CN1064304A - Electrorheological fluid - Google Patents
Electrorheological fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN1064304A CN1064304A CN 92101965 CN92101965A CN1064304A CN 1064304 A CN1064304 A CN 1064304A CN 92101965 CN92101965 CN 92101965 CN 92101965 A CN92101965 A CN 92101965A CN 1064304 A CN1064304 A CN 1064304A
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- electrorheological fluid
- fluid
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Abstract
A kind of electrorheological fluid that is used for active damping, lubricated, sealing, moment transmission and hydrostatic control etc., it comprises a kind of liquid of electrical isolation as external phase, a kind of poroid aluminosilicate solid particulate is as disperse phase.Can include transition-metal cation in this disperse phase, particularly IB family metal.In fluid composition, have at least a kind of material to be selected from polyvalent alcohol or water or their mixture; At least also have a kind of material to be selected from acid, alkali, salt or amino acid or their mixture.The present invention also comprises the technological process for preparing these materials, and fluid can be in bigger temperature range (0～6800i/s) is stable over a long time under (20 ℃～150 ℃) and the higher shear rate situation.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of electrorheological fluid that is used for active damping, lubricated, sealing, moment transmission, hydrostatic control etc., belong to the essential electronic element technical field.
Existing electrorheological fluid, as United States Patent (USP) 4,772, report in 407, yield shear stress is lower under same electric field intensity, and maximum yield shear stress also has only 2.4KPa, and when temperature raises, unstable properties.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the needs at present application, develop a kind of electrorheological fluid, its macroscopic viscosity (or yield shear stress) has huge variation under electric field action, ratio electrorheological fluid in the past improves a lot, rheological characteristics long-term stability in very big temperature range and shearing rate scope, electric rheological effect has complete repeatability, and cost is low, nontoxic, non-environmental-pollution.
Content of the present invention be electrorheological fluid comprise electrical isolation liquid as external phase, a kind of poroid solid particulate is as disperse phase.Have at least a kind of composition to be selected from polyvalent alcohol or water or their mixture in the fluid composition; Have at least a kind of composition to be selected from acid, alkali, salt or amino acid or their mixture.These external phases have very wide scope, and any liquid with electrical insulation characteristics can use, and for example: mineral oil and ucon oil all can use, particularly methyl-silicone oil, transformer oil, cable oil, dibasic acid esters or machinery oil.Their viscosity in the time of 50 ℃ from 5 centistokes to 300 centistokes.
Disperse phase in the electrorheological fluid is poroid solid particulate, and they can be silica gel, diatomite, dextran, Mierocrystalline cellulose, alginic acid, particularly aluminosilicate.These aluminosilicates are selected from zeolite molecular sieve, and 3A particularly, 4A, 5A, 13X, ZSM-5, NaY, permutite or natural zeolite, the diameter of these poroid solid particulates are 10 nanometers to 200 micron, particularly 10 to 30 microns.They account for 0.1% to 50% of whole fluid weight.If weight percent is less than 0.1%, electric rheological effect will be very low; If weight percent is greater than 50%, its dispersiveness is usually very poor.
Have a kind of composition to be selected from acid, alkali, salt or amino acid or their mixture in the electrorheological fluid composition, wherein acid is selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, perchloric acid, chromic acid, formic acid, propynoic acid, butyric acid, isopropylformic acid, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches acid and propanedioic acid.Alkali wherein is selected from NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)
2, Na
2CO
3, NaHCO
3, K
3PO
4, Na
3PO
4, aniline, alkylamine or 2-dihydroxyl ethamine.Salt wherein is made up of metal and alkali and acid, and they usually are dissolved in polyvalent alcohol or water or its mixture and use.For example, these salt can be selected from LiCl, NaCl, MgCl
2, CaCl
2, BaCl
2, LiBr, NaBr, MgBr, LiI, NaI, KI, AgNO
3, Ca(OH
3)
2, NaNO
2, NH
4NO
3, K
2SO
4, Na
2SO
4, NaHSO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4And an alkali metal salt of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid and succsinic acid.Amino acid wherein can be any.
