CN106305510B - Pond aquaculture method - Google Patents
Pond aquaculture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106305510B CN106305510B CN201610691007.1A CN201610691007A CN106305510B CN 106305510 B CN106305510 B CN 106305510B CN 201610691007 A CN201610691007 A CN 201610691007A CN 106305510 B CN106305510 B CN 106305510B
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a green and healthy pond aquaculture method, wherein in the aquaculture process, a pH regulator prepared from distiller's grain dry powder and fermented bean curd residue dry powder is added into an aquaculture pond, so that the pH value of a water body is controlled within a range suitable for the growth of aquaculture organisms. Furthermore, the invention applies plant ash, bean curd residue and vinasse to aquaculture on the basis of ensuring the quality of aquatic products so as to realize the purpose of green and healthy aquaculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a green and healthy pond aquaculture method.
Background
The accumulation of chemical drugs and the excrement of the cultured organisms applied in the aquaculture process has obvious influence on the pH value of the water environment and the water quality. The water in the water areas along the yellow river areas (the quaguerre flag, the dalatel flag, the Hangjin flag and the Eltoke flag) in the Eldos city is alkaline, and when the aquaculture is carried out for 6-8 months, the pH value of the aquaculture water can reach 8.8-9.0, so that the growth of the cultured fishes is seriously influenced. In addition, a large amount of chemical agents (disinfectants) applied before cultivation are remained in the water body, so that the water body and the benthic environment of the pond are further deteriorated, if quicklime is used for disinfection for a long time, the calcification of soil in the pond is seriously unfavorable for the growth of plants, and the purification of the pond is greatly influenced. In the face of the problems, the traditional culture mode adopts a method of changing water or splashing a medicament, and the traditional treatment mode not only wastes time and labor and has high cost, but also influences the growth of aquaculture organisms and the quality of aquatic products to a great extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to apply plant ash, bean curd residue and vinasse to aquaculture on the basis of ensuring the quality of aquatic products so as to realize the purpose of green and healthy aquaculture.
The invention is based on the following idea: conveying applianceIn the aquaculture process, quicklime (60-75 kg/mu) is adopted for disinfection, pond cleaning, disease prevention and treatment, and excessive use of the quicklime can increase the water hardness of the pond, so that the problems of water quality drastic change, anoxic fish death and the like are caused. The plant ash contains CaO, MgO and Na2O、K2The total percentage of O accounts for 68.68%, and after dissolving in water, the mixture reacts with water to generate a great amount of Ca (OH)2、Mg(OH)2Strong alkaline solution of KOH and NaOH, so the effect of the plant ash liquid can be equal to that of quicklime, and the water quality can not be caused to be changed greatly. Organic acid contained in bean curd residue and distiller's grains can react with [ OH ] in water-]Neutralization reaction occurs, so that the pH value of the water body is reduced, and no adverse reaction occurs after the soybean curb residue and the vinasse are ingested by the fish.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a water body pH regulator in aquaculture, which comprises the effective components of distiller's grains dry powder and fermented soybean curb residue dry powder.
Wherein, the mass percentages of water, crude starch, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash content in the dried distillers 'grains powder are respectively 7.24-9.84%, 5.17-8.43%, 5.04-8.32%, 1.14-2.42%, 3.45-5.64% and 2.24-3.35%, the acidity of the dried distillers' grains powder is 3-3.5 mmo L/10 g (in terms of lactic acid), and the pH value is 3.35-4.84.
The fermented bean curd residue dry powder contains 5.45-6.65% of water, 35.15-37.40% of crude starch, 15.44-17.83% of crude fat, 5.13-6.08% of crude fiber and 3.21-3.85% of ash by mass, the acidity of the fermented bean curd residue dry powder is 2-3 mmo L/10 g (calculated by lactic acid), and the pH value is 6.24-6.75.
The pH regulator has an acidity of 2.2-3.1 mmo L/10 g and a pH value of 3.5-4.5.
