CN106373769A - A method for producing a hybrid magnet and the hybrid magnet produced by the method - Google Patents
A method for producing a hybrid magnet and the hybrid magnet produced by the method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106373769A CN106373769A CN201610588067.0A CN201610588067A CN106373769A CN 106373769 A CN106373769 A CN 106373769A CN 201610588067 A CN201610588067 A CN 201610588067A CN 106373769 A CN106373769 A CN 106373769A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/086—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0576—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed, e.g. hot working
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0579—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B with exchange spin coupling between hard and soft nanophases, e.g. nanocomposite spring magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14708—Fe-Ni based alloys
- H01F1/14733—Fe-Ni based alloys in the form of particles
- H01F1/14741—Fe-Ni based alloys in the form of particles pressed, sintered or bonded together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
Abstract
The issue of the invention is 'a method for producing a hybrid magnet and the hybrid magnet produced by the method'. The invention relates to a method for producing a hybrid magnet (20) and the hybrid magnet (20) produced by the method. The hybrid magnet comprises nucleons (15, 15') made of at least two different magnetic materials (12, 13') and an amorphous matrix (21) made of an antimagnetic or paramagnetic material (22). The nucleons (15, 15') are embedded into the matrix (21).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for manufacturing hybrid permanent-magnet and the hybrid magnet that can be manufactured by the method.
Background technology
The demand of the efficient permanent magnet being used for example in motor is persistently risen.Permanent magnet is used especially in for traction machine
In the electro-motor of motor-car, electric automobile is acquired an advantage during being gradually increased.
The raw material of magnetic can systematically be grouped by different standards in different categories.For example it is based on conjugation condition and knot
Structure is divided into metallic crystal raw material, the unbodied raw material of metal and oxidic raw materials.Another classification in physical significance is according to coercive
Power hcbSize.Here is divided into the raw material of the raw material of soft magnetism, semihard magnetic material and hard magnetic.Fig. 6 shows different magnetic
The coercivity of property raw material.It is se-tm- as having the very high main usage type of coercitive magnetic or magnetizable alloy
The rare earth alloy of b or se-tm, wherein, se is rare earth element, and tm is the transition metal (fe, co, ni) of iron group, and b is boron.
The raw material of magnetic is mainly made with this different approach now: smelts, wherein, containing cast magnetic material；Powder
End is metallurgical, thus obtains sintered magnet compound material or powder magnet compound material.Here is directed to the former of almost all of magnetic
Material type all can carry out powder metallurgy route.Powder magnet compound material is mainly plastics bonding raw material, wherein magnetic powder with poly-
Compound mixes and passes through injection moulding or compressing.In the product, magnetic particles are kept together by polymeric matrix.
However, this component due to the polymer that exists between magnetic particles except the characteristic of magnetic that maximally do not make full use of it
Outer only have limited mechanical strength and hot persistency.
Typical powder metallurgically manufacturing method includes operation stage: make magnetic raw material powder, with and without
In the case of forming desired shape, powder is pressed into blank, sintering blank to be further compacted during external magnetic field
(high-temperature process), alternatively annealing (heat treatment or K cryogenic treatment) with reduce stress and make tissue stabilization in magnet body with
And magnetized in magnetic field.And then heat treatment can enter to exercise as needed the processing step (such as grinding) of spillage of material with
And last application.Partly also make different operation stage combinations with one another and change order.For example known hot-press method,
Wherein suppressed at a temperature of such, it causes mechanically compacting magnetic material and therefore save separate agglomerant
Skill.Additionally, generally being suppressed in outside magnetic, wherein, there is anisotropy magnet in terms of magnetic, thus can cancel
Magnetization afterwards.Do not need magnetic field in hot pressing during pressing.And so that part is magnetized after pressing.
A kind of side for manufacturing the permanent magnet with nanostructured known to document de 10 2,013 004 985 a1
Method, wherein magnetic powder be first coated with paramagnetism or diamagnetic material, and coating by people process transfer to by glass, pottery
In the substrate that porcelain, glass ceramics or metal glass are constituted, magnetic particles embed in substrate in the final product and are separated from each other.
Do not carry out the sintering of magnetic particles.
Illustrate two kinds of methods for manufacturing hybrid magnet in us 6 972 046 b2, wherein, using in nanoparticle
The magnetic material of the hard magnetic and soft magnetism of powder type of son.According to first method, be two kinds of magnetic materials dividually that
The volatile coating of this application is to avoid luming, and disperses in a solvent.In the granule of application after mixing dispersion
Solvent is removed in the case of self assembly.And then heat treatment and sintered magnet granule are carried out in the case of removing coating.Root
Make the nucleon-shell-structure (nucleocapsid structure) of two kinds of magnetic materials according to second method, wherein, the material of hard magnetic forms core
Son, and the material of soft magnetism forms shell, vice versa.Granule and then application, dispersion and in self group as first method
Break away from solvent in the case of knitting, and be finally sintered in the case of removing coating.Document us 6 972 046 b2 is based on
Thought be the material of the material of hard magnetic and soft magnetism to be arranged in such interior tissue, it causes the sum of hard magnetic
So-called spin-exchange-coupled (the English: exchange coupling or exchange of the spin of the magnetic of the phase of soft magnetism
Spring coupling), and therefore cause field intensity h increasing ferromagnetic sensing b and maximummaxMagnetic energy product bhmax.
Us 2014/0072470 a1 illustrate by means of ecae (equal channel angular extrusion, etc.
Channel angular extrusion, a type of pressing method) manufacture permanent magnet.Here make the dusty material of magnetic have angled
With suitable temperature profile under the very high up to pressure of 100000psi (about 6900bar) in the extrusion die of passage.Occur
The object of high-pressure solid.Also relate to is the mixture of the material using soft magnetism, hard magnetic and/or semihard magnetic.
Content of the invention
Now, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of method for manufacturing hybrid permanent-magnet, can be more by means of the method
Simple and more cost-effectively hybrid magnet, wherein, the characteristic of its magnetic can changeably be applied with corresponding to a great extent
Coupling.The magnet being obtained by the method should be high temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant, and has the power of very high magnetic.
