CN106401551A - Simulation experiment system for staged fracturing or simultaneous fracturing of horizontal wells - Google Patents
Simulation experiment system for staged fracturing or simultaneous fracturing of horizontal wells Download PDFInfo
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- CN106401551A CN106401551A CN201610920434.2A CN201610920434A CN106401551A CN 106401551 A CN106401551 A CN 106401551A CN 201610920434 A CN201610920434 A CN 201610920434A CN 106401551 A CN106401551 A CN 106401551A
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- pressure break
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010020852 Hypertonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a simulation experiment system for staged fracturing or simultaneous fracturing of horizontal wells. The system is used for performing fracturing simulation on a cubic artificial rock sample and comprises fracturing simulation assemblies, stress loading devices and fracture monitoring devices; each fracturing simulation assembly comprises a simulation wellbore, a liquid injection pipe and a position adjusting device; the simulation wellbores are located inside the artificial rock sample; the liquid injection pipes are located in the simulation wellbores; and at least two simulation perforations which are equal in number and different in position are formed in each simulation wellbore and each liquid injection pipe. Positions of the liquid injection pipes are controlled by the position adjusting devices, the communicating sequence of the simulation perforations in different fracturing sections is realized, and the different fracturing sections are fractured respectively. The simultaneous fracturing process of the two horizontal wells can be simulated by the two fracturing simulation assemblies. The simulation experiment system can simulate interference phenomena among fractures during staged fracturing of the horizontal wells or simultaneous fracturing of the two horizontal wells, and an experimental method is provided for understanding of hydraulic fracture propagation rules and fracture shapes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the physical simulation experiment technology of true triaxial hydraulically created fracture crack initiation and propagation law, more particularly, to
A kind of staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating.
Background technology
Fracturing is one of key technology of oil gas field storey increase design.With non-as representative with shale gas and fine and close oil
The exploitation of conventional gas and oil resource, horizontal well in segments sub-clustering fracturing technique has obtained large-scale application.In recent years, emerge again
The new techniques such as many well synchronization pressure breaks, substantially improve reservoir reconstruction effect.Staged fracturing of horizontal well refers to the physical property according to reservoir
Feature carries out staged fracturing for net horizontal section diverse location stratum, increases the contact surface in crack and stratum with many pressure breaks hop count
Long-pending, obtain higher initil output and improve recovery ratio.Synchronous fracturing technique refers to that carry out pressure break to many saliva horizontal well applies simultaneously
Work it is therefore an objective to increase density and the complexity of hydraulic fracture using the advantage of interwell communication.True triaxial fracturing is simulated
Experimental system is the effective means of research hydraulic fracture crack initiation and propagation law.It is simulation oil field hydraulic fracturing process, will flow
Body is built the pressure by prefabricated simulation wellbore hole in high pressure pump group injection rock sample and in wellbore bottom generation, when Fluid pressure exceedes rock
During tensile strength, rupture and continue to extend.
At present, lot of domestic and foreign scholar has carried out lot of experiments to hydraulic fracture crack initiation propagation law, but existing skill
Art scheme is only capable of the physical modeling to individual well single hop pressure break it is impossible to do to crack intersegmental during staged fracturing of horizontal well
The relevant issues such as disturb and carry out experimentation.Chinese invention patent (CN 104563993 A) discloses a kind of shale horizontal well in segments
Fracture simulation experimental technique.Filling soundless cracking agent slurry specifically in horizontal wellbore, controls the water of simulation using cut piece
Horizontal well segments, controls the crack initiation order in filling section crack by the sequencing that soundless cracking agent slurry is prepared.Soundless cracking
Using the inorganic compound based on calcium oxide through high-temperature calcination more than agent slurry, mix what appropriate additive intergrinding was made
Possess the broken pulverulent material of non-explosion of high expansion function, during its dehydration expansion curing, form high pressure and act on
Rock sample, produces crack.
But it is primarily present following 2 points of problems in current research：1) in patent of invention (CN 104563993 A)
The soundless cracking agent slurry that method is adopted is to produce crack to form solid crushes rock sample, and that is, the active force of fracture is only
Concentrate on cracking initiation point, can't be mobile with crack extension, therefore cannot be in research trends active force hydraulic fracturing process
Fracture under fluid matasomatism forms the impact with propagation law；2) research and currently for staged fracturing or synchronous pressure break
Less it is impossible to sum up from theoretical experiment interference fracture between the seam of many cracks formed and expanded configuration affecting laws.
