CN106376295B

CN106376295B - Harvester with threshing, separating and cleaning device with working parameters capable of being adjusted in self-adaptive mode

Info

Publication number: CN106376295B
Application number: CN201610846861.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李耀明; 梁振伟; 徐立章
Original assignee: Jiangsu University
Current assignee: Jiangsu University
Priority date: 2016-09-26
Filing date: 2016-09-26
Publication date: 2020-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 2036-09-26
Also published as: CN106376295A

Abstract

The invention relates to a harvester with a threshing separation and cleaning device with working parameters capable of being adjusted in a self-adaptive mode. The measurement and control system controls the rotating speed of the second separation roller and the angle of the guide strip on the second separation roller top cover guide strip angle adjusting device, so that the combined harvester can work in the optimal operation state with the minimum grain entrainment loss rate and grain bin grain breakage rate. The combined harvester can automatically adjust various working parameters according to the working quality in the working process, improves the production efficiency, controls the failure rate within a certain range, and greatly improves the non-failure working time and the adaptability of the whole machine.

Description

Harvester with threshing, separating and cleaning device with working parameters capable of being adjusted in self-adaptive mode

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of self-adaptive control of combine harvesters, and particularly relates to a harvester with a threshing separation and cleaning device, and working parameters of the cleaning device can be adjusted in a self-adaptive manner.

Background

Advanced agricultural equipment is rapidly absorbing and applying achievements of electronic information technology development, and agricultural machinery automation and intellectualization are development trends of modern agricultural equipment. The foreign research on the automation and intellectualization of the combined harvester has achieved abundant results. For example, Huisman, Voo Loo and Heijning judge the feeding amount by detecting the torque of an auger, control the operation speed, Kruse and Krutz control the operation speed by the load of an engine, Andersen describes that the operation speed is controlled by detecting the volume of harvested grains, and the Japanese Potention field PR0481-M type combined harvester adopts a rubber track and a semi-feeding type axial flow roller, and has the functions of automatic load display, automatic direction control, automatic feeding amount adjustment, automatic engine stop and automatic oil injection during overload and the like; the combine harvester of companies such as Netherlands, Diels and the like is provided with systems such as electronic information display, electronic driving control and the like, and the systems mainly control the conventional parameters of the combine harvester, such as the rotating speed of an engine, the pressure and temperature of engine oil, the quantity of fuel, voltage and the like, and also control the random working performance parameters, such as the actual running speed, the rotating speed of a power output shaft, the working area, the working efficiency, the working time and the like; the 'Field Star' system terminal of Massey Ferguson corporation in England has a very important system diagnosis function, once the system has a fault, a user can find the fault through a diagnosis tool, and therefore the fault is rapidly solved. In recent years, a great deal of research is done in China on the aspect of improving the automation and intelligence level of the combine harvester, certain achievements are obtained, and the gap between the combine harvester and the foreign advanced technology is shortened. For example, the feeding amount is detected by adopting the pressure of an inclined conveyor to a bottom plate in medium warfare and the like, and a threshing system simulation controller and a simulation control test bed taking a single chip microcomputer as a core are designed by establishing a grain motion mathematical model and a power consumption model in a threshing space. The yew bin utilizes the torque of a feeding driving shaft to detect the feeding amount in real time, designs a neural network controller to control the operation speed, detects the feeding amount by the oil pressure of a roller driving hydraulic system, predicts the walking speed by fuzzy control, and utilizes a PID algorithm to control the operation speed; a threshing cylinder and a speed monitoring system of each working shaft are developed by the university of eight agricultural reclamation in Heilongjiang; the university of Jiangsu develops a rotating speed alarm device of a rotating part of a combine harvester based on a Hall sensor and an 89C51 singlechip; a grain entrainment loss monitoring method and a grain entrainment loss monitoring sensor are provided by Jiangsu university, and a threshing cylinder rotating speed monitoring system of a combined harvester is developed by northwest agriculture and forestry science and technology university.

From the research on the automatic control of the combine harvester at home and abroad, the application of the advanced information technology and the intelligent control technology to the combine harvester is a necessary trend for the automatic control development of the combine harvester. The above research provides many ideas for the automatic control of the combine harvester, but there are also certain limitations: (1) the research objects are mainly focused on the load of the threshing cylinder, other working parameters are rarely considered, the research objects mostly belong to a control system with a single input control signal, and the defects of hysteresis or inaccurate parameter detection exist; (2) most of the research is in the experimental stage, and the actual automatic control system and the corresponding actuating mechanism are not developed to be applied to the combine harvester. Therefore, the high-performance multi-input multi-output combined harvester operation state self-adaptive control system is an important premise for ensuring the operation performance of the combined harvester.