These acid, alkali, salt or amino acid or their mixture account for 0.01% to 5% of whole fluid weight, and particularly 0.1% to 2%.If content is lower than 0.01%, then electric rheological effect should descend; If content is higher than 5%, the electric current that then flows through electrorheological fluid will increase, thereby increase the consumption of energy.
There is a kind of composition to be selected from polyvalent alcohol or water or their mixture in the electrorheological fluid composition.Its high temperature under anhydrous situation (150 ℃) electric rheological effect is better.In the present invention, polyvalent alcohol usually adopts dibasic alcohol or trivalent alcohol, and for example they can be selected from ethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, butyleneglycol, hexylene glycol, glycol ether and triglycol.The content of this composition is 1% to 30% of disperse phase weight, particularly 2% to 15%.If content is lower than 1%, then electric rheological effect descends; If content is higher than 30%, then electric current increases.
Electrorheological fluid can also include dispersion agent, in order to stop the multi-phase fluid phase-splitting, makes to mix the electric rheological effect good reproducibility.This dispersion agent is a non-ionic dispersing agent, they are optional from vitriol, stone butyrates, phosphoric acid salt, succinic diamide or succinimide, especially, these dispersion agents are selected from sal epsom, calcium sulfate, PHENOL 99.8 MIN ((CARBOLIC ACID)) calcium, calcium phosphate, the polybutene succinic diamide, the per-cent that single oleic acid sorbyl alcohol or sesqui oleic acid sorbyl alcohol, dispersion agent account for whole fluid weight is 0.1% to 10%.Certainly, if the polyphasic flow physical efficiency is mixed well, then dispersion agent is not necessary.
Electrorheological fluid, the also optional silicate that carries transition-metal cation of its disperse phase, these metallic cations are selected from IB family metal especially.For example: lanthanum III, magnesium II, cobalt II, nickel II, copper II or their mixture.Particularly lanthanum III, cobalt II or copper II or their mixture benefit to the yield shear stress that improves electrorheological fluid, and steady in a long-term in bigger temperature and shearing rate scope.
In aforesaid various zeolite molecular sieves, metal ion can exchange, so adopt the method for ion-exchange just can be replaced as transition-metal cation to metal ion wherein, particularly the La(III), the Co(II) or the Cu(II) or they have both at the same time.
The per-cent that metallic cation among the present invention in the electrorheological fluid disperse phase accounts for disperse phase weight is 1% to 50%, particularly 5% to 30%.
Carrying out metal ion when displacement, can using gas or liquid or their mixture or solution, they can be ionics, also can be non-ionic types.
Generally these substitutes can be monomers, also can be their nonionic salts solutions.For example, containing the salt that above-mentioned metallic cation is arranged can replace with the form of vitriol, hydrochloride, phosphoric acid salt or nitrate solution.
With example and accompanying drawing the present invention is illustrated below.
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of RV20 type rheometer (Haake, Germany), tests yield shear stress and the electrorheological property under different shearings rate and differing temps that applies DC electric field front and back electrorheological fluid of the present invention with it.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: the fundamental diagram of rheometer
The various test results of Fig. 2～Figure 15: embodiment 1～8
The operation principle of flow graph is as follows: as shown in Figure 1, automatic temperature control instrument 21 is the temperature of control temperature adjustment fuel tank 20 automatically, thereby automatically controls the temperature of tested ERF 17; Clearance adjuster 22 is used for adjusting rotary measuring head 10 and the fixing gap between the gauge head 18; In the annular groove on rotary measuring head 10 tops conduction liquid 11 is housed, by electrode 12 direct-flow positive pole of high voltage source 1 is introduced rotary measuring head 10, lead-in wire 2 is introduced fixedly gauge head 18 with the direct current negative pole of high voltage source 1, thereby forms given electric-field intensity between two gauge heads 10,18. Insulating sleeve 9 and insulating barrier 19 are in order to voltage signal and the isolation of two parts up and down. During measurement, come the rotating speed of automatic control motor 6 by computer 13 by RV20 measuring instrument 14 and controller 15, torque sensor 7 is sent data into computer 13 by controller 15 and is processed then, at last by printer 16 outputs. Other element is as follows: the anchor clamps of 3-electrode 12; The 4-insulating interlayer; The 5-support; The 8-motor shaft; The 23-base. The shear stress measure error of this flow graph is 0.1Pa, measures to be less than 5 milliliters with sample size.