There is essential difference with the principle of actual mining site hydrofracturing in therefore current experimental system, experiment conclusion cannot be real for mineral products
Trample offer effectively to instruct.
Content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronously simulating experimental system, can simulate actual mining site hydraulic pressure
On the premise of fracturing, Study of Fluid active force fracture forms the impact with propagation law, provides significantly more efficient finger for mineral products
Lead；Realize staged fracturing simulation when reduce can liquid injection pipe displacement, save experimental system installation footprint；Realization is recognized
Crack between the well that knowledge crack propagation law the intersegmental crack interference phenomenon of research level well staged fracturing and synchronous pressure break produce
Interference increases the mechanism of action of crack complexity.
The present invention provides a kind of staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, for cube Artificial Rock
Sample carries out fracture simulation, including：Fracture simulation assembly, stress loading device and Crack Monitoring device, fracture simulation assembly includes
Simulation wellbore hole and liquid injection pipe；Simulation wellbore hole is located inside artificial rock, and the cylinder underseal of simulation wellbore hole closes, and the nozzle of simulation wellbore hole
Outside positioned at artificial rock；At least two simulations axially arranging along simulation wellbore hole are offered on the barrel of simulation wellbore hole penetrate
Hole.
Liquid injection pipe one end is closed, and the other end is connected with feed flow pipeline, the internal diameter phase of the external diameter of liquid injection pipe and simulation wellbore hole
Join, so that liquid injection pipe is set in simulation wellbore hole, the tube wall of liquid injection pipe offers at least two along liquid injection pipe axial direction arrangement
Liquid outlet, the pitch-row between the pitch-row between adjacent liquid outlet and analogue perforation differs.
When liquid injection pipe is axially moveable in simulation wellbore hole, at most one liquid outlet is relative with analogue perforation position and connects
Logical, so that the fracturing fluid flowing in liquid injection pipe enters artificial rock by the analogue perforation being connected with liquid outlet.
Stress loading device is three, the vertical side of the corresponding alien invasion with artificial rock of each stress loading device
To, and the direction corresponding to different fracture simulation assembly is perpendicular to one another.
The sensor of Crack Monitoring device is installed in the surface of artificial rock.
Optionally, when fracture simulation assembly is one, complete staged fracturing of horizontal well simulation experiment；Fracture simulation assembly is
When two, complete horizontal well synchronization pressure break simulation experiment, two fracture simulation assemblies are arranged at the same outer vertical of artificial rock
Surface side, each fracture simulation assembly all includes a simulation wellbore hole and a liquid injection pipe.
Optionally, the barrel of simulation wellbore hole offers the first order pressure being set gradually by cylinder bottom to the nozzle of simulation wellbore hole
Split a section analogue perforation, second level fracturing section analogue perforation and third level fracturing section analogue perforation.Offer on the tube wall of liquid injection pipe
First order fracturing section liquid outlet, second level fracturing section liquid outlet and the third level pressure being set gradually by ttom of pipe to the mouth of pipe of liquid injection pipe
Split a section liquid outlet.
Optionally, each fracture simulation assembly also includes apparatus for adjusting position, and apparatus for adjusting position includes nipple, puts down
Plate, leading screw and four support columns, nipple has internal thread hole, and nipple has the end connecting with fluid injection tube end
Face.
Support column symmetry to be fixed on flat board, leading screw one end is fixed on flat board, the leading screw other end and nipple interior
Screwed hole screws.
Optionally, the range of activity of leading screw end is located within the internal thread hole of nipple.
Optionally, artificial rock surface is provided with top board, and apparatus for adjusting position is arranged on top board, top board is additionally provided with for
Make the centre bore that simulation wellbore hole passes through.
Optionally, the mouth of pipe of liquid injection pipe is additionally provided with adaptor, and adaptor is abutted with nipple.
Optionally, the two of first order fracturing section liquid outlet, second level fracturing section liquid outlet and third level fracturing section liquid outlet
Side is equipped with sealing ring.
Optionally, Crack Monitoring device is acoustic emission Crack Monitoring device.
