CN106363171B - Selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method - Google Patents
Selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106363171B CN106363171B CN201610862914.8A CN201610862914A CN106363171B CN 106363171 B CN106363171 B CN 106363171B CN 201610862914 A CN201610862914 A CN 201610862914A CN 106363171 B CN106363171 B CN 106363171B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/22—Driving means
- B22F12/222—Driving means for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
- B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of selective laser melting forming molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring methods, belong to 3D printing increases material manufacturing technology field, providing one kind being capable of bath temperature in real-time monitoring SLM forming process, shape and area, and online evaluation can be carried out to forming accuracy and laser power, and the selective laser melting forming molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method fed back, the technical solution used shapes laser system and pulse laser to be provided with fusing at the top of forming cavity, the center of top of forming cavity is provided with transparent glass, laser lens barrel is provided with above transparent glass, pulse laser is connected by optical fiber with laser lens barrel, crane is provided in forming cavity, the two sides of crane are provided with elevating mechanism, video camera is provided in the multiple angles in the bottom of crane, fusing forming laser system, pulse Laser, elevating mechanism and video camera are connected with master control system；The present invention is widely used in the real-time monitoring in selective laser melting forming molten bath.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selective laser melting forming molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring methods, belong to 3D printing
Increases material manufacturing technology field.
Background technique
3D printing technique, also known as increases material manufacturing technology are successively to accumulate material based on mathematical model and produced reality
The emerging manufacturing technology of body article, the technology is by the close knot of information network technique and advanced material technology, numerical DC speed technology
It closes, is the important component of advanced manufacturing industry.3D printing be not required to cutting material, be also not required to mold, can batch micro operations, can also be remote
Journey manipulation, is particularly suitable for that structure is complicated, the very small product of volume, and manufacturing speed is fast, with short production cycle, reduces development cost
And risk, bring the change of manufacturing process and production model.Metal product 3D printing technique (SLM technology) is beaten as entire 3D
Forefront and most potential technology in print system, are the important development directions of advanced manufacturing technology.
The basic principle of SLM technology is: first being designed on computers using 3D sculpting softwares such as pro/e, UG, CATIA
Then the three-dimensional entity model of part out carries out slicing delamination to the threedimensional model by Slice Software, obtains the wheel in each section
Wide data generate filling scan path by outline data, and equipment will fill scan line according to these, and control laser beam selective melting
The metal powder material of each layer is gradually stacked into 3-dimensional metal part.Before laser beam starts scanning, powdering system is by metal powder
It lays on metallic substrates.Laser beam carries out fusing forming according to manufactured part current interface outline data selectivity.Then
Substrate declines certain altitude, and powdering system spreads one layer of powder again, and laser carries out selectivity according to the lower layer cross section information of model
Fusing, so on circulate until entire product completes fusing forming.
In SLM forming process, there is the physics such as strong heat transfer, radiation, solidification, convection current, phase transformation for metal bath
Chemical change is the key area of laser and metal powder interaction.Metallurgy, crystallization in molten bath state and forming technology,
The processes such as phase transformation have close connection, and stability of the molten bath state in technical process directly influences the size of molded article
Precision and mechanical property.It therefore, is the key that control SLM forming technology to the real-time monitoring of molten bath state.At present about welding
The research of molten bath monitoring is relatively more in the process, and the relevant technologies also comparative maturity, however in SLM forming process, laser
Scanning speed is very fast, and optical power, beam scanning rate, gas componant, throughput, material property and thickness etc. are excited in molten bath
Factor is affected, it is therefore desirable to monitor that system photographs speed is fast, and data volume is larger, and signal processing must implement into
Row cannot achieve real-time monitoring with routine monitoring setting.
Summary of the invention
To solve technical problem of the existing technology, the present invention provides one kind being capable of real-time monitoring SLM forming process
Middle bath temperature, shape and area, and online evaluation can be carried out to forming accuracy and laser power, and the selectivity fed back swashs
Light fusing forming molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring
Device, including forming cavity are provided with fusing forming laser system and pulse laser, the forming cavity at the top of the forming cavity
Center of top be provided with transparent glass, be provided with laser lens barrel above the transparent glass, the pulse laser passes through light
Fibre is connected with laser lens barrel, crane is provided in the forming cavity, the two sides of the crane are provided with elevating mechanism, institute
It states and is provided with video camera in the multiple angles in bottom of crane, the fusing shapes laser system, pulse laser, elevating mechanism
It is connected with master control system with video camera.