Below prepare a series of electrorheological fluid by the present invention.
Example 1
NaY type zeolite molecular sieve, water suspension method removes impurity, particle diameter 2nm to 20 μ m, evaporated in vacuo (0.1MPa, 100 ℃) 96 hours.The weight of the following stated NaY molecular sieve is the weight behind the evaporate to dryness.
Get 8 gram Repone K, be dissolved in 20 ml deionized water, dissolve in 10 gram glycerol, fully mixings again.160 gram NaY molecular sieves and above mixture are fully stirred evaporated in vacuo (0.1MPa, 100 ℃) 72 hours.
Above mixture is got the 50# dimethyl silicone oil as external phase as disperse phase, and (disperse phase/external phase) 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% is mixed by weight percentage.RV20 rheometer (Fig. 1) test current becomes characteristic (20 ℃, 100 ℃).Fig. 2 has provided measuring result.Ordinate zou be static yield shear stress (kPa, KPa), X-coordinate is an applying direct current intensity of field (megavolt rice
-1, MV/m).
Example 2
Other condition is constant, changes Repone K into potassiumiodide.
Fig. 3 has provided measuring result.
Example 3
Other condition is constant, changes Repone K into season the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches tetrol, and the result as shown in Figure 4.
Example 4
Other condition is constant, changes Repone K into the L-Sodium Glutamate, and the result as shown in Figure 5.
Example 5
Other condition is constant, changes Repone K into glycine, and the result is shown in institute 6.
Example 6
Get 100 gram NaY molecular sieves, add in 1000 milliliters of (0.5M) lanthanum nitrate hexahydrates, fully stirred 48 hours, spend ionized water cleaning last year then for several times, vacuum was drained (0.1MPa, 100 ℃) 72 hours, the following 200 ℃ of heating of normal pressure 2 hours.
Get 2 gram glycerol and be dissolved in 15 ml waters, add above mixture, vacuum was drained (0.1MPa, 100 ℃) 96 hours, sieved, and made particle diameter less than 30 microns, and products therefrom is as disperse phase.
The 50# machinery oil adds the polybutylene succinimide of 5% weight, with it as external phase.
(disperse phase/external phase) 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% is mixed RV20 rheometer test electrorheological property (20 ℃, 100 ℃) by weight percentage.The result as shown in Figure 7.
Example 7
Other condition is all same with example 6, changes the 0.5M lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate into the 2M cobalt chloride solution.Fig. 8 provides test result.
Example 8
Change 0.5M lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate in the example 6 into the 2M copper-bath, and at last under normal pressure 115 ℃ the heating 24 hours.Fig. 9 provides test result.
In order to save space, other correlated results is that example provides the result with example 4 and example 6 only.
Figure 10 has provided example 4 and example 6 at 100 ℃, the yield shear stress result during weight percent 30%.
Figure 11 and Figure 12 have provided the relation of corresponding strength of current and strength of electric field in example 4 and the example 6.Ordinate zou is a strength of current (milliampere rice
-2, mA/m
2), X-coordinate is strength of electric field (MV/m).
Figure 13 has provided example 4 and the electric rheological effect (electric field strength E=1MV/m, weight percent 40%) of example 6 under different shearing rate situations with Figure 14.Ordinate zou shearing stress (Pa), X-coordinate are tangential strain (1/S).
Figure 15 has provided in the example 6, and weight percent is 30%, fluidic rheological characteristics during no extra electric field.
More than the reproducibility error of all measurements less than 1.5%.Most of fluid was all done 240 hours later revision tests, and error is 4% to the maximum.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of electrorheological fluid is characterized in that electrorheological fluid is grouped into by four kinds of one-tenth, a kind of be the liquid of electrical isolation as external phase, account for fluid heavy 50%～99.9%; A kind of be poroid solid particulate as disperse phase, account for 0.1%～50% of fluid weight; A kind of is in polyvalent alcohol, water and their mixture any one, account for disperse phase heavy 1～30%; A kind of is in acid, alkali, salt, amino acid and their mixture any one, accounts for 0.01～5% of fluid weight.
2, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that wherein said electrical isolation liquid is any one in methyl-silicone oil, transformer oil, cable oil, dibasic acid esters and the machinery oil, described any one electrical isolation liquid, the viscosity in the time of 50 ℃ is 5～300 centistokes.
3, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said poroid solid particulate is a zeolite molecular sieve.
4, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that wherein said zeolite molecular sieve is 3A, 4A, and 5A, 13X, ZSM-5, NaY, any one in permutite and the natural zeolite, particle size is 20 nanometers～200 micron.
5, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said poroid solid particulate is to have the zeolite molecular sieve that IB belongs to metallic cation.
6, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that it is the La(III that wherein said IB belongs to metal), the Mg(II), the Co(II), the Ni(II), the Cu(II) and their mixture in any one.
7, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said acid is any one in sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, perchloric acid, chromic acid, formic acid, the third fast acid, butyric acid, isopropylformic acid, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches acid, oxalic acid and the propanedioic acid.
8, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said alkali is NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)
2, Na
2CO
3, Na
2CO
3, NaHCO
3, K
3PO
4, Na
3PO
4, aniline, any one in alkylamine and second-dihydroxyl ethamine.
9, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said salt is LiCl, NaCl, MgCl
2, CaCl
2, BaCl
2, LiBr, NaBr, MgBr, LiI, NaI, KI, AgNO
3, Ca(NO
3)
2, NaNO
2, NH
4NO
3, K
2SO
4, Na
2SO
4, NaHSO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4And in an alkali metal salt of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, succsinic acid any one.
10, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said polyvalent alcohol is any one in ethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, butyleneglycol, hexylene glycol, glycol ether and the triglycol.
11, a kind of electrorheological fluid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described electrorheological fluid also includes dispersion agent, described dispersion agent is any one in sal epsom, calcium sulfate, PHENOL 99.8 MIN ((CARBOLIC ACID)) calcium, calcium phosphate, polybutene succinic diamide, single oleic acid sorbyl alcohol and the sesqui oleic acid sorbyl alcohol, and the per-cent that described dispersion agent accounts for fluid weight is 0.1～10%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92101965 CN1024099C (en) | 1992-03-26 | 1992-03-26 | Electric rheological fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92101965 CN1024099C (en) | 1992-03-26 | 1992-03-26 | Electric rheological fluid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1064304A true CN1064304A (en) | 1992-09-09 |
| CN1024099C CN1024099C (en) | 1994-03-30 |
Family
ID=4939400
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92101965 Expired - Fee Related CN1024099C (en) | 1992-03-26 | 1992-03-26 | Electric rheological fluid |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1024099C (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1037911C (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1998-04-01 | 清华大学 | Mica series electric rheologic liquid |
| CN1051107C (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 2000-04-05 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Method for preparing superfine borate additive for lubricating oil |
| WO2015149682A1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-08 | The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | All-liquid electrorheological effect |
| CN109705960A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-03 | 清华大学 | Lubricant and preparation method thereof, and the method for reducing fluid viscosity |
| CN110878225A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-13 | 宁波麦维科技有限公司 | Continuous phase liquid for giant electrorheological fluid and giant electrorheological fluid |
-
1992
- 1992-03-26 CN CN 92101965 patent/CN1024099C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1037911C (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1998-04-01 | 清华大学 | Mica series electric rheologic liquid |
| CN1051107C (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 2000-04-05 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Method for preparing superfine borate additive for lubricating oil |
| WO2015149682A1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-08 | The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | All-liquid electrorheological effect |
| CN110878225A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-13 | 宁波麦维科技有限公司 | Continuous phase liquid for giant electrorheological fluid and giant electrorheological fluid |
| CN110878225B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2022-04-26 | 宁波麦维科技有限公司 | Continuous phase liquid for giant electrorheological fluid and giant electrorheological fluid |
| CN109705960A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-03 | 清华大学 | Lubricant and preparation method thereof, and the method for reducing fluid viscosity |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1024099C (en) | 1994-03-30 |
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