Optionally, two fracture simulation assemblies respectively the first fracture simulation assembly and the second fracture simulation assemblies, first
Have on second simulation wellbore hole of the first simulation wellbore hole of fracture simulation assembly and the second fracture simulation assembly equal number and
Away from analogue perforation.
The present invention provides a kind of staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronously simulating experimental system, by with liquid for pressure break medium,
Can simulate actual mining site hydrofracturing on the premise of Study of Fluid active force fracture formed and propagation law impact, be
Mineral products provide significantly more efficient guidance；By appropriate design analogue perforation eyelet distance and liquid outlet hole position, realizing dividing
Section fracture simulation when reduce can liquid injection pipe displacement, save experimental system installation footprint；Simulated by subsection setup
Perforation, two simulation wellbore hole synchronization pressure breaks, realize the intersegmental crack of understanding crack propagation law research level well staged fracturing
Between the well of interference phenomenon and synchronous pressure break generation, crack interference increases the mechanism of action of crack complexity.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well of present invention offer or the structural representation of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating；
Fig. 2 is the structure of the simulation wellbore hole of staged fracturing of horizontal well that the present invention provides or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the simulation wellbore hole of staged fracturing of horizontal well that the present invention provides or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating and artificial
The structural representation of rock sample；
Fig. 4 is that the structure of the liquid injection pipe of staged fracturing of horizontal well that the present invention provides or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 5 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well of present invention offer or the apparatus for adjusting position of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
Structural representation；
Fig. 6 is the structure of the nipple of staged fracturing of horizontal well that the present invention provides or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the right view of Fig. 6 that the present invention provides；
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the top board of staged fracturing of horizontal well that the present invention provides or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
Figure；
Fig. 9 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well of present invention offer or the staged fracturing of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating is simulated in fact
Test middle liquid injection pipe and simulation wellbore hole relative position schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well of present invention offer or the synchronous fracture simulation of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
The first position relationship schematic diagram of experiment；
Figure 11 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well of present invention offer or the synchronous fracture simulation of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
The second position relationship schematic diagram of experiment；
Figure 12 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well of present invention offer or the synchronous fracture simulation of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
The third position relationship schematic diagram of experiment；
Figure 13 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well of present invention offer or the synchronous fracture simulation of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
4th kind of position relationship schematic diagram of experiment.
Description of reference numerals：
1- fracture simulation assembly；2- artificial rock；
11- simulation wellbore hole；12- liquid injection pipe；
13- stress loading device；14- Crack Monitoring device；
15- feed flow pipeline；16- apparatus for adjusting position；
111- analogue perforation；112- first simulation wellbore hole；
113- second simulation wellbore hole；121- liquid outlet；
122- adaptor；123- sealing ring；
161- nipple；162- flat board；
163- leading screw；164- support column；
21- top board；211- centre bore；
1111- first order fracturing section analogue perforation；1112- second level fracturing section analogue perforation；
1113- third level fracturing section analogue perforation；1211- first order fracturing section liquid outlet；
1212- second level fracturing section liquid outlet；1213- third level fracturing section liquid outlet.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well of present invention offer or the structural representation of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, Fig. 2
It is the structural representation of the simulation wellbore hole of staged fracturing of horizontal well that the present invention provides or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, Fig. 3
It is the staged fracturing of horizontal well or the synchronous simulation wellbore hole of pressure break experimental system for simulating and the structure of artificial rock that the present invention provides
Schematic diagram, Fig. 4 is that the structure of the liquid injection pipe of staged fracturing of horizontal well that the present invention provides or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating is shown
It is intended to, Fig. 5 is the knot of the apparatus for adjusting position of staged fracturing of horizontal well that the present invention provides or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
Structure schematic diagram, Fig. 6 is the knot of the nipple of staged fracturing of horizontal well that the present invention provides or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
Structure schematic diagram, Fig. 7 is the right view of Fig. 6 that the present invention provides, and Fig. 8 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure that the present invention provides
Split the structural representation of the top board of experimental system for simulating, Fig. 9 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure break mould that the present invention provides
The liquid injection pipe of draft experiment system with respect to simulation wellbore hole position view, Figure 10 be the present invention provide staged fracturing of horizontal well or
The first position relationship schematic diagram of the synchronous pressure break simulation experiment of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, Figure 11 is offer of the present invention
Staged fracturing of horizontal well or the second position relationship of synchronous pressure break simulation experiment of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating illustrate
Figure, Figure 12 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well of present invention offer or the synchronous pressure break simulation experiment of synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating
The third position relationship schematic diagram, Figure 13 is the staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating that the present invention provides
4th kind of position relationship schematic diagram of synchronous pressure break simulation experiment.
