CN106381831B - A kind of method of determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area - Google Patents
A kind of method of determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area Download PDFInfo
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- CN106381831B CN106381831B CN201610802362.1A CN201610802362A CN106381831B CN 106381831 B CN106381831 B CN 106381831B CN 201610802362 A CN201610802362 A CN 201610802362A CN 106381831 B CN106381831 B CN 106381831B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area, belong to hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering technical field, for solving when Practical Project place is located at the engineering of highlands, the difficulty for carrying out hydraulic model test at the scene is big, the problems such as of high cost, and the air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area data that the hydraulic model test carried out in the interior ground area of low altitude area is obtained can not be directly directly used in the problems in the engineering of highlands in the prior art.The present invention can be achieved the separation of test site and Practical Project place, so that hydraulic model test is not necessarily to carry out at Practical Project place scene, therefore test site can be arranged in the relatively good area of condition, can be more convenient for carrying out hydraulic model test in this way, while reducing experiment difficulty and cost；It is specific then be as by the data obtained by hydraulic model test by corresponding regulation coefficient adjustment after be used further to Practical Project place.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering technical field more particularly to a kind of determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional areas
Method.
Background technology
In hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, the flood building that overflows release flow when often due to flow velocity is higher, it is broken to easy to produce cavitation corrosion
It is bad, it usually needs setting corrosion inhibitor measure.Currently, there is common corrosion inhibitor measure in engineering：Optimize spillway build, made as possible
The build streaming in flow table face avoids flow that segregation phenomenon occurs with solid boundaries；Made using the higher material of anti-cavitation corrosion intensity
For wetted surfaces material；The irregularity degree of stringent control wetted surfaces；By the way that aeration structure is arranged on spillway, aeration is taken
Corrosion inhibitor technology.Wherein, air mixing corrosion reducing technology is usually air entraining facilities to be arranged on spillway, such as aerator structure is arranged, with
Promote flow aeration, prevents or reduce over-speed test and generate serious cavitation corrosion.It is this that air entraining facilities are set on building
Method, be air mixing corrosion reducing technology widely used in water conservancy project, this is also the effective corrosion inhibitor measure most often taken in Practical Project.
In the design process of air entraining facilities, but it is mostly important with the venthole cross-sectional area parameter of air entraining facilities, it is straight
Connect the air velocity for influencing air entrainment and aeration.Currently, summed up by a large amount of engineering practice, generally in flow rate of water flow
More than 30m/s or cavitation corrosion index<When 0.3, reference《Hydraulic structure resistant abrasion cavitation prevention concrete technology specification》(DL/
T5207 in), it is recommended that air entraining facilities are arranged to reduce or remit cavitation erosion.But since air mixing corrosion reducing mechanism itself is more complicated, because
This is at present for the theoretical research of the relevant issues such as air entrainment is less and the achievement in research etc. of the structural style of air entraining facilities
It is less；And for the venthole cross-sectional area of air entraining facilities, there has been no a set of ripe effective theoretical methods to be calculated.
The method of generally use is by Practical Project place or nearby carrying out hydraulic model test, i.e., to the flood that overflows in the prior art
Road and its air entraining facilities carry out simulation test；It is analyzed, is finally determined in the reality for meeting code requirement then in conjunction with experiment
Border venthole cross-sectional area；In general, according to current《Design of spillway specification》(DL/T5166) related request is to meet
Corresponding maximum air velocity≤60m/s in the venthole of air entraining facilities.
It can be seen that require in the prior art by hydraulic model test setting to Practical Project place construction site, with
The data that experiment obtains effectively are directly used in corresponding Practical Project.Generally, for Practical Project place
When positioned at the relatively low interior ground region of China's height above sea level, since geographical location relatively facilitates carry out hydraulic model test, because
This is utilized in Practical Project place scene essentially for such place and carries out hydraulic model test, with direct by testing
Determine actually required venthole cross-sectional area.But completed as power stations China Nei Di in recent years have been approached exploitation,
The place of exploitation gradually extends to the Tibet original areas Deng Gao, and the interior ground ground due to the geographical location of highlands with respect to low altitude area
For area, condition is poor, if by force the construction site of highlands carry out hydraulic model test, test difficulty compared with
Greatly, and experimentation cost is higher.In addition, due in highlands, height above sea level is higher, and rarefaction of air, very cold, at this
There are larger differences in the interior ground area of the operation characteristic of building and low altitude area in the environment of sample, therefore can not directly will be low
The test datas such as the venthole cross-sectional area that the hydraulic model test that the interior ground area of height above sea level carries out is obtained directly use
The highlands stated.
