CN116000439A - Friction stir welding method and equipment - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN116000439A CN116000439A CN202211712192.XA CN202211712192A CN116000439A CN 116000439 A CN116000439 A CN 116000439A CN 202211712192 A CN202211712192 A CN 202211712192A CN 116000439 A CN116000439 A CN 116000439A
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- stir welding
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a friction stir welding method and equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: fixing two workpieces to be welded on a fixture side by side to form a welding seam; the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are respectively pressed on two sides of the two workpieces at the welding starting positions of the welding lines; stopping the first stirring head and the second stirring head at the welding starting positions of the two sides of the workpiece respectively; the first stirring head and the second stirring head rotate and prick the welding seams of the two workpieces until the constant pressure reaches a preset value; the first pressing wheel, the second pressing wheel, the first stirring head and the second stirring head advance along the joint at a set speed, and the two workpieces are subjected to friction plastic deformation and welded connection. The method can effectively reduce the internal stress of the part, reduce the deformation of the part and improve the mechanical property of the welding line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a friction stir welding method and equipment.
Background
Friction stir welding is to utilize friction heat and thermoplastic deformation heat as welding heat sources, insert a stirring pin of a stirring head into a welding seam of a workpiece, and then rub with a welding workpiece material by high-speed rotation of the stirring head so as to raise and soften the material temperature of a connecting part, thereby completing welding. The friction stir welding has the advantages that longer welding lines can be completed at one time, meanwhile, the operation process is convenient to realize mechanical automation, the equipment is simple, the welding process without adding welding wires is safe and pollution-free, and the like.
Aiming at the workpiece needing double-sided friction stir welding, the prior equipment and technology need to weld one surface firstly, then detach the workpiece, turn over and weld the other surface, so that the equipment has long waiting time, low production efficiency, large deformation of parts and low welding quality. The double-sided friction stir welding method can realize simultaneous welding of the upper machine head and the lower machine head and continuous and efficient welding of workpieces. And the upper machine head and the lower machine head are welded simultaneously, so that the deformation of the parts in the welding process is effectively controlled, and the welding quality is improved. However, the position of the weld to be welded cannot be well pre-pressed due to the limitation of the workpiece and the clamp in the welding process, so that the quality of the weld is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a friction stir welding method and equipment, which are used for solving the problem that in the prior art, workpieces are easy to deform by a double-sided welding method, so that welding quality is low.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a friction stir welding method comprising the steps of:
fixing two workpieces to be welded on a fixture side by side to form a welding seam;
the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are respectively pressed on two sides of the two workpieces at the welding starting positions of the welding lines; stopping the first stirring head and the second stirring head at the welding starting positions of the two sides of the workpiece respectively;
the first stirring head and the second stirring head rotate and prick the welding seams of the two workpieces until the constant pressure reaches a preset value;
the first pressing wheel, the second pressing wheel, the first stirring head and the second stirring head advance along the joint at a set speed, and the two workpieces are subjected to friction plastic deformation and welded connection.
The friction stir welding method provided by the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in one specific embodiment of the invention, before the first stirring head and the second stirring head rotate, the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, and the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are electrified to preheat the workpiece.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the current value applied to the first puck and the second puck is between 5 and 600A.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first stirring head and the second stirring head start to rotate after the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are preheated for 10-60 seconds.
In one specific embodiment of the invention, the rotating speed of the first stirring head and the second stirring head is 200-3000rpm, and the preset value of the constant pressure is 10-50KN.
In one embodiment of the invention, the travelling speed of the first pressing wheel, the second pressing wheel, the first stirring head and the second stirring head is 50-2000mm/min.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the material of the workpiece is one or two selected from aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, steel and titanium alloy.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of both the workpieces is the same and is not less than 3mm.
In one specific embodiment of the invention, before the first stirring head and the second stirring head rotate, intermediate alloy powder with the granularity of 20-300 mu m is added at the welding seam of the two workpieces, wherein the intermediate alloy powder is selected from aluminum powder, copper powder, titanium powder and/or nickel powder.
The invention also provides a friction stir welding device, which is used for the friction stir welding method according to any one of the above, and comprises the following steps:
a base;
the clamp is connected with the base and is suitable for clamping a workpiece to be welded;
the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are suitable for being slidably pressed on two sides of the workpiece, and the workpiece is electrified and preheated;
the first stirring head and the second stirring head are connected with the base and are suitable for friction stir welding the workpiece at two sides;
and the driver is respectively connected with the first pressing wheel, the second pressing wheel, the first stirring head and the second stirring head.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the friction stir welding method provided by the invention, the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are arranged on the two surfaces of the workpiece to be welded, so that a pre-pressing force is applied to the workpiece to be welded, in the welding process, synchronous friction stir welding is carried out on the two surfaces of the workpiece, under the stable support of the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel, the welding acting forces on the two surfaces can be mutually offset, and the temperature fields on the upper surface and the lower surface of the part are symmetrically distributed, so that the internal stress of the part is effectively reduced, the deformation of the part is reduced, and the mechanical property of a welding seam is improved.
