CN106437629B - A kind of branch horizontal well recovery method based on starting pressure gradient - Google Patents
A kind of branch horizontal well recovery method based on starting pressure gradient Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The branch horizontal well recovery method based on starting pressure gradient that the invention discloses a kind of, is specifically implemented according to the following steps：The theoretical value of the shale gas yield of branch horizontal well is calculated first, secondly it carries out the operation of branch horizontal well day actual production according to theoretical value and draws branch horizontal well day actual production and the curve graph of time, it is adjusted until curve graph trip point does not occur when trip point occurs in curve graph, when accumulative water yield and equal critical water yield, branch horizontal well is scrapped.A kind of branch horizontal well recovery method based on starting pressure gradient, it is adjusted after the generation of transition point, be conducive to shale gas and carry output water in horizontal wellbore in time, reduce the harm that air-water mixture returns shaft bottom, reduce aggregation of the output water in shaft bottom, it is efficient to reduce maintenance cost, save maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shale gas exploitation operation, and relates to a method for exploiting a branch horizontal well based on a starting pressure gradient.
Background
In shale gas development, the branch well is drilled on the basis of the horizontal well, so that the length of a target layer can be increased, the oil drainage area can be increased, and the oil gas yield can be improved. At present, the branched horizontal well technology is an effective means for exploiting a shale gas reservoir. In shale gas well production, in order to obtain the maximum cumulative production, generally, one method is to control the pressure at the bottom of a horizontal well of a gas well to be constant, and the other method is to control the flow rate at the top of the gas well to be constant.
However, the existing shale gas branch horizontal well mining method generally has the following defects: the bottom hole pressure is kept unchanged, the yield of the gas well is gradually reduced along with the time, and the economic benefit of gas well exploitation is reduced; if the flow of the wellhead is kept unchanged and the time goes on, the formation pressure difference causes formation water to be produced at the bottom of the horizontal well, the formation water blocks an airflow channel of shale gas, and the development life of the gas well is shortened. Neither of these two methods of production takes into account the minimum pressure gradient of shale gas production in the reservoir, i.e., the molecular initiated pressure gradient of shale gas, which is one of the physical properties of shale. The start-up pressure gradient is the threshold value at which the gas can flow in the direction of gas flow after the pressure gradient reaches a certain value, generally determined experimentally. Therefore, a method for exploiting a multilateral horizontal well considering the shale gas initiation pressure gradient so as to improve the shale gas recovery efficiency is needed in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a starting pressure gradient-based method for exploiting a branch horizontal well, and solves the problems that in the existing exploitation of a shale gas branch horizontal well, along with the extension of exploitation time, stratum water at the bottom of the horizontal well blocks an airflow channel of shale gas, and the development life of a gas well is shortened.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for exploiting the branch horizontal well based on the starting pressure gradient is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1: determining core absolute permeability k of target reservoir0Starting pressure gradient G of shale gastAnd viscosity of shale gas mug；
Step 2: establishing a gas-water two-phase seepage formula under the influence of starting pressure gradient:
in the formula, krwRepresents the relative permeability of the aqueous phase; mu.swRepresents the viscosity of the aqueous phase;representing a pressure gradient of the reservoir; q. q.swRepresenting the theoretical daily water yield of the branch horizontal well; q. q.sgRepresenting the daily gas production of the branch horizontal well; k is a radical ofrgRepresenting the relative permeability of shale gas; p represents the pressure at any location in the reservoir;
and step 3: calculating theoretical value q of shale gas yield of branch horizontal well0；
And 4, step 4: according to q in step 30Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q0Simultaneously recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well, and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 5: when the curve A of the step 4 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q1；
Step 6: according to q in step 51Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q1Recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 7: when the curve A of the step 6 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q2；
And 8: repeating the step 6 and the step 7 until the curve graph A of the daily actual yield and the time of the branched horizontal well does not have a jump point, and at the moment, the daily actual yield of the branched horizontal well is not adjusted;
and step 9: summing daily water yield on a curve chart B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well to obtain the accumulated water yield QWater assemblyAnd the branch horizontal well is discarded.
