CN106441827A - Elevator instantaneous type safety gear test method and test apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an elevator instantaneous type safety gear test method and a test apparatus thereof, the braking capability (allowed mass) of a safe gear is detected through a drop test, and the intensity of a gear body of the safety gear is further verified through a static pressure test. According to the method and the apparatus thereof, the drop test truly reflects the influence of the impact force and the system response time in the work process of the instantaneous type safety gear, and the drop test is also a reliable method for examining the intensity of the safety gear in the practical same condition of the instantaneous type safety gear. According to the method and the apparatus thereof, the static pressure test further verifies the intensity and the safety margin of the gear body of the safety gear through a safety factor or the maximum impact load, the test result is true and reliable, the problem of the method prescribed by the conventional standard is solved, and more scientific basis can be provided for product type test, forming and application of the instantaneous type safety gears.

Description

Elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method and its experimental rig

Technical field

The present invention relates to test method and device field, especially relate to a kind of elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method and Its experimental rig.

Background technology

Safety tongs is the safety guard of elevator, and elevator safety clamp device is under the manipulation of limiter of speed, when elevator speed Degree exceedes the restriction speed of limiter of speed 5 setting, or in the case that car suspension strop occurs fracture and relaxes, car is promptly made Stop and be clamped in a kind of safety device on guide rail.

Instantaneous safety can be divided into wedge block-shaped and two kinds of roller-type according to the difference of its braking member version.

Instantaneous safety be normal speed be less than the traction of 0.63m/s with force driven elevators, hydraulic-driven elevator, Other lift type (fireman's elevator, explosion-proof lift, dumb waiter) are in car overspeed descending, or even suspension fracture failure When make important safety on guide rail for the car stop.China is existing《Elevator type approval test rule》(TSG T7007-2016) With elevator safety standard (equivalent Europe EN81 series standard) GB 7588-2003《Elevator manufactures and installs safety standard》GB 21240-2007《Hydraulic elevator manufactures and installs safety standard》GB 25194-2010《Dumb waiter manufactures and installs safety rule Model》Require that instantaneous safety must carry out type approval test, but above statutory standard uses the examination of impact energy calculation in absorption Proved recipe method determines that the permission quality of instantaneous safety sample has following three problem.

The distance of the freely falling body response that 1.GB 7588-2003 F 3.2.4.1 specifies calculates inaccurate

The distance of freely falling body is pressed：

(v₁- governor tripping speed, g_n- acceleration of gravity)

Calculate, above formula assumes that the Bottom Runby in system response time is 0.1m, during clamping element and guide rail contact Bottom Runby is 0.03m.And the instantaneous safety according to the non-not tear-away roller (wedge block-shaped) of GB 7588-2003 9.9.1 Limiter of speed maximum actuation speed be 0.8m/s, the limiter of speed of instantaneous safety of the not tear-away roller (roller-type) of band Maximum actuation speed is 1m/s.Bottom Runby before limiter of speed actionIt is 0.033m and 0.051m respectively, than assume There is the Bottom Runby in probabilistic response time and Bottom Runby sum 0.13m during clamping element and guide rail contact Little many, illustrate above calculate inaccurate.Make safety tongs responsiveness bigger than governor tripping speed compared with long response time Many, adds system response 0.1m, the action of safety tongs taking voussoir instantaneous safety governor tripping speed 0.8m/s as a example Speed up toDepending on the concrete numerical value viewing system response time (or response distance).We On test stand, between 0.045-0.075m, safety tongs actual act speed is up to 1.4m/s for the response distance of actual measurement.

2. determine power in the Energy Dependence safety tongs static pressure test that can absorb of instantaneous safety and displacement curve Integral area, three kinds of computational methods that GB 7588-2003 F 3.2.4.2 proposes, but its border, type are not clear.

Permission quality test and computational methods that table 1. current standard instantaneous safety can bear

After the test of wedge block-shaped instantaneous safety, often calculated than according to elastic deformation according to the result that plastic deformation calculates Result much larger, the Comparative result that calculates according to result and elastic deformation that plastic deformation calculates.

Table 2 is the comparison of computational results of one group of wedge block-shaped instantaneous safety test.So wedge block-shaped safety tongs is calculating During result of the test, using energy absorption computational methods (3), that is, safety coefficient be essentially all taken 3.5 computational methods.

The Comparative result that table 2. is calculated with elastic deformation according to the result that plastic deformation calculates

But, have the trial curve no maximum, force (as Fig. 1) of part, also have or not obvious elastic-plastic deformation separation (such as Fig. 2), also absorb part energy when guide rail deforms in test it is difficult to accurately calculate instantaneous safety accordingly in test The energy of middle absorption, or even the larger situation of result difference between different experiments room occurs.

Certain safety tongs sample pattern that same batch is produced is carried out test and is compared, respectively 4 elevator component test rooms Between carry out, each laboratory tests 2 sets respectively, and result of the test is shown in Table 3.

This safety tongs Coupon Testing Results that table 3. different laboratory produces to same batch

This time the result of Comparability test is primarily present following difference：(1) in the case that test force is close, test trip Difference is larger, and energy absorption difference is larger.(2) property deforming is variant, and three laboratories think that caliper there occurs that plasticity becomes Shape, thinks that caliper only there occurs elastic deformation for one.(3) difference of both of the above has a strong impact on result of the test, as test knot The minimum 375kg of permission quality of fruit, is 2573kg to the maximum, differs about 6.8 times.

Absolutely prove that current standard instantaneous safety test method needs to improve with the result of upper table 2, table 3 test.

3. existing instantaneous safety type approval test standard is based on impact energy absorption approach, when not accounting for impact Between impact it is clear that the attack time is shorter, impulsive force is bigger.Impulsive force size will be the main of decision safety tongs caliper damage Factor, is also to determine guide rail, rail brackets, the important evidence of car frame Intensity Design.

The present invention solves three big problems of the method presence that current standard specifies, wherein drop shutter test truly reflects The impulsive force size of the instantaneous safety course of work and the impact of system response time, and drop shutter test is also with instantaneous formula peace The reliable method of the intensity of safety tongs examined by full pincers with actual identical operating mode.The static pressure test of this patent is further verified The intensity of safety tongs caliper and safety allowance.The method of the offer of this patent can for instantaneous safety production-type test, Sizing and the foundation of the offer more science that comes into operation.

Content of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for drawbacks described above of the prior art, provides one kind reliable The elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method and device tested to the stopping power of instantaneous safety in ground.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems includes：A kind of elevator instantaneous safety pliers test is provided Method and drop shutter test device.Test method includes drop shutter test and static pressure test two parts.

One. test method principle

1. drop shutter test method of testing uses acceleration transducer, displacement transducer and limiter of speed mechanical action switch letter Number, record falls, the acceleration of stop overall process and the change curve of the change curve of time and displacement and time it follows that Total braking force：

F_{Averagely total impulsive force}=F_{Average total braking force}=a_avem+g_nM=(a_ave+g_n)(P+Q)

k₁=F_{Average total braking force}/g_n(P+Q)

Above formula：a_aveThe average retardation rate of-stop, g_n- acceleration of gravity, m- test mass, P- car mass, Q- is specified Loading capacity, k₁Average impact coefficient to track during the effect of-instantaneous safety.

By drawing with the integration of the change curve of time, differential with the change curve of time and displacement to acceleration Speed and the change curve of time, may determine that from acceleration, speed, the curve of displacement and limiter of speed mechanical action switching signal Response time, braking time and response distance, braking distance, the average retardation rate of braking procedure and maximum deceleration, Yi Jisuo Average impact and maximum impact force to track during corresponding instantaneous safety clamp brake, preliminary permission quality (P+Q).

Drop shutter test is also the reliable method of the intensity examining safety tongs with instantaneous safety with actual identical operating mode.

2. static pressure test

(1) static pressure test method 1

The test pressure machine loaded load of static pressure test is product (two peaces of safety coefficient S and F (average total braking force) Full pincers are tested simultaneously)：

F_{Forcing press load}=S × F_{Average total braking force}=S (k₁×g_n)(P+Q)

Safety tongs caliper can bear and load no ruptures, in formula:

S (safety coefficient)=5

k₁Average impact coefficient to track when acting on according to the instantaneous safety that above drop shutter test determines

g_n—9.81m/s²

(P+Q) the preliminary permission quality determining according to above drop shutter test

Can also be loaded directly into the fracture of safety tongs caliper or plastic deformation and measure maximum bearing load Fmax, really Protect：

(2) static pressure test method 2

It is loaded directly into the fracture of safety tongs caliper or plastic deformation and measure maximum bearing load F_maxIt is ensured that (two peaces Full pincers are tested simultaneously)：

F_max>F_{Maximum total braking force}=a_maxm+g_nM=(a_max+g_n) (P+Q)=k_max×g_n(P+Q)

Above formula：a_maxThe maximum deceleration of-stop, g_n- acceleration of gravity, m- test mass, P- car mass, Q- is specified Loading capacity, k_maxMaximum impact coefficient to track during the effect of-instantaneous safety.