Disclosure of Invention

Earlier studies show that the power consumption, the rotating speed and the angle of the guide strip in the top cover of the threshing roller of the second separating roller are main factors influencing the grain entrainment loss rate and the grain bin grain breakage rate. The invention provides a combine harvester with a threshing and separating device, which can adjust working parameters of the threshing and separating device in a self-adaptive manner, in order to realize the purpose that the working parameters of the threshing and separating device can be adjusted in real time according to monitored performance parameters in the working process of the combine harvester.

The invention realizes the technical purpose through the following technical means: the utility model provides a combine harvester of threshing and separating device working parameter self-adaptation regulation, includes that the second breaks away from cylinder top cap gib block angle adjusting device, and the second breaks away from the cylinder, and the second breaks away from cylinder consumption measurement dress, hydraulic motor, support, seed grain smuggle loss monitoring system secretly, and the first cylinder that breaks away from, defeated grain screw feeder perpendicularly, seed grain trash content, percentage of damage monitoring devices and observing and controlling system. The second breaks away from roller top cap gib block angle adjusting device and is located the second and breaks away from the top cap of the cylinder top, and hydraulic motor is located the second and breaks away from the afterbody of cylinder, and hydraulic motor and second break away from the cylinder and pass through the shaft coupling and link to each other, and the second breaks away from the cylinder consumption measuring device and is located the second and breaks away from between cylinder and the hydraulic motor. The second separating roller power consumption measuring device and the hydraulic motor are fixed on the wall of the combine harvester through a bracket. The first detaching roller is located in front of the second detaching roller. The kernel entrainment loss monitoring system is arranged at the rear part of the second separation roller separation concave plate, and the kernel impurity rate and breakage rate monitoring device is arranged on the outer wall of the vertical grain conveying auger. Still include the system of observing and controling, the input of observing and controlling the system with the second breaks away from cylinder consumption measuring device, hydraulic motor, seed grain and smugglies loss monitoring system, seed grain and contains miscellaneous rate, percentage of damage monitoring devices and links to each other, the output of observing and controlling the system with hydraulic motor and second break away from cylinder top cap gib block angle adjusting device, are used for the control regulation the second breaks away from the rotational speed of cylinder with the second breaks away from the angle of cylinder top cap gib block angle adjusting device's gib block.

In the scheme, the angle adjusting device for the second separation roller top cover guide strip comprises a linear electric cylinder, an adjusting rod, a guide strip, a first bearing plate, a second bearing plate, a first U-shaped rotating shaft, a second U-shaped rotating shaft and a third U-shaped rotating shaft. The linear electric cylinder and the adjusting rod are located on the outer side of the second separation roller top cover, and the guide strip, the bearing plate I, the bearing plate II, the U-shaped rotating shaft I, the U-shaped rotating shaft II and the U-shaped rotating shaft III are located on the inner side of the second separation roller top cover. The guide strip is installed on the second bearing plate. The bearing plate I is installed on the second separating roller top cover through the upper ends of the U-shaped rotating shaft I and the U-shaped rotating shaft II. The bearing plate II is arranged at the lower ends of the U-shaped rotating shaft I and the U-shaped rotating shaft II. The bearing plate I is connected with the bearing plate II through a U-shaped rotating shaft III. During operation, the adjusting rod drives the first U-shaped rotating shaft to rotate under the pushing of the linear electric cylinder, drives the bearing plate to translate, drives the guide strip to rotate, and further realizes the adjustment of the angle of the guide strip.

