CN106310944B - Dielectrophoresis electrode and electrode array for separating particles and droplets in a medium - Google Patents
Dielectrophoresis electrode and electrode array for separating particles and droplets in a medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN106310944B CN106310944B CN201510379158.9A CN201510379158A CN106310944B CN 106310944 B CN106310944 B CN 106310944B CN 201510379158 A CN201510379158 A CN 201510379158A CN 106310944 B CN106310944 B CN 106310944B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dielectrophoresis electrode for separating particles and small droplets in a medium, which comprises a metal section, wherein the cross section of the metal section is in a shape with bulges, and the bulges form ridge lines of the dielectrophoresis electrode. The invention also relates to an electrode array formed by electrodes arranged in parallel. The dielectrophoresis electrode array can connect different groups of electrodes to two ends of an alternating current power supply respectively, thereby forming a dielectrophoresis effect in a larger scale range, and selectively separating or enriching neutral particles contained in a fluid in or passing through the electric field coverage range of the fluid. Can be used for rapid sedimentation in the field of environmental engineering, removal of suspended impurities in gas, demulsification and purification of petroleum and crude oil, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a dielectrophoresis electrode and an electrode array for separating particles and small droplets in a medium.
Background
Dielectrophoresis describes the translational motion of electrically neutral particles, placed in a non-uniform electric field, due to the action of dielectric polarization. The dipole moment generated on the particle can be represented by two charges of the same charge but opposite polarity, which when asymmetrically distributed at the particle interface, generate a macroscopic dipole moment. When this dipole moment is placed in an asymmetric electric field, the difference in local electric field strength across the particle produces a net force known as dielectrophoretic force. Since particles suspended in a medium have a different dielectric capacity (permittivity) from that of the medium, the particles move in a direction in which the electric field intensity increases, which is called positive dielectrophoresis, whereas if the electric field intensity decreases, the particles move in a direction in which the electric field intensity decreases, which is called negative dielectrophoresis.
When the particle (radius r, relative dielectric constant ∈ is p Conductivity σ p ) Suspended in a fluid medium (relative dielectric constant ε) f Electrical conductivity of σ f ) The dielectrophoretic force received was:
in the formula:
(Here:
) (ii) a E is the mean square of the applied electric field strengthA root; epsilon 0 Is the vacuum dielectric constant; ω is the electric field angular frequency. The DEP force direction will depend on k * The real part of (ω), i.e. the CM factor, at CM>At 0, positive dielectrophoresis occurs, and the particles move from a low electric field region to a high electric field region, whereas negative dielectrophoresis occurs.
In the prior art, air dust removal usually adopts an electrostatic dust removal method, which utilizes the principle of Electrophoresis (EP) to ionize gas molecules in air in a high-voltage direct-current electric field to generate a large amount of electrons and ions, and the electrons and the ions move towards an electrode with the electric property opposite to that of the electrons and the ions under the action of the electric field force. The dust particles in the air flow are touched to charge the dust particles in the moving process, and the charged dust particles move to the electrode under the action of electric field force, so that the separation of solid particles or liquid particles from the air flow is realized. Tubular electric precipitators and plate-type electric precipitators are widely used in industry.
Unlike electrophoretic techniques:
(1) Dielectrophoresis manipulates electrically neutral particles into translational motion due to the effect of dielectric polarization; electrophoretically manipulated are electrons and ions that cause their charge to move directionally on the dust particles.
(2) The movement direction of the particles in the dielectrophoresis is independent of the direction of an electric field and only dependent on the dielectric constant of the particles and the dielectric constant of a medium; the direction of particle motion in electrophoresis depends on the sign of the charge carried by the particle and the direction of the electric field, which reverses when the direction of the electric field reverses.
(3) Dielectrophoresis requires a non-uniform electric field; electrophoresis can occur in either a uniform or non-uniform field.
(4) The magnitude of the dielectrophoretic force is proportional to the cube of the particle diameter; the magnitude of the electrophoretic force is proportional to the amount of charge carried by the particles.
Chinese patent: a dielectrophoresis electrode structure (application No. 201410407467.8, application date 2014.08.19) discloses an electrode with a cross structure, wherein, as shown in claim 1 and paragraph [0005] of the specification, a part of leads in the first lead group is connected with a positive electrode of a power supply, and the other part is connected with a negative electrode of the power supply, in the application of the electrode, a direct current power supply is introduced (only the direct current power supply divides the positive electrode and the negative electrode). Although the applicant states in paragraph [0006] that the electrode structure is capable of generating a non-uniform electric field, in principle this non-uniform electric field is not persistent.
