CN106362252B - 医疗用注射器和适用于注射器的垫片及其制备方法 - Google Patents

医疗用注射器和适用于注射器的垫片及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106362252B
CN106362252B CN201610524778.1A CN201610524778A CN106362252B CN 106362252 B CN106362252 B CN 106362252B CN 201610524778 A CN201610524778 A CN 201610524778A CN 106362252 B CN106362252 B CN 106362252B
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gasket
groove
syringe
laminated
circumferential surface
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CN106362252A (zh
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金子裕之
中野宏昭
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Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
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Abstract

层叠垫片的橡胶弹性必须是对药液进行可靠地密封,在橡胶弹性不足的时候,会有药液从注射筒漏出的缺点。还有***注射筒时的滑动性也有必要进行进一步的改善。本发明涉及一种适用于医疗用注射器的垫片(13),其特征在于包括由弹性体构成的本体(14)和在该本体表面层叠的层叠膜(15),所述垫片(13),具有与注射筒(11)内周面接触的圆周面部(17),该圆周面部配置了层叠膜(15),该膜表面形成了沿圆周方向延伸的凹槽(22),当配置于该圆周面部(17)上的层叠膜(15)的厚度为D[μm]时,则这个凹槽(22)的深度为0.8D[μm]以上,优选为D[μm]以上。

Description

医疗用注射器和适用于注射器的垫片及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗用注射器,特别是涉及适用于医疗用注射器的垫片及其制备方法。
背景技术
作为应用于医疗用途的注射器中,有一种提前充入药液的注射器(预装注射器)。预装注射器不需要花费时间移取药液,使用简便,还能够防止因移取药液时间点不当而造成的医疗事故,因而近年来的使用一直在增长。
这种预装注射器与过去的注射器(使用前从药瓶等其他容器吸取药液再进行使用)不同,需要具有作为长时间与药液接触的容器的必要性能。
用于注射器的垫片一般采用交联橡胶。已知在交联橡胶中一般需要添加用于交联的各种各样的成分,这些成分或其热分解物,在与药液接触的时候会向药液中转移。而对于某些药液而言,这些转移的物质会对药液的效果、稳定性具有不利的影响。
而且,在使用注射器的时候,要求垫片光滑而能够滑动。通常由交联橡胶制成的垫片的滑动性差,不耐用。因此会在针筒或垫片的表面涂布一层硅油。但是对于某些药液,硅油会对药液的效果和稳定性带来不良影响。
由于这个原因,橡胶制成的垫片表面层叠滑动性良好的膜,制成了叫做层叠垫片的产品。通过在橡胶制成的垫片的表面覆盖膜,防止交联橡胶的成分向药液中转移,并且在即使没有使用硅油的情况下,通过层叠滑动性良好的膜也可以确保垫片的滑动性。
为了达到上述目的而使用的膜采用滑动性良好的超高分子量聚乙烯和氟系树脂。其中,氟系树脂具有良好的滑动性,且具有化学稳定性,很适合,氟系树脂中的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的滑动性和稳定性是特别优选的。
现有技术文献
专利文献1:特开2005-185747号公报
发明内容
本发明解决的问题
