CN104792945B - A kind of rockfill washes away analogue experiment installation and experimental data acquisition method - Google Patents
A kind of rockfill washes away analogue experiment installation and experimental data acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rockfill and wash away analogue experiment installation and experimental data acquisition method, device comprises glass flume, water circulation unit, water control unit, rockfill test cell, data acquisition unit, sample collection unit, centre data collection unit; Water circulation unit is communicated with glass flume; Water control unit is arranged in water circulation unit water delivering orifice, for accurate flow control, water level; Rockfill test cell is arranged on the downstream end of glass flume; Computer control system is connected with water control unit, data acquisition unit, sample collection unit, centre data collection unit respectively; Data acquisition unit is for gathering experiment parameter, and sample collection unit is for gathering the correlated samples of rockfill, and the data collected all are kept in centre data collection unit.The present invention contributes to discrimination rockfill crevasse development path and mechanism, specifies risk and breeds mechanism, for engineering safety assessment provides basic basis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic structure design and rock-soil mechanics characteristic test technical field, particularly a kind of rockfill washes away analogue experiment installation and experimental data acquisition method.
Background technology
Rock-fill dams because of its technical security, economical rationality, environmental friendliness, convenient construction, be easy to the many advantages such as maintenance and be widely used in the mountain area flooding and drying flux river larger than large, big vast low water level luffing, temporary section is crossed the diversion mode that water passes the flood period and is day by day used.Actual and the model experiment observation according to engineering, its temporary section downstream protection slope is crossing the local erosion destruction of the accident under water condition mainly with the domatic building stones in downstream for beginning, erosion damage not only directly jeopardizes stone-filled structure and stablizes, and the workloads such as follow-up foundation ditch cleaning can be increased, the position distribution of scour trough and erosion quantity directly threaten stone-filled structure safety.
International large enrockment Physical Culture and Sports Commission person meeting (ICOLD) nineteen ninety-five, worldwide (except China) 37 rock-fill dams, the mainly statistical study of dam-break flow pointed out that unrestrained top is topmost pattern.Rock-fill dams overflow top cause flood erosion rockfill top formed crevasse, crevasse expand cause the slope slump of rockfill downstream, destroy dam structure stablize; During dam body crosses water, because the domatic overflow in downstream and rockfill thereof permeate the reciprocation of current, dam structure is subject to the combined factors such as infiltration erosion, current scour, saturated pore water pressure and destroys, as preventive measure are unreasonable, easy generation sheet erosion or failure by leaking cause structural failure or seepage failure, finally to burst, visible flood erosion rockfill is the main risk sources of enrockment dam body accident, and the erosion damage mechanism that the temporary section of enrockment dam body crosses downstream protection slope when water is passed the flood period is the important topic being worth further investigation.
At present both at home and abroad mostly correlation model experimental provision is the Scouring Characteristic investigating the flat mask in Lower Hydraulic Structure district or long channel deposits, there is no directly measure when rockfill crosses water under certain scouring state relevant waterpower index, scouring patterns, wash away the scouring experiment device of size, unstability building stones grain composition and distribution.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of rockfill and washing away analogue experiment installation and experimental data acquisition method.
The technical scheme that experimental provision of the present invention adopts is: a kind of rockfill washes away analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: comprise glass flume, water circulation unit, water control unit, rockfill test cell, data acquisition unit, sample collection unit, centre data collection unit and sand basin, automatically tail water page turning gate, tail lock automatic control system, computer control system; Be provided with rockfill in described rockfill test cell, be provided with antiseepage clay layer and building stones ballast district; Described sand basin is arranged on described glass flume downstream portion, is communicated with described glass flume by described automatic tail water page turning gate; Described automatic tail water page turning gate is provided with tail lock automatic control system; Described sand basin is provided with scouring sluice and water delivering orifice, and the water outlet of water delivering orifice is circulated to described water circulation unit by backwater gallery; Described tail lock automatic control system is made up of the servo-driver of motor, band RS485 PORT COM, be connected the RS232 serial ports end of computer control system with RS485/RS232 converter by RS485 hub, the downstream real time water level information in conjunction with computer control system collection forms accurate close-loop feedback to the level of tail water and controls; Described water circulation unit is communicated with described glass flume; Described water control unit is arranged in described water circulation unit water delivering orifice, for accurate flow control, water level; Described rockfill test cell is arranged on the downstream end of described glass flume; Described computer control system is connected with described water control unit, data acquisition unit, sample collection unit, centre data collection unit respectively; Described data acquisition unit is for gathering washing away Shape Indexes, scour depth index, washing away broadening index, Erosion Length index of experiment, the depth of water index of each coordinate position, velocity parameters, described sample collection unit is for gathering the correlated samples of rockfill, and the data collected all are kept in described centre data collection unit.