This purpose passes through the hybrid magnet that for the manufacture method manufacturing hybrid magnet, the method manufacture can be utilized and bag
The motor including such hybrid magnet is realized, and they have the feature of independent claims.
Comprised the following steps for the method manufacturing permanent magnet according to the present invention:
A () provides powder, it includes the granule of at least two magnetic materials, and wherein, powder is as at least two magnetic materials
Mixture or exist as the accordingly a kind of separate powder at least two magnetic materials,
(b) be the separate of at least two magnetic materials or mixing powder particle application is diamagnetic or paramagnetic coating
Material,
C the mixture forming of the granule of application is become molded body by (),
(d) in the temperature less than the temperature that is suitable for sintered magnetic material by coating material be transferred to diamagnetic or
Carry out the heat treatment for sinter coating material in the case of in the unbodied substrate of paramagnetic (non-magnetic) material, should
Substrate embeds in the granule of at least two magnetic materials, and
E () magnetizes at least two magnetic materials in outside magnetic field, wherein, in any order in succession or with arbitrary group
Execution step (c), (d) and (e) during contract.
The feature of the method according to the invention in particular, in that, such temperature executes the sintering of coating material, this temperature
Degree less than the single material of material (being hereafter also known as magnetic material or magnetic material) of at least two magnetic and they
Mixture sintering temperature.In other words, execute the sintering step (d) of method in such a situa-tion, do not carry out wherein
The sintering of magnetic material.Especially in step (d), execute sintering at such temperatures, this temperature highest corresponds to coating material
Transformation or fusion temperature (according to the chemical composition of unbodied material).Therefore, the sintering in step (d) is only in coating material
Carry out, without carrying out in the case of the sintering magnetic materials of magnetic core in the case of material fusing.Preferably, all of method exists
Execute under the conditions of such, the sintering of magnetic material does not occur wherein.It means that not having to make in what method and step in office
With such condition (especially temperature and pressure), it leads to the sintering of magnetic material.Here is in principle it is contemplated that sinter
Temperature depends on material pressure with transition temperature is the same with fusion temperature, and therefore sintering temperature can be in the feelings in view of pressure
Selected under condition.Therefore, if simultaneously using the pressure improving and the temperature of raising in method and step, such as passing through combination
Step (c) and (d), then technological temperature be different from, particularly less than no pressure sinter when the pressure and temperature that selects.Therefore,
Condition may be selected to so that it at most causes the sintering of coating material under any circumstance, but less than therefore magnetic material
Sintering.Preferably, the technological temperature in step (d) is significantly lower than the sintering temperature of such magnetic material, and it has minimum
Sintering temperature.
Controlled in the case of avoiding sintering magnetic materials (especially in sintering step (d) by process according to the invention
In) prevent the undesirable crystal of magnetic particles from growing up.This effect is also thus amplified, i.e. powder particle has coating, and it is in pressure
System and/or during sintering prevent adjacent magnetic particles from jointly growing up.Therefore, the initially use granular size of magnetic powder material is passed through
The method substantially also retains in the product, especially and unchanged big.Therefore, as a result, the diameter of the nucleon of magnetic completes
The diameter of the powder particle of use is substantially corresponded in magnet.Therefore, the nucleon that can obtain there is very little magnetic mixed
Close magnet, in the size of the nucleon scope (optimal particle size) of single domain microgranule in magnetic.
Also ensure by application magnetic particles or by the nonmagnetic unbodied substrate in product, do not occur due to
Adjacent magnetic particles, the unfavorable chemistry being particularly due to the different magnetic particles of magnetic material type, physics and magnetic
Impact.On the contrary, coating or substrate are responsible for regularly being spaced apart each magnetic particle.Individually phase (phase of such as hard magnetic and
The phase of soft magnetism) keep physics, chemistry, crystallography and magnetic (spin of magnetic) constant.The advantage of different materials is corresponding maximally
Make full use of.Exist between core circle of two adjacent magnetic cores nonmagnetic obstacle prevent be vortexed and reduce inside
Heating and eddy current loss.Therefore, the spin-exchange-coupled of magnetic is unfavorable.Especially in the case of the material using soft magnetism,
Not so significantly energy loss (including hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, aftereffect loss) is based on electric insulation by nonmagnetic substrate
Effect minimizes.
The sintered magnet of plastic bonding has a problem that, the nonmagnetic polymer phase between core circle of magnetic has
Relatively large thickness degree.Although decreasing eddy current loss by this way, but will be with obtaining magnetic conduction, especially magnetic energy product
(brhcb)maxReduction.On the other hand, sintered magnet (exist between the granule of magnetic wherein nonmagnetic phase or its very
Grow up together to due to sintering) there is obvious eddy current loss.And according to paramagnetism between magnetic core for the present invention or anti-magnetic
Property vitreous phase can be minimum thickness degree make, and still effectively stop core circle detrimental effect.
Additional positive effect is realized by the granule of application magnetic.Therefore, improve the corrosion resistance of magnetic material.?
Identical characteristic aspect, the coating of magnetic particles causes the passivation of particle surface.Thus eliminate in air and the easy magnetic got angry
Property material when spontaneous combustion risk, its especially middle powder-processed when occur.The execution of obvious method for simplifying by this way, example
As worked in an inert atmosphere when executing application.Additionally, the dielectric insulation effect of paramagnetism or diamagnetic substrate
Fruit causes with reference to little granular size and reduces the vortex occurring in magnet.This causes the magnetic field intensity of raising again and is avoided magnetic
Body undesirably generates heat.
Method is further characterized in that the high of material to be used (not only the material of magnetic but also coating or host material)
Flexible.
