CN106269971B - A kind of method that multidirectional compression torsion Compound Extrusion prepares micro-nano copper - Google Patents
A kind of method that multidirectional compression torsion Compound Extrusion prepares micro-nano copper Download PDFInfo
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- CN106269971B CN106269971B CN201610676583.9A CN201610676583A CN106269971B CN 106269971 B CN106269971 B CN 106269971B CN 201610676583 A CN201610676583 A CN 201610676583A CN 106269971 B CN106269971 B CN 106269971B
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010017389 Frotteurism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 has two big methods Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multidirectional compression torsion Compound Extrusion method for preparing micro-nano copper, including：（1）Copper ingot base is subjected to softening pretreatment；（2）By step（1）Obtained blank carries out multidirectional compression cycle extrusion, makes blank that large plastometric set occur, crystallite dimension is refine to submicron order；（3）By step（2）Obtained blank carries out rounding processing, obtains designed blank shape size；（4）By step（3）Obtained blank carries out stress relief annealing process；（5）By step（4）Obtained blank carries out movable matrix torsion and squeezes, and makes blank that multistage forward extrusion necking down deformation occur, crystallite dimension is refine to micro/nano level；（6）By step（5）Obtained blank carries out microstructure sampling analysis, and guarantee prepares micro-nano copper structure property.Present invention could apply to the preparations of the Ultra-fine Graineds such as fine copper, brass, copper-nickel alloy and micro Nano material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that multidirectional compression torsion Compound Extrusion prepares micro-nano copper.
Background technology
Micro-nano copper and copper alloy are the important directions of advanced material technology development.The crystal grain ruler of micro-nano copper and copper alloy
It is very little ultra-fine, there are some physical properties and mechanical property for being different from conventional material.Traditional crystallite dimension refinement is mainly logical
The big forging ratio deformation of excessively high finish forge equipment and high frequency forge cogging, promote die break and refinement, and crystal grain is inhibited to grow up, but crystal grain
Size is typically in hundred micron orders, it is difficult to which crystallite dimension is refine to submicron order or even micro/nano level.At present, about micro-nano
The preparation of rice copper and copper alloy mainly has two big methods, first, bottom-to-top method, that is, pass through physics, chemically or mechanically method
It prepares ultra-fine powder, then micro-nano copper base, but the cost of this method is prepared by the methods of powder sintered, densification
Higher, unavoidably there are residual porosity and powder impurity pollution effect, and the micro-nano copper specification prepared is smaller；Second is that from
Method under above, i.e., directly carry out block-like copper and copper alloy severe plastic deformation processing, and such as Equal Channel Angular Pressing, accumulation is folded
Roll, high pressure torsion the methods of, both at home and abroad correlation scholar fundamental research has been carried out using small sample, be prepared for micro/nano level
Copper and copper alloy, but this method deformed area material hydrostatic pressure very little, mainly based on shear strain, microdefect can not be effective
It is closed and repairs, the intensity of some super fine crystal materials is higher, plasticity is poor, and mostly small in micro-nano copper and copper alloy
Sample preparatory phase does not obtain effective engineer application also.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods that multidirectional compression torsion Compound Extrusion prepares micro-nano copper.
To achieve these goals, using following technical scheme.
The compound method for preparing micro-nano copper is reversed in a kind of multidirectional compression, it is characterised in that is included the following steps：
（1）Softening pretreatment：Copper and copper alloy ingot blank are subjected to furnace cooling after softening heat treatment, to blank sampling analysis
Tissue and crystallite dimension state；
（2）Multidirectional compression cycle extrusion：By blank first along blank short transverse, i.e. highest is axially compressed；Then
Blank is overturn 90 °, along charge length direction, i.e. highest is axially compressed；Blank is overturn 90 ° again, along blank width side
To that is, highest is axially compressed；So cycle is multiple；A micronization processes to blank crystallite dimension are completed, make blank brilliant
Particle size reaches submicron order；
（3）Roundingization processing：Blank shape is subjected to rotation free compression or round as a ball, promotes blank rounding；Then it carries out
Enclosed jumping-up obtains designed blank shape size；
（4）Low temperature destressing is handled：Promote blank that static recovery occurs, blank tissue should during the multidirectional compression of elimination squeezes
Power is concentrated, while treated that crystallite dimension is not significantly grown up for blank；
（5）Movable matrix torsion squeezes：Blank is placed in the cavity plate that can be rotated in an axial direction, blank is in punching die
Effect is lower to occur certain plastic deformation, and after being adjacent to concave die cavity, while cavity plate is rotated along axis is squeezed with a fixed angular speed,
Promote blank that multistage forward extrusion necking down deformation occurs, the sectional area of blank necking region is sequentially reduced, the blank of final extruding end
Diameter reaches designed bar diameter, completes the secondary micronization processes to blank crystallite dimension, reaches blank crystallite dimension
Micro/nano level；
（6）Microstructure sampling analysis：Analyze blank softening pretreatment state, multidirectional squeezed state, low temperature destressing state, activity
Cavity plate reverses the tissue change and degree of grain refinement of As-extruded.