Invention content
Present invention solves the technical problem that being：It is located at the engineering of highlands for Practical Project place, carries out at the scene
The difficulty of hydraulic model test is big, it is of high cost the problems such as, and in the prior art can not directly will low altitude area it is interior ground area
The venthole cross-sectional area data that the hydraulic model test of progress is obtained are directly used in the problems in engineering of highlands.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area
Method, include the following steps：
A, the absolute elevation H corresponding to the Practical Project place for the flood discharge building for needing to be provided with air entraining facilities is obtained1(m)
With temperature on average T of the place during flood discharge1(℃)；
B, hydraulic model test：Including：
B1, the test site for determining hydraulic model test, and obtain the absolute elevation H corresponding to the test site2(m) and
Carry out the temperature on average T during hydraulic model test2(℃)；
B2, establishment simultaneously carry out hydraulic model test, and the experiment ventilation for meeting code requirement is obtained by hydraulic model test
Pore cross section area A0；
C, according to following formula, practical venthole cross-sectional area A is calculated1,
A1=A0×CT×CH；Wherein, CTFor temperature adjustment coefficient, CHFor elevation regulation coefficient, and have：
CT=[(T2+273.15)/(T1+273.15)]4.25588；
CH=[(288.15-0.0065 × H2)/(288.15-0.0065×H1)]4.25588。
It is further：In step B2, the code requirement is：Corresponding gas in venthole in hydraulic model test
Flow velocity degree V0≤60m/s。
It is further：The Practical Project place is non-Same Site with the test site.
It is further：Absolute elevation H corresponding to the Practical Project place1More than the height above sea level corresponding to test site
Elevation H2。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is realized the separation of test site and Practical Project place so that water
Work model test is not necessarily to carry out at Practical Project place scene, therefore test site can be arranged relatively goodly in condition
Area can be more convenient for carrying out hydraulic model test in this way, while reduce experiment difficulty and cost.The present invention by measuring reality respectively
It, can be to trying using above-mentioned two parameter after two parameters of absolute elevation and average temperature of the whole year of engineering ground and test site
Test the experiment venthole cross-sectional area A obtained by the hydraulic model test of place progress0Use is arrived after adjustment is properly calculated
In corresponding Practical Project place；Hydraulic model test can be carried out in the relatively low interior ground area of height above sea level by thereby realizing,
It simultaneously can be by the test data area poor in conditions such as plateaus for Practical Project place.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 is respectively the structural schematic diagram of the air entraining facilities of three kinds of concrete structures；
In figure label for：Venthole 1, aerator 2, aeration mouth 3, experiment venthole cross-sectional area A0, practical venthole it is disconnected
Face area A1。
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
A kind of method of determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area of the present invention, includes the following steps：
A, the absolute elevation H corresponding to the Practical Project place for the flood discharge building for needing to be provided with air entraining facilities is obtained1(m)
With temperature on average T of the place during flood discharge1(℃)；
B, hydraulic model test：Including：
B1, the test site for determining hydraulic model test, and obtain the absolute elevation H corresponding to the test site2(m) and
Carry out the temperature on average T during hydraulic model test2(℃)；
B2, establishment simultaneously carry out hydraulic model test, and the experiment ventilation for meeting code requirement is obtained by hydraulic model test
1 cross-sectional area A of hole0；
C, according to following formula, 1 cross-sectional area A of practical venthole is calculated1,
A1=A0×CT×CH；Wherein, CTFor temperature adjustment coefficient, CHFor elevation regulation coefficient, and have：
CT=[(T2+273.15)/(T1+273.15)]4.25588；
CH=[(288.15-0.0065 × H2)/(288.15-0.0065×H1)]4.25588。
Practical Project place wherein described above refers to the field corresponding to the engineering project for needing that air entraining facilities are arranged
Ground, and test site is then to carry out the place that hydraulic model test provides；In the prior art, it is desirable that by hydraulic model test
Setting Practical Project place carry out, that is, require by test site setting to Practical Project place scene or near.And
In the present invention, there is no this requirements, and both Practical Project place and test site can be non-Same Site.And it is theoretical
On, the present invention in test site can not by Practical Project place any influence and independent carry out addressing.In this way, for
Some Practical Project places are in the water project of the highlands such as Tibet it needs to be determined that when venthole cross-sectional area, so that it may
Test site to be arranged to the interior ground region relatively low in China's height above sea level；Such as test site is set in east China plains region
Ground, and carry out hydraulic model test；Then by being applicable on plateau after the data obtained is adjusted to testing accordingly
In the practical engineering project in area.