At least two different magnetic materials used in step (a) can be soft magnetism, semihard magnetic from type
Select, wherein, optional same type or different types of magnetic material independently of one another with the magnetic material of hard magnetic.With
This mode can make the characteristics match of the magnetic of hybrid magnet in arbitrary applicable cases.In preferred embodiments, use
At least two magnetic materials in step (a) have coercivity different from each other, are especially selected from the different of following three apoplexy due to endogenous wind
Class, i.e. Hard Magnetic/soft magnetism, Hard Magnetic/semi-hard magnet, the combination of soft magnetism/semi-hard magnet are preferred.It is particularly preferred that at least two magnetic
Material includes being second magnetic with the magnetic material being soft magnetism or semihard magnetic for first magnetic material of the material of hard magnetic
Property material.Gather material (the high coercivity h of hard magnetic by this waycb) and soft magnetism or semihard magnetic magnetic material
(high remanent magnetism br) advantage, i.e. the hybrid magnet according to the present invention has high coercivity and high remanent magnetism simultaneously.
As the raw material of soft magnetism, it is understood as in scope of the present application with coercivity hcbLess than or equal to about 103a/m
Raw material.The feature of the material (such as ferrum, carbon steel and feco- alloy) of a lot of soft magnetisms is in particular, in that the remanent magnetism of high magnetic
br.Especially can use: the raw material of the soft magnetism of crystallization, it include soft iron, carbon steel, alloy (its be based on feal, fealsi, feni,
Feco or other)；The raw material of unbodied soft magnetism, it include fenibsi, febsi and other；And the ferrite of soft magnetism
Raw material, it includes mnzn ferrite and mgzn ferrite；Spinel charge (mnmgznnizn etc.)；Garnet raw material (bica,
Ygd, etc.) and other.Preferably, using the raw material with least 1.0t or the even at least soft magnetism of the remanent magnetism of 1.5t.
As the raw material of hard magnetic, it is understood as in scope of the present application with coercivity hcbGreater than about 104A/m, especially
More than 105The raw material of a/m.Fall into therein be martensite steel, alloy (its be based on cunife, cunico, fecovcr, mnalc,
Alnico, ptco, mnbi, fe16n2), rare earth alloy, hard ferrite and other.First magnetic material of especially hard magnetic is selected from
Type se-tm-b or the rare earth alloy of se-tm, wherein, se is rare earth element, tm be iron group transition metal (ferrum fe, cobalt co,
Nickel ni), and b is boron, is especially selected from ndfeb, smco, smfen, srfeo and zrco.The feature of such rare earth alloy in particular, in that
Extra high coercivity.
As the raw material of semihard magnetic, it is understood as having more than 10 in scope of the present application3A/m and being less than or equal to
About 104Coercivity h in the scope of a/mcbRaw material.Semihard magnetic material include for example be based on femn, fenimn, cofeni,
Fecu and other alloy.Special example be co49fe48v3 (name of an article remendur), co55nife (name of an article vacozet),
Fe54ni29co17 (name of an article kovar).
At least one preferred in the powder providing in step (a) of the magnetic material of magnetic material, especially hard magnetic
The average particulate diameter that ground has is up to 5 μm, preferably up to for 1 μm.Average particulate diameter is even preferably in single domain microgranule
Scope in.Because the size on the farmland of magnetic depends on magnetic material, preferred particle diameter generally can not be described.For Hard Magnetic
Property magnetic material ndfeb, e.g. 0.1 μm to 0.4 μm of average particulate diameter preferably, in the scope of single domain microgranule
(100 to 400nm), and particularly preferably in the scope of 0.2 μ to 0.25 μm (200 to 250nm).In this range
Grain size substantially corresponds to the size on the farmland of magnetic, thus the diameter mentioned is along with extra high magnetic field intensity.For soft
The material of magnetic, preferred average particulate diameter can be in bigger scope, such as in 0.3 μm to 300 μm of scope by trend
In.As has already been discussed, the diameter of the use of granule keeps retaining and therefore also existing by the method according to the invention
In the magnet completing presented in so-called single domain microgranule.Specific average diameter one side depends on magnetic material.?
On the other hand, particle size distribution (that is, share of the microgranule in different size scope) depends on the use of the plan of magnet.Cause
This, obtain such magnet according to the present invention, it is substantially made up of single domain microgranule or single domain crystal grain and therefore has higher
Coercivity and improve temperature tolerance.Simultaneously little granular size causes closeer crystal accumulation and therefore causes higher machine
Tool intensity (hardness).
Here, not only the average diameter of the powder particle of the use of the material of at least two magnetic and also particle size distribution can phase
Same or different.In a kind of particularly preferred design of the present invention, the average diameter of the material of various magnetic is differently selected
Select and particularly preferably have the particle size distribution of opposite, narrow.This cause different raw materials relatively orderly arrangement and
Exceptionally close ball filling in the hybrid magnet completing, and therefore cause extra high magnetic energy product (bh)maxAnd coercivity
hcbOr temperature stability etc..Preferably, thick at least 20%, the average particulate diameter of especially at least 30% material is more than thin material
The average particulate diameter of material.Here, the particle size distribution of opposite, narrow is understood as, in all microgranules at least 70%, especially at least
80% and preferably at least 90% is +/- 10% to the maximum with the deviation of average diameter.Finally, the dusty material of use powder specifics (
Grain size and particle size distribution) to determine depending on the magnetic material of selection and the technical requirements of magnet.
Within the scope of this invention, wording " raw material " be understood as directly being used in step (b) producing coating, at it
Material (deposit) before deposition.And " coating material " represents the coating on the surface of granule producing in step (b)
Material.Raw material and coating material can be identical or different in chemistry.Wording " host material " represents in the mixing magnetic completing
The material of substrate present in body, embeds granule wherein.Host material and coating material also can be identical or different in chemistry.
In the preferred design of the present invention, wherein, host material is glass, glass ceramics, pottery or metal glass, generally
Raw material, coating material and host material are accordingly different in chemistry, i.e. raw material is the precursor (precursor) of coating material, and
Coating material is the precursor of host material.
Within the scope of this invention, also " material of magnetic ", " magnetic material ", " material of permanent magnet or long magnetic " are managed
Solution becomes ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetism raw material, its magnetization after enduringly produce magnetic field and attraction or repel other ferromagnetic or
The body (according to the orientation of magnetic pole) of ferrimagnetism.This raw material be used as in the method treating the dusty material of application and according to
Magnetic core in the magnet that technique chain formation completes.On the other hand, host material by coating material obtain phase (its parcel
And embed the nucleon of magnetic) and contain paramagnetism or diamagnetic raw material, i.e. say there is no magnetic on spoken language.
