CN106423167A - 一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106423167A CN106423167A CN201610812004.9A CN201610812004A CN106423167A CN 106423167 A CN106423167 A CN 106423167A CN 201610812004 A CN201610812004 A CN 201610812004A CN 106423167 A CN106423167 A CN 106423167A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- silkworm excrement
- transition metal
- catalyst
- metal base
- hcs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 transition metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/8687—Organic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/34—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/86—Chromium
- B01J23/864—Cobalt and chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/617—500-1000 m2/g
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂及其制备方法,制备方法步骤如下:(1)先将蚕沙置于高温管式炉中,通保护气体吹扫后,加热到500~1000℃进行高温碳化反应得到碳化蚕沙CS;(2)将CS置于10‑30%(体积比)H2浓度的N2气氛下在200‑500℃焙烧得到低含氧的碳化蚕沙HCS;(3)将HCS浸渍于两种过渡金属的盐溶液的中,烘干后通过等离子体辐射的方式将过渡金属负载到碳化蚕沙上;(4)将该材料在150‑500℃下焙烧,最后得到一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂。本发明的双过渡金属基催化材料,成本低廉,且可减弱水蒸气对VOCs催化性能的影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于挥发性有机物治理技术领域,涉及挥发性有机化合物氧化催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
20世纪人类工业文明取得了空前的成就,然而人类赖以生存的地球环境也正在遭受着前所未有的破坏。环境问题正严重地威胁着人类的生存和发展而成为已经全球关注的十大问题之首。人类社会的发展与进步在满足人类生存的基本需求之后,开始更加关注大气环境的污染问题,尤其是我们赖以生存的室内环境污染也已成为21世纪人们最关心的问题之一。
目前,在各种导致环境污染和被破坏的因素中,挥发性有机物(VOCs)已成为大气污染(室内外)的一个重要源头。其中,醛类VOCs(以甲醛为主)作为工业上常用的一类化学助剂,广泛存在于各种工业生产过程和渗透到日常生活环境之中。醛类的毒害作用很大,即使低浓度下(<0.1mg/m3)长期接触也会损害人体神经中枢和免疫***,现已被国际癌症研究结构IARC列为第一致癌物,给人类健康带来极大的威胁。另外,醛类VOCs还具有较高光化学反应活性,易与臭氧和NOx发生光化学反应,形成以细颗粒为主的二次污染,从而成为一类重要前体物在复合型大气污染形成过程中起着关键作用。因此,醛类VOCs已成为一类特别值得关注并需要优先控制的VOCs对象之一,治理醛类VOCs污染已迫在眉睫。
催化燃烧法是一种有效治理挥发性有机化合物污染的技术之一。但当有机废气中浓度很低时,仅依靠反应热将很难维持反应过程中所需要的温度,那么就需要另外补充一部分热能。在这种情况下应用吸附催化燃烧综合技术是一种比较合适的选择。吸附催化燃烧综合技术是将吸附和催化燃烧这两种工艺组合起来,从而可以形成新的净化***。该技术适合于处理低浓度、大风量的废气。
目前面临急迫解决的一个突出问题是,在实际工况中由于水蒸气的存在会导致催化剂活性的急剧下降而影响的降解效率,因此,研究和幵发高活性同时又具备高憎水性的非贵金属催化剂,这对于治理我国南方潮湿环境下的污染具有非常重要的意义。
研究高效的催化燃烧治理污染的技术,尤其是能在较高湿度工况条件下,高效地催化氧化技术显得非常重要和迫切。而在催化燃烧技术中,高效的催化剂是核心,因此研究水蒸气对催化剂活性的影响和机理有着重要的科学意义和实际应用价值。Persson等釆用浸渍法制备了催化剂,研究了水蒸气对其催化燃烧甲焼活性的影响。研究结果发现:在温度为时,当反应体系中水蒸气浓度增至时,催化剂催化燃烧甲烧的转化率从下降到左右,转化率下降了。Kikuchi等釆用浸渍法制备的催化剂,用于对甲院进行催化氧化反应,研究发现水蒸气的存在对这三种催化剂的催化活性都有明显的负面影响,其中催化剂受到水蒸气的影响最大,甲烧在催化剂上的转化率急剧下降。
发明内容
一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,其特征在于:所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的催化剂载体碳化蚕沙的含氧量<8.0wt%,过渡金属的含量总和在5-15wt%;所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,具有的BET比表面积为400-650m2/g;在低浓度(<800ppm)的VOCs和相对湿度大于50%时,对VOCs降解率达到90%时的温度T90<300℃。
本发明的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤,