The grain size of the vinasse dry powder and the fermented bean curd residue dry powder is 4-6 meshes, and the vinasse dry powder and the fermented bean curd residue dry powder are preferably mixed according to equal weight.
The pH regulator prepared by mixing the distiller's grains dry powder and the fermented bean curd residue dry powder according to equal weight comprises 6.34-8.24% of water, 20.16-24.91% of crude starch, 10.24-13.08% of crude fat, 3.13-4.24% of crude fiber and 2.72-3.60% of ash by weight percent respectively.
Wherein the fermented bean curd residue dry powder can be prepared by the following method:
stirring and uniformly mixing the bean curd residue, water and the fermentation composite microbial inoculum, fermenting at room temperature for 60-72 hours (the bean curd residue fermentation is greatly influenced by the temperature, the bean curd residue can be fed after being fermented for 60-72 hours in summer generally, a large amount of organic acid is needed in the invention, and the organic acid product is close to the maximum value after the bean curd residue is fermented for 60-72 hours), removing substances which have adverse effects on cultured fishes, such as saponin, antitrypsin, hemagglutinin and the like in the bean curd residue raw material after the fermentation is finished, drying at 50-65 ℃, and sieving by a 4-6-mesh sieve (the particle size is close to that of the feed for adult fishes and is about 3-5 mm);
wherein the weight ratio of the water to the dry matter of the bean curd residues is 1: 0.5-0.6, and the fermentation composite microbial inoculum is added according to 0.4-0.5 percent of the total weight of the water and the bean curd residues;
the fermentation complex microbial inoculum used by the invention contains saccharomycetes, bifidobacterium, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and actinomycetes, the total viable bacteria amount is 200 hundred million/m L, the fermentation complex microbial inoculum is purchased from Kangyuan oasis Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, the execution standard is Q/HDK L A0001-2013, and the registration certificate number is microbial fertilizer (2014) standard letter (1461).
The vinasse is fermented vinasse, and is dried at 50-65 ℃ by baking equipment in the same drying mode as the bean curd residues.
The invention also provides application of the pH regulator in regulating the pH value of a water body in aquaculture.
The invention further provides a green and healthy pond aquaculture method, and in the aquaculture process, the pH value of the water body is controlled within a range suitable for the growth of cultured organisms by adding the pH regulator into the aquaculture pond.
The pH regulator can be added according to the weight ratio of the pH regulator to the water in the culture pond of 1: 8000-10000, and the pH regulator is splashed in a staged feeding mode so as to realize the continuous control of the pH value.
Preferably, the time for throwing the pH regulator is consistent with the time for throwing the bait; if the feeding amount calculated according to the proportion of the pH regulator and the aquaculture pond water is more than the total amount of the bait fed for 7 days continuously, the pH regulator is added according to the proportion of 30 percent of the total amount of the bait fed for 7 days.
The method also comprises the steps of adding the plant ash liquid into the aquaculture pond to disinfect and clean the pond, prevent and treat diseases and the like in the aquaculture process.
Wherein [ OH ] in the plant ash liquid-]The content of the calcium carbonate is 80-120 g/L, and the average content is 100 g/L (Ca (OH)2Meter).
When the plant ash liquid is used for cleaning ponds, the using amount of the plant ash liquid is calculated according to the unit of m3A water body meter, wherein the plant ash liquid 20L is added during wet pond cleaning, and the plant ash liquid 10L is added during dry pond cleaning;
for preventing fish diseases, the amount of plant ash liquid is calculated per m3Adding 0.19-0.22L of plant ash liquid into the water body meter;
for treating fish diseases, the dosage of plant ash liquid is per m3Adding 0.22-0.3L of plant ash liquid into the water body meter;
for treating hemorrhage, the dosage of plant ash solution per m3And (4) adding 0.37-0.45L of plant ash liquid into the water body.
The plant ash liquid can be slowly injected in an infusion mode, so that the oxygen deficiency condition is avoided. The plant ash liquid can replace quicklime and is suitable for all culture periods, such as pond cleaning, disinfection, disease prevention and treatment and the like.
