CN106260734A - 一种1‑3周龄雏鸡用饲料 - Google Patents
一种1‑3周龄雏鸡用饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106260734A CN106260734A CN201610914747.7A CN201610914747A CN106260734A CN 106260734 A CN106260734 A CN 106260734A CN 201610914747 A CN201610914747 A CN 201610914747A CN 106260734 A CN106260734 A CN 106260734A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种1‑3周龄雏鸡用饲料,包括小米、豆粕、小麦胚芽饼、葡萄籽粕、地瓜粉、绿豆粉、豌豆蛋白粉、亚麻油渣、玉米油和食盐。本发明的有益效果是:本发明的饲料适用于患有曲霉菌病期间雏鸡用饲料,短期治疗疾病期间饲料能够很好的满足雏鸡的营养需求,且易于消化吸收。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及家禽用饲料,特别涉及一种1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料。
背景技术
目前,鸡饲养多采用集约化模式,当鸡在眼部、嘴部或鼻部等部位患有疾病时,绝大部分是通过内服药物进行治疗,但如果内服药物和外用药物结合使用将会提高治疗效果,虽然市面上存在外用药物,但是外用药物无法适用于集约化模式下的家禽,特别是传染性疾病导致绝大部分家禽出现病症,无法对家禽一一使用外用药物,因此导致外用药物的使用受到限制。药物熏蒸疗法是利用药物加水煮沸后所产生的药蒸汽熏蒸患处,以治疗疾病的一种方法。
鸡曲霉菌病临床上主要表现为严重的呼吸困难,张口喘气,无罗音,很少采食,急性暴发时死亡率可达50%,曲霉菌侵入眼部时眼皮下蓄有豆渣样物质,眼皮鼓起,角膜溃疡,像“白眼珠”。剖检可见,肺部和气管变为黑紫、灰白色,质地***,切面坏死,气囊混浊,有霉菌结节。经过长时间观察,可发现1-3周龄的雏鸡的患病率非常高,而且部分患病雏鸡会出现曲霉菌性眼炎,病鸡结膜潮红,眼睑肿大,通常是一侧眼的瞬膜下形成一绿豆大小的***,致使眼睑鼓起,用力挤压可见黄色干酪样物,有些鸡还可在角膜中央形成溃疡。调查发现,个体饲养户对个别患病鸡使用人用红霉素眼膏或将家禽用红霉素稀释后清洗患病鸡眼部,均能够缓解曲霉菌性眼炎,且结合内服药物如土霉素或链霉素等抗菌药物治疗,能够提高鸡曲霉菌病的治疗效果,但上述外用治疗方法无法适用于大型养殖厂,而且使用抗生素会产生抗药性,长期来看治疗效果并不理想。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的在于提供一种适用于患有曲霉菌病期间雏鸡用饲料,短期治疗疾病期间饲料能够很好的满足雏鸡的营养需求,且易于消化吸收,此外饲料中还含有治疗曲霉菌病的添加剂,能够起到治疗疾病的作用,与饲料其他原料相互配合,缩短了患病鸡的痊愈时间,提高了治疗效果;对于眼部感染曲霉菌的患病鸡可以利用本发明饲料盘进行药物熏蒸疗法结合本发明的饲料盘,能够很好的治疗曲霉菌眼病,且提高鸡曲霉菌病的整体治疗效果,具有无毒副作用、治疗效果好等优势。其中,药物熏蒸疗法又称“汽浴疗法”,是利用药物加水煮沸后所产生的药蒸汽熏蒸患处,以治疗疾病的一种方法。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述饲料包括小米、豆粕、小麦胚芽饼、葡萄籽粕、地瓜粉、绿豆粉、豌豆蛋白粉、亚麻油渣、玉米油和食盐。
所述饲料由以下重量份数的原料制成:小米27-55重量份、豆粕10-25重量份、小麦胚芽饼12-20重量份、葡萄籽粕5-10重量份、地瓜粉9-20重量份、绿豆粉5-10重量份、豌豆蛋白粉5-10重量份、亚麻油渣5-10重量份、玉米油1-3重量份和食盐0.1-2重量份。
所述饲料由以下重量份数的原料制成:小米41重量份、豆粕17重量份、小麦胚芽饼15重量份、葡萄籽粕6重量份、地瓜粉14重量份、绿豆粉7重量份、豌豆蛋白粉7重量份、亚麻油渣6重量份、玉米油2重量份和食盐0.8重量份。
所述饲料的制备方法为:
(1)按重量份数称取所有原料,混合均匀后粉碎成粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)的粉末投入制粒机进行制粒,制粒温度为80℃,得到颗粒剂;
(3)将所述步骤(2)中得到的颗粒剂摊放在沸腾干燥机的沸腾床上,加温干燥12分钟,加温进口风温度为120℃,获得干燥的配合饲料。