As shown in figures 1-13, the present invention provides a kind of staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, is used for
Fracture simulation is carried out to cube artificial rock 2, including：Fracture simulation assembly 1, stress loading device 13 and Crack Monitoring device
14, fracture simulation assembly 1 includes simulation wellbore hole 11 and liquid injection pipe 12；Simulation wellbore hole 11 is located inside artificial rock 2, simulation wellbore hole
11 cylinder underseal closes, and the nozzle of simulation wellbore hole 11 is located at the outside of artificial rock 2；Offer on the barrel of simulation wellbore hole 11 to
Few two analogue perforations 111 axially arranging along simulation wellbore hole 11.
Liquid injection pipe 12 one end is closed, and the other end is connected with feed flow pipeline 15, the external diameter of liquid injection pipe 12 and simulation wellbore hole 11
Internal diameter matches, so that liquid injection pipe 12 is set in simulation wellbore hole 11, the tube wall of liquid injection pipe 12 offers at least two along note
The liquid outlet 121 that liquid pipe 12 axially arranges, the pitch-row not phase between the pitch-row between adjacent liquid outlet 121 and analogue perforation 111
With.
When liquid injection pipe 12 is axially moveable in simulation wellbore hole 11, at most one liquid outlet 121 and analogue perforation 111 position
Relatively and connect, so that the fracturing fluid flowing in liquid injection pipe 12 enters people by the analogue perforation 111 being connected with liquid outlet 121
Work rock sample 2.
Stress loading device 13 is three, and the corresponding alien invasion with artificial rock 2 of each stress loading device 13 hangs down
Straight direction, and the direction corresponding to different fracture simulation assembly 1 is perpendicular to one another.
The sensor of Crack Monitoring device 14 is installed in the surface of artificial rock 2.
It should be noted that this staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating pass through outside artificial rock 2
Facade arranges fracture simulation assembly 1, truly simulates the fracturing process in this direction.After fracture simulation experiment starts, three stress
Respectively from different directions to artificial rock 2 external load stress, stress loading device 13 is preferably hydraulic pressure and lives charger 13
Plug.Concurrent fracturing liquid passes through high-pressure pump and injects in liquid injection pipe 12 through feed flow pipeline 15, by going out on the tube wall of liquid injection pipe 12
The analogue perforation 111 that fluid apertures 121 flows through simulation wellbore hole 11 enters artificial rock 2, stress loading device 13 and high pressure fracture liquid
Artificial rock 2 is acted on simultaneously, inside and outside pressurization simultaneously makes internal generation of artificial rock 2 build the pressure, when the pressure of fracturing liquid exceedes
During the tensile strength of rock mass, rupture inside rock mass.Fracturing fluid is known from experience with crack extension flowing, i.e. pressure break active force meeting
With fracture extension, therefore crack constantly extends.Monitor formation and the expanded configuration in crack by Crack Monitoring device 14.Pressure break
Liquid preferably uses water body, can more truly simulate the working environment of actual mining site.
On above-mentioned basic experiment process basis, also can stretch into position by adjusting liquid injection pipe 12 in simulation wellbore hole 11
Put, the different liquid outlet 121 of adjustment is mutually corresponding with analogue perforation 111, completes staged fracturing simulation experiment.And, also can pass through
It is preferably provided with two fracture simulation assemblies 1 in each fracture simulation assembly 1, that is, two groups of simulation wellbore holes 11 and liquid injection pipe are set
12, study interacting between the crack that this two groups of simulation wellbore holes 11 and liquid injection pipe 12 are formed respectively, realize two simulation wells
The synchronous pressure break simulation experiment of cylinder 11.Oil/gas Well can truly be simulated by staged fracturing simulation experiment and synchronous pressure break simulation experiment
Fracturing process, provides for mineral products practice and effectively instructs.