In the above scheme, grain tank impurity rate, percentage of damage monitoring devices comprises the guard shield, sample groove drive shaft, the limiting plate, the slide to one side, the vibration exciter, the conveyer belt, the monitoring groove, dust-proof glass, the spectrum appearance, the mounting bracket, signal line and sample groove driving motor. The shield is welded on the outer wall of the vertical seed auger, and the sampling groove is arranged on the shield by utilizing a sampling groove driving shaft and a bearing; the shaft head at one end of the sampling groove driving shaft extends out of the shield and is connected with the sampling groove driving motor through the coupler. The sampling groove driving motor is fixed on the shield through a connecting bracket; the sampling groove driving motor drives the sampling groove to rotate under the control of the measurement and control system, the sampling groove utilizes the groove of the sampling groove to scrape the grain lifted by the spiral blade of the vertical grain conveyer in the vertical grain conveyer, and the once scraping of the sampling groove is enabled to gradually fall on the oblique sliding plate. Under the combined action of vibration of the vibration exciter and the limiting plate, the single-layer grains reach the upper part of the conveying belt, and fine components of the threshed substances are prevented from entering the monitoring groove to interfere with the measurement precision. Under the drive of the conveyor belt, the single-layer grains regularly fall into the monitoring groove. The monitoring groove is connected with the protective cover, and one side of the protective cover attached to the monitoring groove is provided with a hole and is embedded into toughened glass. The spectrometer is installed on the protective cover through the mounting bracket, and the camera lens of spectrometer sees through toughened glass and detects the cereal composition that flows into in the monitoring groove to in passing through the signal line with the information of gathering transmit into observing and controlling the system. Through an early-stage preparation test, aiming at the characteristics of each component in the vertical grain conveying auger, the optimal waveband spectrum capable of effectively identifying each component is screened out by applying a neural network and combining an improved non-inferior classification genetic algorithm, and the impurity content and the breakage rate of grains in the vertical grain conveying auger are calculated in real time through a relevant calculation model embedded in a measurement and control system.

In the scheme, the measurement and control system can reveal the correlation influence rule between the power consumption, the rotating speed and the angle of the guide strip in the top cover of the threshing cylinder of the threshing separation system of the combine harvester and the performance parameters (the grain entrainment loss rate, the grain bin grain breakage rate and the power consumption of the second separating cylinder) through cluster analysis according to the grain entrainment loss rate monitored by the grain entrainment loss monitoring system, the grain impurity rate, the grain bin grain breakage rate monitored by the breakage rate monitoring device, the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor and the angle of the guide strip in the top cover of the threshing cylinder, and establish the self-adaptive control model of the threshing separation system by combining a control system control performance model (ITAE criterion) based on an optimal operation control target and an energy conservation rule, so as to monitor the grain entrainment loss amount and the grain bin impurity rate monitored by the grain entrainment loss monitoring system, The grain box seed breakage rate monitored by the breakage rate monitoring device, the power consumption of the second separation roller, the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor and the angle of the guide strip in the top cover of the threshing roller are input quantities, the rotating speed of the second separation roller and the angle of the guide strip in the top cover of the threshing roller are adjusted in real time, the residence time and the axial movement speed of grains in a threshing and separating system are reasonably controlled, and the threshing and separating device of the combine harvester works in the optimal state.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the combine harvester with the self-adaptive adjustment of the working parameters of the threshing and separating device designed by the patent can automatically adjust various working parameters according to the working quality in the working process, improves the production efficiency, controls the fault rate within a certain range, greatly improves the working adaptability and the fault-free working time of the whole combine harvester, and has important significance for solving the technical bottleneck restricting the working performance, the working efficiency and the harvesting adaptability of the grain combine harvester. (2) The combine harvester with the threshing, separating and cleaning device capable of adaptively adjusting working parameters can be used for harvesting rice, wheat, rape and soybean, promotes the technical progress of the harvesting machinery industry, and can provide theoretical, technical and equipment guarantee for grain safety.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a main view of a combine harvester with adaptive adjustment of working parameters of a threshing and separating device.

Fig. 2 is a front view of a second off-drum roof guide bar angle adjustment device of the combine harvester.

Fig. 3 is a top view of a second off-drum roof guide bar angle adjustment device of the combine harvester.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the working principle of the second off-roll-top guide bar angle adjusting device of the combine harvester.

Fig. 5 is a front view of the grain impurity rate and breakage rate monitoring device.