As preferably, described water circulation unit comprises cyclic water tank, pump machine equipment, first conduit pipe, second conduit pipe, first current regulator, second current regulator, first water inlet, second water inlet, first current are converged in the cyclic water tank that is arranged on above described experimental provision by described pump machine equipment, described cyclic water tank lower end is connected with the first described conduit pipe and the second conduit pipe respectively, the first described conduit pipe and the second conduit pipe end respectively with the first described current regulator, second current regulator connects, the first described current regulator, the outlet of the second current regulator with respectively with the first water inlet be arranged in described glass flume, second water inlet connects, and it is concordant with the base plate of glass flume, through the first described current regulator, after second current regulator three road decompression rectification, thus ensure the first water inlet, second water inlet to go out levelling suitable.
As preferably, the first described current regulator, the second current regulator are formed by three layers of cavity, and every layer of cavity establishes one section of opening, and each cavities open staggers, for cutting down flow energy, stabilization of fluidized.
As preferably, described water control unit comprises the first electromagnetic flowmeter and the second electromagnetic flowmeter of supporting RS485 communication and MODBUS standard agreement, be separately positioned in the first conduit pipe in described water circulation unit, the second conduit pipe, and the RS232 serial ports end of computer control system is connected to by RS485 hub, RS485/RS232 converter, realize flow instruction by computer control system operation and issue and digital independent.
As preferably, described data acquisition unit comprises the thin bar of threaded telescoping mechanism, net grid support, automatic water level measuring instrument, longitudinal slide rail, the support of longitudinal slide rail, horizontal slide rail, ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument, supporting plate, flow field real-time traffic instrument; Described rockfill is arranged on described glass flume downstream end, and its vertical direction is disposed with automatic water level measuring instrument, ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument, flow field real-time traffic instrument from low to high; The thin bar two ends rubber of described threaded telescoping mechanism wraps up, in testing, regulate screw telescopic mechanism to make thin bar withstand unlikely on described glass flume inwall coming off, and evenly choose the automatic water level measuring instrument described in 5 node erection bindings in the middle part of thin bar; Described net grid support is built by described thin bar, and when described thin bar installs, namely net grid support is put up; Described longitudinal slide rail is fixedly mounted on described glass flume outer wall, described ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument is arranged on described horizontal slide rail, can transverse shifting flexibly, described horizontal slide rail is arranged on described longitudinal slide rail and supports, described longitudinal slide rail supports to be rabbeted with longitudinal slide rail activity, move for supporting described horizontal slide rail, described ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument can be moved freely in two dimensional surface; Described supporting plate movable stand stands and is arranged on described glass flume two flank top, for fixedly mounting described flow field real-time traffic instrument.
As preferably, the thin bar of described threaded telescoping mechanism is provided with 7 altogether.
As preferably, the typical building stones information on the net grid support transversal section that described sample collection unit is arranged in image data collecting unit.
As preferably, described rockfill upstream is equipped with antiseepage clay layer and building stones ballast district successively, meet the similar important document of Elasticity, test the height marker of rockfill, width index, upstream and downstream gradient index, leakage preventing structure index, graded properties index, building stones characteristic index, bank protection characteristic index as control variable.