Preferably, above-mentioned artificial rock 2 is the cube of 300mm × 300mm × 300mm.The overall length of simulation wellbore hole 11
Spend for 250mm, external diameter is 15mm, internal diameter is 10mm.Liquid injection pipe 12 total length is 250mm, and external diameter is 9mm, and internal diameter is 2mm.For
Liquid pipe line 15 external diameter is 3mm, and internal diameter is 1mm.The aperture of analogue perforation 111 and liquid outlet 121 is 2mm.
Specifically, when fracture simulation assembly 1 is one, complete staged fracturing of horizontal well simulation experiment；Fracture simulation assembly 1
For two, complete horizontal well synchronization pressure break simulation experiment, two fracture simulation assemblies 1 are arranged at the same outer of artificial rock 2
Facade side, each fracture simulation assembly 1 all includes a simulation wellbore hole 11 and a liquid injection pipe 12.
It should be noted that when each fracture simulation assembly 1 all includes a simulation wellbore hole 11 and a liquid injection pipe 12, that is,
Staged fracturing simulation experiment can be completed.When arrange two fracture simulation assemblies 1 when, included two simulation wellbore holes 11 with two note
Liquid pipe 12, both can complete staged fracturing simulation experiment by single group fluid injection it is also possible to pass through two groups of fluid injections simultaneously, complete synchronization
Fracture simulation is tested, and disturbs and increase the mechanism of action of crack complexity between two mouthfuls of wells of research between the seam in crack.
Specifically, the barrel of simulation wellbore hole 11 offers first being set gradually by cylinder bottom to the nozzle of simulation wellbore hole 11
Level fracturing section analogue perforation 1111, second level fracturing section analogue perforation 1112 and third level fracturing section analogue perforation 1113；Fluid injection
The first order fracturing section liquid outlet 1211, second being set gradually by ttom of pipe to the mouth of pipe of liquid injection pipe 12 is offered on the tube wall of pipe 12
Level fracturing section liquid outlet 1212 and third level fracturing section liquid outlet 1213.
It should be noted that by being respectively provided with first order fracturing section analogue perforation 1111, fracturing section simulation in the second level is penetrated
Hole 1112, third level fracturing section analogue perforation 1113 and first order fracturing section liquid outlet 1211, second level fracturing section liquid outlet
1212nd, third level fracturing section liquid outlet 1213, can complete the experiment of three-level fracture simulation.As shown in figure 9, work as carrying out first order pressure break
During simulation experiment, liquid injection pipe 12 with respect to the position of position such as in figure from top to bottom first liquid injection pipe 12 of simulation wellbore hole 11,
Now only first order fracturing section analogue perforation 1111 and the corresponding connection of first order fracturing section liquid outlet 1211, remaining hole all misplaces
Setting, therefore the fracturing fluid of injection is only capable of entering artificial rock 2 by first order fracturing section analogue perforation 1111.When carrying out the second level
Fracture simulation is tested, and liquid injection pipe 12 is with respect to the position of position such as in figure from top to bottom second liquid injection pipe 12 of simulation wellbore hole 11
Put, now liquid injection pipe 12 is displaced outwardly a segment distance with respect to simulation wellbore hole 11, cause only second level fracturing section analogue perforation
1112 are shifted to install with the corresponding connection of second level fracturing section liquid outlet 1212, remaining Kong Jun, therefore the fracturing fluid of injection is only capable of leading to
Cross second level fracturing section analogue perforation 1112 and enter artificial rock 2.When carrying out third level fracture simulation experiment, with second level pressure break
Simulation experiment is similar to, and liquid injection pipe 12 is with respect to the position of position such as in figure from top to bottom the 3rd liquid injection pipe 12 of simulation wellbore hole 11
Put, now liquid injection pipe 12 outwards continues to move to a segment distance with respect to simulation wellbore hole 11, cause only third level fracturing section simulation
Perforation 1113 is shifted to install with the corresponding connection of third level fracturing section liquid outlet 1213, remaining Kong Jun, therefore the fracturing fluid of injection is only
Artificial rock 2 can be entered by third level fracturing section analogue perforation 1113.By staged fracturing simulation experiment, simulation well can be studied
Crack interference phenomenon between the different fracturing section of cylinder 11 and the propagation law of hydraulic fracture.
It should be noted that above-mentioned three-level staged fracturing simulation experiment can to need to arrange for, according to experiment, the priority that it completes suitable
Sequence is it is not limited to the order that limited of its title.