When direct current is applied to the electrodes in the medium, charged particles which cannot be counteracted are gathered on the surfaces of the electrodes with opposite polarities due to the electrophoresis effect, so that an effect similar to electrostatic shielding is generated, and the intensity of an external electric field is reduced to 0. This does not allow the generation of an uneven electric field between the electrodes, and therefore the above arrangement does not achieve the object of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a dielectrophoresis electrode for separating particles and small droplets in a medium and an electrode array formed by electrodes arranged in parallel in the array; different groups of electrodes can be respectively connected with two ends of an alternating current power supply, and the dielectrophoresis effect can be formed in a larger range.
The technical problem is solved by the invention through the following technical scheme:
a dielectrophoresis electrode for separating particles and droplets in a medium, characterized by: the dielectrophoresis electrode comprises a metal section, the cross section of the metal section is in a shape with a bulge, and the bulge forms a ridge of the dielectrophoresis electrode.
And an insulating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the dielectrophoresis electrode.
The cross section is a polygon with sharp protrusions.
The cross section is triangular, quadrilateral, triangular star-shaped or quadrangular star-shaped.
A dielectrophoresis electrode array for separating particles and droplets in a medium, wherein: it includes a group of dielectrophoresis electrodes which are arranged in parallel in a plurality of rows; the center distance or the distance between the dielectrophoresis electrodes is uniformly distributed; the edges of the dielectrophoresis electrodes in adjacent rows and/or adjacent columns are oppositely arranged, and the two dielectrophoresis electrodes with opposite edges are respectively connected with one output end and the other output end of the alternating current power supply; the dielectrophoresis electrode is perpendicular to the flow direction of the medium or forms an acute included angle with the flow direction of the medium.
When the cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrode is triangular or triangular star-shaped, the electrode of the previous row is opposite to the ridge line of the dielectrophoresis electrode of the next row.
Taking the dielectrophoresis electrodes of the nth row to the (n + 3) th row as a unit cycle, wherein the dielectrophoresis electrodes of the nth row are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a single-angle upward manner, the dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 1) th row correspond to the space between two adjacent dielectrophoresis electrodes of the nth row and are arranged in a single-angle downward manner, the electrodes of the (n + 2) th row correspond to the dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 1) th row and are arranged in a single-angle upward manner, and the dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 3) th row correspond to the space between two adjacent dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 2) th row and are arranged in a single-angle downward manner; the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the same row as the nth row are connected to one output terminal of the alternating current power supply, and the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the same row as the (n + 1) th row are connected to the other output terminal of the alternating current power supply.
When the cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrode is in a quadrilateral or quadrilateral star shape, the edge lines of the adjacent dielectrophoresis electrodes in the same row are opposite, and the edge lines of the adjacent dielectrophoresis electrodes in the same column are opposite.
The odd number of dielectrophoresis electrodes of the nth row and the even number of dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 1) th row are connected to one output end of an alternating current power supply, and the even number of dielectrophoresis electrodes of the nth row and the odd number of dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 1) th row are connected to the other output end of the alternating current power supply.
The phase difference between one output terminal and the other output terminal of the alternating current power supply is 180 degrees.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the dielectrophoresis electrode and the electrode array can connect different groups of electrodes to two ends of an alternating current power supply respectively, can form a dielectrophoresis effect in a larger scale range, and can selectively separate or enrich the electrically neutral particles contained in the fluid in or passing through the electric field coverage range of the fluid. Compared with the application of the traditional dielectrophoresis in the micro-nano scale of the chip, the electrode wire adopted by the invention has the diameter in the millimeter scale and the length in the meter scale, and can cover the volume in the cubic meter scale or even larger after the electrode pairs are arrayed.
2. The dielectrophoresis electrode and the electrode array can be used for rapid sedimentation in the field of environmental engineering, removal of suspended impurities in gas, demulsification, purification and recycling of petroleum and crude oil and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a dielectrophoresis electrode having a triangular cross-section;
FIG. 2 is a dielectrophoresis electrode having a triangular star-shaped cross-section;
FIG. 3 is a dielectrophoresis electrode having a quadrangular cross section;
FIG. 4 is a dielectrophoresis electrode having a cross-section in the shape of a four-pointed star;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a parallel arrangement of the electrode arrays of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view (quadrilateral in cross section) of an electrode array according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an electrode array of the present invention (triangular in cross section);
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an electrode array of the present invention (cross-section is a four-pointed star);
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an electrode array of the present invention (in cross-section, a triangular star);
FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of an electrode array of the present invention having a quadrilateral cross-section;
FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of an electrode array of the present invention having a triangular cross-section;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the triangular electrode connections;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection of the triangular star electrode;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the quadrilateral electrode in electrical contact;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the four-corner star-shaped electrode connection;
FIG. 16 is a graph of the distribution (coefficient value, instantaneous) of dielectrophoretic forces generated by a square electrode array;
FIG. 17 is a graph of dielectrophoretic force distribution (coefficient values, transients) generated by a four-corner star electrode array;
FIG. 18 is a graph of the dielectrophoretic force distribution (coefficient value, instantaneous) produced by a triangular electrode array.