Preferably, it is provided with supporting support at the top of the forming cavity, shaft, the shaft is provided in the supporting support
One end be provided with first motor, the other end is provided with U-shaped frame, and the laser lens barrel is hinged in U-shaped frame, the U-shaped frame
The second motor is provided on articulated shaft, the first motor, the second motor are connected with master control system.
Preferably, the laser lens barrel includes cylinder, beam expanding lens, focus lamp and protective glass, the top of the cylinder and light
Fibre connection, cylinder body bottom are provided with protective glass, are disposed with beam expanding lens and focus lamp from top to bottom in the cylinder.
Preferably, it is provided with ring support in the middle part of the crane, annular bottom is rotatably equipped in the ring support
Seat, the lower part of the annular base are provided with annular groove, and rack gear is arranged in top, and the annular base is installed on by annular groove
On ring support, the two sides of the annular base be provided with gear ring meshed gears, be provided with third motor on the gear,
The video camera is uniformly fixed on the bottom of annular base, and an infrared temperature probe, institute are additionally provided with by each video camera
The two sides of the bottom for stating ring support are additionally provided with infrared distance sensor, the third motor, infrared temperature probe and infrared
Distance measuring sensor is connected with master control system.
Preferably, high temperature resistant protective cover is provided on the camera lens of the video camera.
Selective laser melting shapes molten bath method of real-time, follows the steps below operation,
A, start forming laser system, the forming laser for issuing it, to formed powder according to model cross section profile size
Carry out fusing forming；
B, start laser strobe system, make to issue pulse laser using pulse laser, master control system adjusts pulse laser
Running track, so that its running track is followed the running track of forming laser closely, and the pulse laser covers in forming process
The intensity of electric arc and molten bath radiant light；
C, the height of molten bath video camera is adjusted, camera angle guarantees optimal photographic effect, and molten bath picture is fed back
To master control system, master control system analyzes bath temperature, shape and area, calculates forming laser real work power, and
And it is compared with setting value；
D, molten bath infrared temperature probe measures the temperature in molten bath from different perspectives, and the temperature information is transferred to master control
System, master control system compare the image information of bath temperature information and molten bath, to further verify bath temperature, shape
The actual power of shape and area and forming laser；
E, master control system adjusts the power of forming laser according to above- mentioned information, realizes the control to metal bath, thus real
Now to the control of molded article precision and mechanical property.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technical effect that the present invention can be in real-time monitoring SLM forming process
Bath temperature, shape and area, and online evaluation can be carried out to forming accuracy and laser power, and feed back information to master control
System, master control system realizes the control to metal bath so as to adjust laser power, to realize to molded article precision and power
The control of performance is learned, the structure property of yield rate and product is improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of laser lens barrel in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of laser lens barrel in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of annular base and ring support in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved are more clearly understood, tie below
Accompanying drawings and embodiments are closed, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only
To explain the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device, including forming cavity 1, the top of forming cavity 1
Portion is provided with fusing forming laser system 8 and pulse laser 16, and the center of top of forming cavity 1 is provided with transparent glass 9, transparent
Laser lens barrel 11 is provided with above glass 9, pulse laser 16 is connected by optical fiber 15 with laser lens barrel 11, in forming cavity 1
It is provided with crane 5, the two sides of crane 5 are provided with elevating mechanism 2, are provided with camera shooting in the multiple angles in the bottom of crane 5
Machine 20, fusing forming laser system 8, pulse laser 16, elevating mechanism 2 and video camera 20 are connected with master control system 22.
Fusing forming laser system 8 is laser sintered for carrying out to drip molding, and pulse laser 16 swashs for issuing pulse
Light covers the electric arc in forming process, weakens the intensity of molten bath radiant light, consequently facilitating molten bath video camera images molten bath.