In one embodiment of the invention, the entire cultivation cycle is divided into 24 weeks, and the pH regulator is added "in double" weeks from the start of cultivation, and its function is to achieve continuous control of pH during cultivation. (FIG. 1)
① adding the total amount of the pH regulator every week in the early period (week 1-8) of cultivation, and the total amount of the pH regulator is calculated according to the weight ratio of the pH regulator to the water in the cultivation pond of 1:10000, in the middle period (week 9-16) and in the later period (week 17-24), and the total amount of the pH regulator is calculated according to the weight ratio of the pH regulator to the water in the cultivation pond of 1: 8000.
② the daily dosage is 1/7 of total dosage for 7 days, the time of each time of the mixture is consistent with the bait casting time, if the total dosage calculated according to the proportion of the mixture and the water body is more than the total dosage of the bait cast for 7 days, the total dosage is 30% of the total dosage of the 7 days bait casting.
The green and healthy pond aquaculture method is suitable for the aquaculture of yellow river carps in Ordos, yellow river catfishes in Ordos, yellow river gulch fishes, giant beach fishes, large bay fishes and other fishes.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) in aquaculture, the thrown quicklime releases a large amount of heat energy when meeting water, so that cultured organisms are easy to feel uncomfortable, and the hardness of the pond water is increased due to excessive use of the quicklime; the same effect can be obtained by replacing quicklime with vegetation ash liquid, but the above problem is not caused.
(2) Splashing quicklime in the small pond easily causes the water quality of the pond to change sharply to kill fish; the use of the vegetation liquor can not cause the drastic change of the water quality of the pond.
(3) Splashing quicklime in the whole pool can cause oxygen deficiency in the next morning; the plant ash liquid can be slowly injected in an infusion mode, so that the oxygen deficiency condition is avoided.
(4) The plant ash liquid contains a large amount of inorganic ions, can be absorbed by plants in water, and is beneficial to the purification of the pond.
(5) The pH regulator prepared from bean curd residue and distiller's grains is added into the pond, so that the pH value can be continuously regulated and controlled in the culture process, and the phenomena of discomfort or death of cultured fishes caused by pH value mutation are avoided.
(6) The feed can be replaced by 10% of the feed by adding pH regulator prepared from bean curd residue and distiller's grains during feeding.
(7) The pH regulator prepared from the bean curd residues and the vinasse is added in stages, so that the pH value of a water body can be prevented from being greatly changed, further discomfort of fishes is caused, and the flexibility of pH value regulation is realized.
(8) The pH value is regulated and controlled by the pH regulator prepared from the bean curd residue and the vinasse, so that the cost saving and green healthy culture of fish culture can be realized.
(9) The method limits the upper limit of the dosage of the pH regulator, and aims to avoid nutritional deficiency diseases caused by mixing a large amount of the pH regulator and feeding the mixture by the fish. In the aspect of adjusting the pH value, the days of putting can be properly prolonged to obtain further regulation and control of the pH value.
(10) The addition of pH regulator prepared from bean curd residue and distiller's grains can also eliminate the need for fertilizing water.
(11) The mixture of the bean curd residue and the vinasse which is not ingested by the fishes is extremely easy to decompose in water, does not form a large amount of sediments, and does not cause secondary pollution to the culture environment.
(12) The mixture of the bean curd residue and the vinasse contains a large amount of inorganic nutrient components, and can be used as the nutrition of microorganisms or large aquatic plants in a pond after being decomposed, so that the self purification capacity of the water body is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the green and healthy pond aquaculture method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an analysis chart of components of plant ash in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the preparation of the vegetation ash solution in example 1 of the present invention. Wherein, the filter cloth is arranged on the filter layer of the grey water tank to prevent the filter cloth from being damaged, and water is firstly filled and then grey is added; the volume ratio of water to plant ash is about 4: 3.
FIG. 4 is a theoretical basis for adjusting the pH value of the water body by the bean curd refuse and the distiller's grains in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the pH of water in green healthy pond aquaculture methods of example 3 of the present invention and conventional aquaculture methods.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are commercially available products.