Preferably, above-mentioned first order fracturing section analogue perforation 1111, second level fracturing section analogue perforation 1112 and the 3rd
Level fracturing section analogue perforation 1113 range simulation pit shaft 11 nozzle is respectively 200mm, 150mm and 100mm.First order fracturing section goes out
Fluid apertures 1211, second level fracturing section liquid outlet 1212 and third level fracturing section liquid outlet 1213 are respectively apart from liquid injection pipe 12 mouth of pipe
225mm, 185mm and 145mm.When carrying out second level fracture simulation experiment and the experiment of third level fracture simulation, liquid injection pipe 12 phase
For simulation wellbore hole 11, the outer distance moved is 10mm.
Specifically, each fracture simulation assembly 1 also includes apparatus for adjusting position 16, and apparatus for adjusting position 16 includes screw thread and connects
161, flat board 162, leading screw 163 and four support columns 164, nipple 161 has internal thread hole, and nipple 161 has
There is the end face connecting with liquid injection pipe 12 end.
Support column 164 is symmetrically fixed on flat board 162, and leading screw 163 one end is fixed on flat board 162, leading screw 163 other end
Screw with the internal thread hole of nipple 161.
Specifically, the range of activity of leading screw 163 end is located within the internal thread hole of nipple 161.
It should be noted that the activity on leading screw 163 by nipple 161, limit liquid injection pipe 12 in simulation wellbore hole 11
Interior position.Cooperated by flat board 162 and support column 164, stress loading device 13 is connected to flat board 162 surface, flat board
162 in order to transmit the stress of stress loading device 13 to artificial rock 2 surface.The range of activity of leading screw 163 end is located at screw thread
Within the internal thread hole of joint 161, that is, nipple 161 is only limited to activity on leading screw 163.This apparatus for adjusting position 16 in order to
Adjust and fix the position of liquid injection pipe 12, prevent fracturing fluid hypertonia in artificial rock 2, liquid injection pipe 12 exits simulation wellbore hole
11 or both positions there are deviations, cause liquid outlet 121 cannot correspond to analogue perforation 111 and connect.
Preferably, above-mentioned flat board 162 is the aluminium sheet of 300mm × 300mm × 40mm.Support column 164 is preferably four, relatively
It is symmetrical arranged in flat board 162, its a diameter of 80mm.The a diameter of 20mm of leading screw 163, is external thread structure.As shown in Figures 6 and 7, spiral shell
Stricture of vagina joint 161 is T-shape structure, and a diameter of 20mm of central through hole, is female thread structure.
Specifically, artificial rock 2 surface is provided with top board 21, and apparatus for adjusting position 16 is arranged on top board 21, on top board 21
It is additionally provided with the centre bore 211 for making simulation wellbore hole 11 pass through.
Specifically, the mouth of pipe of liquid injection pipe 12 is additionally provided with adaptor 122, and adaptor 122 is abutted with nipple 161.
It should be noted that the top board 21 on artificial rock 2 surface is for ensureing artificial rock 2 surface uniform force, and note
The mouth of pipe setting adaptor 122 of liquid pipe 12 is also to be to ensure that liquid injection pipe 12 will not be by liquid by abutting with nipple 161
Pressure releases simulation wellbore hole 11.
Preferably, top board 21 is the aluminium sheet of 300mm × 300mm × 25mm, a diameter of 25mm of centre bore 211.
Specifically, first order fracturing section liquid outlet 1211, second level fracturing section liquid outlet 1212 and third level fracturing section go out
The both sides of fluid apertures 1213 are equipped with sealing ring 123.
It should be noted that due to liquid injection pipe 12 can be reserved between the external diameter of liquid injection pipe 12 and the internal diameter of simulation wellbore hole 11
Requisite space when being inserted in, can be seen that phase between the two according to above-mentioned preferred liquid injection pipe 12 external diameter and simulation wellbore hole 11 internal diameter
Difference 1mm, after preventing fracturing fluid to be passed through, penetrates into adjacent analog perforation 111 along this gap, therefore equal in each liquid outlet 121 both sides
Setting sealing ring 123.Preferably, sealing ring 123 thickness is more than 1mm.
Specifically, Crack Monitoring device 14 is acoustic emission Crack Monitoring device.