Static pressure test method one, two, can be conferred with censorship unit by test unit and select.

Two. drop shutter test

Step A：Test-bed is provided, erects 2, A guide rail being located in test-bed, can be located at along A slide Carrier in test-bed, the acceleration transducer being located on carrier, the peace being arranged on carrier and coordinating with A guide rail 2, pincers, the speed limit hawser of the limiter of speed being located on test-bed, connection limiter of speed and safety tongs, the examination being located on carrier entirely Test weight, and the signal processing and analysis system electrically connecting with limiter of speed and acceleration transducer, wherein, the quality of carrier with The quality sum of test weight should be equal to the permission gross mass (P+Q) of application.Step B：In certain altitude releasing bearing frame, with It is made to fall along A guide rail；Wherein, in dropping process, limiter of speed triggering safety tongs is so that carrier slows down and stops.

Pulling force sensor should be used after test, measure the lifting power needed for release safety tongs.

The drop shutter test of 4 step B identical limiter of speed triggering safety tongs should be carried out, braking unit before testing every time, should be made Part reaches normal temperature.Test is using the safety tongs being triggered test by the limiter of speed inviting unit offer, so that accurate measurement limits The response time of the whole manipulation process that fast device mechanical action to safe clamp brake starts and corresponding height of drop.Try each time Test and should carry out on one section of original guide rail.The model of test A guide rail, specification test invitation unit are clear and definite.In test Simulating Safety the rail state of real work be should clamp, case hardness and surface lubrication state (be dried, lubricate) etc. included.

Step C：Inspection after test should comply with following requirements：

(1) safety tongs caliper (is plastically deformed and is considered as less than 0.2% no moulding in voussoir or roller direction of extrusion plastic-less deformation Property deformation), and caliper and braking member answer other of flawless and impact function to deform；

Impression peak on guide rail does not allow less than former working surface thickness 1% (as Fig. 4：Impression on guide rail), caliper Answer other deformation of flawless and impact function with braking member, photo should be shot if necessary；Guide rail plastic deformation can not The normal use of impact elevator.

(2) for explosion-proof type safety tongs, answer the material of wedge surface spraying or the anti-non-electrical spark using after action test Material is still intact.

As do not met requirements above, then test failure, test mass cannot function as the permission quality of described safety tongs (1). Need to confer with censorship unit to reduce again to test after test mass or Curve guide impeller.

Step D：Signal processing and analysis system acquisition acceleration transducer and the actuating signal of limiter of speed, with recording step B The acceleration of dropping process and starting time t of the change curve of time and limiter of speed₁Stop the time t of whereabouts with carrier₂. Instrumentation system should be able to detect the signal of 0.01s change.When stimulus acquisition analysis system response frequency is higher than 100Hz When, calculate data and can adopt low pass filter, passband edge frequency 100Hz filtered data.；

Step E：By speed and the change of time can be shown with once integrating of the change curve of time to acceleration Curve, quadratic integral can draw the change curve of displacement and time.From described acceleration, speed, the curve of displacement and institute State starting time t of limiter of speed₁Stop, with described carrier, the time of whereabouts, and curvilinear motion rule is it can be determined that speed limit The time point of device and safety tongs coordination and response starting and ending, the time point of safe clamp brake starting and ending.

Step F：Initiate from described acceleration, speed, the curve of displacement and limiter of speed and safety tongs coordination and response and tie The time point of bundle, the time point of safe clamp brake starting and ending.Can calculate needed for limiter of speed and safety tongs coordination and response Time and response process distance of fall, braking procedure needed for time and braking distance, the average retardation rate of braking procedure and Maximum deceleration, and average total braking force and maximum braking force during described safe clamp brake, that is, described safety tongs is to institute State average impact and the maximum impact force of A guide rail.

Calculate the F of described safety tongs_{Average total braking force}、

F_{Averagely total impulsive force}=F_{Average total braking force}=a_avem+g_nM=(a_ave+g_n)(P+Q)

k₁=F_{Average total braking force}/g_n(P+Q)

F_{Single safety tongs Brake Mean Power}=(a_avem+g_nM)/2=(a_ave+g_n)(P+Q)/2

Above formula：a_aveThe average retardation rate of-stop, g_n- acceleration of gravity, m- test mass, P- car mass, Q- is specified Loading capacity, k₁Average impact coefficient to track during the effect of-instantaneous safety.

Step G：Confirm preliminary permission quality (P+Q)₁.

If meet following condition simultaneously：

(1). the inspection after test meets the requirement of step C；

(2). impact coefficient k1 is less than or equal to GB7588-2003 annex G guide rail and checks the value (note that design conditions specify 1)；

(3).2.5g_nThe above deceleration time is not more than 0.04s；

(4). the Brake Mean Power that every time test measures, without departing from 4 drop shutter test Brake Mean Powers mean value ± During 25% scope；

(5). the lifting power of release safety tongs should be less than 1.25 (P+Q) g_n.

Test mass is the preliminary permission quality (P+Q) of safety tongs₁.The above institute that i.e. safety tongs is carried out under allowing quality State drop shutter test qualified.

Note 1：GB7588-2003 annex G guide rail checks design conditions：Table G2, the wink of voussoir (with non-not tear-away roller) Up-to-date style safety tongs, impact coefficient k1=5.0；The instantaneous safety of roller (the not tear-away roller of band), impact coefficient k1= 3.0.

If the impact coefficient k1 that unit proposes the requirement more than GB7588-2003 annex G is invited in type approval test, pattern is tried Test mechanism and can determine, according to other requirements of this impact coefficient and 2.1, the permission quality that test mass is safety tongs, but necessary With the explanation of conclusion an equal amount of font using this safety tongs in the conclusion hurdle of type-test report and type approval test certificate Elevator should be by this impact coefficient checking computations guide rail, car frame etc..

Three. static pressure test

Instantaneous safety static pressure test is the method for the intensity of checking instantaneous safety caliper further.

(1) prepare before static pressure test：

1. carry out static pressure test using a speed no forcing press of mutation or similar devices, afterburning speed is not more than 100kN/min；

2. during testing, should directly or indirectly record the relation of load and vertical travel distance, load and caliper deformation Curve.Guide rail should be made to slide from the safety tongs braking member of clamping, the transversely deforming of caliper to be measured in process of the test；Survey Amount point should be chosen along at about half the caliper height outside caliper of the lateral stressed direction of voussoir, and carries out mark；Allow two Section guide rail bottom welding, is tested together to two safety tongs together.As shown in Figure 7,8.

3. test should be carried out on one section of original guide rail.Simulating Safety leading of real work should be clamped in test Track-like state, including guide rail specification, case hardness and surface lubrication state (be dried, lubricate)；

4. should check before static pressure test.Should check before static pressure test that safety tongs is intact, no open defect.Measurement safety tongs pincers Body is in voussoir or roller direction of extrusion size, and marks measurement position, to compare plastic deformation after test.

Following methods 1,2 can be consulted to determine by test unit and censorship unit：

(2) static pressure test method 1 step

Step H1：Determine test load.Test pressure machine loaded load is safety coefficient S and F's (average total braking force) Product (two safety tongs are tested simultaneously)：

F_{(forcing press load)}=S × F_{(average total braking force)}=S (P+Q)₁(k₁×gn)

In above formula, safety coefficient S should be greater than 5, and (P+Q) 1 is the permission quality that drop shutter test primarily determines that.

Step H2：Test to setting test load, maintain 10s, then unload.

Step H3：Crackle, Deformation checking to safety tongs caliper and guide rail after test, if do not meet one of following requirements Item is considered as test failure, should again test.And record situation, photo should be shot if necessary as the card of deformation or crackle According to.

(1) after requiring test, the deformation of flawless and impact function answered by caliper and braking member；

(2) guide rail after test is required should no to affect deformation and the crackle of function.Impression peak is less than the former working surface of guide rail The 1% of thickness is considered as the deformation of impact function, sees Fig. 4.

Step H4：The confirmation of result of the test.

After the completion of test, the crackle of safety tongs caliper and guide rail, Deformation checking, meet the requirement of H3, then static pressure test knot It is really：The intensity of caliper is qualified.

(3) static pressure test method 2 step

Step I1：It is loaded directly into the fracture of safety tongs caliper or plastic deformation and measure maximum bearing load F_max(two Safety tongs is tested simultaneously).

Step I2：It is loaded onto the fracture of safety tongs caliper or plastic deformation and measures maximum bearing load F_max, then unload Carry.

Step I3：After test, the crackle of safety tongs caliper and guide rail, deformation are checked, if there are do not meet following will Situation about asking, is considered as test failure, should again test.And record relevant situation, photo should be shot if necessary as change Shape or the evidence of crackle.

After test, caliper has allowed crackle, but the deformation of flawless and impact function answered by braking member；

Guide rail after test should no affect deformation and the crackle of function.Impression peak is less than guide rail former working surface thickness 1% deformation being considered as impact function, is shown in Fig. 4

Step I4：The confirmation of result of the test.