The invention is also characterized in that:
calculating a theoretical value q of shale gas yield of the branch horizontal well in step 30The specific method comprises the following steps:
according to the stable seepage theory, integrating the formula (1) by using a quasi-function method to obtain a shale gas yield formula as follows:
in the formula I0Represents the horizontal length of the gas layer; zscRepresenting the gas compression factor in a standard state; t isscRepresents the temperature in the standard state; rhogscRepresents the gas density in the standard state; p is a radical ofscIndicating a standard state down force; t represents the formation temperature; z represents a gas compression factor; p is a radical ofeRepresenting the original formation pressure; p is a radical ofwnRepresenting the bottom pressure of the horizontal well branch, and R (t) representing the dynamic boundary under the influence of the horizontal well branch; r iswnRepresenting the lateral wellbore radius.
Adjusting daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal well in step 5sThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: determining the branch number m and the interval l of the perforation positions of each adjacent branch well according to the drilling and perforation data of the branch horizontal well, and establishing an adjusting function based on the starting pressure gradient as follows:
wherein,
wherein β represents the shale formation pressure propagation coefficient, v represents the formation pressure drop propagation velocity, f (t) represents an adjustment function, t represents the production time, INT () represents a rounding function, p represents the formation pressure;
step 5.2: branching the daily actual yield q of the horizontal well according to the adjusting function of the step 5.1sThe adjustment is carried out, and the adjustment is carried out,
in the formula, q1Indicating the daily production of gas well wellhead adjustments.
Cumulative water yield Q in step 9Water assemblyThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, qDaily waterRepresenting the daily actual water yield of the shale gas well;
the critical water production in step 9 is determined by exploratory well and well testing data of the target reservoir.
Absolute permeability k of core in step 10Measured by an automatic core permeability tester.
Viscosity mu of shale gas in step 1gObtained by curve fitting.
Starting pressure gradient G of shale gas in step 1tObtained by laboratory measurements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the characteristics of exploitation of shale gas of the branched horizontal well, a gas-water two-phase seepage formula considering the shale gas starting pressure gradient is established, so that the shale gas of a reservoir stratum can be fully exploited, and the recovery ratio of the shale gas is improved;
2. an adjusting function based on the starting pressure gradient is established, so that the yield of the gas well can be reasonably adjusted, blind adjustment is avoided, and damage to the gas layer is reduced;
3. a formula for adjusting the wellhead flow of the gas well in a grading manner according to an adjusting function based on the starting pressure gradient is established, and the stratum production pressure difference can be reduced by selecting the reasonable wellhead flow for adjusting shale gas in a grading manner, so that the stratum water channeling is slowed down, and the mining life of a branch horizontal well is prolonged;
4. when a jump point appears on a production curve chart according to a mining method based on a starting pressure gradient, a proper adjusting time is selected, the pressure drop speed of a region where a pressure drop funnel reaches can be delayed, the desorption gas precipitation time and the desorption amount are prolonged, and therefore the accumulated yield is integrally increased; the adjustment is carried out after the jump point is generated, so that shale gas can carry produced water in a horizontal shaft in time, the harm of returning a gas-water mixture to the shaft bottom is reduced, and the accumulation of the produced water at the shaft bottom is reduced, thereby reducing the maintenance cost, having high efficiency and saving the maintenance cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of curve A;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of curve B.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for exploiting a branch horizontal well based on a starting pressure gradient, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining core absolute permeability k of target reservoir0Starting pressure gradient G of shale gastAnd viscosity of shale gas mug(ii) a Wherein the absolute permeability k of the core0Viscosity mu of shale gas measured by automatic core permeability testergThe starting pressure gradient G of the shale gas is obtained by a curve fitting methodtMeasured by laboratory;
step 2: establishing a gas-water two-phase seepage formula under the influence of starting pressure gradient:
in the formula, krwRepresents the relative permeability of the aqueous phase; mu.swRepresents the viscosity of the aqueous phase;representing a pressure gradient of the reservoir; q. q.swRepresenting the theoretical daily water yield of the branch horizontal well; q. q.sgRepresenting the daily gas production of the branch horizontal well; k is a radical ofrgRepresenting the relative permeability of shale gas; p represents the pressure at any location in the reservoir;
