CN106271026B - The method and apparatus for realizing agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique - Google Patents
The method and apparatus for realizing agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN106271026B CN106271026B CN201610727895.8A CN201610727895A CN106271026B CN 106271026 B CN106271026 B CN 106271026B CN 201610727895 A CN201610727895 A CN 201610727895A CN 106271026 B CN106271026 B CN 106271026B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and apparatus for realizing agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique, and the device mainly includes: external electromagnetic generating device, internal electromagnetic supporting device and electrical control cabinets.Internal electromagnetic supporting device specifically includes that support wheel, interior shelf and internal electromagnet.External electromagnetic generating device specifically includes that exterior support frame and external electrical magnet.Wherein, using method specifically: the characteristics of nonferromugnetic material can be penetrated using anisotropy field and attracted each other, attract the anisotropic electromagnetic supporting device at weld seam back by external electromagnetic generating device, realize that band reserves the enclosed construction nonferromugnetic material flexible interior support function of aperture, so that weld seam back is obtained effective inner support effect, can be taken out at the preformed hole from closed cylinder when welding and completing.This support force that need to be provided inside closed cylinder is converted to by present invention realization to be provided by external electromagnetic suction, and apparatus structure is simple, volume reduces, convenient for taking-up.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and apparatus of agitating friction weldering inner support more particularly to a kind of realized using electromagnetic technique to stir
The method and apparatus for mixing friction welding (FW) flexible interior support.
Background technique
Agitating friction weldering is a kind of novel solid phase joining technique, is rubbed using the shaft shoulder and mixing needle with what friction of workpiece generated
Chafing makes the material near welding point reach mecystasis, and material flowability increases, when stirring-head moves forward, plastification
Material under the extruding of the shaft shoulder and the stirring action of mixing needle, be moved to the rear of stirring-head, be cooled into welding point.
Friction Stir Welding technology has following features: do not generate fusion welding defect, welding deformation it is small, it is easy to operate, be suitable for it is a variety of
Material and joint form.Currently, agitating friction welding technology is widely applied in the welding field of low-melting-point metal, especially
It is aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy etc..
But agitating friction weldering needs to provide rigid support to face of weld under normal circumstances, for can not much provide
For the structure of back rigid support, fusing soldering method is more favourable instead, limits agitating friction and is welded in tube structure welding
On application.Enclosed type tube structure, mailbox configuration with reserved opening etc., Friction Stir Welding technology is although possess many excellent
Point is but difficult to use in the welding of these closed structures.
The agitating friction weldering of the low melting materials such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy is current research hotspot, while these materials
Have the characteristics that one it is common be exactly be nonferromugnetic material.Penetration capacity of the magnetic field in nonferromugnetic material is strong, therefore can
This support force that need to be provided inside closed cylinder to be converted to and is provided by external electromagnetic suction by electromagnetic force, from
And can simplify the structure of inner support, reduce its volume, reserves aperture closing means for band and realize that flexible interior support provides theory
Foundation.
The stirring of both ends center band reserved opening closed cylinder mentioned in Chinese invention patent 201410025569.3 rubs
Weldering inner supporting device is wiped, circular weld is only limited and uses, belong to purely mechanic connected support structure, structure is complicated, and occupied space is big,
Weldment both ends need to reserve macropore, and circular weld of the present invention and longitudinal seam are applicable in, and can be taken out from reserved aperture." just
Property dynamic support Friction stir welding research " Cui Fan etc., rigidly moving support friction stir weld device involved in article can only
The boxing seam welding constant for both ends diameter, postwelding support device just can be taken off.Existing literature data and report are consulted, mostly
Support construction be mechanical package part, have no using electromagnetic penetration and the apparatus and method of offer inner support be mutually provided.Similar " magnetcisuspension
Floating technology " has an application on train, support device, buffer unit, but its utilize be that same sex magnetic field is repelled each other principle, if using
On inner supporting structure, need to have rigid support in inside, and volume is big, structure is complicated, it is difficult to take out, and is generally unsuitable for sealing
Close structure inner supporting device.Electromagnetic attraction has application on electromagnetism slingcart, portal jib crane, but is that direct contact type is inhaled
Draw, and electromagnet quantity is non-adjustable.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims at the closed barrels solved to nonferromugnetic materials such as aluminium alloys to provide branch in agitating friction weldering
Support problem reduces the volume of inner supporting structure, facilitates the taking-up of closed barrel support device, provides a kind of using electromagnetic technique
The method and apparatus for realizing agitating friction weldering flexible interior support.