After above-mentioned steps I3 meet the requirements, read safety tongs caliper when being loaded directly into and rupture or be plastically deformed and measure Big bearing load F_maxIf,：

F_max>F_{Maximum total braking force}=a_maxm+g_nM=(a_max+g_n) (P+Q)=k_max×g_n(P+Q)

Above formula：F_{Maximum total braking force}Maximum total braking force (two safety tongs are tested simultaneously) measured by drop shutter test, a_max— The maximum deceleration of stop, g_nAcceleration of gravity, m test mass, P car mass, Q nominal load capacity, k_maxWink Maximum impact coefficient to track during the effect of up-to-date style safety tongs.

Then static pressure test result is：The intensity of caliper is qualified.

Above experiment calculation method, solves three big problems of the method presence that current standard specifies, wherein drop shutter test Truly reflect the impulsive force size of the instantaneous safety course of work and the impact of system response time, and drop shutter test It is the reliable method of the intensity examining safety tongs with instantaneous safety with actual identical operating mode.The static pressure test of this patent is again Demonstrate the intensity of safety tongs caliper further.The method of the offer of this patent can for instantaneous safety production-type test, Sizing and the foundation of the offer more science that comes into operation.

Four. construct a kind of elevator instantaneous safety pliers drop shutter test device

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems also includes：Construct a kind of elevator instantaneous safety pliers pendant Fall experimental rig it is characterised in that include test-bed, erect be located in test-bed A guide rail, can be along A slide The carrier being located in test-bed, the acceleration transducer being located on carrier, be arranged on carrier and join with A guide rail The safety tongs closing, the limiter of speed being located on test-bed, connect the speed limit hawser of limiter of speed and safety tongs, be located on carrier Test weight and the signal processing and analysis system electrically connecting with limiter of speed and acceleration transducer, to allow limiter of speed action to lead to Cross speed limit hawser triggering safety tongs, to be derived from the letter of limiter of speed and acceleration transducer by signal processing and analysis system acquisition Number.

, A guide rail includes symmetrically arranged two A guide rails；Carrying is erected between two A guide rails, the both sides of carrier with Two A guide rails slidably engage, with carrier along A guide rail slip；

Safety tongs includes two safety tongs with two A guide rail cooperations respectively, passes through linkage between two safety tongs Connect；Speed limit hawser connects connecting rod to realize the connection of speed limit hawser and safety tongs.

Five. concrete technical scheme

Specifically, the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems includes：There is provided a kind of elevator instantaneous formula Safety tongs test method, comprises the following steps：

Step A：Test-bed is provided, erects the A guide rail being located in test-bed, examination can be located at along A slide Test the carrier in stand, be arranged on carrier acceleration transducer, be arranged on carrier and two peaces with the cooperation of A guide rail Entirely clamp, be located at the speed limit hawser 51 of limiter of speed, connection limiter of speed and linkage on test-bed top, be located on carrier simultaneously With the linkage of speed limit hawser and safe clipper joint, the test weight being located on carrier and pass with limiter of speed and acceleration The signal processing and analysis system of sensor electrical connection.

Step B：In certain altitude releasing bearing frame, so that it falls along A guide rail；Wherein, in dropping process, limiter of speed Triggering safety tongs is so that carrier slows down and stops.

Pulling force sensor should be used after test, measure the lifting power needed for release safety tongs.

The drop shutter test of 4 step B identical limiter of speed triggering safety tongs should be carried out, braking unit before testing every time, should be made Part reaches normal temperature.Test is using the safety tongs being triggered test by the limiter of speed inviting unit offer, so that accurate measurement limits The response time of the whole manipulation process that fast device mechanical action to safe clamp brake starts and corresponding height of drop.Try each time Test and should carry out on one section of original guide rail.The model of test A guide rail, specification test invitation unit are clear and definite.In test Simulating Safety the rail state of real work be should clamp, case hardness and surface lubrication state (be dried, lubricate) etc. included.

Step C：Check whether described safety tongs meets the following requirements after step B：

1) described safety tongs caliper is in voussoir or roller direction of extrusion plastic-less deformation, and caliper and braking member should no split Other deformation of line and impact function；Impression peak on A guide rail is not less than 1% (Fig. 4), caliper and the system of former working surface thickness Other deformation of dynamic element flawless and impact function, guide rail plastic deformation does not affect the normal use of elevator.

2) if described safety tongs is explosion-proof type safety tongs, after action test, the wedge surface of described safety tongs sprays or makes The material of anti-non-electrical spark is still intact；

As do not met requirements above, then test failure, test mass cannot function as the permission quality of described safety tongs.Need Confer with censorship unit to reduce and again test after test mass or Curve guide impeller.

Step D：Signal processing and analysis system acquisition acceleration transducer and the actuating signal of limiter of speed, with recording step B The acceleration of carrier dropping process and starting time t of the change curve of time and limiter of speed₁Stop whereabouts with carrier Time t₂；

Step E：By speed and the change curve of time are shown with once integrating of the change curve of time to acceleration, Quadratic integral draws the change curve of displacement and time；Starting time t from acceleration, speed, the curve of displacement and limiter of speed₁ Stop the time of whereabouts with carrier, and curvilinear motion rule, judge limiter of speed and safety tongs coordination and response starting and ending Time point, the time point of safe clamp brake starting and ending；

Step F：From acceleration, speed, the curve of displacement and limiter of speed and safety tongs coordination and response starting and ending when Between point, the time point of safe clamp brake starting and ending, calculate the time needed for limiter of speed and safety tongs coordination and response and sound Answer the time needed for process distance of fall, braking procedure and braking distance, the average retardation rate of braking procedure and maximum deceleration, And average total braking force and maximum braking force during safe clamp brake, that is, safety tongs is to the average impact of A guide rail and Large impact power；Calculate the F of safety tongs_{Average total braking force}：

F_{Averagely total impulsive force}=F_{Average total braking force}=a_avem+g_nM=(a_ave+g_n)(P+Q)

k₁=F_{Average total braking force}/g_n

F_{Single safety tongs Brake Mean Power}=(a_avem+g_nM)/2=(a_ave+g_n)(P+Q)/2；

Step G：Confirm the preliminary permission quality (P+Q) of safety tongs₁：

If meet following condition simultaneously,

1). the inspection after test meets the requirement of step C；

2). impact coefficient k₁Check the value that design conditions specify less than or equal to GB7588-2003 annex G guide rail；

3).2.5g_nThe above deceleration time is not more than 0.04s；

4). the Brake Mean Power that every time test measures, without departing from 4 drop shutter test Brake Mean Powers mean value ± 25% scope；

5). the lifting power of release safety tongs is less than 1.25g_n；

Then test mass is tentatively the permission quality of safety tongs.

Preferably, step A also includes：The Diao Sheng mechanism for hanging liter carrier being located above carrier is provided, hangs liter Mechanism is separably attached with carrier；

Step B includes：With Diao Sheng mechanism, carrier is hung after being raised to certain altitude, Shi Diaosheng mechanism and carrier divide From so that carrier falls along A guide rail.

Preferably, Diao Sheng mechanism includes hanging a liter hawser, is located at the movable pulley hanging on liter hawser, the unhook being located on movable pulley The device and removable pin on tripping gear can be located at sliding axially；Carrier hangs on removable pin；

Step B includes, and is hung carrier with Diao Sheng mechanism after being raised to certain altitude, slip removable pin come to make carrier take off From sliding pin thus separating Diao Sheng mechanism and carrier, so that carrier falls along A guide rail.

Preferably, including：

Step H1：There is provided the B guide rail with safety tongs cooperation and forcing press, forcing press applies pressure to B guide rail, makes B guide rail phase Safety tongs is slided；The loaded load of forcing press is safety coefficient S and F_{Average total braking force}Product：

F_{Forcing press load}=S × F_{Average total braking force}=S (P+Q)₁

Safety coefficient S is more than 5；

Step H2：Test to setting test load, maintain 10s, then unload；

Step H3：Crackle, Deformation checking to safety tongs caliper and guide rail after test, if do not meet one of following requirements Item is considered as test failure, should again test.And record situation, photo should be shot if necessary as the card of deformation or crackle According to.

(1) after requiring test, the deformation of flawless and impact function answered by caliper and braking member；

(2) guide rail after test is required should no to affect deformation and the crackle of function.Impression peak is less than the former working surface of guide rail The 1% of thickness is considered as the deformation of impact function, sees Fig. 4.

Step H4：The confirmation of result of the test.

Preferably, including：

Step I1：There is provided the B guide rail with safety tongs cooperation and forcing press, forcing press applies pressure to B guide rail, makes B guide rail phase Safety tongs is slided；Determine test load, be loaded directly into the fracture of safety tongs caliper or plastic deformation measuring maximum and holding Carry load F_max；

Step I2：It is loaded onto the fracture of safety tongs caliper or plastic deformation and measure maximum bearing load F_max, then unload Carry；

Step I3：After test, the crackle of safety tongs caliper and guide rail, deformation are checked, if there are do not meet following will Situation about asking, is considered as test failure, should again test.And record relevant situation, photo should be shot if necessary as change Shape or the evidence of crackle.