and step 3: calculating theoretical value q of shale gas yield of branch horizontal well0The specific method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: according to the stable seepage theory, integrating the formula (1) by using a quasi-function method to obtain a shale gas yield formula as follows:
in the formula I0Represents the horizontal length of the gas layer; zscRepresenting the gas compression factor in a standard state; t isscRepresents the temperature in the standard state; rhogscRepresents the gas density in the standard state; p is a radical ofscIndicating a standard state down force; t represents the formation temperature; z represents a gas compression factor; p is a radical ofeRepresenting the original formation pressure; p is a radical ofwnRepresenting the bottom hole pressure of a horizontal well branch; r (t) represents the dynamic boundary under the influence of horizontal well branches; r iswnRepresenting a lateral wellbore radius;
and 4, step 4: according to q in step 30Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q0Recording production time, and drawing a curve graph of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well; drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 5: when said step 4 isWhen the curve A has a jump point, the daily actual yield q of the branch horizontal well is adjustedsIs denoted by q1；
Adjusting daily actual yield q of branch horizontal wellsThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: determining the branch number m and the interval l of the perforation positions of each adjacent branch well according to the drilling and perforation data of the branch horizontal well, and establishing an adjusting function based on the starting pressure gradient as follows:
wherein,
wherein β represents the pressure propagation coefficient and decimal number of the shale stratum, v represents the pressure drop propagation speed of the stratum, m/s, f (t) represents an adjusting function, t represents the mining time, h, INT () represents an integer function, p represents the stratum pressure, Mpa;
step 5.2: branching the daily actual yield q of the horizontal well according to the adjusting function of the step 5.1sThe adjustment is carried out, and the adjustment is carried out,
in the formula, q1Indicating the daily adjustment yield of the wellhead of the gas well;
step 6: according to q in step 51Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q1Recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 7: when the jump point occurs in graph a of said step 6,adjusting daily actual yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs denoted by q2；
And 8: repeating the step 6 and the step 7 until the curve graph A of the daily actual yield and the time of the branched horizontal well does not have a jump point, and at the moment, the daily actual yield of the branched horizontal well is not adjusted;
and step 9: summing daily water yield on a curve chart B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well to obtain the accumulated water yield QWater assemblySaid cumulative water production QWater assemblyThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, qDaily waterRepresenting the daily actual water yield of the shale gas well;
and when the accumulated water yield is equal to the critical water yield, the branch horizontal well is discarded.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Because the total gas production of the shale gas well comprises two parts of the production caused by gas layer pressure reduction and the production caused by shale gas desorption gas, the purposes of delaying formation water production and prolonging the service life of the gas well so as to increase the desorption gas production can be achieved by adjusting the wellhead production of the shale gas, and finally the purpose of increasing the total production of the shale gas well is achieved.
According to the characteristics of exploitation of shale gas of the branched horizontal well, a gas-water two-phase seepage formula considering the shale gas starting pressure gradient is established, so that the shale gas of a reservoir stratum can be fully exploited, and the recovery ratio of the shale gas is improved; an adjusting function based on the starting pressure gradient is established, so that the yield of the gas well can be reasonably adjusted, blind adjustment is avoided, and damage to the gas layer is reduced; a formula for adjusting the wellhead flow of the gas well in a grading manner according to an adjusting function based on the starting pressure gradient is established, and the stratum production pressure difference can be reduced by selecting the reasonable wellhead flow for adjusting shale gas in a grading manner, so that the stratum water channeling is slowed down, and the mining life of a branch horizontal well is prolonged; when a jump point appears on a production curve chart according to a mining method based on a starting pressure gradient, a proper adjusting time is selected, the pressure drop speed of a region where a pressure drop funnel reaches can be delayed, the desorption gas precipitation time and the desorption amount are prolonged, and therefore the accumulated yield is integrally increased; the adjustment is carried out after the jump point is generated, so that shale gas can carry produced water in a horizontal shaft in time, the harm of returning a gas-water mixture to the shaft bottom is reduced, and the accumulation of the produced water at the shaft bottom is reduced, thereby reducing the maintenance cost, having high efficiency and saving the maintenance cost.