Offer technical solution is provided are as follows:
A kind of device for realizing agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique, agitating friction flexible interior support dress
Set includes: internal electromagnetic supporting device, external electromagnetic generating device and support device electrical control cabinet;
Internal electromagnetic supporting device includes: support wheel, interior shelf, the inside electromagnet being axially movable, described
Multiple internal electromagnet are set in the parallel connecting rod in interior shelf two sides, and support wheel is arranged on the center of interior shelf
Connecting rod passes axially through, and the connecting rod in interior shelf is connect with support wheel by bearing, the center in interior shelf
Connecting rod is provided parallel to or the connecting rod parallel perpendicular to the two sides that internal electromagnet is arranged.
External electromagnetic generating device includes: exterior support frame for connecting friction stir welding machine head and multiple can axially move
Dynamic external electrical magnet, the external electrical magnet are arranged in the parallel connecting rod in exterior support frame two sides and equal with internal electromagnet
It corresponds.
Further, it is connected through a screw thread between each connecting rod of interior shelf;For internal electromagnet and outside to be arranged
The connecting rod of electromagnet equal adjustable angle on electromagnet clamping direction, the angle, θ are 0 °~45 °.
Further, internal electromagnet end face is ellipsoid, and surface embeds free ball.
Further, the inside electromagnet being axially movable is moved by adjusting threaded rod regulating magnet length
Distance is 0~15cm, and corresponding 7 movable distance of external electrical magnet is 0~15cm.
Further, support wheel diameter is 5cm~20cm, and wheel side is ellipsoid.
Further, the every side of interior shelf is equipped with electromagnet inside at least three, corresponding exterior support frame two sides
The external electrical magnet of identical quantity is arranged in parallel connecting rod.
Further, it is equipped with support device electrical control cabinet and controls electromagnetic force between internal electromagnet and external electrical magnet.
A kind of method for realizing agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique is provided based on above-mentioned apparatus, it is specific to walk
It is rapid as follows:
Step 1, nonferromagnetic tube structure weldment is assembled and is fixed, adjust friction stir welding machine head position in welding line
Surface adjusts stirring-head using trimming hand wheel and contacts with weldment;
Step 2, the external electrical magnet axial distance and support frame connecting rod angle for adjusting external electromagnetic support device make outer
Portion electromagnet end face is d+ (0.5~1.5) mm away from weldment surface distance, wherein d is mixing needle length;Start external electromagnetic hair
Generating apparatus;
Step 3, internal 5 axial distance of electromagnet and support frame connecting rod angle on internal electromagnetic supporting device are adjusted, is made
Internal electromagnet end face is 0.5~1.5mm away from weldment inner surface distance, and internal electromagnet is made to be in corresponding external electrical magnet
Position starts internal electromagnetic supporting device, powers on the suction that rear external electrical magnet and internal electromagnet generate, makes support wheel
It is close to weldment inner surface, forms strength and support;
Step 4, the stirring-head speed of rotation, bonding speed, volume under pressure are set according to welding material and wall thickness, starting stirring rubs
Soldering equipment is wiped, starts to weld;
Step 5, welding finishes, and closes internal support and external electromagnetic generating device power supply respectively, and will be internal electric
Magnetic device takes out from the reserved aperture of weldment.