Pulse laser 16 is mounted on 1 top of forming cavity.Pulse laser laser power 7.5-12mW, peak power 75-90kW, one
The pulse duration is 1-2ns in a pulse period.15 one end of optical fiber connects pulse laser 16, and other end connects laser mirror
Cylinder 11.Wherein, as shown in Fig. 2, being provided with supporting support 13 at the top of forming cavity 1, shaft 27, shaft are provided in supporting support 13
27 one end is provided with first motor 14, and the other end is provided with U-shaped frame 12, and laser lens barrel 11 is hinged in U-shaped frame 12, U-shaped frame
The second motor 10 is provided on 12 articulated shaft 28, first motor 14, the second motor 10 are connected with master control system 22.Laser
Lens barrel is mounted on U-shaped frame, is driven U-shaped frame to be able to carry out swing by first motor, can be driven by the second motor
Laser lens barrel swings, so that the laser for realizing sending scans in three-dimensional space, master control system 22 is according to model
Slice and scan path control lens barrel movement mechanism, and pulse laser is enable to follow the forming that fusing forming laser system issues closely
The track of laser moves, so that pulse laser be made to cover the electric arc in forming process, weakens the intensity of molten bath radiant light, thus just
Molten bath is imaged in molten bath camera system.
As shown in figure 3, laser lens barrel 11 includes cylinder 24, beam expanding lens 23, focus lamp 25 and protective glass 26, the top of cylinder 24
Portion is connect with optical fiber 15, and 24 bottom of cylinder is provided with protective glass 26, is disposed with 23 He of beam expanding lens in cylinder 24 from top to bottom
Focus lamp 25.Beam expanding lens 23 is mounted on 15 lower section of optical fiber, is used for expanded light beam diameter, reduces beam divergence angle, reduces energy damage
Consumption.Focus lamp 25 is installed, focus lamp 25 is mainly used for being focused light beam, reaches focal beam spot and scanning below beam expanding lens 23
Consistent focus characteristics are obtained in range.Protective glass 26 is installed below in focus lamp, and protective glass 26 is mounted on 11 bottom of lens barrel, uses
Light path systems are waited in protection focus lamp 25.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, the middle part of crane 5 is provided with ring support 18, is rotatably equipped with ring in ring support 18
Shape pedestal 17, the lower part of annular base 17 are provided with annular groove 19, and rack gear 29 is arranged in top, and annular base 17 passes through annular groove
29 are installed on ring support 18, the two sides of annular base 17 be provided with gear ring meshed gears 6, be provided on gear 6
Three motors 7, video camera 20 are uniformly fixed on the bottom of annular base 17, an infrared measurement of temperature are additionally provided with by each video camera 20
Sensor 3, the two sides of the bottom of ring support 18 are additionally provided with infrared distance sensor 4, third motor 7, infrared temperature probe 3
It is connected with master control system 22 with infrared distance sensor 4, high temperature resistant protective cover 21 is provided on the camera lens of video camera 20.
The quantity of video camera and infrared temperature probe is 3 in the present invention, using between video camera, infrared measurement of temperature pass
120 ° are mutually between sensor to be arranged.Video camera and infrared temperature probe are installed in the bottom of annular base, annular bottom
Seat is mounted on crane, and the top of annular base is provided with the gear ring being meshed with gear, and such elevating mechanism can drive
Crane moves up and down, and third motor can drive annular base rotation, to make video camera and infrared temperature probe therewith
Movement.Elevating mechanism can be hydraulicefficiency elevation structure, be also possible to mechanical elevating mechanism.Infrared temperature probe is used for never
It is equidirectional that bath temperature is measured.The temperature data measured is subsequently communicated to master control system 22, and master control system 22 is according to survey
Warm data are compared and analyzed with crater image data, to further correct the temperature in molten bath, judge laser light rate.Infrared survey
It is used to feed back to master control system 22, master control for measuring distance of the video camera 20 apart from drip molding, and by the information away from sensor
System 22 adjusts elevating mechanism according to the range information of feedback, and video camera 20 and product is made to keep optimal camera distance, according to
Fusing forming 8 laser scanning track of laser system, adjustment annular base make video camera and molten bath keep optimal camera angle.It takes the photograph
After camera shoots molten bath from different perspectives, it is transferred to master control system 22, master control system 22 is to the shape bath temperature in molten bath, shape
And area is analyzed, and can carry out online evaluation to laser power, so as to adjust laser power.