It should be noted that acoustic emission Crack Monitoring device by sensor, preamplifier, data acquisition processing system and
Four parts of record analyses display system form.In acoustic emission Crack Monitoring device, sensor receives collection from acoustic emission source
Acoustic signals, i.e. acoustic emission signal, this acoustic emission signal has reacted the form of artificial rock 2 internal fissure.The acoustic emission receiving
Signal after preamplifier amplification, and after acoustic emission signal being processed by signal acquiring processing system, by record display system
System is recorded, analyzed and is shown, thus the intuitively formation in analysis crack and expanded configuration.
Specifically, two fracture simulation assemblies 1 respectively the first fracture simulation assembly and the second fracture simulation assemblies, first
On second simulation wellbore hole 113 of the first simulation wellbore hole 112 of fracture simulation assembly and the second fracture simulation assembly, there is identical number
Amount and the analogue perforation 111 of spacing.
It should be noted that completing two simulation wellbore holes by arranging the first simulation wellbore hole 112 and the second simulation wellbore hole 113
11 synchronous pressure break simulation experiments, this staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating have four kinds of position relationships.As
It is illustrated that being the first position relationship shown in Figure 10, both the first simulation wellbore hole 112 and the second simulation wellbore hole 113 are located at artificial
Rock sample 2 internal depth is identical, both first order fracturing section analogue perforations 1111, second level fracturing section analogue perforation 1112 and
Three-level fracturing section analogue perforation 1113 is all each mutually corresponding.As shown in figure 11, second position relationship is the first simulation wellbore hole
112 with both the second simulation wellbore holes 113 be located at artificial rock 2 internal depth different, both first order fracturing section analogue perforations
1111st, second level fracturing section analogue perforation 1112 and third level fracturing section analogue perforation 1113 are all each mutually corresponding.As Figure 12
Shown, the third position relationship is that both the first simulation wellbore hole 112 and the second simulation wellbore hole 113 are located at artificial rock 2 inside deeply
Spend identical, both first order fracturing section analogue perforations 1111, second level fracturing section analogue perforation 1112 and third level fracturing section
The all respective setting of mutually staggering of analogue perforation 1113.As shown in figure 13, the 4th kind of position relationship is the first simulation wellbore hole 112 and the
It is different that both two simulation wellbore holes 113 are located at artificial rock 2 internal depth, both first order fracturing section analogue perforations 1111, the
Two grades of fracturing section analogue perforations 1112 and all respective setting of mutually staggering of third level fracturing section analogue perforation 1113.
By the setting of above-mentioned four kinds of position relationships, simulation wellbore hole 11 depth and analogue perforation 111 whether phase can be probed into
Corresponding two factor fractures form the impact of extension.Therefore different (or phases can be simulated respectively by arranging four kinds of position relationships
With) two mouthfuls of water horizontal wells of depth, the propagation law in fracturing section crack relatively and under the pressure break modification scheme such as be interspersed.
Staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating that the present invention provides, by being situated between with liquid for pressure break
Matter, the pressure break point of application can flow in crack with liquid and change position, and realization dynamic force fracture forms and expands
The research of exhibition rule, simulates actual mining site hydrofracturing situation, provides significantly more efficient guidance for mineral products；By appropriate design mould
Intend perforation 111 eyelet distance and liquid outlet 121 hole position, reduce in staged fracturing can liquid injection pipe 12 displacement, subtract
Installing space needed for few experimental system；By subsection setup analogue perforation 111, two simulation wellbore hole 11 synchronization pressure breaks, enable
Understanding crack propagation law simultaneously studies interference between the seam that the analogue perforation 111 of staged fracturing and synchronous pressure break simulation wellbore hole 11 cause
Fracture forms the impact with expanded configuration.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above only in order to technical scheme to be described, is not intended to limit；To the greatest extent
Pipe has been described in detail to the present invention with reference to foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
So the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can be modified, or wherein some or all of technical characteristic is entered
Row equivalent；And these modifications or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of staged fracturing of horizontal well or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, for carrying out pressure break mould to cube artificial rock
Intend it is characterised in that including：Fracture simulation assembly, stress loading device and Crack Monitoring device, described fracture simulation assembly bag
Include simulation wellbore hole and liquid injection pipe；Described simulation wellbore hole is located inside described artificial rock, and the cylinder underseal of described simulation wellbore hole closes, and