Description of the reference numerals
2-a dielectrophoresis electrode with a triangular cross section, 3-a dielectrophoresis electrode with a triangular star-shaped cross section, 4-a dielectrophoresis electrode with a quadrangular cross section, 5-a dielectrophoresis electrode with a quadrangular star-shaped cross section, 7-a triangular dielectrophoresis electrode array, 8-a triangular star-shaped dielectrophoresis electrode array, 9-a quadrangular dielectrophoresis electrode array and 10-a quadrangular star-shaped dielectrophoresis electrode array.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The dielectrophoresis electrode of the invention is a metal profile with a uniform geometric section in the longitudinal direction, and the outer surface of the metal profile is provided with an insulating layer which can be an insulating coating or an enamel shell. The cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrode can be a polygon with sharp bulges, and the bulges form ridge lines of the dielectrophoresis electrode; the cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrode 2 shown in fig. 1 is triangular, the cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrode 3 shown in fig. 2 is a triangular star shape, the cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrode 4 shown in fig. 3 is a quadrangular shape, and the cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrode 5 shown in fig. 4 is a quadrangular star shape.
As shown in fig. 5, a dielectrophoresis electrode array for separating particles and droplets in a medium includes dielectrophoresis electrodes arranged in parallel and in an array, wherein the dielectrophoresis electrode array is perpendicular to a flow direction of the medium or forms an acute angle with the flow direction of the medium. The electrodes are arranged in different modes according to different shapes of the cross sections of the electrodes, and the center distances or the distances between the dielectrophoresis electrodes and the dielectrophoresis electrodes around the dielectrophoresis electrodes are uniformly distributed. The dielectrophoresis electrode array can be electrodes with the same cross section shape, and can also be arranged in a mixed way with different cross section shapes, as long as the electrode ridges of two adjacent rows and/or two adjacent columns are opposite, wherein the electrodes of two adjacent rows and/or two adjacent columns are preferably adjacent electrodes with the shortest distance or the shortest center distance. The two dielectrophoresis electrodes with opposite edges are respectively connected with one output end and the other output end of an alternating current power supply, and the phase difference between the one output end and the other output end of the alternating current power supply is 180 degrees.
As shown in fig. 7, the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the dielectrophoresis electrode array 7 have a triangular cross section; as shown in fig. 9, the cross-section of the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the dielectrophoresis electrode array 8 is a triangular star shape. When the cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrode is a triangle or a triangular star, the electrode of the upper row is opposed to the electrode ridge of the lower row. As shown in fig. 11, specifically, the electrodes in the n-th to n + 3-th rows are used as a unit cycle, the electrodes in the n-th row are arranged at intervals in a unipod upward direction, the electrode positions in the n + 1-th row correspond to the electrodes in the n-th row and are arranged in a unipod downward direction, the electrode positions in the n + 2-th row correspond to the electrodes in the n + 1-th row and are arranged in a unipod upward direction, the electrode positions in the n + 3-th row correspond to the electrodes in the n + 2-th row and are arranged in a unipod downward direction, where n is a natural number, and when n =0, only the n + 1-th row is considered; the electrode structure needs to ensure that the edges of the two adjacent rows of electrodes are opposite, and the electrode group forms a hexagonal array when viewed from the section perpendicular to the axis of the electrodes. As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the electrodes in the odd-numbered rows are connected to one output terminal of the ac power supply, and the electrodes in the even-numbered rows are connected to the other output terminal of the ac power supply.
As shown in fig. 6, the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the dielectrophoresis electrode array 9 have a quadrangular cross section; as shown in fig. 8, the cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the dielectrophoresis electrode array 10 is a four-pointed star shape. When the cross section of the dielectrophoresis is quadrilateral or quadrilateral star, the edge lines of the adjacent electrodes in the same row are opposite, and the edge lines of the adjacent electrodes in the same column are opposite. As shown in fig. 14 and 15, the odd-numbered dielectrophoresis electrodes of the nth row and the even-numbered dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 1) th row are connected to one output terminal of the alternating-current power supply, and the even-numbered dielectrophoresis electrodes of the nth row and the odd-numbered dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 1) th row are connected to the other output terminal of the alternating-current power supply.
The working principle of the dielectrophoresis electrode array for separating particles and small droplets in a medium is as follows:
as shown in fig. 12-15, all the electrodes in the dielectrophoresis electrode array are divided into two groups, the electrodes in the same group are connected with the same output end of the alternating current power supply, the phase of the alternating current between the two groups of electrodes is 180 degrees, and the black and white electrodes in the figure symbolize the electrodes which need to be connected with different output ends of the alternating current power supply. As shown in fig. 16, 17, and 18, when the ac power is turned on, a non-uniform electric field is formed between the ridges of the electrodes facing each other, and a distribution pattern of the dielectrophoresis force range of the stripe-shaped body is generated in the dielectrophoresis electrode array along the longitudinal direction of the electrodes.
