CN106351612B - A kind of branch horizontal well recovery method based on fractal dimension - Google Patents
A kind of branch horizontal well recovery method based on fractal dimension Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
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Abstract
The branch horizontal well recovery method based on fractal dimension that the invention discloses a kind of, is specifically implemented according to the following steps：The theoretical value of the shale gas yield of branch horizontal well is calculated first, secondly it carries out the operation of branch horizontal well day actual production according to theoretical value and draws branch horizontal well day actual production and the curve graph of time, it is adjusted until curve graph trip point does not occur when trip point occurs in curve graph, when accumulative water yield and equal critical water yield, branch horizontal well is scrapped.A kind of branch horizontal well recovery method based on fractal dimension, it is adjusted after the generation of transition point, be conducive to shale gas and carry output water in horizontal wellbore in time, reduce the harm that air-water mixture returns shaft bottom, reduce aggregation of the output water in shaft bottom, it is efficient to reduce maintenance cost, save maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shale gas exploitation operation, and relates to a fractal dimension-based method for exploiting a branch horizontal well.
Background
In shale gas development, the branch well is drilled on the basis of the horizontal well, so that the length of a target layer can be increased, the oil drainage area can be increased, and the oil gas yield can be improved. At present, the branched horizontal well technology is an effective means for exploiting a shale gas reservoir. In shale gas well production, in order to obtain the maximum cumulative production, generally, one method is to control the pressure at the bottom of a horizontal well of a gas well to be constant, and the other method is to control the flow rate at the top of the gas well to be constant.
However, the existing shale gas branch horizontal well mining method generally has the following defects: the bottom hole pressure is kept unchanged, the yield of the gas well is gradually reduced along with the time, and the economic benefit of gas well exploitation is reduced; if the flow of the wellhead is kept unchanged and the time goes on, the formation pressure difference causes formation water to be produced at the bottom of the horizontal well, the formation water blocks an airflow channel of shale gas, and the development life of the gas well is shortened. Neither of these two methods of exploitation takes into account the number of branches of a shale gas well in the reservoir, i.e., the fractal dimension of the shale gas well. Therefore, a method for exploiting a branch horizontal well considering the fractal dimension of shale gas so as to improve the shale gas recovery efficiency is needed in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fractal dimension-based method for exploiting a branch horizontal well, which solves the problems that in the existing exploitation of a shale gas branch horizontal well, along with the extension of exploitation time, stratum water at the bottom of the horizontal well blocks an airflow channel of shale gas, and the development life of a gas well is shortened.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a fractal dimension-based method for exploiting a branch horizontal well is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1: determining core absolute permeability k of target reservoir0And viscosity of shale gas mug；
Step 2: establishing a gas-water two-phase seepage formula under the influence of fractal dimension:
wherein,
in the formula, krwRepresents the relative permeability of the aqueous phase; mu.swRepresents the viscosity of the aqueous phase;representing a pressure gradient of the reservoir; q. q.swRepresenting the theoretical daily water yield of the branch horizontal well; q. q.sgRepresenting the daily gas production of the branch horizontal well; k is a radical ofrgRepresenting the relative permeability of shale gas; p represents the pressure at any location in the reservoir; dnRepresenting a fractal dimension; l represents the horizontal well segment length of the branched horizontal well; l isnRepresenting the length of the branch segment; n represents the total number of branches;
and step 3: computation branchTheoretical value q of horizontal well shale gas yield0；
And 4, step 4: according to q in step 30Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q0Simultaneously recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well, and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 5: when the curve A of the step 4 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q1；
Step 6: according to q in step 51Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q1Simultaneously recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well, and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 7: when the curve A of the step 6 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q2；
And 8: repeating the step 6 and the step 7 until the curve graph A of the daily actual yield and the time of the branched horizontal well does not have a jump point, and at the moment, the daily actual yield of the branched horizontal well is not adjusted;
and step 9: summing daily water yield on a curve chart B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well to obtain the accumulated water yield QWater assemblyAnd when the accumulated water yield is equal to the critical water yield, the branch horizontal well is discarded.