所述饲料还包括药物添加剂,所述饲料由以下重量份数的原料制成:小米27-55重量份、豆粕10-25重量份、小麦胚芽饼12-20重量份、葡萄籽粕5-10重量份、地瓜粉9-20重量份、绿豆粉5-10重量份、豌豆蛋白粉5-10重量份、亚麻油渣5-10重量份、玉米油1-3重量份、食盐0.1-2重量份和药物添加剂3-8重量份。
优选地,所述饲料由以下重量份数的原料制成:小米41重量份、豆粕17重量份、小麦胚芽饼15重量份、葡萄籽粕6重量份、地瓜粉14重量份、绿豆粉7重量份、豌豆蛋白粉7重量份、亚麻油渣6重量份、玉米油2重量份、食盐0.8重量份和药物添加剂6重量份。
所述药物添加剂包括:当归、板蓝根、金银花、石斛、酸枣仁、南瓜藤、孔雀草、蕹菜、核桃楸皮和泥胡菜。
所述药物添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:当归15-30重量份、板蓝根15-25重量份、金银花10-20重量份、石斛10-20重量份、酸枣仁5-10重量份、南瓜藤10-15重量份、孔雀草7-15重量份、蕹菜15-30重量份、核桃楸皮8-17重量份和泥胡菜3-8重量份。
所述药物添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:当归25重量份、板蓝根21重量份、金银花15重量份、石斛18重量份、酸枣仁6重量份、南瓜藤12重量份、孔雀草10重量份、蕹菜20重量份、核桃楸皮20重量份和泥胡菜4重量份。
所述药物添加剂的制备方法为:
第一步,将所有所述原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量2~4倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量1~2倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1~2小时,获得300目~400目的超微细粉,然后再进行研磨得所述药物添加剂。
所述饲料的制备方法为:
(1)按重量份数称取除药物添加剂外的所有原料,混合均匀后粉碎成粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)的粉末投入制粒机进行制粒,制粒温度为80℃,得到颗粒剂;
(3)将所述步骤(2)中得到的颗粒剂摊放在沸腾干燥机的沸腾床上,加温干燥12分钟,加温进口风温度为120℃,获得干燥的颗粒剂,然后添加所述药物添加剂,并混合均匀即得所述饲料。
为了更好的实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种患病雏鸡用饲料盘,所述饲料盘包括筒状外壳,所述外壳内设置有上层盘和下层盘;
所述上层盘包括设有中心通孔的底面和设置在所述底面周围的外侧壁,所述底面上还设置有环形的内侧壁,所述内侧壁上端与所述外侧壁连接,所述外侧壁、所述内侧壁和所述底面形成密闭的环形腔体,位于所述中心通孔周围所述底面上设置有环形的中心内壁,所述中心内壁内部设置有环形腔体,位于所述环形腔体下方所述底面上均匀设置有若干个进气孔,所述内侧壁上设置有若干个水平的出气孔,位于所述环形腔体外侧所述中心内壁上均匀设置有若干个水平的出气孔;位于所述出气孔下方所述底面上放置有饲料;
所述下层盘包括盘底和侧壁,所述盘底的中心位置竖直设置有一圆柱形进液筒,所述进液筒上端开口为进液口,所述进液筒下端侧壁上均匀设置有若干个出液口;所述下层盘的盘底由导热材料制成,且所述盘底内部设置有加热装置,所述外壳底面设置有与所述加热装置电连接的电源,所述上层盘活动设置在所述下层盘的上方且周边接触部位密封连接;所述下层盘内放置有液体。所述液体为液体药液或药物稀释液,当含有药物液体被加热煮沸时,水蒸气会将药物分子一起带出,对正在进食的家禽进行药物熏蒸,起到治疗眼、鼻等部位疾病的治疗作用。
所述外壳的内壁上沿外壳中心轴线对称设置有两对限位槽(即每对两个限位槽),所述下层盘和所述上层盘的外壁上均对称设置有一对与所述限位槽配合使用的条形限位突起。
与所述上层盘配合使用的限位槽的长度与所述上层盘的限位突起长度相等;与所述下层盘配合使用的限位槽的长度与所述下层盘的限位突起长度相等。即,与所述上层盘配合使用的限位槽位于外壳内壁的上部,与所述下层盘配合使用的限位槽位于外壳内壁的下部,这样限位槽和下层盘同时起到支撑上层盘的作用。