The fermentation complex microbial inoculum used in the following examples contains saccharomycetes, bifidobacteria, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and actinomycetes, the total viable bacteria amount is 200 hundred million/m L, the execution standard is Q/HDK L A0001-2013, and the registration number is microbial fertilizer (2014) standard (1461).
The acidity values referred to in the present invention are all in terms of lactic acid.
Example 1 preparation of vegetation liquor
1. Theoretical basis for disinfection and pond cleaning by using plant ash
The content of the excessive inorganic nutrient salt in the gray matter is determined as follows: SiO 22＝14.96％，Al2O3＝6.75％，Fe2O3＝2.75％，CaO＝53.94％，MgO＝8.27％，Na2O＝0.57％，K2O＝5.9％，TiO2＝0.2％，SO3＝0.66％，MnO2＝0.014％，P2O55.352%. As shown in particular in fig. 2.
In the traditional aquaculture process, quicklime (60-75 kg/mu) is adopted for disinfection, pond cleaning, disease prevention and treatment, and the plant ash contains CaO, MgO and Na2O、K2The total percentage of O accounts for 68.68%, and after dissolving in water, the mixture reacts with water to generate a great amount of Ca (OH)2、Mg(OH)2Strong alkaline solution of KOH and NaOH, so the effect of the plant ash liquid can be equal to that of quicklime.
2. Plant ash treatment method
When preparing the plant ash liquid, the plant ash liquid is prepared as shown in figure 3, and the plant ash liquid should not be kept for a long time and should be prepared for use.
3. Action and dosage of plant ash liquid in aquaculture
(1) In plant ash liquid [ OH-]Content (wt.)
The [ OH ] in the plant ash liquid prepared by the method-]The content of the calcium carbonate is 80-120 g/L, and the average content is 100 g/L (Ca (OH)2Meter).
(2) Dosage in pond cleaning
150kg of quicklime (equivalent to 1.5 m) is used per mu of pond (water depth of 1m) with water3The plant ash liquid; 75kg of quicklime (equivalent to 0.75 m) is used per mu for dry cleaning the pond (the water depth is 10cm)3The plant ash liquid.
(3) Dosage for preventing and treating fish diseases
The amount of the quicklime is 13-15 kg for preventing fish diseases per mu of water surface (water depth is 1m), which is equivalent to 0.13-0.15 m3The plant ash liquid; 15-20 kg of fish disease treatment, which is equivalent to 0.15-0.20 m3The plant ash liquid; 25-30 kg for treating hemorrhage, which is equivalent to 0.25-0.30 m3The plant ash liquid.
The plant ash liquid can replace quicklime and is suitable for all culture periods, such as pond cleaning, disinfection, disease prevention and treatment and the like.
Example 2 Water body pH regulator for Aquaculture prepared from Bean curd refuse and distiller's grains
1. Theoretical basis for adjusting pH value of water body
During the aquaculture process, the residual feed (feed) not ingested by the farmed animals and the feces of the farmed animals generate a certain amount of NH through a series of complicated chemical and biological processes3And NH4 +This is also the main reason for the increase of pH and deterioration of water quality of the culture water, and if a mixture of distiller's grains and bean curd refuse containing a large amount of organic acid is continuously added during the culture, it can effectively react with NH4 +And (3) reacting to remove part of N in the culture water body, thereby achieving the aims of improving water quality and reducing pH value (figure 4).
2. Method for processing bean curd residue and distiller's grains
(1) Fermenting bean curd residues: uniformly stirring and mixing the bean curd residue, water and the fermentation composite microbial inoculum, adding the composite microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 0.4-0.5 percent of the total weight of the water and the bean curd residue, adding water according to the actual condition of the bean curd residue, ensuring that the weight ratio of the water to the dry matter of the bean curd residue is about 1:0.6, and putting the mixture into a fermentation barrel for fermentation for 72 hours at room temperature. After the bean curd residue is fermented, some substances which have adverse effects on cultured fishes, such as saponin, antitrypsin, hemagglutinin and the like, are removed.