The invention is also characterized in that:
calculating a theoretical value q of shale gas yield of the branch horizontal well in step 30The specific method comprises the following steps:
according to the stable seepage theory, integrating the formula (1) by using a quasi-function method to obtain a shale gas yield formula as follows:
in the formula I0Represents the horizontal length of the gas layer; zscRepresenting the gas compression factor in a standard state; t isscRepresents the temperature in the standard state; rhogscRepresents the gas density in the standard state; p is a radical ofscIndicating a standard state down force; t represents the formation temperature; z represents a gas compression factor; p is a radical ofeRepresenting the original formation pressure; p is a radical ofwnRepresenting the bottom pressure of the horizontal well branch, and R (t) representing the dynamic boundary under the influence of the horizontal well branch; r iswnRepresenting the lateral wellbore radius.
Adjusting daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal well in step 5sThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: determining the total branch number n and the interval l of the perforation positions of each adjacent branch well according to the drilling and perforation data of the branch horizontal well, and establishing an adjusting function based on the fractal dimension as follows:
wherein,
wherein β represents the shale formation pressure propagation coefficient, v represents the formation pressure drop propagation velocity, f (t) represents an adjustment function, t represents the production time, INT () represents a rounding function, p represents the formation pressure;
step 5.2: branching the daily actual yield q of the horizontal well according to the adjusting function of the step 5.1sThe adjustment is carried out, and the adjustment is carried out,
in the formula, q1Indicating the daily production of gas well wellhead adjustments.
Cumulative water yield Q in step 9Water assemblyThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, qDaily waterRepresenting the daily actual water yield of the shale gas well
The critical water production in step 9 is determined by exploratory well and well testing data of the target reservoir.
Absolute permeability k of core in step 10Measured by an automatic core permeability tester.
Viscosity mu of shale gas in step 1gObtained by curve fitting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. a fractal dimension-based multilateral horizontal well exploitation method is characterized in that according to the characteristics of multilateral horizontal well shale gas exploitation, a gas-water two-phase seepage formula considering the fractal dimension of shale gas is established, and the shale gas in a reservoir layer can be fully exploited, so that the recovery ratio of the shale gas is improved;
2. an adjustment function based on the fractal dimension is established, so that the yield of the gas well can be reasonably adjusted, blind adjustment is avoided, and damage to the gas layer is reduced;
3. a formula for adjusting the wellhead flow of the gas well in a grading manner according to an adjusting function based on the fractal dimension is established, and the stratum production pressure difference can be reduced by selecting the reasonable wellhead flow for adjusting shale gas in a grading manner, so that the stratum water channeling is slowed down, and the exploitation life of a branch horizontal well is prolonged;
4. when a jump point appears on a production curve chart according to a mining method based on fractal dimension, a proper adjusting time is selected, the pressure drop speed of a region where a pressure drop funnel reaches can be delayed, the desorption gas precipitation time and the desorption amount are prolonged, and therefore the accumulated yield is integrally increased; the adjustment is carried out after the jump point is generated, so that shale gas can carry produced water in a horizontal shaft in time, the harm of returning a gas-water mixture to the shaft bottom is reduced, and the accumulation of the produced water at the shaft bottom is reduced, thereby reducing the maintenance cost, having high efficiency and saving the maintenance cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of curve A;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of curve B.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a fractal dimension-based method for exploiting a branch horizontal well, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining core absolute permeability k of target reservoir0And viscosity of shale gas mugWherein the absolute permeability k of the core0Viscosity mu of shale gas measured by automatic core permeability testergObtained by a curve fitting method;
step 2: establishing a gas-water two-phase seepage formula under the influence of fractal dimension:
wherein,
in the formula, krwRepresents the relative permeability of the aqueous phase; mu.swRepresents the viscosity of the aqueous phase;representing a pressure gradient of the reservoir; q. q.swRepresenting the theoretical daily water yield of the branch horizontal well; q. q.sgRepresenting the daily gas production of the branch horizontal well; k is a radical ofrgRepresenting the relative permeability of shale gas; p represents the pressure at any location in the reservoir; dnRepresenting a fractal dimension; l represents the horizontal well segment length of the branched horizontal well; l isnRepresenting the length of the branch segment; n represents the total number of branches;