所述外壳底面内部设置有电源,所述外壳底部中心位置设置有圆柱形凸台,所述圆柱形凸台上设置有与所述电源连接的输入端和输出端,所述下层盘底面的下端面设置有与所述圆柱形凸台配合使用的凹槽,所述凹槽内设置有与所述加热装置连接输入端和输出端。优选地,所述外壳和所述上层盘均由绝热材料制成,避免下层盘底面加热后导热给电源;电源为蓄电池,外壳侧壁上设置有充电插口;优选地,所述下层盘内设置有温度传感器,所述温度传感器、所述蓄电池和一开关均与一控制器连接。
所述外壳、所述上层盘和所述下层盘相对位置的侧壁上均设置有透视窗;透视窗便于观察下层盘内液体的多少。
为了更好的实现上述发明目的,本发明还提供了一种适用于1-3周龄雏鸡的外用药物,所述药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:灵香草10-20重量份、酢浆草7-12重量份、葡萄籽5-9重量份、白芷5-10重量份、芦荟2-5重量份和荸荠2-5重量份。
所述药物优选地由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:灵香草13-18重量份、酢浆草7-10重量份、葡萄籽7-9重量份、白芷7-9重量份、芦荟3-4重量份和荸荠4-5重量份。
所述药物还可以优选地由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:灵香草16重量份、酢浆草9重量份、葡萄籽8重量份、白芷8重量份、芦荟4重量份和荸荠5重量份。
所述药物的制备方法为:
第一步,将所有所述原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量2~4倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量1~2倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1~2小时,获得300目~400目的超微细粉,然后再进行研磨得所述药物。
本发明提供了一种用于治疗雏鸡1-3周龄曲霉菌病的外用药物,所述外用药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:灵香草10-20重量份、酢浆草7-12重量份、葡萄籽5-9重量份、白芷5-10重量份、芦荟2-5重量份和荸荠2-5重量份。
所述药物优选地由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:灵香草13-18重量份、酢浆草7-10重量份、葡萄籽7-9重量份、白芷7-9重量份、芦荟3-4重量份和荸荠4-5重量份。
所述药物还可以优选地由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:灵香草16重量份、酢浆草9重量份、葡萄籽8重量份、白芷8重量份、芦荟4重量份和荸荠5重量份。
所述外用药物的制备方法为:
第一步,将所有所述原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量2~4倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量1~2倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1~2小时,获得300目~400目的超微细粉,然后再进行研磨得粉末状物;使用时,按照1-5:20的重量比将粉状物加入水中进行稀释即得所述液态药液。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的饲料适用于患有曲霉菌病期间雏鸡用饲料,短期治疗疾病期间饲料能够很好的满足雏鸡的营养需求,且易于消化吸收,此外饲料中还含有治疗曲霉菌病的添加剂,能够起到治疗疾病的作用,与饲料其他原料相互配合,缩短了患病鸡的痊愈时间,提高了治疗效果;对于眼部感染曲霉菌的患病鸡可以利用本发明饲料盘进行药物熏蒸疗法结合本发明的饲料盘,能够很好的治疗曲霉菌眼病,且提高鸡曲霉菌病的整体治疗效果,具有无毒副作用、治疗效果好等优势。
附图说明
图1 为本发明实施例5的剖面结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例5的整体结构示意图。
图3为图1中上层盘的仰视图。
图4为本发明实施例5中上层盘的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例5中下层盘的结构示意图。
图6为图1中外壳的俯视图。
图7为图6中A-A向剖视图。