The technical scheme that method of the present invention adopts is: a kind of rockfill washes away the experimental data acquisition method of simulated experiment, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the flow parameter of contrived experiment group, downstream preliminary filling water level parameters, structural parameters, bank protection characterisitic parameter; By each parameters input computer control system, background synchronization parameter, in the database of centre data collection unit, sets up new working state recording; Experiment enrockment body Model is filled according to the parameter of rockfill in glass flume;
Step 2: according to downstream preliminary filling water level design load, that tentatively drafts the second electromagnetic flowmeter goes out water number, utilize the automatic tail water page turning in downstream gate linkage to regulate and make the level of tail water keep stable, realize the accurate fast dynamic response of the level of tail water by tail lock automatic control system; Open the first electromagnetic flowmeter gradually to upstream flow design value, open automatic water level measuring instrument, ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument, flow field real-time traffic instrument, synchrodata information is in the database of centre data collection unit; The identification of video mode recognition technology is utilized to wash away phenomenon until local scour is stablized, the time that record washes away beginning automatically, generation is stablized in local scour;
Step 3: after there is local scour steady state (SS), sending to tail lock automatic control system regulates the level of tail water to the instruction equaling real-time upper pond level elevation, rely on the quick response of tail lock automatic control system, conversion overcurrent is submerge discharging flow, fix scouring patterns, avoids downstream to wash away and further develop; Regulating screw telescopic mechanism to shorten thin bar makes it depart from glass flume inwall, withdraw automatic water level measuring instrument and net grid support, start ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument scanning rockfill bank protection face, the elevation and the coordinate information that gather each point are synchronized in the database of centre data collection unit; Again set up automatic water level measuring instrument and net grid support after topographical surveying, gather wash away place's building stones sample carry out interior industry analysis be washed building stones grain diameter characteristic value and in the database of typing centre data collection unit;
Step 4: suitably reduce upland water flow and make upper pond level be reduced to below rockfill model height, sending to tail lock automatic control system regulates the level of tail water to the instruction designing pre-water-filling water level value to reduce the level of tail water gradually, send adjust flux to the instruction of design discharge value to the first electromagnetic flowmeter and reduce upper pond level gradually, the scouring state before recovery water levelx regulates;
Step 5: wash away and carry out a data acquisition, sample collection every 10s, until rockfill reaches steady state (SS), repeat step 3, step 4, the chosen position of subsequent samples is not limited to washes away place, overall situation sampling is carried out according to the net point coordinate of net grid support, building stones sample and video data is treated is synchronized in the database of centre data collection unit, obtains complete centre data collection.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows when keeping the original scouring state of rockfill and the contiguous observation station of not disturbance samples, direct collection rockfill crosses relevant waterpower index, scouring patterns, the parameter such as the grain composition of washing away unstability building stones and distribution under water condition, set up and comprise the centre data collection of each correlation parameter, by the secondary development of data-interface with visualized graphs ways of presentation quickly and easily to washing away and mechanism analysis of bursting.The drawback that complicated manual operation in avoiding conventional model to test, low data collection rate and multi-class data not easily gather simultaneously, have definite principle, efficient observation, result accurately, operative intelligence, the feature that is simple and easy to.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the experimental provision structural front view of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2: the experimental provision A-A side cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3: the rockfill model sectional schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4: the experimental provision automatic control system structural drawing of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5: the tail lock automatic control system structural drawing of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6: the centre data collection cell data structural drawing of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7: the rockfill of the embodiment of the present invention washes away simulated experiment enforcement figure.