然而,因上述目的而使用的膜不具有橡胶弹性,也抑制了内部交联橡胶的橡胶弹性。垫片的橡胶弹性必须达到可靠地密封药液,橡胶弹性不充分的话,就会出现药液会从注射筒中漏出这一缺点。并且,就***注射筒时的滑动性而言也有必要进一步得到改善。
为了处理这个问题,发明人们进行讨论的结果是对层叠膜厚度的控制和膜的表面改质等进行进一步地改善。
在橡胶产品的制作过程中一般使用的方法是,模具内的空隙为所期望的产品的形状,在该模具内将橡胶硫化成型,形成了一定的形状,再从模具中取出橡胶。在这样的制造方法中,在从模具中取出产品的时候,模具与产品之间会产生摩擦而使产品出现细微的伤痕。在垫片的制作工序中,取出产品的方向是与圆周方向垂直的方向。这个方向上的伤痕由于对药液的可靠密封有显著恶化的作用,因此是不利的。
而且,在层叠垫片的成型过程中,由于在橡胶表面层叠了流动性差的膜层,导致模具空隙的填充性变差。因此模具的空隙不能遵从产品的形状,还会有如果有细微的凹槽构造等则难以完全成型的问题。
发明者们认为,在层叠有膜的垫片形状成型后,通过在成型品周围形成细微的凹槽构造,可以解决上述的问题,因而得到了本发明。
解决问题的方法
本发明涉及的适用于医疗用注射器的层叠垫片是下述(1)-(3)所述的内容。另外本发明涉及的层叠垫片的制备方法是下述(4)、(5)所述的内容。进一步地,本发明涉及的医疗用注射器是下述(6)所记载的内容。
具体内容如下所述。
(1)所述的发明,一种适用于医疗用注射器的垫片,包括由弹性体构成的本体和在本体表面层叠的层叠膜,其特征在于,所述垫片具有与注射筒内周表面接触的圆周面部,该圆周面部配置了层叠膜,该膜表面形成了沿圆周方向延伸的凹槽,当配置于该圆周面部上的层叠膜厚度为D[μm]时,则这个凹槽的深度为0.8D[μm]以上。
(2)所述的发明,根据(1)所述的垫片,其特征在于,所述凹槽的深度为D[μm]以上。
(3)所述的发明,根据(1)或(2)所述的垫片,其特征在于,所述凹槽是由激光加工制成。
(4)所述的发明,是(1)-(3)任一项所述适用于医疗用注射器的垫片的制造方法,其特征在于,包括:准备垫片的成型模具的工序;在模具内,将具有表面层叠有层叠膜的圆周面部的垫片成型的工序;和从模具中取出垫片后,在垫片的圆周面部上进行圆周方向的凹槽的成型的工序。
(5)所述的发明,根据(4)所记载的垫片的制造方法,其特征在于,在垫片的圆周面部进行圆周方向的凹槽的成型的工序是通过激光照射实施的。
(6)所述的发明,是医疗用注射器,其特征在于,包括制成筒状的注射筒,和与所述注射筒组合并且能在注射筒内往复移动的柱塞,和装配在所述柱塞前端的(1)-(3)中任一项记载的垫片。
发明效果
根据本发明的结构,通过在垫片表面的圆周方向上设置细微的凹槽结构,凹槽周边部的在注射筒内的压缩应力提高,能够可靠地密封内部药液。
而且,垫片成型后,通过在圆周方向上形成细微的凹槽结构,能够掩盖在垫片成型时发生的与圆周方向垂直的伤痕。
进一步地,通过使凹槽深度相对于膜厚度在一定比例以上,能够进一步改善垫片***注射筒时的滑动性。
因此,根据本发明,能够得到密封性和滑动性良好的医疗用注射器的层叠垫片。特别是,能够得到适用于预装注射器的层叠垫片。
附图说明
[图1]图1是用分解状态显示本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的医疗用注射器的图。
[图2]图2是以截面显示本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的层叠垫片的一半的图。
[图3]图3是图2中A部分的放大截面图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,对本发明的一实施方式进行具体说明。
图1是将本发明的一实施方式所涉及的医疗用注射器、被称为预装注射器的注射器以分解状态显示的图。图1中,用截面显示注射筒11及垫片13的一半。
参照图1,预装注射器10包括:圆筒形状的注射筒11,与注射筒11组合并且可在注射筒内往复移动的柱塞12,和装配在柱塞12前端的垫片13。垫片13是含有由弹性材料(橡胶或弹性体等)构成的本体14,和在本体14表面层叠的层叠膜15的所谓的层叠垫片。垫片13上设有与注射筒11的内周面16气密性·液密性接触的圆周面部17。
柱塞12,例如由横截面为十字状的树脂制板片构成,其前端部上设有安装有垫片13的头部18。头部18与柱塞12一体形成,由树脂制成,加工成公螺纹形状。