(2) And respectively drying the vinasse and the bean curd residues in the same drying mode by using baking equipment at the temperature of 50-65 ℃, wherein the vinasse is subjected to fermentation treatment, so that the vinasse and the bean curd residues can be directly dried.
(3) The dried vinasse and the bean curd residues are respectively crushed and sieved by a 4-mesh sieve.
Wherein the raw materials are dried and pulverizedThe organic acid contained in the bean curd residue and the vinasse which are sieved for splashing can be mixed with the [ OH ] in the water body-]The reaction is sufficient, on one hand, in order to reduce the pH value of the water body as much as possible, on the other hand, no adverse reaction is caused after the soybean curb residue and the vinasse are ingested by the fish, and in addition, the soybean curb residue and the vinasse are in a floating or suspending state as much as possible in the water body, so that the soybean curb residue and the vinasse can be ingested by the fish while the neutralization effect is fully exerted, and the pressure on the pond environment is reduced.
3. The bean curd residue and distiller's grains in aquaculture have effect and dosage
The whole culture period is divided into 24 weeks, and the prepared pH regulator is added in 'double' weeks from the beginning of culture, and the pH value is continuously controlled in the culture process. (FIG. 1)
① adding the total amount of the pH regulator every week in the early period (week 1-8) of cultivation, and the total amount of the pH regulator is calculated according to the weight ratio of the pH regulator to the water in the cultivation pond of 1:10000, in the middle period (week 9-16) and in the later period (week 17-24), and the total amount of the pH regulator is calculated according to the weight ratio of the pH regulator to the water in the cultivation pond of 1: 8000.
② the daily dosage is 1/7 of total dosage for 7 days, the time of each time of the mixture is consistent with the bait casting time, if the total dosage calculated according to the proportion of the mixture and the water body is more than the total dosage of the bait cast for 7 days, the total dosage is 30% of the total dosage of the 7 days bait casting.
Firstly, because the protein content in the mixture of the bean curd residues and the vinasse is only 25-32% of that of the adult fish feed, the mixture of the bean curd residues and the vinasse which is put into the pond can be eaten by the aquaculture organisms to replace part of the feed, the feed feeding amount is reduced by 30% while the mixture of the bean curd residues and the vinasse is put into the pond, and the maximum putting amount of the mixture of the bean curd residues and the vinasse is set to ensure the nutrition requirement of the growth of the aquaculture organisms. Secondly, if the water volume of the aquaculture pond is large, the mixture of the bean curd residues and the vinasse calculated according to the proportion is also large, and if the bean curd residues and the vinasse mixture are thrown into the pond without being heated by fish, the pressure of the water environment is increased, so that the upper limit of the throwing amount is set. Moreover, the adjustment of the pH value can be realized without adding the water according to the weight ratio of 1: 8000-10000 of the pond water, so that the adding days can be properly relaxed.