Embodiment
Understand for the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art and implement the present invention, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail, should be appreciated that exemplifying embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Ask for an interview Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, a kind of rockfill provided by the invention washes away analogue experiment installation, comprises glass flume 1, water circulation unit, water control unit, rockfill test cell, data acquisition unit, sample collection unit, centre data collection unit and sand basin 4, automatically tail water page turning gate 24, tail lock automatic control system 25, computer control system 27, rockfill 14 is provided with in rockfill test cell, rockfill 14 upstream is equipped with antiseepage clay and ballast building stones successively, meet the similar important document of Elasticity, test the height marker of rockfill, width index, upstream and downstream gradient index, leakage preventing structure index, graded properties index, building stones characteristic index, bank protection characteristic index as control variable, sand basin 4 is arranged on bottom glass flume 1, by glass flume 1 in automatic tail water page turning gate 24 and is communicated with, automatic tail water page turning gate 24 is provided with tail lock automatic control system 25, sand basin 4 is provided with scouring sluice 3 and water delivering orifice 28, and the water outlet of water delivering orifice 28 is circulated to water circulation unit by backwater gallery, tail lock automatic control system 25 is made up of the servo-driver of motor, band RS485 PORT COM, be connected the RS232 serial ports end of computer control system 27 with RS485/RS232 converter by RS485 hub, the downstream real time water level information in conjunction with computer collection forms accurate close-loop feedback to the level of tail water and controls, water circulation unit comprises cyclic water tank 2, pump machine equipment 5, first conduit pipe 6, second conduit pipe 7, first current regulator 10, second current regulator 11, first water inlet 12, second water inlet 13, first current regulator 10, second current regulator 11 is formed by three layer concrete cavitys, every layer of cavity establishes one section of opening, each cavities open staggers, for cutting down flow energy, stabilization of fluidized, first current are converged in the cyclic water tank 2 that is arranged on above experimental provision by pump machine equipment 5, cyclic water tank 2 lower end is connected with the first conduit pipe 6 and the second conduit pipe 7 respectively, first conduit pipe 6 and the second conduit pipe 7 end respectively with the first current regulator 10, second current regulator 11 connects, first current regulator 10, the outlet of the second current regulator 11 with respectively with the first water inlet 12 be arranged in glass flume 1, second water inlet 13 connects, and it is concordant with the base plate of glass flume 1, through the first current regulator 10, after second current regulator 11 3 road decompression rectification, thus ensure the first water inlet 12, second water inlet 13 to go out levelling suitable, water control unit comprises the first electromagnetic flowmeter 8 and the second electromagnetic flowmeter 9 supporting RS485 communication and MODBUS standard agreement, be separately positioned in the first conduit pipe 6, second conduit pipe 7 in water circulation unit, and the RS232 serial ports end of computer control system 27 is connected to by RS485/RS232 converter 26, realize flow instruction by computer control system 27 operation and issue and digital independent, data acquisition unit comprises the thin bar 15 of threaded telescoping mechanism, net grid support 16, automatic water level measuring instrument 17, longitudinal slide rail 18, longitudinal slide rail support 19, horizontal slide rail 20, ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument 21, supporting plate 22, flow field real-time traffic instrument 23, the thin bar 15 of threaded telescoping mechanism is provided with 7 altogether, rockfill 14 is arranged on the downstream end of glass flume 1, and its vertical direction is disposed with automatic water level measuring instrument 17, ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument 21, flow field real-time traffic instrument 23 from low to high, the thin bar 15 two ends rubber of threaded telescoping mechanism wraps up, in experiment, regulate screw telescopic mechanism to make thin bar 15 withstand unlikely on glass flume 1 inwall coming off, and evenly chooses 5 node erection binding automatic water level measuring instruments 17 in the middle part of thin bar 15, net grid support 16 is built by thin bar 15, and when thin bar 15 installs, namely net grid support 16 is put up, longitudinal slide rail 18 is fixedly mounted on glass flume 1 outer wall, ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument 21 is arranged on horizontal slide rail 20, can transverse shifting flexibly, horizontal slide rail 20 is arranged on longitudinal slide rail and supports on 19, longitudinal slide rail supports 19 and rabbets with longitudinal slide rail 18 activity, move for supporting horizontal slide rail 20, ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument 21 can be moved freely in two dimensional surface, supporting plate 22 movable stand stands in glass flume 1 liang of flank top, for fixedly mounting flow field real-time traffic instrument 23, typical building stones on net grid support 16 transversal section that sample collection unit is arranged in image data collecting unit, water circulation unit is communicated with glass flume 1, water control unit is arranged in water circulation unit water delivering orifice, for accurate flow control, water level, rockfill test cell is arranged on the downstream end of glass flume 1, computer control system 27 is connected with water control unit, data acquisition unit, sample collection unit, centre data collection unit respectively, data acquisition unit is for gathering washing away shape, scour depth, washing away broadening, Erosion Length of experiment, the parameter index such as the depth of water, flow velocity of each coordinate position, typical building stones information on net grid support 16 transversal section that sample collection unit is arranged in image data collecting unit, the data collected all are kept in centre data collection unit.
The present embodiment is at glass flume 1 limit, rockfill 14 catchment wall top placement activity supporting plate 22, supporting plate 22 sets up flow field real-time measurement instrument, adjustment visual field object is rockfill bank protection face, for obtaining flow speed data more accurately, puts into special trace particle in advance in water body.