After test, caliper has allowed crackle, but the deformation of flawless and impact function answered by braking member；

Guide rail after test should no affect deformation and the crackle of function.Impression peak is less than guide rail former working surface thickness 1% deformation being considered as impact function, is shown in Fig. 4.

Step I4：After above-mentioned steps I3 meet the requirements, read when being loaded directly into the fracture of safety tongs caliper or plastic deformation and Measure maximum bearing load F_maxIf,：F_max>F_{Maximum total braking force}=a_maxm+g_nM=(a_max+g_n) (P+Q)=k_max×g_n

, then the intensity of the caliper of safety tongs is qualified.

Preferably, B guide rail includes two B guide rails being arranged side by side opposite to each other, and safety tongs includes corresponding to two guide rails respectively Two safety tongs.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems also includes：A kind of elevator instantaneous safety pliers examination is provided Experiment device is it is characterised in that including test-bed, the A guide rail being vertically located in test-bed, can setting along A slide The carrier in test-bed, the acceleration transducer being located on carrier, be arranged on carrier and with A guide rail cooperation Safety tongs, the speed limit hawser of the limiter of speed being located on test-bed, connection limiter of speed and safety tongs, the examination being located on carrier Test weight and the signal processing and analysis system electrically connecting with limiter of speed and acceleration transducer, to allow limiter of speed to pass through speed limit Hawser triggers safety tongs, to be derived from the signal of limiter of speed and acceleration transducer by signal processing and analysis system acquisition.

Preferably, A guide rail includes symmetrically arranged two A guide rails；Carrying is erected between two A guide rails, carrier Sidepiece is slidably engaged with two A guide rails, with carrier along A guide rail slip；

Safety tongs includes two safety tongs with two A guide rail cooperations respectively, passes through linkage between two safety tongs Connect；Speed limit hawser connects connecting rod to realize the connection of speed limit hawser and safety tongs.

Preferably, including the Diao Sheng mechanism for hanging liter carrier, Diao Sheng mechanism and the carrier being located above carrier Separably attached.

Preferably, Diao Sheng mechanism includes hanging a liter hawser, is located at the movable pulley hanging on liter hawser, the unhook being located on movable pulley The device and removable pin on tripping gear can be located at sliding axially；Carrier hangs on removable pin, to be lived by sliding Dynamic pin is making carrier depart from sliding pin thus separating Diao Sheng mechanism and carrier.

Implement technical scheme, at least there is following beneficial effect：Elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method Cooperation elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig, to implement, is tested to safety tongs stopping power by drop shutter test, can Solve three big problems of the method presence that current standard in background technology specifies by ground, drop shutter test truly reflects instantaneously The actual impulse size of the formula safety tongs course of work and the impact of system response time, result of the test is accurate.And drop shutter test It is also the reliable method of the intensity examining safety tongs with instantaneous safety with actual identical operating mode.And the instantaneous formula of this elevator Safety tongs test method further demonstrates the intensity of safety tongs caliper using static pressure test, result of the test have very high can By property.The present invention provide elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method can for instantaneous safety production-type test, sizing and Come into operation and the foundation of more science is provided.

Brief description

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing：

Fig. 1 is one safety tongs to be carried out test the vertical deviation-test force trial curve obtaining by existing method.

Fig. 2 is another by existing method, safety tongs to be carried out testing the vertical deviation-test force trial curve obtaining.

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig in one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is that the local of A guide rail after instantaneous safety carries out drop shutter test or after static pressure test or B guide rail surface shows (impression peak on A guide rail or B guide rail for the safety tongs is less than the 1% of guide rail former working surface thickness to intention, belongs to the feelings not allowed Shape).

Fig. 5,6 it is to carry out static pressure test by the elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method of the present invention to safety tongs to obtain respectively The lateral displacement arriving-test force trial curve and vertical deviation-test force trial curve.

Fig. 7, the 8 elevator instantaneous safety pliers test methods being respectively in one embodiment of the present invention carry out static pressure test Schematic front view and the schematic top plan view direction of exerting pressure of forcing press 200 (direction of arrow be).

Wherein, 1. safety tongs, 11. linkages, 2. test-bed, 3. carrier, 31. base plates, 32. top boards, 33. connections Portion, 4. acceleration transducer, 5. limiter of speed, 51. speed limit hawsers, 52. speed limit tensioning wheels, 6. test weight, 7. Diao Sheng mechanism, 71. hang a liter hawser, 72. movable pulleys, 73. tripping gears, 74. removable pins, 8. buffer, 9.A guide rail, 91. guide rail original surfaces, The new impression of 92. guide rails, 93. guide rails former working surface thickness 1% depth line, 94. impression peaks be less than the former working surface of guide rail The 1% of thickness, 95. guide rails former working surface thickness, 100.B guide rail, 110. lateral displacement sensors, 200. forcing presses.

Specific embodiment

In order to be more clearly understood to the technical characteristic of the present invention, purpose and effect, now comparison accompanying drawing describes in detail The specific embodiment of the present invention.In the elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method of the present invention and its description of experimental rig, It is to be appreciated that "front", "rear", " on ", the term such as D score be for only for ease of description technical scheme, rather than Indicate that the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, be therefore not considered as limiting the invention.

【Embodiment one】

The principle of technical solution of the present invention is using drop shutter test, the stopping power of safety tongs 1 to be tested, and leads to Cross static pressure test and further verification experimental verification is carried out to the intensity of safety tongs 1.

Drop shutter test is the truth using on elevator according to instantaneous safety, by the safety tongs 1 of 2 instantaneous formulas It is arranged on a special carrier, and is connected with linkage 2, triggered by supporting limiter of speed 5, what exclusion was assumed is The system response time is inaccurate to produce impact to Bottom Runby, during the clamping element of Accurate Determining safety tongs 1 and guide rail contact Bottom Runby.Measure its braking acceleration change curve during safety tongs 1 drop shutter test of instantaneous formula, thus try to achieve safety Clamp the active force to guide rail for 1 course of action.Drop shutter test is the actual condition examination safety tongs with instantaneous safety work Intensity, drop shutter test is also to measure the stopping power and braking procedure reliable method to guide rail impulsive force.

Static pressure test is the method for the intensity of safety tongs 1 caliper verifying instantaneous formula further.

The permission quality of the safety tongs 1 of instantaneous formula can be primarily determined that by drop shutter test, and can be true further by static pressure test The permission quality of the safety tongs 1 of fixed (checking) instantaneous formula.

As shown in figure 3, the invention provides a kind of elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method, comprising the following steps.

Step A：Test-bed is provided, erects the A guide rail 9 being located in test-bed, can slide along A guide rail 9 and be located at Carrier 3 in test-bed 2, it is arranged on carrier acceleration transducer 4, is arranged on carrier 3 and coordinates with A guide rail 9 2 safety tongs 1, be located at the limiter of speed 5 on test-bed top, connect the speed limit hawser 51 of limiter of speed 5 and linkage 2, set On carrier 3 with the linkage 2 of speed limit hawser and safe clipper joint, the test weight 6 being located on carrier 3 and with limit Fast device 5 and the signal processing and analysis system of acceleration transducer 4 electrical connection, wherein, the matter of the quality of carrier 3 and test weight Amount sum should be equal to the permission gross mass (P+Q) of application.

The technical program is to slide come simulant elevator car along the shape that slide along A guide rail 9 with carrier 3 in test-bed State, acceleration transducer 4 is used for acceleration when detecting that carrier 3 falls, and is located at the quality of the test weight 6 in carrier 3 It is used for the carrier quality of simulant elevator car and the quality of car with the quality of carrier 3.This elevator instantaneous safety pliers tries Experiment device is used for carrying out drop shutter test to the safety tongs 1 of instantaneous formula.

Step B：In certain altitude releasing bearing frame 3, so that it falls along A guide rail 9；Wherein, in dropping process, speed limit Device 5 triggering safety tongs 1 is so that carrier 3 slows down and stops.Safety tongs caliper no open defect, limiter of speed 5 should be checked before test The safety tongs flexible movements manipulating.Measurement safety tongs caliper is in voussoir or roller direction of extrusion size, and marks measurement position, with Just compare plastic deformation after testing.

Pulling force sensor should be used after test, measure the lifting power needed for release safety tongs.

The drop shutter test of 4 step B identical limiter of speed triggering safety tongs should be carried out, braking unit before testing every time, should be made Part reaches normal temperature.Test is using the safety tongs being triggered test by the limiter of speed inviting unit offer, so that accurate measurement limits The response time of the whole manipulation process that fast device mechanical action to safe clamp brake starts and corresponding height of drop.Try each time Test and should carry out on one section of original guide rail.The model of test A guide rail, specification test invitation unit are clear and definite.In test Simulating Safety the rail state of real work be should clamp, case hardness and surface lubrication state (be dried, lubricate) etc. included.

Step C：Check whether safety tongs 1 meets the following requirements after step B：

1) safety tongs 1 caliper is in voussoir or roller direction of extrusion plastic-less deformation, and flawless answered by caliper and braking member Other deformation with impact function；Impression peak on A guide rail 9 is not less than 1% (Fig. 4), caliper and the system of former working surface thickness Other deformation of dynamic element flawless and impact function, guide rail plastic deformation does not affect the normal use of elevator.