Example 3 Green and healthy Pond Aquaculture method
All tests of the invention are carried out in a mode of combining indoor tests and outdoor tests, the indoor tests provide theoretical basis for the outdoor tests, and the outdoor tests verify and correct the indoor test results, which are as follows:
(1) the laboratory determines that the total acidity of the fermented bean curd residue dry powder is 2-3 mmo L/10 g (lactic acid meter), the pH is 6.24-6.75, the total acidity of the distiller's grains dry powder is 3-3.5 mmo L/10 g (lactic acid meter), the pH is 3.35-4.84, and the total alkalinity (CO) of the aquaculture water body at different periods3H–Gage), total hardness (CO)3H2–Meter), pH, etc. are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
(2) The nutrient contents of the vinasse and the fermented soybean curb residue are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2
Note: the table shows the content range of each nutrient component of the commonly used adult fish feed in the local area
(3) According to the data measured by experiments and the contents of all the nutrient components of the common fish feed in the local region (Ordos city), the mixing proportion of the vinasse and the fermented bean curd residues for reducing the pH value of the aquaculture water is determined, and the standard is to ensure that the contents of all the nutrient components of the mixture are consistent with or similar to the contents of all the nutrient components of the fed feed as far as possible. The contents of the nutritional ingredients of the vinasse and the bean curd refuse after being mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1 are shown in the table 3:
TABLE 3
(4) Indoor test A: practical determination of 1:1 mixture of distiller's grains and fermented soybean curd residue dry powderThe acidity is 2.2-3.1 mmo L/10 g, the pH value is 3.5-4.5 (the bean curd residue and the vinasse in each batch are slightly different), the mixture of the vinasse and the fermented bean curd residue dry powder 1:1 is subjected to neutralization by different gradients of Ca (OH) with different concentrations2The solution (prepared by quicklime used in fishery production) shows that after the vinasse and the dry bean curd residue powder are mixed in a ratio of 1:1, the ability of neutralizing alkaline substances is still strong, namely, a mixture of 1kg of vinasse and bean curd residue can neutralize 45-48 g of quicklime.
(5) And (4) indoor test B: taking pond culture water in different culture periods, setting experiment groups with different culture water volumes, measuring total alkalinity, total hardness and pH value of water bodies of the experiment groups, adjusting the pH value with a 1:1 mixture of vinasse and bean curd residue dry powder, wherein the experiment results show that 10g of the 1:1 mixture of the vinasse and the bean curd residue dry powder is thrown in 1m3After 7 days, the cumulative reduction amplitude of the pH value of the aquaculture water body in different aquaculture periods is 0.17-0.20, the pH cumulative change amplitude of the water body in the early stage of aquaculture is the largest, the pH cumulative change amplitude of the water body in the later stage of aquaculture is the smallest, and the pH change amplitudes of the water body in the early stage of aquaculture are not obviously different.
(6) And in an indoor test C, a relatively slow process of neutralizing the aquaculture water body by using the mixture of the vinasse and the bean curd residue dry powder in a ratio of 1:1 is considered, ① shows that the mixture of the vinasse and the bean curd residue dry powder in one time is likely to be corrupted, ② the insufficiently reacted mixture has a large amount of organic acid which may affect the health of the aquaculture fish after being ingested by the fish, ③ the ratio of the mixture of the vinasse and the bean curd residue dry powder in the ratio of 1:1 which may replace feed and other factors, and a test of gradually adding the mixture of the vinasse and the bean curd residue dry powder is arranged on the basis of the test B, and the result shows that the effect of reducing the pH value is obviously higher than that of adding the mixture in one time when the cumulative change amount of the pH value is 0.15.
Specific test examples:
on the basis of the theory of the indoor test C, 4 ponds with similar areas, water volumes, water quality conditions and culture conditions are selected for carrying out outdoor tests, wherein firstly, the regulation effect of the mixture of the vinasse and the bean curd residue dry powder on the pH value of the culture pond is preliminarily determined; and secondly, determining whether the splashed mixture has adverse effects on the water environment of the pond by calculating the sediment flux at the bottom of the pond. One of the water quality control groups is used as a control group, the other three water quality control groups are used as test groups, and test results show that the water sprinkling is carried out according to the weight ratio of the mixture to the water in the culture pond of 1: 8000-10000, and the accumulated water sprinkling can be reduced by 0.14-0.16 after 7 days; the sediment flux of 3 test groups was not significantly different from the control group.
According to the method, the pH value can be continuously maintained in the range of 7.9-8.2 in the whole culture period (figure 5). The method is particularly suitable for aquaculture with high quality requirements on aquatic products, and the inner Mongolia farm animal product quality safety center evaluates the products of 'Erdos city yellow river carp' and 'Erdos city yellow river catfish' cultured by the process, and the result shows that the aquatic product quality has unique quality characteristics (Table 4).