The present embodiment forms grid array setting up multiple automatic water level measuring instrument (AWMS) above rockfill mask, utilize non-contact ultrasonic level sensor, realize aquatic measurement, noiseless to the water surface, be suitable for clear water and muddy water, use wireless transport module (or RS485 hub) to realize multichannel water level wireless synchronization and collect in database, use Lagrangian two-dimensional interpolation algorithm to obtain within the scope of grid water level information everywhere.Above automatic water level measuring instrument, set up flow field real-time measurement instrument (VDMS), utilize Particle tracking velocity measuring technique (PTV) to carry out visual range and synchronously test the speed and monitor, synchrodata is to background computer.Wash away overlying regions at mask emphasis and lay the ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument (TTMS) of slide rail type, each wash away gap periods after carry out a rockfill bank protection Surface scan, connect computer and generate the information such as the coordinate elevation of three-dimensional land map and point, draw a contour line, automatically calculate scour and fill.All appts image data information is all transferred to the visualization interface of computer control system (the present embodiment is computer), convenient monitoring and input of control commands.
The present embodiment sets up laterally 7 row racks above rockfill bank protection face, support automatic water level measuring instrument and play air coordinates positioning action, each wash away gap periods after gather the typical building stones at each grid coordinate position place on rockfill bank protection face, emphasis collection analysis is carried out to the hole cavity feature building stones that rush of rockfill, can suitably increase or reduce the dense degree gathered if desired.
Ask for an interview Fig. 6, the present embodiment sets up centre data collection unit on the server, its data set organization comprises operating mode feature, stone-filled structure, bank protection feature, wash away parameter, depth of water parameter, flow parameters and building stones parameter, operating mode feature comprises again the pre-water-filling water level of flow and downstream, stone-filled structure comprises again rockfill height, width, horizontal span, leakage preventing structure and partition characteristics, bank protection feature comprises again building stones grating, viscosity system, shearing resistance, packing, wash away parameter and comprise again operating mode name, wash away shape, scour depth, wash away broadening, Erosion Length and videograph, depth of water parameter comprises again operating mode name, coordinate position and the depth of water, flow parameters comprises again operating mode name, coordinate position and flow speed value, building stones parameter comprises again operating mode name, coordinate position and building stones particle diameter, the relevant design parameter instruction that the present embodiment is inputted by computer end is automatically stored in centre data collection unit, the Various types of data information gathered by sensor is first transferred to computer end, utilize interfacing to extract transform and be loaded into centre data collection unit, renewal can be transferred at any time as required.Analyzed by software transfer centre data collection cell parameters, the time domain three-dimensional plot of building stones particle diameter, building stones migration, jet-bedding size, crevasse size, the rockfill degree of depth and waterpower index can be generated to each section, corresponding time domain X-Y scheme can be generated to each coordinate points, simultaneously exportable multiple special form: stone-filled structure parameter list, building stones parameter list, wash away parameter list etc., building stones moving distribution feature, scouring patterns Characteristics of Evolution, crevasse Characteristics of Development can be obtained by contrasting each time-domain diagram, can quantitative analysis model be set up in conjunction with relevant waterpower index.
Ask for an interview Fig. 7, a kind of rockfill provided by the invention washes away the experimental data acquisition method of simulated experiment, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the flow, downstream preliminary filling water level, stone-filled structure parameter, characterisitic parameter etc. of contrived experiment group, by each parameters input computer control system 27, background synchronization parameter, to database, sets up working state recording.Experiment enrockment body Model is filled according to parameters such as the subregion of rockfill, building stones grating, cut surface characters in glass flume.Install thin bar to the fixed position in frame side, regulating screw telescopic mechanism that thin bar is withstood, dual-side wall is unlikely comes off, and each thin bar lays automatic water level measuring instrument on request.Longitudinal slide rail of tank limit wall sets up shape measuring instrument ultrasonically, supporting plate sets up flow field real-time measurement instrument, adjustment real-time measurement instrument visual angle, flow field also fixedly makes just to protecting slope flow.