In principle, application can be realized by means of any means in step (b), including wet processing (such as collosol and gel
Method) and dry method depositing operation.Here is sunk preferably by means of dry method depositing operation, particular by chemically or physically gas phase
Long-pending method carries out application.Dry method deposition processing recipe is the solvent it is not necessary to partly expensive with respect to the advantage of wet process, and
And therefore also without for remove or purifying solvent again measure.Additionally, the drying process of energy-intensive becomes unnecessary.With
When chemically and physically CVD method can for spendable coating material with very high flexibly direct writing.Sink in this physical vapor
Long-pending method (pvd, physical vapor deposition) is understood as the coating process based on vacuum, wherein by means of not
Transform raw material and is allowed to mainly deposit to the matrix (magnet treating application during condensing in gas phase by same physical method
Granule) on.The difference of the different modification of pvd is mainly the mode that transform raw material becomes gas phase.Especially be divided into method of evaporating and
Sputter.Belong to method of evaporating is thermal evaporation, laser beam evaporation, arc evaporation and electron beam evaporation.And sputter (is also known as
Cathodic sputtering) so that raw material is atomized by ion bom bardment.All methods can be used within the scope of this invention.Even for chemistry
Vapour deposition (cvd, chemical vapor deposition), also makes original chemical become gas phase with different technical changes
In.Cvd is that coating material deposition is on the surface of matrix based on the Components Chemical being present in gas phase with the difference of physical technology
React into solid constituent to realize.Here, raw material is present in gas phase using volatile form and as being deposited as less
There is volatile compound, for example element ground or be deposited as oxide.
Coating can be monolayer or multilamellar.It is preferred, however, that being signal layer coating.
Preferably, for manufacturing all of method of permanent magnet only with dry process execution it may occur that except being used for
Manufacture outside the possible wet milling process of magnetic powder.
As host material, within the scope of this invention using diamagnetic or paramagnetic material.Its especially glass,
Glass ceramics, pottery or metal glass, but also can for paramagnetic or diamagnetic metal (such as dy, tb, al, pt, ti, cu,
Pb, zn, ga, ge, au, ag, mg, mo, mn, zr, li etc.) or their alloy or oxide.It is also possible that above-mentioned material
Mixture.It is particularly preferred that host material is glass, glass ceramics or pottery or combinations thereof.Glass is understood as no fixed
The material of shape, its structure is existed (compared to the crystallization being existed with orderly lattice structure as random tissue (net)
Material).Glass is based on sio in chemistry2And other metal-oxides, especially al2o3、na2o、k2o、mgo、cao、b2o3、tio2、
pbo、p2o5And other.Here, preferred glass includes quartz, crown glass, soda-lime glass, float glass, borosilicate glass.
There is different oxides and variable sio in main composition2The mixture of composition.Different oxides is in glass simultaneously
Non- presented in single low-molecular-weight molecule, but as extensile net exist.Therefore, silicon oxide is as being in
The sio connecting each other4The silicate of tetrahedral form exists.Glass ceramics substantially have and glass same or analogousization
Study point.It is also to there is polycrystalline body phase in addition to glass phase with the difference of glass.Ceramic material includes the silicate of mineral
Material, i.e. as with glass or glass ceramics sio2Or sio4For the material of base, such as Kaolin or clay mineral, oxide ceramic
(its be based on aluminium oxide, beryllium oxide or other), non-oxidizing material and carbide and nitride, such as carborundum sic, carbon
Change boron bc or boron nitride bn.Ceramic material and glass or glass ceramics exist overlapping in terms of chemical composition.Metal glass understands
Become such metal alloy, it is different from conventional metal or metal alloy is unbodied, i.e. there is no orderly lattice knot
Structure.Glass, glass ceramics, pottery and metal glass are characterised by extra high anti-corrosive properties and prevent from lighting.
Diamagnetic or paramagnetic host material can so select, i.e. the magnetic of its fusion temperature minimum than having
Material has lower transition temperature tg or fusion temperature tm, the sintering of the latter thus when it sinters.Preferably,
Transition temperature tg or fusion temperature tm are less than the fusion temperature at least 100k of the magnetic material with minimum fusion temperature, especially
At least 200k.Transition temperature tg or fusion temperature tm for example can be determined by means of calorimetric method (differential scanning calorimetry dcs).
Preferably, use the precursor material of diamagnetic or paramagnetic host material in the step (b) of method
As raw material.In order to produce glass, glass ceramics or pottery (they all mainly contain oxidation material), according to the application selecting
Method for example considers salt adding or volatile compound, such as hydride.Especially using element si, al, na, k, mg, ca, b, p,
Pb, ti, li, be and other precursor compound, should be according to which kind of composition producing host material.After decomposing from compound
In generally occur within corresponding elemental composition, it is still aoxidized accordingly with gas phase or react into after deposition is at the surface of the particles
Thing.Generally, there is (" white lime ") with fine grain structure in this material at the end of application step (b) in the form of aoxidizing.Only
After sintering, desired glass, pottery or glass ceramic material are formed by this oxide in step (d).
Preferably, produce the thickness degree of coating material in step (b), it preferably exists in the scope of 1nm to 300nm
In the scope of 2nm to 50nm.Thickness degree one side be enough to realize the insulation of enough magnetic and the passivation of granule.The opposing party
Face, thickness degree is sufficiently small, substantially not limit the magnetic density of magnet.