Step（2）Described in multidirectional compression cycle extrusion deformation temperature for room temperature, Uniaxial Compression deflection 30~
60%, ensure that blank average grain size is less than 10 μm by sampling analysis.
Step（5）Described in movable matrix torsion squeeze and make blank that three-level necking down deformation, necking down circle diameter of bore occur
Become smaller step by step, deflection reduces step by step, and necking down deflection at different levels is not less than 30%.
The upper cone angle of the necking down circle is 120 ± 5o, and lower cone angle beta is 20 ± 3o.
The cavity plate is rotated along axis is squeezed with 0.5rad/s ~ 5rad/s angular speed.
The present invention provides the preparation methods of the micro-nano copper of big specification, and Compound Extrusion technology is reversed by multidirectional compression,
The Steady-State security of reinforcing material reduces the formation and extension of microdefect during drastic deformation, by hundred micron-sized copper and
Copper alloy ingot blank is converted into the copper of micro/nano level and copper alloy bar stock, and it is comprehensive to improve the yield tensile ratio, ductility, dynamic jet flow of material etc.
Close performance, realize by the micro-nano copper rod base of big specification be applied to high-end equipment key structure manufacture, improve its manufacture service life,
It is on active service and explosion power, while manufactures that at low cost, manufacture efficiency is high, be easy to engineer application.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is micro-nano copper preparation flow figure in the present invention；
Fig. 2 squeezes schematic diagram for movable matrix torsion；
Fig. 3 is necking down coil structures schematic diagram.
In figure, 1-punch-pin；2-movable matrix；3-first order necking down circle；4-second level necking down circle；5-third level contracts
Neck ring；6-extruding axis；Blank before 7-deformation；Blank after 8-deformation；9-guide cylinder.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
（1）Φ 65mm fine copper bars are selected, the fine copper ingot blank of length, width and height 108mm × 65mm × 60mm is processed by forging,
Then in temperature 400 DEG C made annealing treatment, cool to room temperature with the furnace after soaking time 2.0h.
（2）Manufacturing and designing length, width and height has a certain proportion of mold cavity, first along ingot blank short transverse, i.e. highest axial direction
Compression is carried out, until full of cavity；Then blank is overturn 90 °, along its length, i.e., highest axially carries out jumping-up pressure
Contracting, until full of cavity；Blank is overturn 90 ° again, in the width direction, i.e., highest axially carries out Compression, until full of type
Chamber；So cycle extrusion 16 times, it is sampled to measure 4 μm of average grain size.
（3）After blank shape is carried out rotation free compression, enclosed jumping-up is then carried out, obtains the blank of Φ 60mm.
（4）Then by blank in 100 DEG C of progress stress relief annealing process of temperature, soaking time 40min.
（5）Manufacture and design movable matrix torsion extrusion die, blank is placed in the cavity plate that can be rotated in an axial direction, blank
Certain plastic deformation occurs under the action of punching die, after being adjacent to concave die cavity, while cavity plate along squeeze axis with one
Fixed angular speed rotates, and blank subsequently enters first order necking down circle, and diameter of section is decreased to Φ 42mm, subsequently enters second level necking down
Circle, diameter of section are decreased to Φ 30mm, finally enter third level necking down circle, and diameter of section is decreased to Φ 24mm.
（6）It is processed to obtain the blank of Φ 24mm after blank is removed from the molds, it is sampled to measure average crystal grain ruler
Very little 86nm.
Embodiment 2
（1）Φ 85mm ormolu bars are selected, are closed by the copper zinc of forging processing length, width and height 152mm × 85mm × 80mm
Ingot base, then in temperature 400 DEG C made annealing treatment, cool to room temperature with the furnace after soaking time 2.0h.