其中,附图标记为:1、外壳;2、下层盘;3、液体;4、进气孔;5、上层盘;6、环形腔体;7、出气孔;8、内侧壁;9、饲料;10、中心内壁;11、进液筒;12、蓄电池;13、圆柱形凸台;14、出液口;15、进液口;16、透视窗;17、限位突起;18、限位突起;19、凹槽;20、限位槽;21、限位槽。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点,下面通过具体实施方式,对本方案进行阐述。
实施例1 饲料
本发明实施例提供了一种1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,由以下重量份数的原料制成:小米41重量份、豆粕17重量份、小麦胚芽饼15重量份、葡萄籽粕6重量份、地瓜粉14重量份、绿豆粉7重量份、豌豆蛋白粉7重量份、亚麻油渣6重量份、玉米油2重量份和食盐0.8重量份;
饲料的制备方法为:
(1)按重量份数称取所有原料,混合均匀后粉碎成粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)的粉末投入制粒机进行制粒,制粒温度为80℃,得到颗粒剂;
(3)将所述步骤(2)中得到的颗粒剂摊放在沸腾干燥机的沸腾床上,加温干燥12分钟,加温进口风温度为120℃,获得干燥的配合饲料。
实施例2 饲料添加剂
本发明实施例提供了一种1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料添加剂,由以下重量份数的原料制成:当归25重量份、板蓝根21重量份、金银花15重量份、石斛18重量份、酸枣仁6重量份、南瓜藤12重量份、孔雀草10重量份、蕹菜20重量份、核桃楸皮20重量份和泥胡菜4重量份;
制备方法为:
第一步,将所有所述原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量3倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热回流2小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量2倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热回流2小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎2小时,获得400目的超微细粉,然后再进行研磨得所述药物添加剂。
其中,饲料添加剂中原料药材的药理特性如下:
当归:甘、辛,温。归肝、心、脾经。功能主治:补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,***,经闭痛经,虚寒腹痛,肠燥便秘,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤,痈疽疮疡。酒当归活血通经。用于经闭痛经,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤。
板蓝根:苦,寒。归心、胃经。功能主治:清热解毒,凉血利咽。用于温毒发斑,舌绛紫暗,痄腮,喉痹,烂喉丹痧,大头瘟疫,丹毒,痈肿。
金银花:甘,寒。归肺、心、胃经。功能主治:清热解毒,凉散风热。用于痈肿疔疮,喉痹,丹毒,热毒血痢,风热感冒,温病发热。
石斛:甘,微寒。归胃、肾经。功能主治:益胃生津,滋阴清热。用于阴伤津亏,口干烦渴,食少干呕,病后虚热,目暗不明。
酸枣仁:甘、酸,平。归肝、胆、心经。功能主治:补肝,宁心,敛汗,生津。用于虚烦不眠,惊悸多梦,体虚多汗,津伤口渴。
南瓜藤:性味:味甘;苦;性微寒。入肝;胃;肺经。功能主治:清肺;平肝;和胃;通络。主肺痨低热;肝胃气痛;***;火眼赤痛;水火烫伤。
孔雀草:别名:小万寿菊、红黄万寿菊、红黄草、小芙蓉花、藤菊。来源:菊科万寿菊属植物孔雀草Tagetes patula L.,以全草入药。夏秋采收,洗净晒干。苦,平。功能主治:清热利湿,止咳,止痛。用于上呼吸道感染,痢疾,咳嗽,百日咳,牙痛,风火眼痛;外用治腮腺炎,乳腺炎。
蕹菜:别名:空心菜、藤藤菜、蕻菜。来源:旋花科植物蕹菜Ipomoea aquaticaForsk. [I. reptans (L.)Poir.],以全草及根入药。夏秋采,鲜用或分别晒干。性味甘、淡,凉。功能主治:清热解毒,利尿,止血。用于食物中毒,黄藤、钩吻、砒霜、野菇中毒,小便不利,尿血,鼻衄,咳血;外用治疮疡肿毒。
核桃楸皮:苦;辛;性微寒。功能主治:清热燥湿;泻肝明目。主湿热下痢;常下黄稠;目赤肿痛;麦粒肿;迎风流泪;骨结核。