The molding carrying out in step (c) becomes molded body to preferably include to suppress with by the mixture compacted of the granule of application,
Therefore to obtain compacting product.Compacting is mechanically applying space side by means of extruding tringle or similarity piece in operated pressing tool
(it is molded) realization in the case of upwarding pressure.Alternatively, compacting for example can be executed by means of air pressure on isostatic pressing ground, wherein,
Pressure on all direction in spaces similarly applies.Additionally, compacting having a case that external magnetic field or can not have external magnetic field
Under carry out.It is also possible to use special compact technique, such as isostatic cool pressing or ultrasonic wave pressure.Specific technology depends on magnetic material
Material, shape to be made and other requirement, such as number of packages etc..If suppressed in magnetic field, obtain each in terms of magnetic
Heterotropic compacting product, the identical sensing of the dipole of the magnetic on each farmland wherein.In this case, special magnetization can be cancelled
Step.If suppressed in the absence of a magnetic field, the isotropic casting die obtaining must be magnetized single
Magnetized in step (e).Additionally, molding can be carried out in the case of heat supply (hot pressing) or not heat supply.In a kind of embodiment
In, molding is carried out with very strong heat supply, thus the moulding process (c) of coating material and sintering sintering (d) are real in one step
Existing.
Carry out the sintering of coating material in step (d), to be forwarded in substrate, such as vitrification, wherein, it is to avoid
Magnetic material is due to the sintering of sintering condition (pressure and temperature).It is understood that temperature that is specific, selecting in step (d)
Degree depends on coating material, especially its gamma transition (transformation) temperature or fusion temperature.
For example, the transformation of a lot of glass (it is the example (seeing below) of preferred host material within the scope of this invention)
Temperature is up in the scope of 900 ° of c.In this case, if processed at ambient pressure, the preferred temperature of sintering is 400 ° of c
To 800 ° of c, especially 550 ° c to 650 ° of c.Sintering temperature is particularly less than the transformation of coating material or the minimum 50 ° of c of fusion temperature, excellent
Select minimum 100 ° of c.If sintering is implemented under stress, for example, implement together with pressing step (c), accordingly using lower simultaneously
Temperature.
Sintering can be in vacuum or arbitrary inert gas environment (nitrogen, argon etc..) under carry out.Sintering under air is same
Sample is feasible, because powder surface has corresponding protection after by shell-core-method (scip) passivation.
Another aspect of the present invention is related to (permanent magnet) hybrid magnet, and it includes the different magnetic material of nucleon at least two
Material and the substrate of diamagnetic or paramagnetic material, embed nucleon wherein.Here, nucleon is by the magnetic material powder using
Obtain and affect corresponding in chemistry this powder.And host material is obtained by the coating material sintering.Correspondingly, above-mentioned
Embodiment is applied to magnetic material, granular size and particle size distribution and the host material of the hybrid magnet for completing.
Hybrid magnet especially has nanostructured.Here, wording " nanostructured " understands the internal structure that magnet becomes, at it
In the scope of the above-mentioned size in the magnetic material using for the size of middle structural element (nucleon).
All fields here can be used according to the hybrid magnet with nanostructured of the present invention, here is also using conventional
Magnet.This more particularly, to motor, such as electro-motor, especially this electro-motor, it is used for driving either individually or in combination car
(bev or hev) or it is used for controlling directional drive, wind power installation etc..Additionally, magnet also can be advantageously utilised in medical field
In, for example it is used for nuclear magnetic resonance etc..
Finally, the present invention relates to a kind of motor, it includes at least one hybrid magnet according to the present invention, especially multiple this
Plant hybrid magnet.In special embodiment, motor is configured to electro-motor, and hybrid magnet is the typical portion of rotor wherein
Part, be for example embedded in rotor fall piece group or fixing in its surface.
Other preferably designs of the present invention obtain from remaining feature mentioned in the dependent claims.
The different embodiment mentioned in this application of the present invention can advantageously combination with one another, unless in individual cases
Under be otherwise noted.
Brief description
Below the present invention is illustrated by accompanying drawing with embodiment.Wherein:
Fig. 1 show according to the first embodiment, according to the present invention flow chart for manufacturing the method for hybrid magnet；
Fig. 2 shows the different intermediate products of each method and step of the method according to the invention and the structure of final products
Construction；
Fig. 3 shows the cvd coating equipment for application magnetic powder；
Fig. 4 shows operated pressing tool, and it is used for, in magnetic field, the magnetic powder of application is mechanically pressed into compacting product；
Fig. 5 show according to the second embodiment, according to the present invention flow chart for manufacturing the method for hybrid magnet, and
And
Fig. 6 shows the remanent magnetism b of the magnetic of different magnetic materialr(tesla) and coercivity hcb(peace/rice).
List of reference characters
10 first powder
10' second powder
11 first granules
11' second granule
12 first magnetic materials
12' second magnetic material
The powder of 13 first applications
The powder of 13' second application
The granule of 14 first applications
The granule of 14' second application
15 first nucleons
15' second nucleon
16 first coatings
16' second coating
17 first coating materials
17' second coating material
19 molded bodys/compacting product
20 hybrid magnet
21 substrate
18 host materials
19 reative cells
40 carrier gas
41 heaters
42 pipelines
43 tanks
44 raw materials
45 carrier gas
50 operated pressing tools
51 extruding tringles
52 coils.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows according to the first embodiment, flow chart according to the inventive method.Figure 2 illustrates difference
Processing step extremely schematically intermediate products and final products.
The material 12 (being also known as magnetic material or magnetic material below) of the first magnetic is provided first in step s1
First powder 10.The material of hard magnetic, the alloy of such as ingredient n d2fe14b is for example used as the first magnetic material 12.Become
For example with magnetic material as starting point, it melts in vaccum sensitive stove, pours out and by cooling and solidifying powder.Here, knot
Crystal structure will obtain isotropic alloy.After the hardening, the product of such as strip mechanically interrupts and and then example
As levigate in the case of inert gas environment (such as nitrogen) in airflow milling.Powder equally can be used within the scope of this invention
The additive method that end manufactures.Alternatively, the separation of powder particle can be carried out after levigate step.Separately limited by separating granule
Fixed particle size range, i.e. only the part of the granular size of restriction is used for other methods.Therefore realize the unification of granular size
And thus realize the nucleon (crystal of magnetic) of the magnetic high packing density in the permanent magnet completing and higher magnetic
The field intensity of property.The first powder 10 producing in step s1 forms (Fig. 2 a) by the granule 11 of the first magnetic material 12.Farmland
Orientation (referring to the arrow) statistical distribution of magnetic is in space, i.e. material isotropism in terms of magnetic.First magnetic material 12
Average particle diameter d1 granule 11 especially less than 5 μm in the case of the material of hard magnetic, and ideally correspond to single
(depending on material) order of magnitude of farmland microgranule, such as from 0.2 to 0.25 μm.