In the figure: 1-threshing cylinder top cover guide strip angle adjusting device, 1-101-linear electric cylinder, 1-102-adjusting rod, 1-103-second disengaging cylinder top cover, 1-104 guide strip, 1-105 bearing plate I, 1-106 bearing plate II, 1-107U type rotating shaft I, 1-108U type rotating shaft II and 1-109U type rotating shaft III; 2-threshing cylinder, 3-second separating cylinder power consumption measuring device, 4-hydraulic motor, 5-bracket, 6-kernel entrainment loss monitoring system, 10-first separating cylinder, 11-grain conveying auger, 12-impurity rate and crushing rate monitoring device, and 13-measurement and control system; 11-01-seed vertical auger helical blade, 11-02-seed vertical auger outer wall; 12-01 shield, 12-02 sampling groove, 12-03 sampling groove driving shaft, 12-04 limiting plate, 12-05 oblique sliding plate, 12-06 vibration exciter, 12-07 conveying belt, 12-08 monitoring groove, 12-09 dust-proof glass, 12-10 mounting rack, 12-11 spectrometer and 12-12 signal line.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.

As shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a second separation roller top cover guide strip angle adjusting device 1, a second separation roller 2, a second separation roller power consumption measuring device 3, a hydraulic motor 4, a support 5, a grain entrainment loss monitoring system 6, a first separation roller 10, a vertical grain conveying auger 11, a grain impurity rate and breakage rate monitoring device 12 and a measurement and control system 13. The second breaks away from 2 tops of cylinder roof gib block angle adjusting device 1 and is located the second and breaks away from the top cap of cylinder, and hydraulic motor 4 is located the second and breaks away from the afterbody of cylinder 2, and hydraulic motor 4 and second break away from cylinder 2 and link to each other through the shaft coupling, and second breaks away from cylinder consumption measuring device 3 and is located the second and breaks away from between cylinder 2 and hydraulic motor 4. The second disengaging roller power consumption measuring device 3 and the hydraulic motor 4 are fixed on the wall of the combine harvester through a bracket 5. The first detaching cylinder 10 is located in front of the second detaching cylinder 2. The kernel entrainment loss monitoring system 6 is arranged at the rear part of the separation concave plate of the second separation roller 2, and the kernel impurity rate and breakage rate monitoring device 12 is arranged on the outer wall 11-02 of the vertical grain conveying auger. Still include observing and controling system 13, the input of observing and controlling system 13 with the second breaks away from cylinder consumption measuring device 3, hydraulic motor 4 controller, seed grain and smugglies loss monitoring system 6, seed grain and contains miscellaneous rate, percentage of damage monitoring devices 12 and second threshing cylinder top cap gib block angle adjusting device 1 and link to each other, observe and control system 13's output with hydraulic motor 4, second threshing cylinder top cap gib block angle adjusting device 1 link to each other, are used for control regulation the second breaks away from the rotational speed of cylinder 2 and threshing cylinder top cap gib block angle adjusting device's gib block 1-104 angle.

As shown in fig. 2,3 and 4, the second disengaging roller top cover guide bar angle adjusting device 1 is composed of a linear electric cylinder 1-101, an adjusting rod 1-102, a guide bar 1-104, a bearing plate 1-105, a bearing plate two 1-106, a U-shaped rotating shaft one 1-107, a U-shaped rotating shaft two 1-108 and a U-shaped rotating shaft three 1-109. The linear electric cylinder 1-101 and the adjusting rod 1-102 are positioned at the outer side of the second disengaging roller top cover 1-103, and the guide strip 1-104, the bearing plate 1-105, the bearing plate second 1-106, the U-shaped rotating shaft first 1-107, the U-shaped rotating shaft second 1-108 and the U-shaped rotating shaft third 1-109 are positioned at the inner side of the second disengaging roller top cover 1-103. The guide strips 1-104 are mounted on the carrier plates two 1-106. The bearing plates 1-105 are arranged on the second disengaging roller top covers 1-103 through the upper ends of the U-shaped rotating shafts 1-107 and the U-shaped rotating shafts 1-108. The bearing plates II 1-106 are arranged at the lower ends of the U-shaped rotating shafts I1-107 and the U-shaped rotating shafts II 1-108. The bearing plates 1-105 and the bearing plates two 1-106 are connected through U-shaped rotating shafts three 1-109. When the device works, the adjusting rods 1-102 are pushed by the linear electric cylinders 1-101 to drive the U-shaped rotating shafts 1-107 to rotate and drive the bearing plates 1-106 to translate to drive the guide strips 1-104 to rotate, so that the angles of the guide strips 1-04 are adjusted.