The first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply to be electrified with large current, the current penetrates through the surface of the part and is conducted from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, and the workpiece parent metal generates heat under the action of the large current, namely, a welding preheating source is added, so that the workpiece parent metal is softened, and the welding temperature field of the workpiece is more balanced. And the abrasion in the welding process of the stirring head can be effectively reduced based on the softening of the base metal of the part by the current, so that the welding method can be used for welding low-melting-point materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like, and can also be used for welding high-melting-point materials such as steel, titanium alloy and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a state diagram of a part of a friction stir welding apparatus in a friction stir welding process according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-workpiece, 2-first pinch roller, 3-second pinch roller, 4-first stirring head, 5-second stirring head.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order described or illustrated, unless an order of performance is explicitly stated. It should also be appreciated that additional or alternative steps may be used.
Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer," "lower," "below," "upper," "above," and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the example term "below … …" may include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the spatial relative relationship descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method, which comprises the following steps:
fixing two workpieces 1 to be welded on a fixture side by side to form a weld;
the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are respectively pressed on two sides of the two workpieces 1 at the welding starting positions of the welding seams; the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are respectively stopped at the welding starting positions of the two sides of the workpiece 1;
the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 rotate and prick the welding seams of the two workpieces 1 until the constant pressure reaches a preset value;
the first pressing wheel 2, the second pressing wheel 3, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 advance along the joint at a set speed, and the two workpieces 1 are subjected to friction plastic deformation and welded connection.
Further, before the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 rotate, the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, and the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are electrified to preheat the workpiece 1.
The current value of the first pinch roller 2 and the second pinch roller 3 is 5-600A.
Further, after the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are preheated for 10-60s, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 start to rotate.
Further, the rotation speed of the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 is 200-3000rpm, and the preset value of the constant pressure is 10-50KN.
Further, the travelling speed of the first pressing wheel 2, the second pressing wheel 3, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 is 50-2000mm/min.
Further, the material of the workpiece 1 is one or two selected from aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, steel and titanium alloy.
Further, the thickness of both the workpieces 1 is the same and is not less than 3mm.
Further, before the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 rotate, intermediate alloy powder with the granularity of 20-300 mu m is added at the welding seam of the two workpieces 1, wherein the intermediate alloy powder is selected from aluminum powder, copper powder, titanium powder and/or nickel powder.
In the above method steps, the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are cylindrical rollers, which can simultaneously press two workpieces 1 on one side, when pressing, the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 press the two sides of the workpiece 1 at the welding starting position of the welding seam with a preset pressing force, the central axes of the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are basically vertical to the welding seam, and the plane formed by the central axes of the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 is basically vertical to the workpiece 1.
The first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are stopped at the welding starting positions on two sides of the workpiece 1, and the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are respectively arranged behind the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 along the welding wind direction.
As shown in fig. 1, another aspect of the present invention further provides a friction stir welding apparatus for the above friction stir welding method, which mainly includes:
a base;
a clamp connected to the base, the clamp being adapted to clamp a workpiece 1 to be welded;
the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are connected with the base, and the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are suitable for being slidably pressed on two sides of the workpiece 1 and the workpiece 1 is electrified and preheated;
the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are connected with the base, and the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are suitable for friction stir welding the workpiece 1 at two sides;
and the driver is respectively connected with the first pressing wheel 2, the second pressing wheel 3, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5.
Example 1
1. Taking two workpieces 1 to be welded, which are 1000 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 10mm and are made of 6061 aluminum alloy, and fixing the workpieces on a clamp side by side, wherein the joint of the two workpieces 1 is a welding seam;
2. the welding starting positions of the welding seams of the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are pressed on two sides of the two workpieces 1 respectively; the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are respectively stopped at the welding starting positions of the two sides of the workpiece 1;
3. the power supply is started to electrify the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3, wherein the current value is 200A;
4. after the aluminum alloy workpiece 1 is electrified and preheated for 20 seconds, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are started, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 rotate at 1800rpm and then are slowly pricked into the aluminum alloy workpiece 1, and when the constant pressure value reaches 12KN, the pricking is stopped;
5. the first pressing wheel 2, the second pressing wheel 3, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 simultaneously advance at the speed of 1000mm/min, and the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 rotate to feed so as to enable the workpiece 1 to generate friction plastic deformation, thereby forming welding seams to enable parts to be connected reliably.
The following table is obtained by deforming amounts and tensile strengths of the three groups of welded workpieces:
whereas the deformation and tensile strength of conventional double-sided welded workpieces:
in summary, the tensile strength of the welded joint of the welded piece obtained by the friction stir welding method reaches 86.5% of that of the base metal, and the average deformation is only 0.5mm. Whereas the tensile strength of the weld joint of the welding piece of the conventional double-sided welding reaches 76.8% of that of the base material, and the average deformation is 1.2mm. By comprehensive comparison, the tensile strength of the double-sided welding piece processed by the friction stir welding method provided by the invention is obviously improved, and the average deformation is obviously reduced.