Apply same or analogous method in step s2, to provide the second powder 10' of the material 12' of the second magnetic.
For example, the material of soft magnetism, the alloy of such as ingredient f eni20 is used as the second magnetic material 12'.Average of granule 11'
The size distribution of grain diameter d2 and the second magnetic material 12' can be identical or different with the first material, and according to magnetic material
To select with to the technical requirements of magnet.For the material of soft magnetism, it is preferably chosen especially 0.3 μm to 300 μm bigger
Size distribution.
In back to back step s3 (Fig. 1), the powder particle 11 of the first magnetic material 12 is coated with diamagnetic or suitable
The layer of the coating material of magnetic or this precursor material (precursor).
Schematically illustrate coating process in figure 3.Chemical vapor deposition cvd is utilized in the example being shown here at
Method carries out application.Powder 10 is stirred simultaneously by the carrier gas 41 (such as argon ar or nitrogen n2) of noble gases in reative cell 40
And therefore keep suspending.Reative cell 40 is equipped with heater 42.Reative cell 40 is connected with tank 44 also by pipeline 43,
Tank accordingly exists for coating, form in volatile precursor compound raw material 45 to be coated.
In the illustrated example, the precursor compound containing silicon for one of the container 44, another container contains the precursor compound of phosphorus, and
3rd container contains the precursor compound of boron.However, other compounds being may also provide according to coating to be coated and providing it
His quantity.By means of other carrier gas streams 41, volatile precursor compound is transported to reaction vessel 40 by pipeline 43
In.The desired composition adjusting coating passes through to adjust each volume flow realization.In reative cell 40, precursor compound thermal decomposition (heat
Solution), wherein, generally, the elemental composition of oxidation state is zero.Generally nonvolatile component deposition is in the powder 10 of magnetic material
On the surface of powder particle 11, here, this composition and oxygen (it enters into reaction with the amount limiting preferably together with carrier current 41
In room 40) react into corresponding oxide.It is also possible that elemental composition has been in gas phase ground (that is, before its deposition)
It is oxidized to corresponding oxide.
In step s4, identical technique is executed with the second magnetic material, wherein, will be chemically distinct however preferably change
On, identical coating material coating is coated onto on the granule 11' of the second magnetic material 12'.
Show the result in application stage in fig 3b.The powder 13 of the application of the first magnetic material 12 contains application now
Granule 14, it accordingly has the encirclement coating 16 of the nucleon 15 of magnetic material 12 and coating material 17, its surround nucleon 15.
Therefore, granule 14 has sheath/core minor structure.For this reason, this technique is also known as scip (shell core isolation technology) now.
The powder 13' of the application of the second magnetic material equally has sheath/core minor structure (Fig. 2 b, the right).In this stage, coating material
Material 17,17' also do not have vitreous structure.But the structure as the powder of the single oxide of raw material exists
(in the example of silicon, phosphorus and boron) and generally there is white, opaque imaging (" white lime ").Coating material 17,17' are outstanding
It is the precursor (see below) of substrate to be generated.
According to the method modification that figure 1 illustrates, until this processing step, the powder 13 of two kinds of applications, 13' still divide
From.
And then carry out the powder of the first magnetic material and the second magnetic material 12, two kinds of applications of 12' in step s5
13rd, 13 ' according to the mixing of predetermined mixed proportion, magnetic material 12 that this mixed proportion depends on using, 12' and to be made
The application target of hybrid magnet, particularly depends on the ingredient requirement to component.For example formula depends on desired remanent magnetism br, coercive
Power hcb, operating temperature tw etc..Mixing can be carried out in traditional blender.Possible environment contains noble gases or lacks sky
Gas, because granule is protected from because of the oxygen of in the air due to its application aoxidizing and lighting.Fig. 2 c shows mixing step
The hybrid magnet raw material of the result of rapid s5.First magnetic material and the second magnetic material 12, the granule 14 of the application of 12', 14' with
Soft filler exists.The nucleon 15 of magnetic, the dipole still always statistical distribution of the magnetic of 15'.
Carry out the molding of hybrid magnet raw material in fig. 2 in back to back step s6, here is for example by mixing powder
Compound is pressed into drip molding/compacting product.
In Fig. 4, this process is shown with the example of mechanical compaction, wherein represent operated pressing tool with 50, it accommodates the powder of application
End 13, the mixture of 13'.Operated pressing tool 50 have two can vertical motion extruding tringle 51, its pass through two opposite side bags
Enclose mixture of powders 13,13'' and be applied to and thereon and therefore apply pressure p.The drawing method of machinery in the tool is distinguished
It is referred to as unidirectional compacting in isotropic drawing method (pressure is derived from all of direction in space wherein).Operated pressing tool 50
Also there is coil 52 in the illustrated example, the magnetic field h that its generation is axially directed to, thus powder 13,13' add during its extruding
Orient with having magnetic field h and crystallography.The mechanical compaction in the axial field of magnetic in the tool that here is exemplarily illustrated
Also can carry out in transverse field.However, the orientation of pressing step and magnetic equally can be executed in separate steps, i.e. first
So that powder is orientated, extrude to isostatic pressing, then sinter and and then magnetize etc. in the field of outside magnetic.
Show the result of compacting in magnetic field in figure 2d.The product of compacting is compacting product 19, and it is also known as blank
Or base substrate, the compacting granule 14 of application, 14' and more or less exist in an orderly manner wherein.Additionally, the crystal of granule and magnetic
Property dipole there is common orientation, thus suppress product 19 itself produce outside magnetic field.It should be noted that during pressing
There is such condition, the chemical change of coating material 17,17' or magnetic material 12,12' does not occur under this condition.Root
According to preferred design, yet there is not the sintering of coating material.