As shown in figure 5, the grain bin impurity content and breakage rate monitoring device 12 is composed of a shield 12-01, a sampling groove 12-02, a sampling groove driving shaft 12-03, a limiting plate 12-04, an inclined sliding plate 12-05, a vibration exciter 12-06, a conveyor belt 12-07, a monitoring groove 12-08, dust-proof glass 12-09, a mounting rack 12-10, a spectrometer 12-11, a signal wire 12-12 and a sampling groove driving motor. The shield 12-01 is welded on the outer wall 11-02 of the vertical kernel auger, and the sampling groove 12-02 is arranged on the shield 12-01 by a sampling groove driving shaft 12-03 through a bearing; one end of the sampling groove driving shaft 12-03 extends out of the shield 12-01 and is connected with a sampling groove driving motor through a coupler. The sampling groove driving motor is fixed on the shield 12-01 through a connecting bracket; the sampling groove driving motor drives the sampling groove 12-02 to rotate under the control of the measurement and control system 13, the sampling groove 12-02 scrapes grains lifted by the spiral blade 11-01 of the vertical grain conveying auger through the groove of the sampling groove 12-02, and the once scraped substances of the sampling groove 12-02 gradually fall onto the inclined sliding plate 12-05. Under the combined action of the vibration exciter 12-06 and the limiting plate 12-04, the single-layer grains reach above the conveyor belt 12-07, and the fine components of the threshed product are prevented from entering the monitoring groove 12-08 to interfere with the measurement precision. Under the drive of the conveyor belt 12-07, the single-layer grains regularly fall into the monitoring groove 12-08. The monitoring groove 12-08 is connected with the shield 12-01, and one side of the monitoring groove 12-08, which is attached to the shield 12-01, is provided with a hole and is embedded with toughened glass. The spectrometer 12-11 is installed on the shield 12-01 through the installation frame 12-10, the lens of the spectrometer 12-11 detects grain components flowing into the monitoring tank 12-08 through toughened glass, and transmits collected information into the measurement and control system 13 through the signal line 12-12. Through an early-stage preparation test, aiming at the characteristics of each component in the vertical grain conveying auger, the optimal waveband spectrum capable of effectively identifying each component is screened out by applying a neural network and combining an improved non-inferior classification genetic algorithm, and the impurity content and the breakage rate of grains in the vertical grain conveying auger are calculated in real time through a relevant calculation model embedded in the measurement and control system 13.