2) if safety tongs 1 is explosion-proof type safety tongs, the wedge surface spraying of safety tongs 1 or preventing of using after action test The material of non-electrical spark is still intact；

As do not met requirements above, then test failure, test mass cannot function as the permission quality of safety tongs 1.Need with Censorship unit is conferred after reducing test mass or Curve guide impeller and is again tested.

Step D：Signal processing and analysis system acquisition acceleration transducer and the actuating signal of limiter of speed, with recording step B The acceleration of dropping process and starting time t of the change curve of time and limiter of speed₁Stop the time t of whereabouts with carrier₂. Instrumentation system should be able to detect the signal of 0.01s change.When stimulus acquisition analysis system response frequency is higher than 100Hz When, calculate data and can adopt low pass filter, passband edge frequency 100Hz filtered data.

Step E：By speed and the change of time can be shown with once integrating of the change curve of time to acceleration Curve, quadratic integral can draw the change curve of displacement and time.From acceleration, speed, the curve of displacement and limiter of speed Starting time t₁Stop, with carrier 3, the time of whereabouts, and curvilinear motion rule is it can be determined that limiter of speed and safety tongs join The time point of dynamic response starting and ending, the time point of safe clamp brake starting and ending.

Step F：From acceleration, speed, the curve of displacement and limiter of speed and safety tongs coordination and response starting and ending Time point, the time point of safe clamp brake starting and ending.Can calculate needed for limiter of speed and safety tongs coordination and response when Between and time needed for response process distance of fall, braking procedure and braking distance, the average retardation rate of braking procedure and maximum Deceleration, and average total braking force and maximum braking force during safe clamp brake, that is, the average impact to A guide rail for the safety tongs Power and maximum impact force.

Calculate the F of safety tongs_{Average total braking force}：

F_{Averagely total impulsive force}=F_{Average total braking force}=a_avem+g_nM=(a_ave+g_n)(P+Q)

k₁=F_{Average total braking force}/g_n(P+Q)

F_{Single safety tongs Brake Mean Power}=(a_avem+g_nM)/2=(a_ave+g_n)(P+Q)/2

Above formula：a_aveThe average retardation rate of-stop, g_n- acceleration of gravity, m- test mass, P- car mass, Q- is specified Loading capacity, k₁Average impact coefficient to track during the effect of-instantaneous safety.

Step G：Confirm preliminary permission quality (P+Q)₁.

If meet following condition simultaneously：

(1). the inspection after test meets the requirement of step C；

(2). impact coefficient k1 is less than or equal to GB7588-2003 annex G guide rail and checks the value (note that design conditions specify 1)；

(3).2.5g_nThe above deceleration time is not more than 0.04s；

(4). the Brake Mean Power that every time test measures, without departing from 4 drop shutter test Brake Mean Powers mean value ± During 25% scope；

(5). the lifting power of release safety tongs should be less than 1.25 (P+Q) g_n.

Test mass is tentatively the permission quality of safety tongs.The above drop shutter test that i.e. safety tongs is carried out under allowing quality Qualified.

Note 1：GB7588-2003 annex G guide rail checks design conditions：Table G2, the wink of voussoir (with non-not tear-away roller) Up-to-date style safety tongs, impact coefficient k1=5.0；The instantaneous safety of roller (the not tear-away roller of band), impact coefficient k1= 3.0.

If the impact coefficient k1 that unit proposes the requirement more than GB7588-2003 annex G is invited in type approval test, pattern is tried Test mechanism and can determine, according to other requirements of this impact coefficient and 2.1, the permission quality that test mass is safety tongs, but necessary With the explanation of conclusion an equal amount of font using this safety tongs in the conclusion hurdle of type-test report and type approval test certificate Elevator should be by this impact coefficient checking computations guide rail, car frame etc..

Further, carrier 3 also can be provided with displacement transducer, for detecting displacement and the time of carrier 3 whereabouts Relation curve, thus can verify the accuracy of the signal of acceleration transducer detection.

By using acceleration transducer 4, displacement transducer and/or limiter of speed 5 mechanical action switching signal, record pendant Fall, the acceleration of stop overall process and the change of the change curve of the change curve of time, speed and time and displacement and time Curve.

In other words, using this elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method come during to carrying out safety tongs 1 drop shutter test, certain Height releasing bearing frame 3, together with test weight 6, allows it to fall along A guide rail 9；In dropping process, the falling speed of carrier 3 Constantly increase, when the speed of carrier 3 exceedes the setting value of limiter of speed 5, limiter of speed 5 carries out mechanical action and passes through speed limit hawser Triggering safety tongs 1 with linkage, safety tongs 1 acts on A guide rail 9, brake carrier 3, so that carrier 3 is slowed down until stopping.

In certain embodiments, step A also includes：There is provided be located at carrier 3 top to hang liter for hang liter carrier 3 Mechanism 7, Diao Sheng mechanism 7 is separably attached with carrier 3, thus when carrying out drop shutter test, will be able to be held by Diao Sheng mechanism 7 Carrier 3 hangs and is raised to certain altitude, is then peeled off Diao Sheng mechanism 7 and carrier 3, so that carrier 3 is fallen along A guide rail 9.；Step B bag Include：With Diao Sheng mechanism 7, carrier 3 is hung after being raised to certain altitude, Shi Diaosheng mechanism 7 is separated with carrier 3, so that carrier 3 fall along A guide rail 9.

Preferably, Diao Sheng mechanism 7 includes hanging liter hawser 71, is located at the movable pulley 72 hanging on liter hawser 71, is located at movable pulley Tripping gear 73 on the 72 and removable pin 74 on tripping gear 73 can be located at sliding axially；Carrier 3 hangs over activity On pin 74；Step B includes, and is hung carrier 3 with Diao Sheng mechanism 7 after being raised to certain altitude, and slip removable pin 74 is making carrying Frame 3 departs from sliding pin thus separating Diao Sheng mechanism 7 and carrier 3, so that carrier 3 falls along A guide rail 9.

In certain embodiments, the lower section of carrier 3 is provided with buffer 8, and buffer 8 is located at carrier 3 bottom, buffer 8 as insurance institution, if bracing frame cannot stop in drop shutter test and drop to carrier 3 bottom, carrier 3 drops to On buffer 8, buffer 8 slows down the speed that drops of carrier 3, reduces to elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig.

In certain embodiments, speed limit hawser is provided with the speed limit tensioning wheel 52 of tensioning speed limit hawser 51, speed limit tensioning wheel 52 enable limiter of speed 5 normally to run with speed limit hawser 51, and ensure that limiter of speed 5 can trigger the damage of safety tongs effectively Bad.

In certain embodiments, limiter of speed 5 is located at the top of carrier 3, is located at the top of linkage 2, and speed limit is opened Bearing up pulley 52 is located at the lower section of carrier 3, is located at the bottom of linkage 2, and speed limit hawser connects linkage 2, makes limiter of speed Action triggers 2 safety tongs simultaneously.

In certain embodiments, it is provided with roller in carrier 3, to make carrier 3 sliding along A guide rail 9 together with test weight 6 Dynamic.

In certain embodiments, safety tongs 1 is located at the bottom of carrier 3, is transported in elevator with preferably simulating Safety pincers Situation about making, because common safety tongs is the bottom being located at elevator cab.

Following table is that using this elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method, safety tongs 1 is carried out with several groups of actual numbers of drop shutter test According to.Wherein, test instantaneous safety parameter：Allow quality 4000kg, A guide rail 9 width 16mm, rated speed of lift 0.63m/ S, wedge block-shaped.

Instantaneous safety drop shutter test tables of data (quality of test weight is 4000kg)

From upper table impact coefficient one row as can be seen that this instantaneous safety sample impact coefficient is more than 5, according to this patent Requirement, again test after needing adjusted design parameter.The data that this group impact coefficient is more than 5 also illustrate that existing instantaneous formula Safety tongs type approval test requires not examining this index of impact coefficient to be ill-considered.

As for instantaneous safety static pressure test, then it is the method for the intensity of checking instantaneous safety caliper further, The method of static pressure test includes two kinds.

In certain embodiments, this elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method includes a kind of static pressure test method.Instantaneous formula Safety tongs static pressure test is the method for the intensity of checking instantaneous safety caliper further.

(1) prepare before testing：

1. carry out static pressure test using a speed no forcing press of mutation or similar devices, afterburning speed is not more than 100kN/min；

2. during testing, should directly or indirectly record the relation of load and vertical travel distance, load and caliper deformation Curve.Guide rail should be made to slide from the safety tongs braking member of clamping, the transversely deforming of caliper to be measured in process of the test；Survey Amount point should be chosen along at about half the caliper height outside caliper of the lateral stressed direction of voussoir, and carries out mark；Allow two Section guide rail bottom welding, is tested together to two safety tongs together.As shown in Figure 8.