Know the sintering just carrying out compacting product in back to back step s7 (referring to Fig. 1).Product 19 will be suppressed for this to introduce
To in stove.Compacting product 19 are heated to the temperature less than two kinds of magnetic materials 12, the fusion temperature of 12' by here, but heating
The temperature being converted in glass phase (vitrification) and being sintered to coating material 17,17'.In other words, the temperature of sintering is this
The temperature of sample, it is in the transformation range of coating material (here, glass).As sintering environment it is contemplated that vacuum, have n2 or
The vacuum of predetermined partial pressure of ar, nitrogen environment, ar gas environment or helium environment or oxidation environment, for example air and other
(depending on raw material).Therefore, the result of sintering is that (it is glass, pottery, glass ceramics or gold by unbodied host material 22
Belong to glass (referring to Fig. 2 e)) substrate 21 that forms.
And then sinter the annealing (step s8 in Fig. 1) alternatively carrying out hybrid magnet.Here with preceding burning
K cryogenic treatment is carried out to hybrid magnet 20, to eliminate the mechanical stress in magnet 20 in identical or different stove in knot step.
Set such temperature for this, it is less than or equal to the sintering temperature of application in step s6.Reduced in material by annealing
Residual stress and loosen the texture of magnet.The temperature of annealing depends on the composition of host material and is, for example, 250 ° of c
To 550 ° of c.
Alternatively, further post processing, such as high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) (hip) can be carried out in order to be compacted tissue further.Here
Also so alternative condition is so that avoid the sintering of magnetic-particle.
And then annealing can alternatively carry out the machining (step s9 in Fig. 1) of magnet 20, to give magnet expectation
Shape.Can be using the block of cutting working method (such as grinding) or separately bigger.But the preferred one-tenth in step s6
Desired shape is produced during type.Additionally, magnet also can be arbitrarily surface-treated and/or coating process.However, due to base
Matter, can cancel in principle for antiseptical coating.
Because being usually more than the Curie temperature of the material of magnetic in sintering, although directionally existing after the sintering
Crystal/farmland (as long as being extruded in magnetic field), but there is not the spin of magnetic.Therefore, execution sintering in step s10
Magnetization in outside magnetic field for the compacting product, wherein, makes spin orientation and therefore loads magnetic energy for the orientation farmland of crystal.
The step of compacting (s6), sintering (s7) and magnetization (s10) can be executed with random order or in any combination simultaneously.
Preferably, the compacting in magnetic field and magnetization are carried out (such as mechanical compaction) simultaneously, and also it is particularly preferred that execute institute simultaneously
Three techniques having, i.e. in the case that loading temperature is with sinter coating material at the same time, carry out mechanical compaction in magnetic field.As
Fruit executes compacting (colding pressing) at room temperature, and pressing pressure is, for example, 50-800mpa.In the case of hot pressing, according to coating material
17th, 17', in the case of 650-850 ° of c, condition is, for example, 50-150mpa.
Fig. 2 e shows the result of sintering and magnetization step.The hybrid permanent-magnet 20 being formed now has host material 22
Continuous substrate 21, its be made up of the glass being formed in this example and be generally but not necessarily when transparent.In substrate
In 21, the embedded nucleon 15 of the first magnetic material 12 and the second magnetic material 12, the nucleon 15' of 12' are with more or less orderly
Crystal accumulation exist, and be not in contact with as much as possible.Because passing through correspondingly to select technological parameter during whole method
(pressure and temperature) prevents the sintering of the granule of magnetic material, so average particle diameter d1, d2 also base of nucleon 15,15'
The powder 10 using, original average particulate diameter d1, d2 of 10' are corresponded on basis, i.e. it is particularly up to 5 μm, preferably exists
In the scope of 200nm to 250nm.Average headway in substrate 21 for the nucleon 15 passes through coating material 17, the coating 16 of 17', 16'
Initial thickness degree δ determine.Spacing is up to 2 times of the initial thickness degree δ of coating 16,16', and therefore preferably several
In the scope of nanometer, especially average headway is < in the scope of 50nm.However, occurring generally in sinter coating material 17,17'
Volume-diminished, thus average headway between particles is also generally significantly less than the 2 of the initial thickness degree δ of coating 16,16 '
Times.
Fig. 5 show according to another embodiment, according to the present invention for manufacturing the flow process of the method for hybrid magnet.
Here, consistent or similar processing step is provided with and identical labelling in FIG, and no longer it is described in detail.
Method different from figure 1 illustrates, and then step s1 and s2 (that is, provide the first magnetic material and the second magnetic material
First powder of (mw1, mw2) and the second powder) be step s5: mixing two kinds of powder.Therefore, here makes magnetic material still
The powder of non-application is mixed with each other.Correspondingly, back to back step s3/4 carries out two kinds of magnetic material of application simultaneously
Mixture of powders.The step that follow-up partly optional step s6 to s10 corresponds to Fig. 1.
Above-mentioned embodiment is the example of two kinds of magnetic material being processed into hybrid magnet 20.It is understood that also may be used
Using the magnetic material more than two kinds.Raw material, the raw material of soft magnetism and the semihard magnetic of hard magnetic can be used using the method
The combination in any of raw material, including mutually similar combination.Table 1 shows the example of favourable combination.
Table 1:
Particularly advantageously, in the hybrid magnet 20 completing of the present invention, magnetic core 15,15' by unbodied substrate 21 that
This is insulating in terms of magnetic and electricity, from the magnetic interaction without there are or only rarely occurring two magnetic phases.