Step 2: according to downstream preliminary filling water level design load, that tentatively drafts the second electromagnetic flowmeter 9 goes out water number, utilize the automatic tail water page turning in downstream gate 24 adjustment that links to make the level of tail water keep stable, realize the accurate fast dynamic response of the level of tail water by tail lock automatic control system 25; Open the first electromagnetic flowmeter 8 to upstream flow design value gradually, open automatic water level measuring instrument 17(20HZ), ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument 21, flow field real-time traffic instrument 23(1HZ), synchrodata information is in the database of centre data collection unit; Utilize and wash away phenomenon until local scour is stablized based on the video mode recognition technology identification of OPENCV interface exploitation of increasing income, record washes away time of origin automatically, local scour stabilization time.
Step 3: after there is local scour steady state (SS), sending to tail lock automatic control system 25 regulates the level of tail water to the instruction equaling real-time upper pond level elevation, rely on the quick response of tail lock automatic control system 25, conversion overcurrent is submerge discharging flow, fix scouring patterns, avoids downstream to wash away and further develop; Regulating screw telescopic mechanism to shorten thin bar makes it depart from glass flume inwall, temporarily withdraw automatic water level measuring instrument 17 and net grid support 16, start ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument 21 and scan rockfill bank protection face, the elevation and the coordinate information that gather each point are synchronized in the database of centre data collection unit; Again set up automatic water level measuring instrument 17 and net grid support 16 after topographical surveying, gather wash away place's building stones sample carry out interior industry analysis be washed building stones grain diameter characteristic value and in the database of typing centre data collection unit;
Step 4: suitably reduce upland water flow and make upper pond level be reduced to below rockfill model height, sending to tail lock automatic control system 25 regulates the level of tail water to the instruction designing pre-water-filling water level value to reduce the level of tail water gradually, send adjust flux to the instruction of design discharge value to the first electromagnetic flowmeter 8 and reduce upper pond level gradually, the scouring state before recovery water levelx regulates;
Step 5: wash away and carry out a data acquisition, sample collection every 10s, until rockfill 14 reaches steady state (SS), repeat step 3, step 4, the chosen position of subsequent samples is not limited to washes away place, overall situation sampling is carried out according to the net point coordinate of net grid support 16, building stones sample and video data is treated is synchronized in the database of centre data collection unit, obtains complete centre data collection.
The present invention is when keeping the original scouring state of rockfill and the contiguous observation station of not disturbance samples, direct collection rockfill is relevant waterpower index under crossing water condition, scouring patterns, unstability building stones grain composition and the isoparametric scouring experiment device that distributes, set up the centre data collection comprising each correlation parameter index, contribute to each time-domain diagram of discrimination rockfill, obtain building stones moving distribution feature, scouring patterns Characteristics of Evolution, crevasse Characteristics of Development and Form Development feature thereof, quantize to wash away analytical model in conjunction with waterpower Index Establishment, the present invention contributes to discrimination rockfill crevasse development path and mechanism, specify risk and breed mechanism, for engineering safety assessment provides underlying parameter.
Although this instructions more employs water circulation unit, water control unit, rockfill test cell, data acquisition unit, sample collection unit, centre data collection unit and glass flume 1, cyclic water tank 2, scouring sluice 3, sand basin 4, pump machine equipment 5, first conduit pipe 6, second conduit pipe 7, first electromagnetic flowmeter 8, second electromagnetic flowmeter 9, first current regulator 10, second current regulator 11, first water inlet 12, second water inlet 13, rockfill 14, the thin bar 15 of threaded telescoping mechanism, net grid support 16, automatic water level measuring instrument 17, longitudinal slide rail 18, longitudinal slide rail supports 19, horizontal slide rail 20, ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument 21, supporting plate 22, flow field real-time traffic instrument 23, automatic tail water page turning gate 24, tail lock automatic control system 25, RS485/RS232 converter 26, computer control system 27, term such as water delivering orifice 28 grade, but do not get rid of the possibility using other terms.Use these terms to be only used to describe essence of the present invention more easily, the restriction that they are construed to any one additional is all contrary with spirit of the present invention.
Should be understood that, the part that this instructions does not elaborate all belongs to prior art.