(1)碳化蚕沙的制备:将蚕沙置于高温管式炉中,通保护气体吹扫后,按照2~8℃/min的升温速率将其加热到500~1000℃进行高温碳化反应得到碳化蚕沙,记为CS。
(2)碳化蚕沙的H2脱氧处理:将CS置于10-30%(体积比)H2的N2气氛下在200-500℃焙烧1-5h得到低含氧的碳化蚕沙HCS;
(3)将HCS浸渍于两种过渡金属的盐溶液的中,烘干后通过等离子体辐射的方式将过渡金属负载到碳化蚕沙上,制得MxM1-x-HCS1;
(4)催化剂的焙烧:MxM1-x-HCS1在150-500℃下焙烧,最后得到双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,记为:MxM1-x-HCS。
作为方案的进一步优选,所述步骤(1)中高温碳化反应时间为1~8h。
作为方案的进一步优选,所述步骤(3)中所述的两种过渡金属均在元素周期表的第四行,Cr、Mn、Fe、Co和Cu中的任意两种;所述的盐溶液为金属的可溶醋酸盐或硝酸盐。步骤(3)中所述的两种过渡金属盐之间的质量比为1:(1-4)。
作为方案的进一步优选,所述步骤(3)中所述等离子体反应器输出电压3-9kV,辐射时间5-20min。
作为方案的进一步优选,所述步骤(4)焙烧时间在1-5h。
所述的挥发性有机物VOCs,按照世界卫生组织的定义沸点在50℃-250℃的化合物,室温下饱和蒸汽压超过133.32Pa,在常温下以蒸汽形式存在于空气中的一类有机物。按其化学结构的不同,可以进一步分为八类:烷类、芳烃类、烯类、卤烃类、酯类、醛类、酮类和其他。一般的挥发性有机物VOCs的主要成分有:烃类、卤代烃、氧烃和氮烃,它包括:苯系物、有机氯化物、氟里昂系列、有机酮、胺、醇、醚、酯、酸和石油烃化合物等。
本发明的基本原理及构思为:步骤(1)通过高温煅烧反应得到大比表面的多孔炭载体;步骤(2)通过H2焙烧将碳化蚕沙表面的含氧基团中的氧脱出,提高载体表面的极性,弱化载体对水的强吸附力;步骤(3)通过等离子体辐射,将过渡金属元素负载到碳化蚕沙材料上;步骤(4)通过高温煅烧形成高活性催化活性点位,进而获得对低浓度和高湿度环境下VOCs气体具有高催化活性的催化剂。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明所得到的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,所使用的载体经过H2焙烧后,表面含氧量比一般商用活性炭的含氧量低,可以显著提高载体表面的憎水性,提升催化剂整体的憎水性,削弱高湿度环境下,由于水分子竞争而导致的催化性能的大幅度下降。
2.本发明所得到催化剂通过等离子体辐射后,所负载的过渡金属离子可以与载体形成较强的结合力,减弱催化剂使用过程中负载金属的脱落现象。
3.本发明所得到催化剂通过低温等离子体辐射的方式进行活性组分的负载,使催化活性组分在极短的时间内生成,因此晶粒较小,催化活性增强。
4.本发明所使用的载体是碳化蚕沙,属于废物利用,来源广泛且成本低廉,直接碳化法完成,过程简单且环保;同时,所使用的过渡金属源成本也较低廉,制备工艺简单,适合大规模工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的SEM。
图2是双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂在不同湿度下的催化降解曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的描述,但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围。
实施例1
一种双过渡金属碳化基蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤,
(1)碳化基蚕沙的制备
在N2气氛中将10.0g原蚕沙以5℃/min的升温速率升到500℃,并在500℃下保持3h以上后降温到室温,得到碳化蚕沙,记为CS。
(2)碳化基蚕沙的H2脱氧处理
将0.5g CS置于10%(体积比)H2浓度的N2气氛下在200℃焙烧1.0h得到低含氧的碳化基蚕沙HCS;
(3)将0.3g硝酸铜和0.3g醋酸铁溶解到30ml去离子水中,然后将0.5g HCS浸渍于它们的盐溶液的中,烘干后放入等离子体反应器中,通入N2作为改性气体,等离子体反应器输出电压3kV,辐射时间20min,得到Cu0.5Fe0.5-HCS1;
(4)催化剂的焙烧:Cu0.5Fe0.5-HCS1在150℃下焙烧5h,最后得到一种双过渡金属基碳化基蚕沙催化剂,记为:Cu0.5Fe0.5-HCS。
实施例2
一种双过渡金属基碳化基蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤,
(1)碳化基蚕沙的制备
在N2气氛中将10.0g原蚕沙以2℃/min的升温速率升到600℃,并在600℃下保持8h后降温到室温,到碳化蚕沙,记为CS。
(2)碳化基蚕沙的H2脱氧处理
将0.5g CS置于15%(体积比)H2浓度的N2气氛下在300℃焙烧2.0h得到低含氧的碳化基蚕沙HCS;
(3)将0.15g硝酸钴和0.3g醋酸铁溶解到30ml去离子水中,然后将0.2g HCS浸渍于它们的盐溶液的中,烘干后放入等离子体反应器中,通入N2作为改性气体,等离子体反应器输出电压6kV,辐射时间15min,得到Co0.33Fe0.67-HCS1;
(4)催化剂的焙烧:Co0.33Fe0.67-HCS1在250℃下焙烧4h,最后得到一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,记为:Co0.67Fe0.33-HCS。
实施例3
一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤,
(1)碳化蚕沙的制备
在N2气氛中将10.0g原蚕沙以8℃/min的升温速率升到1000℃,并在1000℃下保持1h以上后降温到室温,得到碳化蚕沙,记为CS。
(2)碳化蚕沙的H2脱氧处理