and step 3: calculating theoretical value q of shale gas yield of branch horizontal well0The specific method comprises the following steps:
according to the stable seepage theory, integrating the formula (1) by using a quasi-function method to obtain a shale gas yield formula as follows:
in the formula I0Represents the horizontal length of the gas layer; zscRepresenting the gas compression factor in a standard state; t isscRepresents the temperature in the standard state; rhogscRepresents the gas density in the standard state; p is a radical ofscIndicating a standard state down force; t represents the formation temperature; z represents a gas compression factor; p is a radical ofeRepresenting the original formation pressure; p is a radical ofwnRepresenting the bottom hole pressure of a horizontal well branch; r (t) represents the dynamic boundary under the influence of horizontal well branches; r iswnRepresenting a lateral wellbore radius;
and 4, step 4: according to q in step 30Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q0Recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 5: when the curve A of the step 4 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q1；
Adjusting daily actual yield q of branch horizontal wellsThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: determining the total branch number n and the interval l of the perforation positions of each adjacent branch well according to the drilling and perforation data of the branch horizontal well, and establishing an adjusting function based on the fractal dimension as follows:
wherein,
wherein β represents the shale formation pressure propagation coefficient, v represents the formation pressure drop propagation velocity, f (t) represents an adjustment function, t represents the production time, INT () represents a rounding function, p represents the formation pressure;
step 5.2: branching the daily actual yield q of the horizontal well according to the adjusting function of the step 5.1sThe adjustment is carried out, and the adjustment is carried out,
in the formula, q1Indicating the daily adjustment yield of the wellhead of the gas well;
step 6: according to q in step 51Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q1Recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 7: when the curve A of the step 6 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q2；
And 8: repeating the step 6 and the step 7 until the curve graph A of the daily actual yield and the time of the branched horizontal well does not have a jump point, and at the moment, the daily actual yield of the branched horizontal well is not adjusted;
and step 9: summing daily water yield on a curve chart B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well to obtain the accumulated water yield QWater assemblySaid cumulative water production QWater assemblyThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, qDaily waterRepresenting the daily actual water yield of the shale gas well
And when the accumulated water yield is equal to the critical water yield, the branch horizontal well is discarded.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Because the total gas production of the shale gas well comprises two parts of the production caused by gas layer pressure reduction and the production caused by shale gas desorption gas, the purposes of delaying formation water production and prolonging the service life of the gas well so as to increase the desorption gas production can be achieved by adjusting the wellhead production of the shale gas, and finally the purpose of increasing the total production of the shale gas well is achieved.
A fractal dimension-based multilateral horizontal well exploitation method is characterized in that according to the characteristics of multilateral horizontal well shale gas exploitation, a gas-water two-phase seepage formula considering the fractal dimension of shale gas is established, and the shale gas in a reservoir layer can be fully exploited, so that the recovery ratio of the shale gas is improved; an adjustment function based on the fractal dimension is established, so that the yield of the gas well can be reasonably adjusted, blind adjustment is avoided, and damage to the gas layer is reduced; a formula for adjusting the wellhead flow of the gas well in a grading manner according to an adjusting function based on the fractal dimension is established, and the stratum production pressure difference can be reduced by selecting the reasonable wellhead flow for adjusting shale gas in a grading manner, so that the stratum water channeling is slowed down, and the exploitation life of a branch horizontal well is prolonged; when a jump point appears on a production curve chart according to a mining method based on fractal dimension, a proper adjusting time is selected, the pressure drop speed of a region where a pressure drop funnel reaches can be delayed, the desorption gas precipitation time and the desorption amount are prolonged, and therefore the accumulated yield is integrally increased; the adjustment is carried out after the jump point is generated, so that shale gas can carry produced water in a horizontal shaft in time, the harm of returning a gas-water mixture to the shaft bottom is reduced, and the accumulation of the produced water at the shaft bottom is reduced, thereby reducing the maintenance cost, having high efficiency and saving the maintenance cost.