Above-mentioned nonferromagnetic tube structure weldment specifically includes that aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, thermoplastic etc. are non-
Ferrimagnet, diameter are generally 60cm~300cm, and wall thickness is generally 2mm~18mm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is:
(1) present invention using anisotropic electromagnetic penetration technology by this support force that need to be provided inside closed cylinder be converted to by
External electromagnetic suction provides, and realizes electromagnetism external control flexible interior support function, the structure and volume of inner support is simplified, convenient for taking
Out;
(2) present invention provides electromagnetic attraction using electromagnet, and the support force for being easy to weld agitating friction back is adjusted,
By the size of current of regulating magnet coil, it can be achieved that welding the support force automatic adjusument of overall process in agitating friction;
(3) quantity and axial movement distance of internal electromagnet and external electrical magnet of the present invention can bases
Product requirement changes, situations such as to adapt to different size of back-supported power needed for different materials and different-diameter cylinder,
Obtain optimal back-supported effect;
(4) the internal support volume size that uses of the present invention can design, shape it is deformable, pasted with workpiece surface to be welded
Conjunction is close, and support frame connecting rod is flexible detachable structure, when welding completion, pours out from preformed hole after detachable;
(5) the flexible interior support device in the present invention is that synchronous support in real time connects with stirring-head, to robot from now on
Agitating friction weldering application has impetus;
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention total system schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the internal electromagnetic supporting device A schematic diagram of circumferential weld;
Fig. 3 is the internal electromagnetic supporting device A schematic diagram of longitudinal joint;
Fig. 4 is external electromagnetic generating device B schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is internal electromagnet end partial enlargement diagram;
Fig. 6 is interior shelf distressed structure schematic diagram;
Wherein, device A is internal electromagnetic supporting device, and device B is external electromagnetic generating device, and device C is support device
Electrical control cabinet;
1 is agitating friction soldering equipment head;2 be workpiece for barrel to be welded;3 be support wheel;4 be interior shelf;5 be inside
Electromagnet;6 be exterior support frame;7 be external electrical magnet;8 is adjust threaded rod, and 9 be free ball.
Specific embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art that the present invention be more fully understood.
Agitating friction, which welds flexible interior support, to be realized using electromagnetic technique to the present invention in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments
Devices and methods therefor be further described.
The present invention is using a kind of realization agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique as described in Fig. 1,2,3,4,5
Device, comprising:
Internal electromagnetic supporting device A;
Internal electromagnetic supporting device A includes: support wheel 3, interior shelf 4, the inside electromagnet 5 being axially movable, interior
Multiple internal electromagnet 5 are set in the parallel connecting rod in 4 two sides of portion's support frame, and support wheel 3 is arranged in interior shelf 4
Heart connecting rod passes axially through, and the connecting rod in interior shelf 4 is connect with support wheel 3 by bearing;
External electromagnetic generating device B includes: for connecting the exterior support frame 6 of friction stir welding machine head, external electrical magnet
7, external electrical magnet 7 is arranged in the parallel connecting rod in 6 two sides of exterior support frame of corresponding internal electromagnet 5.
In the present invention, the center connecting rod in the interior shelf 4 of two kinds of different locations is provided,
It is provided parallel to the connecting rod for fixing internal electromagnet 5, the device of the structure is used for the welding of circular weld.
Or setting is vertically used for the connecting rod of fixing internal electromagnet 5, the device of the structure is used for the welding of longitudinal seam.
It is connected through a screw thread between each connecting rod of interior shelf 4, is taken out convenient for flexible composition, disassembly;For in being arranged
The connecting rod of portion's electromagnet 5 and external electrical magnet 7 equal adjustable angle on electromagnet clamping direction, the angle, θ are 0 °~45 °,
So that internal 5 end face of electromagnet more preferably cooperates work piece inner surface to be welded,
5 end face of inside electromagnet is ellipsoid, and surface embeds ball.
The inside electromagnet 5 being axially movable, movable distance are 0~15cm;The external electrical magnet being axially movable
7, movable distance is 0~15cm;.
3 diameter of support wheel is 5cm~20cm, and wheel side is ellipsoid.