垫片13为短轴的大致圆柱形状,其前端面例如形成轴中心部突出的钝角的山形形状。然后,形成有从后端面起向轴方向刻入的母螺纹形状的嵌合凹部21。通过将柱塞12的头部18拧入垫片13的嵌合凹部21中,垫片13被装配在柱塞12的前端上。
图2是仅将图1所示的垫片13放大绘制的图,用截面显示垫片13的一半。
参照图2,对该实施方式所涉及的垫片13的构成更详细地进行说明。
垫片13包括本体14和层叠于本体表面的层叠膜15。本体14可由弹性材料构成即可,本发明不对材料做特别限定。例如,能够由热固型橡胶和热塑性弹性体构成。在这其中,从耐热性优异这一点来说,更优选热固性橡胶和热塑性弹性体中具有交联点的动态交联型热塑性弹性体。这里的聚合物成分也不做特别地限定,如果非要说的话,优选成型性优良的乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶和丁二烯橡胶。此外,优选透气性良好的丁基橡胶、氯化丁基橡胶和溴化丁基橡胶。
本体14的表面上层叠的层叠膜15,可阻止源自交联橡胶(本体14)的成分的移动,且比橡胶的滑动性优异,即,若是比橡胶摩擦系数小的膜,其种类没有特别限制。在医疗应用中有实际成绩的超高分子量聚乙烯和含氟树脂的薄膜可以作为一个例子。其中,含氟树脂因滑动性优异,并且其表面化学稳定性也更好,而优选。所指的含氟树脂,只要是含有氟的树脂的公开的产品,即可以使用,例如PTFE、改性PTFE、乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)、全氟烷基醚(PFA)等。PTFE和改性PTFE的滑动性和化学稳定性优异,ETFE因抗γ射线灭菌而更优选。从与本体14的粘着性来考虑,可以使用这些树脂的混合物或层叠得到的膜。
本实施方式所涉及的层叠垫片13的特征为,具有与注射筒11的内周面16气密地·液密地接触的圆周面部17,在该圆周面部17上,成型沿圆周方向延伸的凹槽22。圆周方向,可以是大致水平(沿垂直于轴向的水平面方向),相对于水平面±10°以内都是可取的。
凹槽22围绕圆周面部17呈圆环状,该实施方式中,如例子中所示,设有一条凹槽22。
然而,对于凹槽22的条数,较佳地为1条以上,垫片13的轴向上可能是排列具有规定间隔的多个,不需要特别设定上限。另外,不沿圆周方向延伸的环状槽,可以有一个中间中断的部分,但至少圆周面部17的整个圆周,如果存在任意一条凹槽,这个形式就是足够的。
凹槽22优选是在圆周面部17的圆周方向上起点和终点重合的圆环状凹槽。这是为了使圆周面部17的整个圆周方向上在药液密封性上达到均一的效果。另外,如果将垫片13的圆周面部17展开的话,其凹槽22优选为直线状。
图3是图2的圆周面部17上1条凹槽22的放大截面图,即,图2中A部分的放大截面图。参照图3进行说明,凹槽22是层叠膜15的表面向内凹陷而成的凹槽。
对于在垫片圆周面部17上配置的层叠膜15的厚度D[μm]不特别进行限定,优选为10μm以上100μm以下。如果该厚度过厚的话,在垫片13***注射筒11时的变形追随性会变差,对于药液的密封性也会变差。如果该厚度过薄,在成型时会引起层叠膜15的破损等。
成型的凹槽22的深度d,优选为0.8D[μm]以上,更优选为D[μm]以上。其深度的上限不做特别限定,从垫片13的形状稳定性来看,优选为1mm以下。
成型的凹槽22的宽度W,优选根据成型的凹槽22的深度d、构成层叠膜12及本体14的橡胶的物理性质进行适当地选择,优选为200μm以下,更优选为150μm以下,进一步优选为100μm以下。如果凹槽22的宽度W过宽,在***注射筒11内部的时候,由于被压缩的橡胶(本体14)的弹性,凹槽22的底部被推出,不能再维持其结构,并压靠在注射筒11的内周表面,所以是不优选的。另一方面,当凹槽22的宽度W在1μm以下时,从加工精确度来讲,也无法均一成型,不能获得所期望的效果,所以也是不优选的。
成型的凹槽22的断面形状不需要特别设定。从生产方面来看,单纯的凹形状,或圆润的凹形状都是可以的。在凹槽22的外缘部23通常形成有比层叠膜15的原厚度略厚的膨胀部24。
为了制造凹槽22,使用切削刃在层叠膜15表面进行切削的时候,通过张力,一部分的材料(层压膜15表面部分的材料)被压缩到凹槽22的外缘部23,即所谓的飞边,由此生成了膨胀部24。另外,在通过激光对凹槽22进行加工时,通过激光,层压膜15表面被蒸发分解,这些材料中的一部分在凹槽22的外缘部23再次累积,因而形成了膨胀部24。