泥胡菜:别名:剪刀草、石灰菜、绒球、花苦荬菜、苦郎头。来源:菊科泥胡菜属植物泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata Bunge[H. carthamoides (Buch.-Ham.)O. Kuntze;SaussureaCarthamoides (Ham.)Benth.],以全草入药。四季可采,洗净,鲜用或晒干扎捆,用时切段。性味辛,平。功能主治:消肿散结,清热解毒。用于乳腺炎,颈***炎,痈肿疔疮,风疹瘙痒。
实施例3 含有添加剂的饲料
本发明实施例提供了一种含有药物添加剂的饲料,由以下重量份数的原料制成:小米41重量份、豆粕17重量份、小麦胚芽饼15重量份、葡萄籽粕6重量份、地瓜粉14重量份、绿豆粉7重量份、豌豆蛋白粉7重量份、亚麻油渣6重量份、玉米油2重量份、食盐0.8重量份和药物添加剂6重量份;其中,药物添加剂即为实施例2制备的药物添加剂。
饲料的制备方法为:
(1)按重量份数称取除药物添加剂外的所有原料,混合均匀后粉碎成粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)的粉末投入制粒机进行制粒,制粒温度为80℃,得到颗粒剂;
(3)将所述步骤(2)中得到的颗粒剂摊放在沸腾干燥机的沸腾床上,加温干燥12分钟,加温进口风温度为120℃,获得干燥的颗粒剂,然后添加所述重量份数的药物添加剂,并混合均匀即得所述饲料。
实施例4 外用药物
本发明实施例提供了一种用于1-3周龄雏鸡的外用药物,由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:灵香草16重量份、酢浆草9重量份、葡萄籽8重量份、白芷8重量份、芦荟4重量份和荸荠5重量份;
其制备方法为:
第一步,将所有所述原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量3倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热回流3小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量2倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热回流2小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1.5小时,获得400目的超微细粉,然后再进行研磨得粉末状物;使用时,按照3:20的重量比将粉状物加入水中进行稀释即得所述液态药液。液态药液使用实施例5的饲料盘对进食患病鸡进行熏蒸。
其中,上述外用药物中的原料的特性如下:
灵香草:性味:甘、淡,平。功能主治:清热,行气,止痛,驱蛔。用于感冒头痛,牙痛,咽喉肿痛,胸满腹胀,蛔虫病。
酢浆草:别名:酸浆草、酸酸草、斑鸠酸、三叶酸。来源:酢浆草科植物酢浆草Oxaliscorniculata L.的全草。四季可采,以夏秋有花果时采药效较好,除去泥沙,晒干。性味:酸,凉。功能主治:清热利湿,解毒消肿。用于感冒发热,肠炎,***,***,神经衰弱;外用治跌打损伤,毒蛇咬伤,痈肿疮疖,脚癣,湿疹,烧烫伤。
葡萄籽:葡萄籽中含有多酚类物质(GPS),主要有儿茶素类和原花青素类。儿茶素类化合物包括儿茶素、表儿茶素及其没食子酸酯,是葡萄籽中主要的单聚体,也是原花青素寡聚体和多聚体的构成单位。葡萄籽中含有丰富的油脂,约占其重量的12%~15%,油中含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸的含量在58%~78%之间。葡萄籽中还含有少量的挥发性成分,这些物质大多属于醇、酚、萜类物质,都具有较高的生物活性。葡萄籽中除了含有上述多种物质外,还含有粗蛋白、氨基酸和维生素A、E、D、K、P及多种微量元素,如钙、锌、铁、镁、铜、钾、钠、锰、钴等。葡萄籽的中药有效成分:原花青素、葡萄多酚原花色素可分为单体、寡聚体和多聚体,葡萄籽提取物以寡聚体(OPC)为主,由两类原花色素单体组成,即儿茶素和表儿茶素。具有多种保健功能:①原花青素是高效抗氧化剂,是最有效的自由基清除剂,具有非常强的体内活性。②能降低心脏病、癌症、早衰、关节炎等病症的发病危险。③增强血管壁抵抗力。④降低糖尿病的发病危险。⑤增强皮肤弹性和柔滑性,预防太阳光线对皮肤的辐射损伤等功效。
白芷:辛,温。归胃、大肠、肺经。功能主治:散风除湿,通窍止痛,消肿排脓。用于感冒头痛,眉棱骨痛,鼻塞,鼻渊,牙痛,白带,疮疡肿痛。
芦荟:苦,寒。归肝、胃、大肠经。功能主治:清肝热,通便。用于便秘,小儿疳积,惊风;外治湿癣。
荸荠:球茎:甘,平。地上全草:苦,平。功能主治:球茎:清热止渴,利湿化痰,降血压。用于热病伤津烦渴,咽喉肿痛,口腔炎,湿热黄疸,高血压病,小便不利,麻疹,肺热咳嗽,硅肺,痔疮出血。
实施例5