In addition, the hydraulic model test in above-mentioned steps B2, itself is one kind in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering at present
Routine test, hydraulic model test can be identical with existing hydraulic model test in the present invention, can use completely existing
The test method and test procedure of technology.Such as it specifically can refer to《Design of spillway specification》(DL/T5166) content in carries out
Experiment.In addition, for the experiment venthole cross-sectional area A directly obtained by hydraulic model test0, only show in test site
Geographical location under the conditions of, meet the venthole cross-sectional area A being arranged required for related specification requirement0；And for Practical Project
The practical venthole cross-sectional area A being arranged required for place1It then needs in A0On the basis of carry out adjustment appropriate after could obtain
It arrives.
And in order to realize experiment gained A0Data are suitable for Practical Project place, and inventor combines practical work experience,
Think that the determination of venthole cross-sectional area is mainly closely related with the factors such as the absolute elevation of projects and temperature；Because of the invention
People is using depth displacement and temperature difference as will test gained A0It is adjusted to the A needed for Practical Project1Two big adjustment factors；And for
Specific adjustment formula, inventor are close according to the aerodynamics gas under the viscous influence condition of air for ignoring different elevations
Spend formula：ρ1=ρ0[(288.15-0.0065×H)/288.15]4.25588, wherein H is absolute elevation；ρ1For in poster elevation H
The atmospheric density at place；ρ0It is the atmospheric density at zero for height above sea level；C is further obtained by above-mentioned formulaTTemperature adjustment coefficient and
CHThe specific formula for calculation of elevation regulation coefficient, wherein：CT=[(T2+273.15)/(T1+273.15)]4.25588；CH=
[(288.15-0.0065×H2)/(288.15-0.0065×H1)]4.25588.Finally, according still further to formula A1=A0×CT×CHIt is right
The experiment venthole cross-sectional area A directly obtained by hydraulic model test0Data are adjusted, and can make the data after adjustment
For the practical venthole cross-sectional area A needed for Practical Project place1。
Furthermore, it is contemplated that in the temperature in Practical Project place and the temperature of test site, it may be in the fluctuation in 1 year
It is larger, therefore to the value of temperature T1 and T2, preferably take temperature on average T of the Practical Project place during flood discharge1(DEG C) and
Take temperature on average T of the test site during carrying out hydraulic model test2(℃).Certainly, obtaining for above-mentioned temperature T1, T2
It takes, can be obtained by consulting local thermographic data over the years or by actual measurement method.
In addition, for the step B2 in the present invention, the code requirement can be practical engineering project requirement or its
The requirement of its some authority file；Such as《Design of spillway specification》(DL/T5166) specific requirement in is：Hydraulic model
Corresponding air velocity V in venthole in experiment0≤60m/s。
In general, when Practical Project place itself is the lower area of height above sea level or itself is exactly a locality condition
When relatively good area, hydraulic model test preferably still is carried out at Practical Project place scene in engineering, is achieved in that
Data can be directly used in Practical Project, and test data also more tallies with the actual situation.Present invention is only intended for realities
Border construction site local environment is poor, is not easy to carry out at the scene in Practical Project place especially for highlands etc. is such
The method used in the case of hydraulic model test；Therefore, in general it is absolute elevation corresponding to Practical Project place
H1More than the absolute elevation H corresponding to test site2In the case of preferably use method of the present invention；Or it is directed to China
For universal features of terrain, when implementing water conservancy project project in high altitude localities such as Tibet, preferably use of the present invention
Method.