The measurement and control system 13 can reveal the correlation influence law between the power consumption and the rotating speed of the second separating roller 2, the angles of the guide strips 1-104 in the top cover of the threshing roller 2 and the performance parameters (the grain entrainment loss rate, the grain bin grain breakage rate and the power consumption of the second separating roller 2) of the threshing separation system of the combine harvester through cluster analysis according to the grain entrainment loss rate monitored by the grain entrainment loss monitoring system 6, the grain impurity rate, the grain bin grain breakage rate monitored by the breakage rate monitoring device 12 and the power consumption of the second separating roller 2, and establish the self-adaptive control model of the threshing separation system by combining a control system control performance model (ITAE criterion) based on the optimal operation control target and the energy conservation rule, and the entrainment loss monitored by the grain entrainment loss monitoring system 6 and the grain bin impurity rate, The grain box seed breakage rate monitored by the breakage rate monitoring device 12, the power consumption of the second separation roller 2, the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor 4 and the angles of the guide strips 1-104 in the top cover of the threshing roller 2 are input quantities, the rotating speed of the second separation roller 2 and the angles of the guide strips 1-104 on the top cover of the threshing roller 2 are adjusted in real time, the residence time and the axial moving speed of grains in a threshing and separating system are reasonably controlled, and the threshing and separating device of the combine harvester works in the optimal state.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A harvester with self-adaptive adjustment of working parameters of a threshing separation and cleaning device is characterized by comprising a second separation roller top cover guide strip angle adjusting device (1), a second separation roller (2), a second separation roller power consumption measuring device (3), a hydraulic motor (4), a support (5), a grain entrainment loss monitoring system (6), a first separation roller (10), a grain conveying auger (11), a grain impurity rate and breakage rate monitoring device (12) and a measurement and control system (13), wherein the second separation roller top cover guide strip angle adjusting device (1) is positioned above a second separation roller (2) top cover, the hydraulic motor (4) is positioned at the tail part of the second separation roller (2), the hydraulic motor (4) is connected with the second separation roller (2) through a coupler, and the second separation roller power consumption measuring device (3) is positioned between the second separation roller (2) and the hydraulic motor (4), the second breaks away from cylinder consumption measuring device (3) and hydraulic motor (4) and fixes on combine wall through support (5), first breaks away from cylinder (10) and is located the second and breaks away from cylinder (2) front portion, loss monitoring system (6) are smugglied secretly to the seed grain and installs the rear portion that breaks away from cylinder (2) separation concave plate at the second, defeated grain screw feeder (11) are defeated grain screw feeder by the level and are defeated grain screw feeder is constituteed with perpendicular defeated grain screw feeder, and seed grain impurity rate, breakage rate monitoring devices (12) are installed on perpendicular defeated grain screw feeder outer wall (11-02), observe and control system (13) with the second breaks away from cylinder consumption measuring device (3), hydraulic motor (4), seed grain and smugglies loss monitoring system (6), seed grain impurity rate, breakage rate monitoring devices (12) and links to each other, is used for control the rotational speed that the second breaks away from cylinder (2) and the second breaks away from the angle of cylinder top cap gib guide bar angle adjusting device's guide bar Degree; the second disengaging roller top cover guide strip angle adjusting device (1) is composed of a linear electric cylinder (1-101), an adjusting rod (1-102), a guide strip (1-104), a bearing plate I (1-105), a bearing plate II (1-106), a U-shaped rotating shaft I (1-107), a U-shaped rotating shaft II (1-108) and a U-shaped rotating shaft III (1-109); the linear electric cylinder (1-101) and the adjusting rod (1-102) are positioned at the outer side of the second disengaging roller top cover (1-103), and the guide strip (1-104), the bearing plate I (1-105), the bearing plate II (1-106), the U-shaped rotating shaft I (1-107), the U-shaped rotating shaft II (1-108) and the U-shaped rotating shaft III (1-109) are positioned at the inner side of the second disengaging roller top cover (1-103); the guide strips (1-104) are arranged on the second bearing plates (1-106); the bearing plate I (1-105) is arranged on the second disengaging roller top cover (1-103) through the upper ends of the U-shaped rotating shaft I (1-107) and the U-shaped rotating shaft II (1-108); the bearing plates II (1-106) are arranged at the lower ends of the U-shaped rotating shafts I (1-107) and the U-shaped rotating shafts II (1-108); the bearing plates I (1-105) are connected with the bearing plates II (1-106) through U-shaped rotating shafts III (1-109).

2. The harvester with the threshing, separating and cleaning device capable of adaptively adjusting working parameters according to claim 1, wherein the grain impurity rate and breakage rate monitoring device (12) consists of a shield (12-01), a sampling groove (12-02), a sampling groove driving shaft (12-03), a limiting plate (12-04), an inclined sliding plate (12-05), a vibration exciter (12-06), a conveyor belt (12-07), a monitoring groove (12-08), dust-proof glass (12-09), a spectrometer (12-11), a mounting frame (12-10), a signal wire (12-12) and a sampling groove driving motor; the shield (12-01) is welded on the outer wall (11-02) of the vertical grain conveying auger, and the sampling groove (12-02) is arranged on the shield (12-01) by utilizing a sampling groove driving shaft (12-03) through a bearing; one end of a sampling groove driving shaft (12-03) extends out of the shield (12-01) and is connected with a sampling groove driving motor through a coupler, the sampling groove driving motor is fixed on the shield (12-01) through a connecting support, an inclined sliding plate (12-05) is positioned below the sampling groove (12-02) and is fixed on the outer wall (11-02) of the vertical grain conveying auger, and a limiting plate (12-04) and a vibration exciter (12-06) are arranged on the inclined sliding plate (12-05); the input end of the conveyor belt (12-07) is positioned below the inclined sliding plate (12-05), the output end of the conveyor belt (12-07) is positioned above the monitoring groove (12-08), the monitoring groove (12-08) is connected with the shield (12-01), and one side of the monitoring groove (12-08), which is attached to the shield (12-01), is provided with a hole and is embedded with dust-proof glass; the spectrograph (12-11) is arranged on the shield (12-01) through the mounting rack (12-10), and the lens of the spectrograph (12-11) detects grain components flowing into the monitoring groove (12-08) through the dust-proof glass and transmits the collected information into the measurement and control system (13) through the signal line (12-12).