将0.5g CS置于20%(体积比)H2浓度的N2气氛下在400℃焙烧3.0h得到低含氧的碳化蚕沙HCS;
(3)将0.15g硝酸钴和0.6g硝酸铬溶解到30ml去离子水中,然后将0.3g HCS浸渍于它们的盐溶液的中,烘干后放入等离子体反应器中,通入N2作为改性气体,等离子体反应器输出电压7kV,辐射时间10min,得到Co0.25Cr0.75-HCS1;
(4)催化剂的焙烧:Co0.25Cr0.75-HCS1在350℃下焙烧3h,最后得到一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,记为:Co0.25Cr0.75-HCS。
实施例4
一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤,
(1)碳化蚕沙的制备
在N2气氛中将10.0g原蚕沙以4℃/min的升温速率升到700℃,并在700℃下保持4h以上后降温到室温,得到碳化蚕沙,记为CS。
(2)碳化蚕沙的H2脱氧处理
将0.5g CS置于25%(体积比)H2浓度的N2气氛下在500℃焙烧4.0h得到低含氧的碳化蚕沙HCS;
(3)将0.15g硝酸铬和0.3g醋酸锰溶解到30ml去离子水中,然后将0.5g HCS浸渍于它们的盐溶液的中,烘干后放入等离子体反应器中,通入N2作为改性气体,等离子体反应器输出电压8kV,辐射时间8min,得到Cr0.33Mn0.67-HCS1;
(4)催化剂的焙烧:Cr0.33Mn0.67-HCS1在450℃下焙烧2h,最后得到一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,记为:Cr0.33Mn0.67-HCS。
实施例5
一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤,
(1)碳化蚕沙的制备
在N2气氛中将10.0g原蚕沙以6℃/min的升温速率升到900℃,并在900℃下保持2h以上后降温到室温,得到碳化蚕沙,记为CS。
(2)碳化蚕沙的H2脱氧处理
将0.5g CS置于30%(体积比)H2浓度的N2气氛下在350℃焙烧5.0h得到低含氧的碳化蚕沙HCS;
(3)将0.3g醋酸锰和0.3g硝酸钴溶解到30ml去离子水中,然后将0.7g HCS浸渍于它们的盐溶液的中,烘干后放入等离子体反应器中,通入N2作为改性气体,等离子体反应器输出电压9kV,辐射时间5min,得到Mn0.5Co0.5-HCS1;
(4)催化剂的焙烧:Mn0.5Co0.5-HCS1在500℃下焙烧1h,最后得到一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,记为:Mn0.5Co0.5-HCS。
材料性能测试:
(一)双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙炭催化剂的表面形貌
将本发明制备的实施例1进行电镜扫描,得到图1的SEM图。
从图1中可以看出,蚕沙原有的褶皱表面逐渐消失,出现了非常丰富的通道结构,通道内部覆盖有细小的晶体颗粒,呈现出多种孔径孔道网状分布格局。催化剂晶体的颗粒直径非常规整,约分布在100-200nm之间。
(二)双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的孔结构参数和元素分布
采用美国Micro公司生产的ASAP-2020比表面孔径分布仪对实施例的五个样品的孔隙结构进行表征,结果如表1所示。所制备的五种材料,它们的Langmuir比表面积大约在400-650m2/g,其中微孔(孔径小于2nm)所占到的比表面积大约在189-254m2/g。它们的总孔容在0.11-0.26cm3/g范围内。与未负载双金属的CS材料相比,比表面和孔容均有一定程度的下降,这说明双金属氧化物占据了一定的比表面积,使得微孔和中孔的孔数量有所减少。
表1.五种实施例所得双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的比表面积和孔容
表2示出了五种实施例样品的金属以及O元素质量含量。从图中可以看出,材料中的含氧量低于8%,含金属总量在5-15%之间,且摩尔比与所加入金属盐的比例很接近。
表2为实施例1-5的金属和氧元素含量
图2示出了在293K和干燥及相对湿度<10%和80%条件下(甲苯浓度为200ppm),甲苯在实施例3所得材料上的催化降解曲线。从图中可以看出,湿度对实施例3对甲苯的降解效果影响较小,其甲苯的降解率超过90%时的温度T90为287℃,比相对湿度80%时的T90高10-13℃。这表明所制得的材料在高湿度下具有很好的催化效果。
表3示出了发明实施例五种样品对低浓度VOCs降解的效果,从表3可以看出,在较低的VOCs浓度下,所制得的材料T90的温度均较低,而且对VOCs的催化降解率受湿度的影响较小,表现出较好的憎水性。
表3本发明实施例五种样品对低浓度VOCs降解的效果
Claims (9)
1.一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,其特征在于:所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的催化剂载体碳化蚕沙的含氧量<8.0wt%,过渡金属的含量总和在5-15wt%;所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,具有的BET比表面积为400-650m2/g。
2.如权利要求1所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤,
(1)碳化蚕沙CS的制备:将蚕沙置于高温管式炉中,通保护气体吹扫后,加热到500~1000℃进行高温碳化反应得到碳化蚕沙,记为CS;
(2)碳化蚕沙的H2脱氧处理:将CS置于含有H2的N2气氛下,在200-500℃焙烧1-5h得到低含氧的碳化蚕沙HCS;
(3)将HCS浸渍于两种过渡金属的盐溶液的中,烘干后通过等离子体辐射的方式将过渡金属负载到HCS上,制得MxM1-x-HCS1;