Claims (7)
1. A method for exploiting a branch horizontal well based on a fractal dimension is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining core absolute permeability k of target reservoir0And viscosity of shale gas mug；
Step 2: establishing a gas-water two-phase seepage formula under the influence of fractal dimension:
wherein,
in the formula, krwRepresents the relative permeability of the aqueous phase; mu.swRepresents the viscosity of the aqueous phase;representing a pressure gradient of the reservoir; q. q.swRepresenting the theoretical daily water yield of the branch horizontal well; q. q.sgRepresenting the daily gas production of the branch horizontal well; k is a radical ofrgRepresenting the relative permeability of shale gas; p represents the pressure at any location in the reservoir; dnRepresenting a fractal dimension; l represents the horizontal well segment length of the branched horizontal well; l isnRepresenting the length of the branch segment; n represents the total number of branches;
and step 3: calculating theoretical value q of shale gas yield of branch horizontal well0；
And 4, step 4: according to q in step 30Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q0Simultaneously recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well, and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 5: when the curve A of the step 4 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q1；
Step 6: according to q in step 51Actual daily yield q of branch horizontal wellsIs put into production, i.e. qs＝q1Simultaneously recording production time, drawing a curve graph A of daily actual yield and time of the branched horizontal well, and drawing a curve graph B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well;
and 7: when the curve A of the step 6 has a jump point, adjusting the daily actual yield q of the branched horizontal wellsIs denoted by q2；
And 8: repeating the step 6 and the step 7 until the curve graph A of the daily actual yield and the time of the branched horizontal well does not have a jump point, and at the moment, the daily actual yield of the branched horizontal well is not adjusted;
and step 9: summing daily water yield on a curve chart B of daily actual water yield and time of the branched horizontal well to obtain the accumulated water yield QWater assemblyAnd when the accumulated water yield is equal to the critical water yield, the branch horizontal well is discarded.
2. The method for exploiting the horizontal multilateral well based on the fractal dimension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absolute permeability k of the core in the step 1 is0Measured by an automatic core permeability tester.
3. The method for exploiting the horizontal multilateral well based on the fractal dimension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the viscosity mu of the shale gas in the step 1gObtained by curve fitting.
4. The method for exploiting the horizontal multilateral well based on the fractal dimension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the theoretical value q of shale gas yield of the horizontal multilateral well is calculated in the step 30The specific method comprises the following steps:
according to the stable seepage theory, integrating the formula (1) by using a quasi-function method to obtain a shale gas yield formula as follows:
in the formula I0Represents the horizontal length of the gas layer; zscRepresenting the gas compression factor in a standard state; t isscRepresents the temperature in the standard state; rhogscRepresents the gas density in the standard state; p is a radical ofscIndicating a standard state down force; t represents the formation temperature; z represents a gas compression factor; p is a radical ofeRepresenting the original formation pressure; p is a radical ofwnRepresenting the bottom hole pressure of a horizontal well branch; r (t) represents the dynamic boundary under the influence of horizontal well branches; r iswnRepresenting the lateral wellbore radius.
5. The method for exploiting the horizontal multilateral well based on the fractal dimension as claimed in claim 4, wherein the daily actual yield q of the horizontal multilateral well is adjusted in the step 5sThe specific method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: determining the total branch number n and the interval l of the perforation positions of each adjacent branch well according to the drilling and perforation data of the branch horizontal well, and establishing an adjusting function based on the fractal dimension as follows:
wherein,wherein β represents the shale formation pressure propagation coefficient, v represents the formation pressure drop propagation velocity, f (t) represents an adjusting function, t represents the exploitation time, INT () represents a rounding function, and 5.2, the daily actual production q of the branch horizontal well is adjusted according to the adjusting function of the step 5.1sThe adjustment is carried out, and the adjustment is carried out,
in the formula, q1Indicating the daily production of gas well wellhead adjustments.
6. The method for exploiting the horizontal multilateral well based on the fractal dimension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cumulative water yield Q in the step 9Water assemblyThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula, qDaily waterRepresenting the daily actual water yield of the shale gas well; t represents the production time.
7. A fractal dimension based horizontal offset well mining method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the critical water production in step 9 is determined by exploratory well and well test data of the target reservoir.
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