3. test should be carried out on one section of original guide rail.Simulating Safety leading of real work should be clamped in test Track-like state, including guide rail specification, case hardness and surface lubrication state (be dried, lubricate)；

5. should check before static pressure test.Should check before static pressure test that safety tongs is intact, no open defect.Measurement safety tongs pincers Body is in voussoir or roller direction of extrusion size, and marks measurement position, to compare plastic deformation after test.

Following methods 1,2 can be consulted to determine by test unit and censorship unit：

(2) method 1.

Step H1：There is provided the B guide rail 100 with safety tongs 1 cooperation and forcing press 200, forcing press applies pressure to B guide rail 100, B guide rail 100 is made to slide with respect to safety tongs 1；Determine test load.Test pressure machine loaded load is that safety coefficient S is (flat with F All total braking forces) product (two safety tongs are tested simultaneously)：

F_{(forcing press load)}=S × F_{(average total braking force)}=S (P+Q)₁(k₁×gn)

Safety coefficient S should be greater than 5.

Step H2：Test to setting test load, maintain 10s, then unload.

Step H3：Crackle, Deformation checking to safety tongs caliper and guide rail after test, if do not meet one of following requirements Item is considered as test failure, should again test.Record situation, should shoot photo if necessary as the card of deformation or crackle According to.

(1) after requiring test, the deformation of flawless and impact function answered by caliper and braking member；

(2) guide rail after test is required should no to affect deformation and the crackle of function.Impression peak is less than the former working surface of guide rail The 1% of thickness is considered as the deformation of impact function, sees Fig. 4.

Step H4：The confirmation of result of the test.

After the completion of test, the crackle of guide rail, Deformation checking, meet the requirement of H3, then static pressure test result is：Caliper strong Degree is qualified.

(3) method 2.

Step I1：There is provided the B guide rail 100 with safety tongs 1 cooperation and forcing press 200, forcing press applies pressure to B guide rail 100, B guide rail 100 is made to slide with respect to safety tongs 1；It is loaded directly into the fracture of safety tongs caliper or plastic deformation measuring maximum and holding Carry load F_max(two safety tongs are tested simultaneously).

Step I2：It is loaded onto the fracture of safety tongs caliper or plastic deformation and measure maximum bearing load F_max, then unload Carry.

Step I3：After test, the crackle of safety tongs caliper and guide rail, deformation are checked, if there are do not meet following will Situation about asking, is considered as test failure, should again test.Record relevant situation, photo should be shot if necessary as deformation Or the evidence of crackle.

After test, caliper has allowed crackle, but the deformation of flawless and impact function answered by braking member；

Guide rail after test should no affect deformation and the crackle of function.Impression peak is less than guide rail former working surface thickness 1% deformation being considered as impact function, is shown in Fig. 4.

Step I4：The confirmation of result of the test.

After above-mentioned steps I3 meet the requirements, read safety tongs caliper when being loaded directly into and rupture or be plastically deformed and measure Big bearing load F_maxIf,：

F_max>F_{Maximum total braking force}=a_maxm+g_nM=(a_max+g_n) (P+Q)=k_max×g_n(P+Q)

Above formula：F_{Maximum total braking force}Maximum total braking force measured by drop shutter test, a_maxThe maximum deceleration of stop, g_n— Acceleration of gravity, m test mass, P car mass, Q nominal load capacity, k_maxTo rail during instantaneous safety effect The maximum impact coefficient in road.

Then static pressure test result is：The intensity of caliper is qualified.

Fig. 6,7 it is two reality that using this elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method, safety tongs 1 is carried out with static pressure test Data and curves.Can read from static pressure test curve, be loaded directly into the fracture of safety tongs 1 caliper or plastic deformation measuring Big bearing load F_maxFor 1070kN, can get braking procedure maximum acceleration value from drop shutter test tables of data is 12.747g_n, It is 125.0m/s².

F_max=1070kN

F_{Maximum total braking force}=a_maxm+g_nM=(a_max+g_n)(P+Q)

=(125+9.8) × 4000=539200N=539.2kN

F_max>F_{Maximum total braking force}

So, static pressure test result is：The intensity of caliper is qualified.

To sum up, the elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method of the present invention is carried out to safety tongs 1 mass by drop shutter test Detection, reliably solves the three big problems that the method that in background technology, current standard specifies exists, and drop shutter test is truly anti- Reflect the impulsive force size of the instantaneous safety course of work and the impact of system response time, and drop shutter test has been also with instantaneous The reliable method of the intensity of safety tongs examined by formula safety tongs with actual identical operating mode.And this elevator instantaneous safety pliers is tested Method further demonstrates the intensity of safety tongs 1 caliper using static pressure test, and result of the test has very high reliability.Thus The elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method that the present invention provides can be instantaneous safety production-type test, sizing and input Using the foundation providing more science.

【Embodiment two】

As shown in figure 3, present invention also offers a kind of elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig, above-mentioned elevator wink can be coordinated Up-to-date style safety tongs test method implementing, it include linkage 2, the A guide rail 9 being vertically located in linkage 2, can be along A Carrier 3 that guide rail 9 is slidably disposed within linkage 2, the acceleration transducer 4 being located on carrier 3, it is arranged on carrier Safety tongs 1 on 3 and with A guide rail 9 cooperation, the limiter of speed 5 being located on linkage 2, it is connected limiter of speed 5 and the limit of safety tongs 1 Fast hawser 51, the test weight 6 being located on carrier 3 and the signals collecting electrically connecting with limiter of speed 5 and acceleration transducer 4 Analysis system, with allow limiter of speed 5 by speed limit hawser 51 trigger safety tongs 1, with by signal processing and analysis system acquisition Lai Signal from limiter of speed 5 and acceleration transducer 4.Present invention carrier 3 slides to simulate along guide rail 9 in test-bed 2 The state that elevator cab slides along guide rail 9, acceleration transducer 4 is used for acceleration when detecting that carrier 3 falls, and is located at carrying Test weight 6 in frame 3 is used for the carrier in simulant elevator bridge railway carriage or compartment.This elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig is used for instantaneous The safety tongs 1 of formula carries out drop shutter test.

Drop shutter test is the truth using on elevator according to instantaneous safety, and instantaneous safety is arranged on On one special test-bed 2, triggered by supporting limiter of speed 5, the Bottom Runby in system response time that exclusion is assumed, Clamping element contact with guide rail 9 during Bottom Runby impact, measure during instantaneous safety drop shutter test its braking Acceleration change curve, thus tries to achieve the active force to guide rail 9 for the safety tongs course of action.Drop shutter test is with instantaneous safety The actual condition of work examines the intensity of safety tongs, measures the stopping power and braking procedure reliable method to guide rail 9 impulsive force.

Safety tongs caliper no open defect should be checked, the safety tongs flexible movements that limiter of speed 5 manipulates before test.Measurement safety Pincers caliper is in voussoir or roller direction of extrusion size, and marks measurement position, to compare plastic deformation after test.

, released in certain altitude during to carrying out safety tongs 1 drop shutter test using this elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig Put carrier 3 together with test weight 6, allow it to fall along guide rail 9；In dropping process, the falling speed of carrier 3 constantly increases Greatly, when the speed of carrier 3 exceedes the setting value of limiter of speed 5, limiter of speed 5 carries out mechanical action triggering safety tongs 1, safety tongs 1 acts on guide rail 9, brakes carrier 3, so that carrier 3 is slowed down until stopping.After finishing drop shutter test, discharge safety tongs 1, It is to make safety tongs 1 unclamp guide rail 9, and uses pulling force sensor, measure the lifting power of release safety tongs.

Preferably, multiple drop shutter test is carried out to safety tongs 1, to judge the matter of safety tongs 1 with the mean value of result of the test Amount.

Signal processing and analysis system acquisition acceleration transducer 4 and the signal of limiter of speed 5, to record the startup of limiter of speed 5 Time t₁Stop the time t of whereabouts with carrier 3₂, and calculate carrier 3 in braking time t₃Interior average retardation rate a, its In, t₃=t₂-t₁；Calculate the average total braking force F of safety tongs 1_{Average total braking force}, the average impact coefficient to A guide rail 9 for the safety tongs 1 K1, wherein,

F_{Average total braking force}=am+g_nM=(a+g_n)(P+Q)；

k₁=F_{Average total braking force}/g_n(P+Q)

In above formula：The average retardation rate of a- stop, g_n- acceleration of gravity, m- test mass, P- car mass, Q- is specified Loading capacity, k₁Average impact coefficient to guide rail 9 during the effect of-instantaneous safety.

Further, carrier 3 also can be provided with displacement transducer, for detecting carrier 3 drop.

By using acceleration transducer 4, displacement transducer and/or limiter of speed 5 mechanical action switching signal, record pendant Fall, the acceleration of stop overall process and the change curve of the change curve of time and displacement and time, thus drawing above formula.

Finally judge k₁Whether satisfaction requires.If k₁Meet and require, then safety tongs 1 is up-to-standard；If k₁Being unsatisfactory for will Ask, then safety tongs 1 is off quality.For example for k₁Conventional requirement is, k₁Lead less than or equal to GB7588-2003 annex G Rail 9 checks the value that design conditions specify.If additionally, the requirement of the impact coefficient k1 for safety tongs 1, more than GB7588- According to this impact coefficient, the requirement of 2003 annex G, can determine using static pressure test that test mass is safety tongs further Allow quality.