(4)催化剂的焙烧:MxM1-x-HCS1在150-500℃下焙烧,最后得到双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂,记为:MxM1-x-HCS。
3.根据权利要求2所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中高温碳化反应时间为1~8h。
4.根据权利要求2所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中H2在N2气氛中的体积比为10-30%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述的两种过渡金属为Cr、Mn、Fe、Co和Cu中的任意两种;所述的盐溶液为金属的可溶醋酸盐或硝酸盐。
6.根据权利要求2所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述等离子体反应器输出电压3-9kV,辐射时间5-20min。
7.根据权利要求2所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述的两种过渡金属盐之间的质量比为1:1-4。
8.根据权利要求2所述的双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)的焙烧时间在1-5h。
9.如权利要求1所述的制得双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂的应用,其特征在于:它在挥发性有机物VOCs的催化降解方面应用。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610812004.9A CN106423167A (zh) | 2016-09-09 | 2016-09-09 | 一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610812004.9A CN106423167A (zh) | 2016-09-09 | 2016-09-09 | 一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂及其制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106423167A true CN106423167A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
Family
ID=58165474
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610812004.9A Pending CN106423167A (zh) | 2016-09-09 | 2016-09-09 | 一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106423167A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108772067A (zh) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-09 | 天津大学 | 常温降解VOCs的负载双过渡金属单原子的ACF催化剂的制备方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1539553A (zh) * | 2003-10-28 | 2004-10-27 | 天津大学 | 等离子体制备高分散性负载型金属催化剂的方法 |
CN1647858A (zh) * | 2004-12-01 | 2005-08-03 | 天津大学 | 利用低温等离子体还原负载金属催化剂的方法 |
CN103566874A (zh) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-02-12 | 蚌埠华纺滤材有限公司 | 一种蚕砂改性多孔活性炭及其制备方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-09-09 CN CN201610812004.9A patent/CN106423167A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1539553A (zh) * | 2003-10-28 | 2004-10-27 | 天津大学 | 等离子体制备高分散性负载型金属催化剂的方法 |
CN1647858A (zh) * | 2004-12-01 | 2005-08-03 | 天津大学 | 利用低温等离子体还原负载金属催化剂的方法 |
CN103566874A (zh) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-02-12 | 蚌埠华纺滤材有限公司 | 一种蚕砂改性多孔活性炭及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
GUILIN ZHOU ET AL: ""Phenyl VOCs catalytic combustion on supported CoMn/AC oxide catalyst"", 《JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY》 * |
周小华 等: "《农产品及生物资源深加工250例》", 31 March 2007 * |