The every side of interior shelf 4 is equipped with electromagnet 5 inside at least three, and phase is arranged in corresponding 6 both sides of exterior support frame
With the external electrical magnet 7 of quantity.
Support device electrical control cabinet C is equipped with the control system for controlling electromagnetic force between internal electromagnet 5 and external electrical magnet 7
System.
Embodiment 1
Aluminium alloy cylindrical body circular weld agitating friction weldering inner support and welding are realized using the above method and device.
Step 1, by aluminium alloy cylindrical body structure weldment 2, clamping is fixed on the rotation positioner with idler wheel, is rubbed according to stirring
It wipes weldering bonding speed and requires the setting positioner speed of rotation.By agitating friction soldering equipment control panel adjust 1 position of head in
To adjust stirring-head and 2 surface distance of weldment using trimming hand wheel, be allowed to be exactly in contact with right above welding line.
Step 2,7 axial distance of external electrical magnet and support frame connecting rod angle on external electromagnetic support device B are adjusted, is made
7 end face of external electrical magnet is mixing needle diameter d+0.5mm away from 2 surface distance of weldment, starts external electromagnetic generating device B.
Step 3, the internal electromagnetic supporting device A of circumferential weld is selected, internal electromagnet 5 on internal electromagnetic supporting device A is adjusted
Axial distance and support frame connecting rod angle make internal 5 end face of electromagnet away from 2 inner surface distance 0.5mm of weldment, make internal electricity
Magnet 5, which is in, to be corresponded to below external electrical magnet, and internal electromagnetic supporting device A is started, and powers on rear external electrical magnet 7 and inside
The suction that electromagnet 5 generates makes support wheel 3 be close to 2 inner surface of weldment, forms strength and supports.
Step 4, the parameters such as the stirring-head speed of rotation, volume under pressure are set on agitating friction weldering control panel.Starting stirring
Friction welding apparatus starts to weld.Needle to be mixed is fully inserted into weldment, stops 8s, starts and rotates positioner, in weldment rotation process
Internal support wheel 3 is close to welding position always;
Step 5, welding finishes.Needle to be mixed is fully drawn out, and closes rotation positioner.Internal support A is closed respectively
With external electromagnetic generating device B-source, and internal calutron A is taken out from reserved aperture.
Embodiment 2
Aluminium alloy cylindrical body longitudinal seam agitating friction weldering inner support and welding are realized using the above method and device.
Step 1, by aluminium alloy cylindrical body structure weldment 2, clamping is fixed on the table, is controlled by agitating friction soldering equipment
Panel adjusts 1 position of head in adjust stirring-head and weldment surface distance using trimming hand wheel, be allowed to proper right above welding line
Good contact.
Step 2,7 axial distance of external electrical magnet and support frame connecting rod angle on external electromagnetic support device B are adjusted, is made
7 end face of external electrical magnet is mixing needle diameter d+0.5mm away from 2 surface distance of weldment, is opened on support device electrical control cabinet C
7 power switch of external electrical magnet, and adjust 7 size of current of external electrical magnet.
Step 3, the internal electromagnetic supporting device A of longitudinal joint is selected, internal electromagnet 5 on internal electromagnetic supporting device A is adjusted
Axial distance and support frame connecting rod angle make internal 5 end face of electromagnet away from 2 inner surface distance 0.5mm of weldment, make internal electricity
Magnet 5 is in corresponding 7 lower section of external electrical magnet, starts internal electromagnetic supporting device A, power on rear external electrical magnet 7 with it is interior
The suction that portion's electromagnet 5 generates makes support wheel 3 be close to 2 inner surface of weldment, forms strength and supports.
Step 4, the parameters such as the stirring-head speed of rotation, bonding speed, volume under pressure are set on agitating friction weldering control panel.
Start agitating friction soldering equipment, starts to weld.