In addition, it is necessary to, it is noted that the concrete structure of heretofore described air entraining facilities there is no any restrictions.Also
It is when carrying out hydraulic model test, the concrete structures of corresponding air entraining facilities can there are many forms, specifically with actual
Depending on engineering project.It is the air entraining facilities of three kinds of different aerator structures shown in attached drawing 1 to attached drawing 3, it is every
A air entraining facilities are required to that 2 structure of corresponding venthole 1 and aerator is arranged, negative by being formed when flow flows through aerator 2
Pressure, so that air is introduced into realization aeration purpose in flow from the aeration mouth 3 of venthole 1.The present invention only be for how
Determine a kind of method that the size of 1 cross-sectional area of venthole proposes, therefore theoretically in the air entraining facilities of various structures.
It is the practical ventilation of requirement in addition, it may also be noted that if when the cross-sectional area of venthole 1 itself is the case where variation
1 cross-sectional area size of identified venthole by the method for the invention should be not less than in hole 1 at cross-sectional area minimum, so
It can guarantee that the maximum air velocity in entire venthole 1 meets related request.
Below using certain engineering as example, the detailed process of the method that the present invention is further explained：
In high altitude localities, absolute elevation is about 2780m in certain engineering practice of construction place, and during its actual flood discharge
Mean temperature be 10 DEG C；Now the place of testing of hydraulic model test is arranged in interior, the sea of specific test site of low altitude area
Cheng Yuewei 500m are lifted, and actually the temperature on average during progress hydraulic model test is 20 DEG C.It is assumed that passing through hydraulic model
Experiment determines that the venthole cross-sectional area for reaching code requirement experiment is A0=1m2；It is then corresponding by substituting into above-mentioned parameter
Formula obtains after calculating, temperature adjustment coefficient CT=1.1592；Elevation regulation coefficient CH=1.2553.Finally, A is determined1=A0
×CT×CH=1.455m2；Venthole cross-sectional area i.e. corresponding to practice of construction place needs to be set as 1.455m2。
Finally it is pointed out that the method for the invention is accurate theoretical method, this can be passed through in Practical Project
Invention the method determines actual venthole cross-sectional area；It, can be to corresponding data or ginseng meanwhile in Practical Project
Number etc. carries out appropriate round up or small choice.For example, the A finally determined in the examples described above1Practical venthole
Cross-sectional area can use 1.5m2As project construction foundation.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method of determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
A, the absolute elevation H corresponding to the Practical Project place for the flood discharge building for needing to be provided with air entraining facilities is obtained1It (m) and should
Temperature on average T of the place during flood discharge1(℃)；
B, hydraulic model test：Including：
B1, the test site for determining hydraulic model test, and obtain the absolute elevation H corresponding to the test site2(m) it and carries out
Temperature on average T during hydraulic model test2(℃)；
B2, establishment simultaneously carry out hydraulic model test, and the experiment venthole that code requirement is met by hydraulic model test acquisition is disconnected
Face area A0；
C, according to following formula, practical venthole cross-sectional area A is calculated1,
A1=A0×CT×CH；Wherein, CTFor temperature adjustment coefficient, CHFor elevation regulation coefficient, and have：
CT=[(T2+273.15)/(T1+273.15)]4.25588；
CH=[(288.15-0.0065 × H2)/(288.15-0.0065×H1)]4.25588。
2. the method for determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step B2
In, the code requirement is：Corresponding air velocity V in venthole in hydraulic model test0≤60m/s。
3. the method for determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The reality
Border engineering ground is non-Same Site with the test site.
4. the method for determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The practical work
Absolute elevation H corresponding to journey place1More than the absolute elevation H corresponding to test site2。
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| CN201610802362.1A CN106381831B (en) | 2016-09-05 | 2016-09-05 | A kind of method of determining air entraining facilities venthole cross-sectional area |
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| CN108385603B (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2024-01-19 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Hydraulic model test device and method for aerated water flow narrow slit energy dissipater |
| CN114357586B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2023-06-13 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for calculating cross-sectional area of exhaust channel at lower flat section of tunnel plug flood discharge tunnel |
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| TW585952B (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2004-05-01 | Jin-Sung Lai | A sand-adding device and its operation method for hydraulic mobile-bed model test |
| CN102966082B (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Curved formula air entraining facilities under base plate |
| CN104141291B (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-08-31 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Alveolus type aeration ramp |
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