitude of the transformed wave geological data of each seismic trace after the normal moveout correction is superposeed, obtain the intensity that superposes;

With described initial velocity is mid point sweep velocity spectrum, the velocity amplitude that makes described stack intensity get maximum value is defined as the orientation speed of this sector.

15. method according to claim 14, wherein said initial velocity be calculate by the transformed wave geological data or appointment.

16. method according to claim 12 wherein, according to following elliptic equation, utilizes the speed of described a plurality of azimuth sectors to carry out ellipse fitting:

Wherein, V is the speed of azimuth sector, and φ is the orientation angles of the angular bisector of the pairing azimuth sector of V, V ₀Be the speed undetermined parameter, α is the undetermined parameter relevant with the orientation,

Be direction parameter undetermined,

Speed V and the pairing orientation angles φ of each azimuth sector by described each azimuth sector determine three V parameter undetermined ₀, α and

17. method according to claim 16 wherein adopts least-square fitting approach to find the solution oval undetermined parameter.

18. method according to claim 12, wherein the angle of each sector of being divided is between 1 degree-120 degree.

19. method according to claim 12, the number of the seismic trace in the wherein said progressive common-conversion point gather is between 2-10000.

20. method according to claim 12, the number in determined orientation was between 1-10000 when wherein the ellipse that obtains according to match was determined orientation speed.

Images