Should be understood that; the above-mentioned description for preferred embodiment is comparatively detailed; therefore the restriction to scope of patent protection of the present invention can not be thought; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; do not departing under the ambit that the claims in the present invention protect; can also make and replacing or distortion, all fall within protection scope of the present invention, request protection domain of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (8)
1. rockfill washes away an analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: comprise glass flume (1), water circulation unit, water control unit, rockfill test cell, data acquisition unit, sample collection unit, centre data collection unit and sand basin (4), automatically tail water page turning gate (24), tail lock automatic control system (25), computer control system (27); Be provided with rockfill (14) in described rockfill test cell, rockfill (14) be provided with antiseepage clay layer and building stones ballast district;
Described sand basin (4) is arranged on described glass flume (1) downstream portion, is communicated with described glass flume (1) by described automatic tail water page turning gate (24); Described automatic tail water page turning gate (24) is provided with tail lock automatic control system (25); Described sand basin (4) is provided with scouring sluice (3) and water delivering orifice (28), and the water outlet of water delivering orifice (28) is circulated to described water circulation unit by backwater gallery; Described tail lock automatic control system (25) is made up of the servo-driver of motor, band RS485 PORT COM, be connected the RS232 serial ports end of computer control system (27) with RS485/RS232 converter by RS485 hub, the downstream real time water level information gathered in conjunction with computer control system (27) forms the control of accurate close-loop feedback to the level of tail water;
Described water circulation unit is communicated with described glass flume (1); Described water control unit is arranged in described water circulation unit water delivering orifice, for accurate flow control, water level; Described rockfill test cell is arranged on the downstream end of described glass flume (1); Described computer control system (27) is connected with described water control unit, data acquisition unit, sample collection unit, centre data collection unit respectively; Described data acquisition unit is for gathering washing away Shape Indexes, scour depth index, washing away broadening index, Erosion Length index, the depth of water index of each coordinate position, velocity parameters of experiment; Described sample collection unit is for gathering the correlated samples of rockfill; The data collected all are kept in described centre data collection unit.
2. rockfill according to claim 1 washes away analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: described water circulation unit comprises cyclic water tank (2), pump machine equipment (5), first conduit pipe (6), second conduit pipe (7), first current regulator (10), second current regulator (11), first water inlet (12), second water inlet (13), first current are converged in the cyclic water tank (2) that is arranged on above described experimental provision by described pump machine equipment (5), described cyclic water tank (2) lower end is connected with described the first conduit pipe (6) and the second conduit pipe (7) respectively, described the first conduit pipe (6) and the second conduit pipe (7) end respectively with described the first current regulator (10), second current regulator (11) connects, described the first current regulator (10), the outlet of the second current regulator (11) with respectively with the first water inlet (12) be arranged in described glass flume (1), second water inlet (13) connects, and concordant with the base plate of glass flume (1), through described the first current regulator (10), after second current regulator (11) three road decompression rectification, thus ensure the first water inlet (12), second water inlet (13) to go out levelling suitable.
3. rockfill according to claim 2 washes away analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: described the first current regulator (10), the second current regulator (11) are formed by three layers of cavity, every layer of cavity establishes one section of opening, and each cavities open staggers, for cutting down flow energy, stabilization of fluidized.
4. rockfill according to claim 1 washes away analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: described water control unit comprises the first electromagnetic flowmeter (8) and the second electromagnetic flowmeter (9) of supporting RS485 communication and MODBUS standard agreement, be separately positioned on the first conduit pipe (6) in described water circulation unit, in second conduit pipe (7), and by RS485 hub, RS485/RS232 converter (26) is connected to the RS232 serial ports end of computer control system (27), realize flow instruction by computer control system (27) operation to issue and digital independent.