Preferably, carrier 3 includes the connecting portion 33 of base plate 31, top board 32 and connecting bottom board 31 and top board 32, top board 32 and base plate 31 define accommodate test weight 6 space, test weight 6 be located on base plate 31.

In certain embodiments, this elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig include being located at carrier 3 top being used for hang Rise the Diao Sheng mechanism 7 of carrier 3, Diao Sheng mechanism 7 is separably attached with carrier 3.Thus when carrying out drop shutter test, can lead to Carrier 3 is hung and is raised to certain altitude by Guo Diaosheng mechanism 7, is then peeled off Diao Sheng mechanism 7 and carrier 3, makes carrier 3 along guide rail 9 whereabouts.

Preferably, Diao Sheng mechanism 7 includes hanging liter hawser 71, is located at the movable pulley 72 hanging on liter hawser 71, is located at movable pulley Tripping gear 73 on the 72 and removable pin 74 on tripping gear 73 can be located at sliding axially；Carrier 3 hangs over activity On pin 74, to make carrier 3 depart from sliding pin by slip removable pin 74 thus separating Diao Sheng mechanism 7 and carrier 3.Entering During row drop shutter test, by Diao Sheng mechanism 7, carrier 3 can be hung and be raised to certain altitude, be then peeled off Diao Sheng mechanism 7 and carrier 3, so that carrier 3 is fallen along guide rail 9.Signal processing and analysis system can electrically connect with saying mechanism 7, with recording carrying frame 3 The initial time falling.

In certain embodiments, this elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig includes being located at the buffer of carrier 3 lower section 8, buffer 8 is located at carrier 3 bottom, buffer 8 as insurance institution, if bracing frame cannot stop in drop shutter test and Drop to carrier 3 bottom, then carrier 3 drops on buffer 8, buffer 8 slows down the speed that drops of carrier 3, reduce To elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig.

In certain embodiments, this elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig includes the speed limit tensioning of tensioning speed limit hawser 51 Wheel 52, speed limit tensioning wheel 52 enables limiter of speed 5 normally to run with speed limit hawser 51, and ensures that limiter of speed 5 can be effectively Triggering safety tongs.

In certain embodiments, limiter of speed 5 is located at the top of carrier 3, is located at the top of test-bed 2, and speed limit is opened Bearing up pulley 52 is located at the lower section of carrier 3, is located at the bottom of test-bed 2, is provided with roller in limiter of speed 5, and speed limit hawser 51 is wound on To form revolution in vertical direction on the roller of limiter of speed 5 and speed limit tensioning wheel 52.

In certain embodiments, guide rail 9 includes symmetrically arranged two guide rails 9；Carrier 3 is located between two guide rails 9, The sidepiece of carrier 3 is slidably engaged with two guide rails 9, so that carrier 3 slides along guide rail 9.

Preferably, safety tongs 1 includes two safety tongs 1 with two guide rail 9 cooperations respectively, logical between two safety tongs 1 Cross linkage 11 to connect；Speed limit hawser 51 connects connecting rod to realize the connection of speed limit hawser 51 and safety tongs 1.Using this elevator During instantaneous safety experimental rig carries out drop shutter test to safety tongs 1, when the speed of carrier 3 exceedes limiter of speed 5 During setting value, limiter of speed 5 carries out mechanical moving and passes through speed limit hawser 51 drivening rod mechanism 11 and then trigger two safety tongs simultaneously 1, carrier 3 braked by two safety tongs 1.

In certain embodiments, safety tongs 1 is located at the bottom of carrier 3, is transported in elevator with preferably simulating Safety pincers Situation about making, because common safety tongs is the bottom being located at elevator cab.

Include some particular content following in the process doing drop shutter test with this elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig：

(1) special test-bed 2, signal processing and analysis system and acceleration, displacement transducer or acceleration is used to survey Try instrument and auxiliary member carries out the drop shutter test of safety tongs 1.Instrumentation system should be able to detect the signal of 0.01s change.

(2) carrier 3 equipped with test weight 6 and a pair of sample safety tongs should be carried out with the limiter of speed 5 of 4 times or more The drop shutter test of safety tongs linkage, should make the braking member of safety tongs 1 reach normal temperature before testing every time.

(3) using the safety tongs of limiter of speed 5 maneuvering test being provided by censorship unit, so that accurately measurement limiter of speed 5 machine The response time of the whole manipulation process that tool action starts to safety tongs 1 braking and corresponding height of drop.

(4) test should be carried out on one section of original guide rail 9 each time.The model of guide rail 9, specification test censorship Unit is clear and definite.In test should simulating Safety clamp real work guide rail 9 state, including case hardness and surface lubrication state (be dried, lubricate) etc..

(5) height of whereabouts, safety tongs 1 braking member should directly or indirectly be recorded during testing each time in guide rail Braking distance on 9, limiter of speed 5 mechanical action is triggered, safety tongs 1 step switch triggering when speed, and acceleration and The variation relation curve of displacement and time is in addition it is also necessary to direct record or indirectly calculate average total braking force and maximum total braking Power.When stimulus acquisition analysis system response frequency is higher than 100Hz, calculates data and can adopt low pass filter, passband Edge frequency 100Hz filtered data.

(6) for the safety tongs 1 being suitable for different quality, 4 drop shutter tests should be carried out respectively using different quality, different Allow quality all should meet for k₁Requirement；

(7), when being tested using dynamic signal acquisition analysis system, this system (subtracting device containing the biography using) should carry out low Bandpass filter, the filtered gauging calibration of passband edge frequency 100Hz.

(8) actual mass of carrier 3 not should be greater than the permission quality of safety tongs 1.

Additionally, also can be further advanced by whether inspection safety tongs 1 meets following condition, to judge the quality of safety tongs 1 Whether qualified, be, when safety tongs 1 meets following condition further, safety tongs 1 up-to-standard：

Condition 1：Safety tongs 1 caliper (is plastically deformed and is considered as less than 0.2% in voussoir or roller direction of extrusion plastic-less deformation Plastic-less deformation), and other deformation of flawless and impact function answered by the caliper of safety tongs 1 and braking member；Safety tongs 1 is being led Impression peak on rail 9 is not less than guide rail 9 original surface, and (Fig. 4, the 5 impression peaks being respectively on guide rail 9 are not less than and to be less than guide rail 9 former The situation on surface), other deformation of safety tongs 1 caliper and braking member flawless and impact function, should shoot if necessary Photo；Guide rail 9 is plastically deformed the normal use not affecting elevator；For explosion-proof type safety tongs, after drop shutter test, safety tongs 1 The material of wedge surface spraying or the anti-non-electrical spark using is still intact；

Condition 2：In dropping process, carrier 3 is in a>The time of 2.5gn state is not more than 0.04 second；

Condition 3：If carrying out multiple drop shutter test to safety tongs 1, the Brake Mean Power that test measures every time is without departing from institute There is ± 25% scope of the mean value of drop shutter test Brake Mean Power.

Condition 4：The lifting power of release safety tongs should be less than 1.25 (P+Q) g_n.

Note：GB7588-2003 annex G guide rail 9 checks design conditions：Table G2, the wink of voussoir (with non-not tear-away roller) Up-to-date style safety tongs, impact coefficient k₁=5.0；The instantaneous safety of roller (the not tear-away roller of band), impact coefficient k₁=3.0.

It is allowed to clear up to the braking member surface of safety tongs 1 after carrying out drop shutter test, but do not allow caliper is entered Row is repaired.

To sum up, the elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig of the present invention can be used to the quality of the safety tongs 1 to instantaneous formula and does Test, reliably solves the three big problems that the method that in background technology, current standard specifies exists, and drop shutter test is truly anti- The impulsive force size of the instantaneous safety course of work and the impact of system response time are reflected, using this elevator instantaneous safety Pincers experimental rig carries out the reliability that drop shutter test is the intensity that instantaneous safety is examined with safety tongs with actual identical operating mode Method, result of the test has very high reliability.

These are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for those skilled in the art For member, the present invention can have various changes, combination and change.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made any Modification, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

Step A：There is provided test-bed (2), erect be located at A guide rail (9) in described test-bed (2), can be along A guide rail (9) Slide and be located in described test-bed (2) carrier (3), be arranged on described carrier (3) acceleration transducer (4), peace It is contained in two safety tongs (1) coordinating on described carrier (3) and with described A guide rail (9), be located on described test-bed (2) The limiter of speed (5) in portion, connect described limiter of speed (5) and described linkage (2) speed limit hawser 51, be located at described carrier (3) upper and be connected with described speed limit hawser (51) and described safety tongs (1) linkage (11), be located at described carrier (3) On test weight (6) and the signal processing and analysis system electrically connecting with described limiter of speed (5) and described acceleration transducer (4) System；

Step B：Discharge described carrier (3) in certain altitude, so that it falls along described A guide rail (9)；Wherein, falling Cheng Zhong, described limiter of speed (5) triggers described safety tongs (1) so that described carrier (3) slows down and stops；

Pulling force sensor should be used after test, measure the lifting power discharging needed for described safety tongs (1)；

The drop shutter test of the 4 step B identical limiter of speeds described safety tongs of triggering (1) should be carried out, before testing every time, system should be made Dynamic element reaches normal temperature；

Step C：Check whether described safety tongs (1) meets the following requirements after step B：

1) described safety tongs (1) caliper is in voussoir or roller direction of extrusion plastic-less deformation, and caliper and braking member should no split Other deformation of line and impact function；Impression peak on A guide rail (9) is not less than the 1% of former working surface thickness, caliper and braking Other deformation of element flawless and impact function, guide rail plastic deformation does not affect the normal use of elevator.