在使用模具使层压垫片13成型,在将成型后的层压垫片13从模具中取出时,层压垫片13随着与模具的摩擦会在表面产生细微的伤痕。因为在取出的层压膜13上形成了凹槽22,所以从膨胀部24能够掩盖细微伤痕这一观点来说,在凹槽22的外缘部23上存在膨胀部24,也可以说是一种较佳地选择。
关于膨胀部24的形状没有进行特别限定,其高度h优选地为2μm以上30μm以下,更优选为4μm以上25μm以下,进一步更优选地为6μm以上23μm以下。膨胀部24的宽度为2μm以上40μm以下,更优选为4μm以上35μm以下,进一步更优选为6μm以上30μm以下。
以下对该实施方式的垫片13的制造方法进行说明。
该实施方式涉及的垫片13由以下步骤制作而成。
(1)准备垫片的成型模具的工序;
(2)在模具内,将表面层叠有层叠膜的垫片的工序;
(3)从模具中取出层叠垫片后,仅在层叠膜的表面,将沿圆周面部的圆周方向延伸的凹槽成型的工序。
模具内,将表面层叠有层叠膜的垫片成型的步骤中,使层叠膜的内表面与未硫化橡胶重叠置于模具内,再硫化成型。
例如,已混入交联剂的未硫化橡胶片等与层叠膜重叠,通过成型模具进而硫化成型,加工成规定形状的垫片。
在这种情况下,与层叠膜15的橡胶重叠的内表面,优选预先进行粗面化处理。通过对膜15的内表面进行粗面化处理,不需要使用胶粘剂等,通过硫化成型、膜15和橡胶就能固定牢固。这种固定,是通过硫化橡胶侵入粗面化的膜15的内表面而成的粘结效应而达到的。
层叠膜15内表面的改质,例如可以采用通过照射离子束,破坏内表面附近的内部分子构造,进行粗面化的方法(例如参见日本特许第4908617公报)。
作为其他的制备方法,也可以是,不对层叠膜15的内表面进行粗面化,是在层叠膜的内表面涂布胶粘剂,然后在其上叠加未硫化的橡胶材料,放入模具中,将垫片成型。
使用模具使垫片成型后,再通过将凹槽成型,这样能够制造出密封性优良的垫片。
因为垫片成型和凹槽成型同时进行的制造方法,即在模具中预先制作凹槽结构,在垫片表面转印凹槽结构的制造工序中,在从模具中取出已成型垫片的时候(脱模时),可能会受到细微伤痕等的损伤。
而在垫片成型后再凹槽成型的方法中,即使在垫片脱模时产生了细微的伤痕,在随后凹槽成型的过程中,也可能将之前产生的细微的伤痕进行某种程度上的修复。另外,通过先垫片成型再凹槽成型的方法,成型的凹槽成为能够发挥所期望的效果的优选的槽。
垫片成型后再凹槽成型的方法可以采用以下的方法来完成。
即,可以考虑采用,
(1)给与外部应力,在由本体和在本体表面层叠的层叠膜组成的垫片上,施加塑性变形的方法,或
(2)通过对垫片表面进行切削而使凹槽成型的方法。
其中,后者的通过切削而使凹槽成型,与塑性变形而使凹槽成型相比,前者更容易成型,且成型部分以外很少受到应力的影响。
所述的切削,可以通过刀刃进行切削,也可以通过激光照射进行切削,此处不做特别限定。其中,通过激光照射的切削,容易进行细微结构凹槽的成型,成型部分周围很少受到应力等的影响,是优选的切削方法。
通过激光照射进行切削的情况下,所使用激光的类型、功率等可以是公知的技术。激光的种类可以根据膜材料和凹槽的深度等进行适当地选择。通过利用红外线的激光进行加工,更适用于工业应用。有关激光的照射时间,可以根据成型条件进行适当地选择,特别是优选短脉冲照射,这样成型部周围很少受到热量的影响。
实施例
使用两种层叠膜,使用其层叠膜和未硫化橡胶,硫化成型得到垫片形状。然后对于得到的垫片形状,得到在圆周面部上成型有沿圆周方向延伸的圆环状的凹槽样品(实施例1-5,比较实施例2-4)及未进行凹槽成型的样品(比较例1)。
层叠膜使用如下两种。(使用的层叠膜)
(1)PTFE膜(日本Valcour株式会社制造バルフロン(注册商标))
(2)改性PTFE膜(日本Valcour株式会社制造バルフロンEx1(注册商标))
在各层叠膜的内表面(未硫化橡胶片叠加面),预先照射离子光束,对表面进行粗面化处理。
[使用的本体材料]
未硫化橡胶片——卤化丁基橡胶
交联剂——2-二-正丁基氨基-4,6-二巯基-s-三嗪(三协化成株式会社制造ジスネットDB(注册商标))
[制造条件]
硫化温度180℃,硫化时间8min,处理压力20MPa.