When the frequency of the alternating current power supply input is different, the positive dielectrophoresis effect or the negative dielectrophoresis effect is generated. The dust-containing airflow enters the quadrilateral electrode group area along the direction vertical to the axis of the electrode, when the dust-containing airflow passes through the coverage range of the alternating current electric field, the particles in the airflow move to the direction of large electric field intensity under the action of dielectrophoresis force and gather at the edge of the electrode, and when the dielectrophoresis force is larger than the Stokes force (the particles are mainly stressed as viscous resistance in low-speed fluid), the particles can be captured in the electric field range formed by the electrode. And when the particle concentration is sufficiently large, the particles around the electrodes agglomerate into larger particles and settle down due to collisions and "chain" effects. This allows the particles in the gas or fluid to be separated and collected.
Different liquids in the emulsion show different electric polarization properties under the action of an electric field, and the difference can enable suspended liquid drops to generate a dielectrophoresis effect in the uneven electric field and move towards the same direction, namely towards the position of high electric field intensity. During the movement, the liquid film between two small droplets will be broken due to the collision and the local high electric field strength, and thus coalesce into larger droplets. With continued movement and droplet coalescence, the emulsification will be broken to form two distinct liquid phases and be separated.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Claims (3)
1. A dielectrophoresis electrode array for separating particles and droplets within a medium, wherein: the device comprises a plurality of rows of dielectrophoresis electrodes which are arranged in parallel, wherein the center distances or intervals among the dielectrophoresis electrodes are uniformly distributed; the edges of the dielectrophoresis electrodes in adjacent rows and/or adjacent columns are oppositely arranged, and the two dielectrophoresis electrodes with opposite edges are respectively connected with one output end and the other output end of the alternating current power supply; the dielectrophoresis electrode is vertical to the flowing direction of the medium or forms an acute included angle with the flowing direction of the medium;
the dielectrophoresis electrode is a metal section, the cross section of the metal section is in a shape with a bulge, and the bulge forms a ridge of the dielectrophoresis electrode;
the cross section is a polygon with sharp bulges;
when the cross section of the dielectrophoresis electrode is triangular or triangular star-shaped, the edge lines of the electrodes in the upper row are opposite to the edge lines of the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the lower row;
taking the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the nth to (n + 3) th rows as a unit cycle, wherein the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the nth row are arranged at intervals and are arranged in a single-corner upward manner, the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the (n + 1) th row correspond to the position between two adjacent dielectrophoresis electrodes in the nth row and are arranged in a single-corner downward manner, the electrodes in the (n + 2) th row correspond to the position between the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the (n + 1) th row and are arranged in a single-corner upward manner, and the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the (n + 3) th row correspond to the position between two adjacent dielectrophoresis electrodes in the (n + 2) th row and are arranged in a single-corner downward manner; the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the nth row are connected to one output end of the alternating current power supply, and the dielectrophoresis electrodes in the (n + 1) th row are connected to the other output end of the alternating current power supply;
when an alternating current power supply is switched on, an uneven electric field is formed between the opposite ridges of the electrodes, and the range distribution of the strip-shaped dielectrophoresis force is generated in the dielectrophoresis electrode array along the length direction of the electrodes;
and an insulating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the dielectrophoresis electrode.
2. A dielectrophoresis electrode array for separating particles and droplets within a medium according to claim 1, wherein: the odd number of dielectrophoresis electrodes of the nth row and the even number of dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 1) th row are connected to one output terminal of an alternating current power supply, and the even number of dielectrophoresis electrodes of the nth row and the odd number of dielectrophoresis electrodes of the (n + 1) th row are connected to the other output terminal of the alternating current power supply.
3. A dielectrophoresis electrode array for separating particles and droplets in a medium according to claim 1, wherein: the phase difference between one output terminal and the other output terminal of the alternating current power supply is 180 degrees.
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| CN109738505B (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2020-07-28 | 重庆大学 | Dielectrophoresis-based arrayed liquid crystal sensor |
| CN110127820A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-16 | 杭州拉谷科技有限公司 | A kind of array high voltage static electric water treeting device and its application |
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| US7686934B2 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2010-03-30 | Gamida For Life B.V. | Three dimensional dielectrophoretic separator and methods of use |
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| US6280590B1 (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 2001-08-28 | Nanogen, Inc. | Channel-less separation of bioparticles on a bioelectronic chip by dielectrophoresis |
| JP2003504629A (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2003-02-04 | ユニバーシティ・オブ・ウェールズ・バンゴア | Dielectrophoresis apparatus and method |
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