Specifically when carrying out real-time monitoring, operation is followed the steps below,
A, start forming laser system, the forming laser for issuing it, to formed powder according to model cross section profile size
Carry out fusing forming；
B, start laser strobe system, make to issue pulse laser using pulse laser, master control system adjusts pulse laser
Running track, so that its running track is followed the running track of forming laser closely, and the pulse laser covers in forming process
The intensity of electric arc and molten bath radiant light；
C, the height of molten bath video camera is adjusted, camera angle guarantees optimal photographic effect, and molten bath picture is fed back
To master control system, master control system analyzes bath temperature, shape and area, calculates forming laser real work power, and
And it is compared with setting value；
D, molten bath infrared temperature probe measures the temperature in molten bath from different perspectives, and the temperature information is transferred to master control
System, master control system compare the image information of bath temperature information and molten bath, to further verify bath temperature, shape
The actual power of shape and area and forming laser；
E, master control system adjusts the power of forming laser according to above- mentioned information, realizes the control to metal bath, thus real
Now to the control of molded article precision and mechanical property.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all wrap within the scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (1)
1. selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device, including forming cavity, it is provided at the top of the forming cavity molten
It is melted into shape laser system and pulse laser, it is characterised in that: the center of top of the forming cavity is provided with transparent glass, described
It is provided with laser lens barrel above transparent glass, the pulse laser is connected by optical fiber with laser lens barrel, the forming cavity
It is inside provided with crane, the two sides of the crane are provided with elevating mechanism, and the bottom of the crane is mutually 120 ° and is provided with 3
A video camera, the fusing forming laser system, pulse laser, elevating mechanism and video camera are connected with master control system；
It is provided with supporting support at the top of the forming cavity, shaft, one end setting of the shaft are provided in the supporting support
There is first motor, the other end is provided with U-shaped frame, and the laser lens barrel is hinged in U-shaped frame, sets on the articulated shaft of the U-shaped frame
It is equipped with the second motor, the first motor, the second motor are connected with master control system；Laser lens barrel is driven by first motor
U-shaped frame is able to carry out swing, laser lens barrel can be driven to swing by the second motor, to realize sending
Laser scan in three-dimensional space；
The laser lens barrel includes cylinder, beam expanding lens, focus lamp and protective glass, and the top of the cylinder is connect with optical fiber, cylinder
Bottom is provided with protective glass, is disposed with beam expanding lens and focus lamp from top to bottom in the cylinder；
It is provided with ring support in the middle part of the crane, annular base, the annular are rotatably equipped in the ring support
The lower part of pedestal is provided with annular groove, and rack gear is arranged in top, and the annular base is clamped on a toroidal support by annular groove,
The two sides of the annular base be provided with gear ring meshed gears, be provided with third motor, the video camera on the gear
It is uniformly fixed on the bottom of annular base, is additionally provided with an infrared temperature probe, the ring support by each video camera
Two sides of the bottom be additionally provided with infrared distance sensor, the third motor, infrared temperature probe and infrared distance sensor
It is connected with master control system；
High temperature resistant protective cover is provided on the camera lens of the video camera；
Selective laser melting shapes molten bath method of real-time, follows the steps below operation:
A, start forming laser system, the forming laser for issuing it carries out formed powder according to model cross section profile size
Fusing forming；
B, start laser strobe system, make to issue pulse laser using pulse laser, master control system adjusts the fortune of pulse laser
Row track makes its running track follow the running track of forming laser closely, and the pulse laser covers the electric arc in forming process
And the intensity of molten bath radiant light；
C, the height of molten bath video camera is adjusted, camera angle guarantees optimal photographic effect, and molten bath picture is fed back to master
Control system, master control system analyze bath temperature, shape and area, calculating forming laser real work power, and with
Setting value compares；
D, molten bath infrared temperature probe measures the temperature in molten bath from different perspectives, and the temperature information is transferred to master control system
System, master control system compare the image information of bath temperature information and molten bath, to further verify bath temperature, shape
And the actual power of area and forming laser；
E, master control system adjusts the power of forming laser according to above- mentioned information, realizes the control to metal bath, thus realization pair
The control of molded article precision and mechanical property.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610862914.8A CN106363171B (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-09-29 | Selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610862914.8A CN106363171B (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-09-29 | Selective laser melting shapes molten bath real-time monitoring device and monitoring method |
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