The nozzle of described simulation wellbore hole is located at the outside of described artificial rock；At least two edges are offered on the barrel of described simulation wellbore hole
The analogue perforation that described simulation wellbore hole axially arranges；
The closing of described liquid injection pipe one end, the other end is connected with feed flow pipeline, the external diameter of described liquid injection pipe and described simulation wellbore hole
Internal diameter matches, so that described liquid injection pipe is set in described simulation wellbore hole, the tube wall of described liquid injection pipe offers at least two
The individual liquid outlet axially arranging along described liquid injection pipe, the hole between the pitch-row between adjacent described liquid outlet and described analogue perforation
Away from differing；
When described liquid injection pipe is axially moveable in described simulation wellbore hole, at most one described liquid outlet and described analogue perforation position
Put relatively and connect, so that the fracturing fluid flowing in described liquid injection pipe is entered by the analogue perforation being connected with described liquid outlet
Described artificial rock；
Described stress loading device is three, and each described stress loading device corresponds to an alien invasion with described artificial rock
Vertical direction, and the direction corresponding to different described fracture simulation assembly is perpendicular to one another；
The sensor of described Crack Monitoring device is installed in the surface of described artificial rock.
2. staged fracturing of horizontal well according to claim 1 or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating are it is characterised in that described
When fracture simulation assembly is one, complete staged fracturing of horizontal well simulation experiment；When described fracture simulation assembly is two, complete
Horizontal well synchronization pressure break simulation experiment, described two described fracture simulation assemblies are arranged at the same outer vertical of described artificial rock
Surface side, each described fracture simulation assembly all includes a described simulation wellbore hole and a described liquid injection pipe.
3. staged fracturing of horizontal well according to claim 2 or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating are it is characterised in that described
The first order fracturing section simulation being set gradually by cylinder bottom to the nozzle of described simulation wellbore hole is offered on the barrel of simulation wellbore hole penetrate
Hole, second level fracturing section analogue perforation and third level fracturing section analogue perforation；Offer by described on the tube wall of described liquid injection pipe
First order fracturing section liquid outlet, second level fracturing section liquid outlet and third level pressure break that the ttom of pipe of liquid injection pipe to the mouth of pipe sets gradually
Section liquid outlet.
4. the staged fracturing of horizontal well according to any one of claim 1-3 or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, its feature
It is, each described fracture simulation assembly also includes apparatus for adjusting position, described apparatus for adjusting position includes nipple, puts down
Plate, leading screw and four support columns, described nipple has internal thread hole, and described nipple has and described fluid injection pipe end
The end face that portion connects；
Described support column symmetry be fixed on flat board, described leading screw one end is fixed on described flat board, the described leading screw other end and
The internal thread hole of described nipple screws.
5. staged fracturing of horizontal well according to claim 4 or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating are it is characterised in that described
The range of activity of leading screw end is located within the internal thread hole of described nipple.
6. the staged fracturing of horizontal well according to any one of claim 1-3 or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, its feature
It is, described artificial rock surface is provided with top board, described apparatus for adjusting position is arranged on described top board, and described top board also sets
There is the centre bore for making described simulation wellbore hole pass through.
7. staged fracturing of horizontal well according to claim 4 or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating are it is characterised in that described
The mouth of pipe of liquid injection pipe is additionally provided with adaptor, and described adaptor is abutted with described nipple.
8. staged fracturing of horizontal well according to claim 4 or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating are it is characterised in that described
The both sides of first order fracturing section liquid outlet, described second level fracturing section liquid outlet and described third level fracturing section liquid outlet are equipped with
Sealing ring.
9. the staged fracturing of horizontal well according to any one of claim 1-3 or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, its feature
It is, described Crack Monitoring device is acoustic emission Crack Monitoring device.
10. the staged fracturing of horizontal well according to any one of claim 1-3 or synchronous pressure break experimental system for simulating, its feature
It is, described two described fracture simulation assemblies are respectively the first fracture simulation assembly and the second fracture simulation assembly, described the
On second simulation wellbore hole of the first simulation wellbore hole of one fracture simulation assembly and described second fracture simulation assembly, there is identical number
Amount and the analogue perforation of spacing.
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