5. rockfill according to claim 1 washes away analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: described data acquisition unit comprises the thin bar (15) of threaded telescoping mechanism, net grid support (16), automatic water level measuring instrument (17), longitudinal slide rail (18), longitudinal slide rail support (19), horizontal slide rail (20), ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument (21), supporting plate (22), flow field real-time traffic instrument (23); Described rockfill (14) is arranged on the downstream end of described glass flume (1), and rockfill (14) vertical direction is disposed with automatic water level measuring instrument (17), ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument (21), flow field real-time traffic instrument (23) from low to high; Thin bar (15) the two ends rubber of described threaded telescoping mechanism wraps up, in experiment, regulate screw telescopic mechanism to make thin bar (15) withstand unlikely on described glass flume (1) inwall coming off, and evenly choose the automatic water level measuring instrument (17) described in 5 node erection bindings at thin bar (15) middle part; Described net grid support (16) is built by described thin bar (15), and when described thin bar (15) installs, net grid support (16) is namely put up; Described longitudinal slide rail (18) is fixedly mounted on described glass flume (1) outer wall, described ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument (21) is arranged on described horizontal slide rail (20), can transverse shifting flexibly, described horizontal slide rail (20) is arranged on described longitudinal slide rail and supports on (19), described longitudinal slide rail supports (19) and rabbets with longitudinal slide rail (18) activity, mobile for supporting described horizontal slide rail (20), described ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument (21) can be moved freely in two dimensional surface; Described supporting plate (22) movable stand stands in described glass flume (1) two flank top, for fixedly mounting described flow field real-time traffic instrument (23).
6. rockfill according to claim 5 washes away analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: the thin bar (15) of described threaded telescoping mechanism is provided with 7 altogether.
7. rockfill according to claim 1 washes away analogue experiment installation, it is characterized in that: described sample collection unit is for gathering the building stones parameter information on net grid support (16) transversal section.
8. utilize the rockfill described in claim 1 to wash away analogue experiment installation and carry out the experimental data acquisition method that rockfill washes away simulated experiment, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the flow parameter of contrived experiment group, downstream preliminary filling water level parameters, structural parameters, bank protection characterisitic parameter; By each parameters input computer control system (27), background synchronization parameter, in the database of centre data collection unit, sets up working state recording; Experiment enrockment body Model is filled according to the parameter of rockfill (14) in glass flume (1);
Step 2: according to downstream preliminary filling water level design load, that tentatively drafts the second electromagnetic flowmeter (9) goes out water number, utilize the automatic tail water page turning in downstream gate (24) interlock adjustment to make the level of tail water keep stable, realize the accurate fast dynamic response of the level of tail water by tail lock automatic control system (25); Open the first electromagnetic flowmeter (8) gradually to upstream flow design value, open automatic water level measuring instrument (17), ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument (21), flow field real-time traffic instrument (23), synchrodata information is in the database of centre data collection unit; The identification of video mode recognition technology is utilized to wash away phenomenon until local scour is stablized, the time that record washes away beginning automatically, generation is stablized in local scour;
Step 3: after there is local scour steady state (SS), sending to tail lock automatic control system (25) regulates the level of tail water to the instruction equaling real-time upper pond level elevation, rely on the quick response of tail lock automatic control system (25), conversion overcurrent is submerge discharging flow, fix scouring patterns, avoids downstream to wash away and further develop; Regulating screw telescopic mechanism to shorten thin bar makes net grid support (16) depart from glass flume inwall, withdraw automatic water level measuring instrument (17) and net grid support (16), start ultrasonic landform automatic measuring instrument (21) scanning rockfill bank protection face, the elevation and the coordinate information that gather each point are synchronized in the database of centre data collection unit; Again set up automatic water level measuring instrument (17) and net grid support (16) after topographical surveying, gather wash away place's building stones sample carry out interior industry analysis be washed building stones grain diameter characteristic value and in the database of typing centre data collection unit;
Step 4: suitably reduce upland water flow and make upper pond level be reduced to below rockfill model height, sending to tail lock automatic control system (25) regulates the level of tail water to the instruction designing pre-water-filling water level value to reduce the level of tail water gradually, send adjust flux to the instruction of design discharge value to the first electromagnetic flowmeter (8) and reduce upper pond level gradually, the scouring state before recovery water levelx regulates;
Step 5: wash away and carry out a data acquisition, sample collection every 10s, until rockfill (14) reaches steady state (SS), repeat step 3, step 4, the chosen position of subsequent samples is not limited to washes away place, overall situation sampling is carried out according to the net point coordinate of net grid support (16), building stones sample and video data is treated is synchronized in the database of centre data collection unit, obtains complete centre data collection.
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| CN108508183A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-07 | 同济大学 | A kind of test soil body resists the laboratory testing rig of local scour ability |
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| CN110441112B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2023-11-10 | 西南石油大学 | A closely knit forming device of rock-fill body for collapsing unstability experiment |
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