2) if described safety tongs (1) be explosion-proof type safety tongs, after action test described safety tongs (1) wedge surface spraying or The material of the anti-non-electrical spark using is still intact；

As do not met requirements above, then test failure；

Step D：The actuating signal of acceleration transducer (4) and described limiter of speed (5) described in signal processing and analysis system acquisition, with The acceleration of carrier (3) dropping process described in recording step B and the change curve of time and starting time t of limiter of speed₁With Carrier stops the time t of whereabouts₂；

Step E：By speed and the change curve of time are shown with once integrating of the change curve of time to acceleration, secondary Integration draws the change curve of displacement and time；When acceleration, the startup of speed, the curve of displacement and described limiter of speed (5) Between t₁Stop the time of whereabouts with described carrier (3), and curvilinear motion rule, judge described limiter of speed (5) and described peace The time point of starting and ending braked by the time point of full pincers (1) coordination and response starting and ending, described safety tongs (1)；

Step F：From acceleration, speed, the curve of displacement and limiter of speed and described safety tongs (1) coordination and response starting and ending The time point of starting and ending braked by time point, described safety tongs (1), calculates described limiter of speed (5) and described safety tongs (1) Time needed for coordination and response and the time needed for response process distance of fall, braking procedure and braking distance, braking procedure Average retardation rate and maximum deceleration, and average total braking force and maximum braking force during described safety tongs (1) braking, that is, Described safety tongs (1) is to the average impact of described A guide rail and maximum impact force；Calculate described safety tongs (1) F_{Average total braking force}：

F_{Averagely total impulsive force}=F_{Average total braking force}=a_avem+g_nM=(a_ave+g_n)(P+Q)

k₁=F_{Average total braking force}/g_n(P+Q)

F_{Single safety tongs Brake Mean Power}=(a_avem+g_nM)/2=(a_ave+g_n)(P+Q)/2；

Step G：Confirm the preliminary permission quality (P+Q) of described safety tongs (1)₁：

If meet following condition simultaneously,

1). the inspection after test meets the requirement of step C；

2). impact coefficient k₁Check the value that design conditions specify less than or equal to GB7588-2003 annex G guide rail；

3).2.5g_nThe above deceleration time is not more than 0.04s；

4). the Brake Mean Power that test measures every time, without departing from ± 25% model of the mean value of 4 drop shutter test Brake Mean Powers Enclose；

5). the lifting power needed for described safety tongs that discharges is less than 1.25 (P+Q) g_n；

Then test mass is tentatively the permission quality of described safety tongs (1).

2. elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described step A also includes： Offer is located at being used for above described carrier (3) and hangs the Diao Sheng mechanism (71) rising described carrier (3), described Diao Sheng mechanism (71) separably attached with described carrier (3)；

Described step B includes：With described Diao Sheng mechanism (71), described carrier (3) is hung after being raised to certain altitude, make described Diao Sheng mechanism (71) is separated with described carrier (3), so that described carrier (3) falls along described A guide rail (9).

3. elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that described Diao Sheng mechanism (71) Including the movable pulley (72) hanging described in hanging a liter hawser (71), being located on a liter hawser (71), be located at de- on described movable pulley (72) Hook device (73) and the removable pin (74) on described tripping gear (73) can be located at sliding axially；Described carrier (3) Hang on described removable pin (74)；

Described step B includes, and is hung described carrier (3) with described Diao Sheng mechanism (71) after being raised to certain altitude, slip institute State removable pin (74) to make described carrier (3) depart from described sliding pin thus separating described Diao Sheng mechanism (71) and described carrying Frame (3), so that described carrier (3) falls along described A guide rail (9).

4. elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that include：

Step H1：The B guide rail (100) being coordinated with described safety tongs (1) and forcing press (200), described forcing press pressure are provided In described B guide rail (100), described B guide rail (100) is made to slide with respect to described safety tongs (1)；Described forcing press (200) plus Carrying load is safety coefficient S and F_{Average total braking force}Product：

F_{Forcing press load}=S × F_{Average total braking force}=S (P+Q)₁(k₁×g_n)

Safety coefficient S is more than 5；

Step H2：Test to setting test load, maintain 10s, then unload；

Step H3：Crackle, Deformation checking to described safety tongs (1) caliper and guide rail after test, if do not meet following requirements One of item be considered as test failure, then again test；

(1) after requiring test, the deformation of flawless and impact function answered by caliper and braking member；

(2) guide rail after test is required should no to affect deformation and the crackle of function, impression peak is less than guide rail former working surface thickness 1% deformation being considered as impact function；

Step H4：The confirmation of result of the test.

5. elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that include：

Step I1：The B guide rail (100) being coordinated with described safety tongs (1) and forcing press (200), described forcing press pressure are provided In described B guide rail (100), described B guide rail (100) is made to slide with respect to described safety tongs (1)；Determine test load, directly add It is loaded onto the fracture of described safety tongs (1) caliper or plastic deformation and measure maximum bearing load F_max；

Step I2：It is loaded onto the fracture of described safety tongs (1) caliper or plastic deformation and measure maximum bearing load F_max, then Unloading；

Step I3：After test, the crackle of described safety tongs (1) caliper and guide rail, deformation are checked, if there are not meeting down The situation that row require, then be considered as test failure, again test；

Guide rail after test no affects deformation and the crackle of function.Impression peak is considered as less than the 1% of guide rail former working surface thickness The deformation of impact function；

Step I4：After above-mentioned steps I3 meet the requirements, read described safety tongs (1) caliper fracture or plastic deformation when being loaded directly into And measure maximum bearing load F_maxIf,：F_max>F_{Maximum total braking force}=a_maxm+g_nM=(a_max+g_n) (P+Q)=k_max×g_n(P+ Q), then the intensity of the caliper of described safety tongs (1) is qualified.

6. the elevator instantaneous safety pliers test method stated according to claim 4 or 5 is it is characterised in that described B guide rail (100) Including two B guide rails (100) being arranged side by side opposite to each other, described safety tongs (1) includes correspond to described two guide rails respectively two Safety tongs (1).

7. a kind of elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig is it is characterised in that including test-bed (2), being vertically located at described examination Test the A guide rail (9) in stand (2), the carrier that can be slidably disposed within described test-bed (2) along described A guide rail (9) (3) acceleration transducer (4) that, is located on described carrier (3), be arranged on described carrier (3) upper and with described A guide rail (9) safety tongs (1) coordinating, the limiter of speed (5) being located on described test-bed (2), the described limiter of speed of connection (5) and described peace The speed limit hawser (51) of full pincers (1), the test weight (6) being located on described carrier (3) and with described limiter of speed (5) and institute State the signal processing and analysis system that acceleration transducer (4) electrically connects, to allow described limiter of speed (5) by described speed limit hawser (51) trigger described safety tongs (1), with by described signal processing and analysis system acquisition be derived from described limiter of speed (5) and described add The signal of velocity sensor (4).

8. elevator instantaneous safety pliers experimental rig according to claim 9 is it is characterised in that described A guide rail (9) includes Symmetrically arranged two A guide rails (9)；Described carrier (3) is located between described two A guide rails (9), described carrier (3) Sidepiece is slidably engaged with described two A guide rails (9), with described carrier (3) along described A guide rail (9) slip；

Two safety tongs (1) that described safety tongs (1) inclusion is coordinated with described two A guide rails (9) respectively, described two safety tongs (1) pass through linkage (11) between to connect；Described speed limit hawser (51) connects described connecting rod to realize described speed limit hawser (51) connection with described safety tongs.

9. elevator safety gear experimental rig according to claim 7 is it is characterised in that include being located at described carrier (3) Being used for of top hangs the Diao Sheng mechanism (7) rising described carrier (3), and described Diao Sheng mechanism (7) is separable with described carrier (3) Ground connects.

10. elevator safety gear experimental rig according to claim 8 is it is characterised in that described Diao Sheng mechanism (7) includes hanging Rise hawser (71), be located at described in the movable pulley (72) hanging on a liter hawser (71), the tripping gear being located on described movable pulley (72) And the removable pin (74) on described tripping gear (73) can be located at sliding axially (73)；Described carrier (3) hangs over institute State on removable pin (74), to make described carrier (3) depart from described sliding pin thus dividing by the described removable pin (74) that slides From described Diao Sheng mechanism (7) and described carrier (3).