Example two
1. Two workpieces 1 to be welded, which are 1000 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 10mm in size and made of titanium alloy, are taken and fixed on a clamp side by side, and a welding seam is formed at the joint of the two workpieces 1;
2. adding pure nickel powder at the welding seam, wherein the granularity of the pure nickel powder is 20-300 mu m;
3. the welding starting positions of the welding seams of the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are pressed on two sides of the two workpieces 1 respectively; the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are respectively stopped at the welding starting positions of the two sides of the workpiece 1;
4. turning on a power supply to electrify the first pinch roller 2 and the second pinch roller 3, wherein the current value is 400A;
5. after the power-on preheating is carried out for 50 seconds, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are started, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 rotate at 1200rpm, then the titanium alloy workpiece 1 is slowly pricked, and when the constant pressure value reaches 20KN, the pricking is stopped;
6. the first pressing wheel 2, the second pressing wheel 3, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 simultaneously advance at the speed of 1200mm/min, and the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 rotate to feed so as to enable the workpiece 1 to generate friction plastic deformation, thereby forming welding seams to enable parts to be connected reliably.
Example III
1. Taking a workpiece 1 with the size of 1000 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 10mm and made of 6061 aluminum alloy and a workpiece 1 with the size of 1000 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 10mm and made of 304 stainless steel, and fixing the workpiece 1 on a clamp side by side, wherein the joint of the two workpieces 1 is a welding seam;
2. the welding starting positions of the welding seams of the first pressing wheel 2 and the second pressing wheel 3 are pressed on two sides of the two workpieces 1 respectively; the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are respectively stopped at the welding starting positions of the two sides of the workpiece 1;
3. turning on a power supply to electrify the first pinch roller 2 and the second pinch roller 3, wherein the current value is 500A;
4. after the power-on preheating is carried out for 30 seconds, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 are started, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 rotate at 1400rpm and then slowly prick the workpiece 1, and the pricking is stopped when the constant pressure value reaches 10 KN;
5. the first pressing wheel 2, the second pressing wheel 3, the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 simultaneously advance at the speed of 400mm/min, and the first stirring head 4 and the second stirring head 5 rotate to feed so as to enable the workpiece 1 to generate friction plastic deformation, thereby forming welding seams to enable parts to be connected reliably.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A friction stir welding method comprising the steps of:
fixing two workpieces to be welded on a fixture side by side to form a welding seam;
the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are respectively pressed on two sides of the two workpieces at the welding starting positions of the welding lines; stopping the first stirring head and the second stirring head at the welding starting positions of the two sides of the workpiece respectively;
the first stirring head and the second stirring head rotate and prick the welding seams of the two workpieces until the constant pressure reaches a preset value;
the first pressing wheel, the second pressing wheel, the first stirring head and the second stirring head advance along the welding seam at a set speed, and the two workpieces are subjected to friction plastic deformation and welded connection.
2. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 further comprising switching the first pinch roller and the second pinch roller to positive and negative power sources, respectively, and energizing the first pinch roller and the second pinch roller to preheat the workpiece prior to rotation of the first and second stirring heads.
3. The friction stir welding method of claim 2 wherein the current to the first pinch roller and the second pinch roller is between 5 and 600A.
4. The friction stir welding method of claim 2 wherein the first stirring head and the second stirring head begin to rotate after the first pinch roller and the second pinch roller are preheated for 10-60 seconds.
5. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the first stirring head and the second stirring head is 200 to 3000rpm, and the constant pressure is 10 to 50KN.
6. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 wherein the travel speed of the first pinch roller, the second pinch roller, the first stirring head, and the second stirring head is 50-2000mm/min.
7. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein the material of the workpiece is one or two selected from the group consisting of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, steel, and titanium alloy.
8. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of both the workpieces is the same and not less than 3mm.
9. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 further comprising adding an intermediate alloy powder of 20-300 μm particle size at the weld joint of the two workpieces, the intermediate alloy powder being selected from aluminum powder, copper powder, titanium powder and/or nickel powder, prior to rotation of the first and second stirring heads.
10. Friction stir welding apparatus characterized in that it is used in the friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
a base;
the clamp is connected with the base and is suitable for clamping a workpiece to be welded;
the first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are suitable for being slidably pressed on two sides of the workpiece, and the workpiece is electrified and preheated;
the first stirring head and the second stirring head are connected with the base and are suitable for friction stir welding the workpiece at two sides;
and the driver is respectively connected with the first pressing wheel, the second pressing wheel, the first stirring head and the second stirring head.
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CN110434453A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-12 | 中色(天津)特种材料有限公司 | The Special tooling clamp of complicated weld seam aluminum alloy stirring friction welding |
CN114012245A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-08 | 湖南坤鼎数控科技有限公司 | A pinch roller leveling device for friction stir welding |
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2022
- 2022-12-29 CN CN202211712192.XA patent/CN116000439A/en active Pending
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WO2002098595A1 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2002-12-12 | Brigham Young University | Apparatus and method for performing non-linear friction stir welds on either planar or non-planar surfaces |
CN103212781A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-24 | 江苏科技大学 | High frequency contact-stirring friction hybrid welding device and welding method |
CN106271026A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-04 | 南京理工大学 | Utilize the method and apparatus that electromagnetic technique realizes agitating friction weldering flexible interior support |
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