Claims (8)
1. A method for exploiting a branched horizontal well based on a starting pressure gradient is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining core absolute permeability k of target reservoir0Starting pressure gradient G of shale gastAnd viscosity of shale gas mug；
Step 2: establishing a gas-water two-phase seepage formula under the influence of starting pressure gradient:
in the formula, krwRepresents the relative permeability of the aqueous phase; mu.swRepresents the viscosity of the aqueous phase;representing a pressure gradient of the reservoir; q. q.swRepresenting the theoretical daily water yield of the branch horizontal well; q. q.sgRepresenting the daily gas production of the branch horizontal well; k is a radical ofrgRepresenting the relative permeability of shale gas; p represents the pressure at any location in the reservoir;
and step 3: calculating theoretical value q of shale gas yield of branch horizontal well0；
And 4, step 4: according to q in step 30Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q0Simultaneously recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well, and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 5: when the curve A of the step 4 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q1；
Step 6: according to q in step 51Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q1Simultaneously recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well, and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 7: when the curve A of the step 6 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q2；
And 8: repeating the step 6 and the step 7 until the curve graph A of the daily actual yield and the time of the branched horizontal well does not have a jump point, and at the moment, the daily actual yield of the branched horizontal well is not adjusted;
and step 9: summing daily water yield on a curve chart B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well to obtain the accumulated water yield QWater assemblyWhen the cumulative water yield and the critical water yield are reachedWhen equal, the branch horizontal well is discarded.
2. The method for exploiting the branched horizontal well based on the starting pressure gradient according to claim 1, wherein the absolute permeability k of the core in the step 1 is0Measured by an automatic core permeability tester.
3. The method for exploiting the branched horizontal well based on the starting pressure gradient according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity mu of the shale gas in the step 1gObtained by curve fitting.
4. The method for exploiting a branched horizontal well based on a starting pressure gradient according to claim 1, wherein the starting pressure gradient G of the shale gas in the step 1tObtained by laboratory measurements.
5. The method for exploiting the branch horizontal well based on the starting pressure gradient according to claim 1, wherein the theoretical value q of the shale gas yield of the branch horizontal well is calculated in the step 30The specific method comprises the following steps:
according to the stable seepage theory, integrating the formula (1) by using a quasi-function method to obtain a shale gas yield formula as follows:
in the formula I0Represents the horizontal length of the gas layer; zscRepresenting the gas compression factor in a standard state; t isscRepresents the temperature in the standard state; rhogscRepresents the gas density in the standard state; p is a radical ofscIndicating a standard state down force; t represents the formation temperature; z represents a gas compression factor; p is a radical ofeRepresenting the original formation pressure; p is a radical ofwnRepresenting the bottom pressure of the horizontal well branch, and R (t) representing the dynamic boundary under the influence of the horizontal well branch; r iswnRepresenting branchesThe radius of a well shaft of the well, and m is the branch number determined according to the drilling and perforation data of the branch horizontal well.
6. The method for exploiting the horizontal offset well based on the starting pressure gradient according to claim 5, wherein the daily actual production q of the horizontal offset well is adjusted in the step 5sThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: determining the branch number m and the interval l of the perforation positions of each adjacent branch well according to the drilling and perforation data of the branch horizontal well, and establishing an adjusting function based on the starting pressure gradient as follows:
wherein,
β represents the propagation coefficient and decimal value of the shale formation pressure, v represents the propagation velocity of the formation pressure drop, m/s, (f) (t) represents an adjusting function, t represents the mining time, h, INT () represents an integer function;
step 5.2: according to the adjusting function of the step 5.1, the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal well is adjustedsThe adjustment is carried out, and the adjustment is carried out,
in the formula, q1Indicating the daily production of gas well wellhead adjustments.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cumulative water production Q in step 9 is greater than the total water production QWater assemblyThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, qDaily waterAnd the daily actual water yield of the shale gas well is shown, and t represents the exploitation time.
8. The method of initiating pressure gradient-based horizontal offset well production according to claim 1 wherein the critical water production in step 9 is determined from well exploration and well testing data of the target reservoir.
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| CN109387467B (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2021-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Rapid testing method for oil-water comprehensive starting pressure gradient |
| CN110939430B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2022-09-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for determining shale gas fracturing fluid flowback model |
| CN111364927B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2022-05-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Natural gas well blockage removing method and system |
| CN112392472B (en) | 2019-08-19 | 2022-08-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining integrated development mode of shale and adjacent oil layer |
| CN112031719A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Reservoir development mode optimization method based on starting pressure under flow coefficient |
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| CN104948163B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2017-09-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of shale gas well deliverability assay method |
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