[产品形状]
成型得到如图2所示的垫片13的形状,其圆周面部17的直径是Φ6.60mm。
[凹槽的成型]
在得到产品形状后进行凹槽的成型。凹槽的成型时采用如下激光进行加工。
装置:基恩士株式会社制造3-Axis CO2Laser Marker ML-Z9550T
照射波长9300nm的激光,进行加工。
[实验方法]
凹槽尺寸的测定
使用激光微型显微镜(基恩士公司制造VK-X100)测试凹槽成型后的制品,用50倍物镜对其表面形状进行测定。通过画面可选择凹槽的最大深度及宽度部分,得到数值。通过在产品上测量四个点来计算其算数平均值。
药液的密封性
将成型后的制品***注射筒,充入实验液,在另一侧封帽。在40℃下静置一周,用视频显微镜在50倍物镜下观察,判断是否漏液。观察20个产品,实验液超过垫片最大直径部分(圆周面部17),判断为漏液,记载其个数。2个以下即为良好。实验液使用在水中加入0.2g/L色素(亚甲蓝Sigma-Aldrich公司日本合同会社制造)和1g/L表面活性剂(聚山梨酯80日油株式会社制造),注射筒使用环烯烃树脂(内径φ6.35mm)。
滑动性
将加工后的制品***注射筒,通过柱塞以100mm/min的速度推动,使用精密万能试验机(AG-X 100kN株式会社岛津制作所制造)测量所需要的力。记录滑动距离为10mm-15mm所需要的力的平均值作为滑动阻力。
[表1]
Figure BDA0001042152590000091
[试验结果]
与垫片成型后未进行凹槽成型的比较例1相比,实施例1-5无论从漏液个数、还是滑动阻力都显著的下降,显示出优异的结果。另外,比较例2-4和实施例1-5进行比较,滑动阻力下降,显示出优异的结果。
[符号说明]
10 预装注射器
11 注射筒
12 柱塞
13 垫片
14 本体
15 层叠膜
17 内圆周面部
22 凹槽
24 膨胀部

Claims (6)

1.一种适用于医疗用注射器的垫片,包括由弹性体构成的本体和在该本体表面层叠的层叠膜,其特征在于,所述垫片具有与注射筒内周表面接触的圆周面部,配置于该圆周面部上的层叠膜的膜表面形成有沿圆周方向延伸的凹槽,将配置于该圆周面部上的层叠膜厚度设为Dμm时,所述凹槽的深度为0.8Dμm以上,
所述凹槽的宽度为1-200μm,
所述层叠膜上具有膨胀部,所述膨胀部的高度为2-30μm,宽度为2-40μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的垫片,其特征在于,所述凹槽的深度为Dμm以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的垫片,其特征在于,所述凹槽是通过激光加工制造的。
4.一种垫片的制造方法,其是权利要求1-3任一项所述的适用于医疗用注射器的垫片的制造方法,其特征在于,包括如下工序:
准备垫片的成型模具的工序;
在模具内,将具有表面层叠有层叠膜的圆周面部的垫片成型的工序;和
从模具中取出垫片后,在垫片的圆周面部上进行圆周方向的凹槽的成型的工序。
5.根据权利要求4所述的垫片的制造方法,其特征在于,在垫片的圆周面部进行圆周方向的凹槽的成型的工序是通过激光照射实施的。
6.一种医疗用注射器,其特征在于,包括
制成筒状的注射筒、
与所述注射筒组合并且能在注射筒内往复移动的柱塞,和
装配在所述柱塞前端的权利要求1-3中任一项所述的垫片。
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