TABLE 4
Note: the detection methods of water, protein, fat, sodium, calcium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese are respectively carried out according to GB/T5009.3-2003, GB/T5009.5-2003, GB/T5009.6-2003, GB/T5009.91-2003, GB/T5009.92-2003, GB/T5009.13-2003, GB/T5009.14-2003, GB/T5009.90-2003 and GB/T5009.90-2003 standards.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The pH regulator for water body in aquaculture is characterized in that the effective components of the pH regulator are distiller's grains dry powder and fermented bean curd residue dry powder;
wherein, the mass percentages of water, crude starch, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash content in the dried distillers 'grains powder are respectively 7.24-9.84%, 5.17-8.43%, 5.04-8.32%, 1.14-2.42%, 3.45-5.64% and 2.24-3.35%, the acidity of the dried distillers' grains powder is 3-3.5 mmo L/10 g, and the pH value is 3.35-4.84;
the fermented bean curd residue dry powder contains 5.45-6.65% of water, 35.15-37.40% of crude starch, 15.44-17.83% of crude fat, 5.13-6.08% of crude fiber and 3.21-3.85% of ash by mass, the acidity of the fermented bean curd residue dry powder is 2-3 mmo L/10 g, and the pH value is 6.24-6.75.
2. The pH regulator according to claim 1, wherein the pH regulator has an acidity of 2.2 to 3.1mmo L/10 g and a pH of 3.5 to 4.5.
3. The pH regulator according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the dried distiller's grains powder and the dried fermented soybean curb residue powder is 4-6 meshes, and the two are mixed according to equal weight.
4. The pH regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fermented bean curd refuse dry powder is prepared by the following method:
uniformly stirring and mixing the bean curd residue, water and the fermentation composite microbial inoculum, fermenting at room temperature for 60-72 hours, removing saponin, antitrypsin and hemagglutinin in the bean curd residue raw material after the fermentation is finished, drying at 50-65 ℃, and sieving by a 4-6-mesh sieve to obtain the bean curd residue;
wherein the weight ratio of the water to the dry matter of the bean curd residues is 1: 0.5-0.6, and the fermentation composite microbial inoculum is added according to 0.4-0.5 percent of the total weight of the water and the bean curd residues;
the fermentation complex microbial inoculum contains saccharomycetes, bifidobacteria, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and actinomycetes, and the total viable bacteria amount is 200 hundred million/m L.
5. A method for using pH regulator in aquaculture, which is characterized in that the pH regulator of any one of claims 1-4 is used for regulating the pH value of water body in aquaculture.
6. A green and healthy pond aquaculture method, characterized in that in the aquaculture process, the pH value of a water body is controlled within a range suitable for the growth of aquaculture organisms by adding the pH regulator of any one of claims 1-4 into an aquaculture pond.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pH regulator is added in a weight ratio of 1: 8000-10000 to the pond water, and the pH regulator is sprinkled in a staged feeding manner to realize continuous control of pH value.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the time of administering the pH adjusting agent is consistent with the time of baiting; if the feeding amount calculated according to the proportion of the pH regulator and the aquaculture pond water is more than the total amount of the bait fed for 7 days continuously, the pH regulator is added according to the proportion of 30 percent of the total amount of the bait fed for 7 days.
9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, further comprising the steps of adding vegetation ash solution to an aquaculture pond during aquaculture to disinfect the pond and prevent and treat diseases;
wherein [ OH ] in the plant ash liquid-]The content is 80-120 g/L.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the amount of plant ash solution used per m is selected for cleaning the pond3A water body meter, wherein the plant ash liquid 20L is added during wet pond cleaning, and the plant ash liquid 10L is added during dry pond cleaning;
for preventing fish diseases, the amount of plant ash liquid is calculated per m3Adding 0.19-0.22L of plant ash liquid into the water body meter;
for treating fish diseases, the dosage of plant ash liquid is per m3Adding 0.22-0.3L of plant ash liquid into the water body meter;
for treating hemorrhage, the dosage of plant ash liquid is according toPer m3And (4) adding 0.37-0.45L of plant ash liquid into the water body.
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