姜瑞霞 等: ""高温氢气处理对活性炭性质的影响"", 《分子催化》 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108772067A (zh) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-09 | 天津大学 | 常温降解VOCs的负载双过渡金属单原子的ACF催化剂的制备方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Vikrant et al. | Recent advancements in photocatalyst-based platforms for the destruction of gaseous benzene: Performance evaluation of different modes of photocatalytic operations and against adsorption techniques | |
Pei et al. | Critical review of catalytic oxidization and chemisorption methods for indoor formaldehyde removal | |
CN110787788A (zh) | 衍生自金属有机骨架的二维催化材料及其在挥发性有机化合物去除中的应用 | |
WO2017219793A1 (zh) | 一种短孔道有序介孔碳负载硫铟钴和硫铟镍三元复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
KR101319064B1 (ko) | 포름알데히드, 일산화탄소, 메탄올 및 수소 산화 제거용 백금 촉매의 제조 방법 | |
Guo et al. | Carbon material-TiO2 for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 and degradation of VOCs: A critical review | |
CN102198405A (zh) | 一种净化室内甲醛用的复合催化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN108816244B (zh) | 一种催化氧化降解甲醛的纳米碳基复合材料及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN106861626B (zh) | 一种吸附-光催化双功能材料及其制备方法与在挥发性有机气体治理工艺的应用 | |
JP2022553045A (ja) | 炭素被覆酸化ニッケルナノ複合材料、その製造方法および応用 | |
CN104492433A (zh) | 基于活性炭毡基的吸附催化剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN106311222A (zh) | 一种双过渡金属基蚕沙多孔炭催化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN111068666A (zh) | 一种海泡石负载贵金属甲醛室温氧化催化剂及其制备方法 | |
Jiang et al. | Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in the gas phase: a review | |
Bi et al. | Synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis for the degradation of toluene by TiO2 loaded on ACF modified by Zn (CH3COO) 2 | |
Lu et al. | Room temperature removal of NO by activated carbon fibres loaded with urea and La2O3 | |
CN106423167A (zh) | 一种双过渡金属基碳化蚕沙催化剂及其制备方法 | |
Zeng et al. | Birnessite MnO2 supported on CNTs in-situ for low-temperature oxidation of ethyl acetate | |
CN107670641A (zh) | 一种石墨烯空气净化材料及其制备方法 | |
He et al. | Photo‐activated direct catalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene with a Cu‐connected serial heterojunction array of Co3O4/CuxO/foam Cu assembled via layer upon layer oxidation | |
Mondal et al. | Cooperative and Bifunctional Adsorbent‐Catalyst Materials for In‐situ VOCs Capture‐Conversion | |
CN113751006B (zh) | 碳包覆氧化镍的纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
Yadav | Biological and physicochemical combination processes | |
Jiang et al. | Development and application of catalysts for catalytic ozonation of Cl-VOCs at low temperature: A comprehensive review | |
Zhang et al. | MnOx Catalyst with High‐Efficiency Degradation Behavior of Toluene: Effect of Cryptomelane |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20170222 |