（2）Manufacturing and designing length, width and height has a certain proportion of mold cavity, first along ingot blank short transverse, i.e. highest axial direction
Compression is carried out, until full of cavity；Then blank is overturn 90 °, along its length, i.e., highest axially carries out jumping-up pressure
Contracting, until full of cavity；Blank is overturn 90 ° again, in the width direction, i.e., highest axially carries out Compression, until full of type
Chamber；So cycle extrusion 18 times, it is sampled to measure 7 μm of average grain size.
（3）After blank shape is carried out rotation free compression, enclosed jumping-up is then carried out, obtains the blank of Φ 80mm.
（4）Then by blank in 110 DEG C of progress stress relief annealing process of temperature, soaking time 30min.
（5）Manufacture and design movable matrix torsion extrusion die, blank is placed in the cavity plate that can be rotated in an axial direction, blank
Certain plastic deformation occurs under the action of punching die, after being adjacent to concave die cavity, while cavity plate along squeeze axis with one
Fixed angular speed rotates, and blank subsequently enters first order necking down circle, and diameter of section is decreased to Φ 56mm, subsequently enters second level necking down
Circle, diameter of section are decreased to Φ 40mm, finally enter third level necking down circle, and diameter of section is decreased to Φ 30mm.
（6）It is processed to obtain the blank of Φ 30mm after blank is removed from the molds, it is sampled to measure average crystal grain ruler
Very little 180nm.
Multidirectional compression torsion coextrusion method proposed by the present invention, it is multidirectional to compress in extrusion process at material major part
In Steady-State security state, be conducive to improve the plasticity of material, reduce cracking defect；Movable matrix torsion, which squeezes, can change base
Frotteurism between material and extrusion cylinder, advantageously reduces resistance of deformation, it is easy to accomplish the batch system of micro-nano copper and copper alloy
It is standby.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method that multidirectional compression torsion Compound Extrusion prepares micro-nano copper, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
（1）Softening pretreatment：Copper or copper alloy ingot blank are subjected to furnace cooling after softening heat treatment, to blank sampling analysis tissue
And crystallite dimension state；
（2）Multidirectional compression cycle extrusion：Blank is compressed first along blank short transverse；Then blank is overturn 90 °, edge
It is compressed in charge length direction；Blank is overturn 90 ° again, is compressed along blank width direction；So cycle is multiple；It completes
To a micronization processes of blank crystallite dimension, blank crystallite dimension is made to reach submicron order；
（3）Roundingization processing：Blank shape is subjected to rotation free compression or round as a ball, promotes blank rounding；Then enclosed is carried out
Jumping-up obtains designed blank shape size；
（4）Low temperature destressing is handled：Promote blank that static recovery occurs, eliminate the stress collection of blank tissue during multidirectional compression squeezes
In；
（5）Movable matrix torsion squeezes：Blank is placed in the cavity plate that can be rotated in an axial direction, blank is in the effect of punching die
Lower that certain plastic deformation occurs, after being adjacent to concave die cavity, while cavity plate is rotated along axis is squeezed, and blank is promoted to occur multistage
Forward extrusion necking down deforms, and the sectional area of blank necking region is sequentially reduced, and the blank diameter of final extruding end reaches designed
Bar diameter completes the secondary micronization processes to blank crystallite dimension, blank crystallite dimension is made to reach micro/nano level；
（6）Microstructure sampling analysis：Analyze blank softening pretreatment state, multidirectional squeezed state, low temperature destressing state, movable matrix
Reverse the tissue change and degree of grain refinement of As-extruded；
Step（5）Described in movable matrix torsion squeeze and make blank that three-level necking down deformation occur, necking down circle diameter of bore is step by step
Become smaller, deflection reduces step by step, and necking down deflection at different levels is not less than 30%；
The upper cone angle of the necking down circle is 120 ± 5o, and lower cone angle beta is 20 ± 3o.
2. the method that multidirectional compression torsion Compound Extrusion as described in claim 1 prepares micro-nano copper, it is characterised in that step
（2）Described in multidirectional compression cycle extrusion deformation temperature for room temperature, Uniaxial Compression deflection 30~60% passes through sampling point
Analysis ensures that blank average grain size is less than 10 μm.
3. the method that multidirectional compression torsion Compound Extrusion as described in claim 1 prepares micro-nano copper, the cavity plate is along crowded
Last item is rotated with 0.5rad/s ~ 5rad/s angular speed.
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| CN109127754B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-08-18 | 重庆大学 | Preparation method of superfine crystal magnesium alloy extruded bar |
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| CN116422718B (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-11-07 | 湖州金钛导体技术有限公司 | Continuous spinning reducing processing method and manufacturing method of copper-tin-iron alloy micro-fine wire |
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