Can being made by means of the method according to the invention, had the advantage that according to the magnet of the present invention
The spin-exchange-coupled of the magnetic by improving improves the characteristic of magnetic；
Increase coercivity and therefore increase temperature tolerance by stoping crystal grain from being grown up based on less granule or granularity；
Increased the remanent magnetism of magnetic by combining soft magnetism or semihard magnetic magnetic material；
High Energy Product hb due to the magnetic material of the different magnetic rigidity of combination；
In the case of identical function, component size is reduced by High Energy Product hb；
The high of magnet is designed in terms of magnetic, physics, characteristic mechanically and thermally by the magnetic material of the different magnetic rigidity of combination
Degree of freedom；
Corrosion resistance due to coating metal granule；
Due to the extremely strong combination by substrate with due to less granular size and bigger packing density bigger machine
Tool intensity (hardness)；
Because the granular size that the dielectric insulation effect of coating combines very little reduces the vortex occurring in magnet；
Higher efficiency (the heatproof of the less heating in less vortex=magnet=higher due to the electric insulation of granule
Property)；
Equally distributed magnetic flux, because crystal grain grow up；
Cancel application final magnet；
Magnet does not have in sintering or minimally deformation (presence deformation in the prior art, magnet must individually be refaced)；
Can achieve narrower tolerance；
There is no dy and tb (if desired)；
Do not form the tissue of complexity；
Do not form rich nd phase (due to the liquid phase of matrix of materials), i.e. the magnetic of magnetic particle uncouple by coating material occur=
The content of nd is down to about 8% (cost reduction)；
Do not form undesirable η phase；
Do not form the α fe of dendron phase；
Crystal grain is not had to grow up；
Do not limit magnet size (for gbdp, magnet be constrained to < 5mm)；
Eliminate powder lights risk；
Production technology (after powder coating) is less sensitive
Not because sintering process affects magnet alloy；
Environment friendly: magnet 100% is recyclable.By heating material substrate (liquid phase) separate magnetic cores.Scip keeps presence,
Magnetic core (magnetic particle) does not form cohesion.
Claims (11)
1. one kind is used for the method manufacturing hybrid magnet (20), including step:
A () provides the powder (10,10') of the granule (11,11') including at least two magnetic materials (12,12'), wherein, institute
State powder (10,10') as corresponding in the mixture of at least two magnetic materials (12,12') or at least two magnetic materials
A kind of separate powder exists,
B () is powder particle (11,11') the application diamagnetism of the separate of at least two magnetic materials (12,12') or mixing
Or paramagnetic coating material (17,17'),
C the mixture forming of the granule of application (13,13') is become molded body (19) by (),
D () is in the temperature less than the temperature being suitable for sintered magnetic material (12,12'), turning coating material (17,17')
Carry out for sinter coating material in the case of delivering in the unbodied substrate (21) of diamagnetic or paramagnetic material (22)
The heat treatment of material (17,17'), this substrate embeds the granule of at least two magnetic materials (12,12'), and
E () magnetizes at least two magnetic materials (12,12') in external magnetic field,
Wherein, in succession or in any combination execution step (c), (d) and (e) simultaneously in any order.
2. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described at least two magnetic materials (12,12) include being hard
First magnetic material (12) of the material of magnetic and be soft magnetism or semihard magnetic magnetic material the second magnetic material
(12').
3. method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that first magnetic material (12) of hard magnetic selected from type is
The alloy of se-tm-b or se-tm, wherein, se is rare earth element, and tm is the transition metal of iron group, and b is boron.
4. according to the method in claim 2 or 3 it is characterised in that hard magnetic or semihard magnetic the second magnetic material
(12') it is selected from and include the transition metal of fe, co, ni, cu or there is their alloy.
5. the method according to any one of the claims is not it is characterised in that have in any one step of method
Selection is had to lead to the condition of one of at least two magnetic materials sintering.
6. the method according to any one of the claims is it is characterised in that diamagnetism or paramagnetic host material
(22) it is glass, glass ceramics, pottery or metal glass.
7. (17,17') are inverse to the method according to any one of the claims it is characterised in that described coating material
Magnetic or the precursor material of paramagnetic host material (22).
8. at least one in the method according to any one of the claims (10,10') it is characterised in that powder
There is in step (a) 5 μm of highest, particularly up to 1 μm of average particulate diameter, preferably there is the scope at 0.1 μm to 0.4 μm
In average particulate diameter particularly preferably, average particulate diameter is in 0.2 μm to 0.25 μm of scope.
9. the method according to any one of the claims is it is characterised in that at least two magnetic materials (12,12')
Powder (10,10') there is in step (a) average particulate diameter devious each other.
10. hybrid magnet (20), nucleon including at least two different magnetic materials (12,13') (15,15') and diamagnetism
Or paramagnetic material (22) unbodied substrate (21), nucleon (15,15') embeds in substrate (21).
A kind of 11. motors, it includes hybrid magnet according to claim 10 (20).
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| DE102015213957.3 | 2015-07-23 | ||
| DE102015213957.3A DE102015213957B4 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2015-07-23 | A method for producing a hybrid magnet as well as hybrid magnet produced by the method and an electric machine comprising the hybrid magnet |
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| CN107275034A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-20 | 苏州菱慧电子科技有限公司 | A kind of electro-magnetic material |
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| CN1483207A (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2004-03-17 | ס�����������ʽ���� | Compound for rare earth element based bonded magnet and bonded magnet using the same |
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| DE102013004985A1 (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-05-15 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing a permanent magnet and permanent magnet |
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| US20100054981A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-03-04 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Magnetic nanoparticles, bulk nanocomposite magnets, and production thereof |
| WO2010066251A1 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Sintex A/S | A permanent magnet rotor for a machine, a method for manufacturing a permanent magnet rotor and a manufacturing system |
| US20140072470A1 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2014-03-13 | Advanced Materials Corporation | Consolidation of exchange-coupled magnets using equal channel angle extrusion |
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| CN1483207A (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2004-03-17 | ס�����������ʽ���� | Compound for rare earth element based bonded magnet and bonded magnet using the same |
| US20040134565A1 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Process of forming magnetic nanocomposites via nanoparticle self-assembly |
| CN1581383A (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2005-02-16 | 磁化电子株式会社 | Method for preparing laminated polar anisotropic mixed magnet |
| CN102667971A (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2012-09-12 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for producing a magnet, magnet, and electric machine |
| CN103890869A (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2014-06-25 | Lg电子株式会社 | Core-shell structured nanoparticle having hard-soft magnetic heterostructure, magnet prepared with said nanoparticle, and preparing method thereof |
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| DE102015213957B4 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
| DE102015213957A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
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