Step 5, welding finishes.Internal support A and external electromagnetic generating device B-source are closed respectively, and will be internal
Calutron A takes out from reserved aperture.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of device for realizing agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique, which is characterized in that the device includes: phase
To independent internal electromagnetic supporting device A and external electromagnetic generating device B;The inside electromagnetic supporting device A includes: support
Take turns (3), interior shelf (4) and the inside electromagnet (5) being axially movable, the interior shelf (4) two sides are parallel
Multiple internal electromagnet (5) are set in connecting rod, and support wheel (3) is arranged on the center connecting rod edge of interior shelf (4)
It is provided parallel to axially across, the center connecting rod or parallel perpendicular to the two sides for fixing internal electromagnet (5)
Connecting rod;The external electromagnetic generating device B include: for connect the exterior support frame of friction stir welding machine head (1) (6) and
The company parallel in exterior support frame (6) two sides is arranged in multiple external electrical magnet (7) being axially movable, the external electrical magnet (7)
It is corresponded on extension bar and with internal electromagnet (5);Connected between described interior shelf (4) each connecting rod by screw thread
It connects;The connecting rod for internal electromagnet (5) and external electrical magnet (7) to be arranged equal angle on electromagnet clamping direction
Adjustable, which is 0 °~45 °.
2. the device according to claim 1 for being realized agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique, feature are existed
In inside electromagnet (5) end face is ellipsoid, and embeds ball (9) in ellipsoidal surfaces.
3. the device according to claim 1 for being realized agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique, feature are existed
In the inside electromagnet (5) being axially movable and external electrical magnet (7), movable distance are 0~15cm.
4. the device according to claim 1 for being realized agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique, feature are existed
In the support wheel (3) diameter is 5cm~20cm, and wheel side is ellipsoid.
5. the device according to claim 1 for being realized agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique, feature are existed
In, interior shelf (4) is equipped with electromagnet (5) inside at least three for being arranged in the connecting rod of internal electromagnet (5), with
Corresponding exterior support frame (6) connecting rod on the external electrical magnet (7) of identical quantity is set.
6. the device according to claim 1 for being realized agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique, feature are existed
In being connect between the connecting rod and support wheel (3) of the interior shelf (4) by bearing.
7. the device according to claim 1 for being realized agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique, feature are existed
In the device is equipped with the support device electrical control cabinet C for controlling electromagnetic force between internal electromagnet (5) and external electrical magnet (7).
8. a kind of based on the described in any item dresses for realizing agitating friction weldering flexible interior support using electromagnetic technique of claim 1-7
The method set, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows for this method:
Step 1, nonferromagnetic tube structure weldment (2) is assembled and is fixed, adjust friction stir welding machine head (1) position in weldering to be welded
Right above seam, stirring-head is adjusted using trimming hand wheel and is contacted with weldment;
Step 2, external electrical magnet (7) axial distance and support frame connecting rod angle for adjusting external electromagnetic support device B make outer
Electromagnet (7) end face in portion's is d+0.5~1.5mm away from weldment surface distance, wherein d is mixing needle diameter;Start external electromagnetic hair
Generating apparatus B;
Step 3, internal electromagnet (5) axial distance and support frame connecting rod angle on internal electromagnetic supporting device A are adjusted, is made interior
Electromagnet (5) end face in portion's is 0.5~1.5mm away from weldment (2) inner surface distance, and internal electromagnet (5) is made to be in corresponding external
The position of electromagnet (7) starts internal electromagnetic supporting device A, powers on rear external electrical magnet (7) and internal electromagnet (5)
The suction of generation makes support wheel (3) to be close to weldment (2) inner surface, forms strength and supports;
Step 4, the stirring-head speed of rotation, bonding speed, volume under pressure, starting agitating friction weldering are set according to welding material and wall thickness
Equipment starts to weld;
Step 5, welding finishes, and closes internal support A and external electromagnetic generating device B-source respectively, and by internal electromagnetism
Device A takes out from the reserved aperture of weldment.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, the nonferromagnetic tube structure weldment (2) specifically includes that aluminium alloy, magnesium
Alloy, titanium alloy, thermoplastic, a diameter of 60cm~300cm, wall thickness are 2mm~18mm.
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