参见图1-图6,本发明实施例提供了一种家禽饲喂用饲料盘,包括筒状外壳1,外壳1内设置有上层盘5和下层盘2;上层盘5包括设有中心通孔的底面和设置在底面周围的外侧壁,底面上还设置有环形的内侧壁8,内侧壁8上端与外侧壁连接,外侧壁、内侧壁8和底面形成密闭的环形腔体6,位于中心通孔周围底面上设置有环形的中心内壁10,中心内壁10内部设置有环形腔体6,位于环形腔体6下方底面上均匀设置有若干个进气孔4,内侧壁8上设置有若干个水平的出气孔7,位于环形腔体6外侧中心内壁10上均匀设置有若干个水平的出气孔7;位于出气孔7下方底面上放置有饲料9;
下层盘2包括盘底和侧壁,盘底的中心位置竖直设置有一圆柱形进液筒11,进液筒11上端开口为进液口15,进液筒11下端侧壁上均匀设置有若干个出液口14;下层盘2的盘底由导热材料制成,且盘底内部设置有加热装置,外壳1底面设置有与加热装置电连接的电源,上层盘5活动放置在下层盘2的上方且周边接触部位密封连接;下层盘2内放置有液体3。液体3为液体药液或药物稀释液,当含有药物液体被加热煮沸时,水蒸气会将药物分子一起带出,对正在进食的家禽进行药物熏蒸,起到治疗眼、鼻等部位疾病的治疗作用。其中,外壳1底面内部设置有电源(蓄电池12),外壳1底部中心位置设置有圆柱形凸台13,圆柱形凸台13上设置有与电源连接的输入端和输出端,下层盘2底面的下端面设置有与圆柱形凸台13配合使用的凹槽19,凹槽19内设置有与加热装置连接输入端和输出端。外壳1和上层盘5均由绝热材料制成,避免下层盘2底面加热后导热给电源;电源为蓄电池,外壳1侧壁上设置有充电插口;下层盘2内设置有温度传感器,温度传感器、所述蓄电池和一开关均与一控制器连接,或加热装置设置有控温开关;外壳1上设置有与加热装置连接的开关;加热装置为现有技术在此不再赘述。
外壳1的内壁上沿外壳1中心轴线对称设置有两对限位槽(即每对两个限位槽),下层盘2和上层盘5的外壁上均对称设置有一对与限位槽配合使用的条形限位突起;与上层盘5配合使用的限位槽20的长度与上层盘5的限位突起17长度相等;与下层盘2配合使用的限位槽21的长度与下层盘2的限位突起18长度相等。即,与上层盘5配合使用的限位槽20位于外壳1内壁的上部,与下层盘2配合使用的限位槽21位于外壳1内壁的下部,这样限位槽21和下层盘2同时起到支撑上层盘5的作用。
外壳1、上层盘5和下层盘2相对位置的侧壁上均设置有透视窗16。
本发明可做为普通饲料盘使用,即在上层盘5上放入饲料9即可;若家禽出现眼、鼻等疾病时,将相应疾病的外用药物调制或稀释成液体3后放入下层盘2并将下层盘2放入外壳1内,然后再将上层盘5放入外壳1内,当需要饲喂时,开启加热装置,并将饲料9放入上层盘5内,当家禽进食时,带有药物的蒸汽透过进气孔4、出气孔7进入饲料9上方,对进食家禽进行熏蒸;当药物用完、饲料未被食用完时,可通过进液筒11的进液口15将药物液体3灌入下层盘2中,不需要将上层盘5拿出即可加药,操作方便。若需要配合内服药物,则可在饲料中混入药物。
毒性试验
急性毒性试验:应用NIH小鼠60只,SPF级,雌雄各半,体重17~24g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为三组,每组20只,即对照组、给药组1和给药组2,实验前禁食12小时;将本发明的实施例2和实施例4制备的药物分别溶解在水中,(浓度为5.74g生药/ml,最高浓度)灌胃给药组1和给药组2,灌胃容积为5ml/kg(即单次给药剂量为28.7生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察14天,并记录小鼠的的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察14天,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。因此,本发明实施例2的药物急性毒性低,临床用药安全。
长期毒性实验:将本发明实施例2和实施例4的药物分别对小鼠按6.43、15.72和36.41g生药/kg连续用药16周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天2次)及停药4周后,结果表明:本发明实施例2和实施例3的药物对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药16周及停药4周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明药物对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
对比试验
山东省某鸡养殖厂发现仔鸡出现死亡现象,仔细观察发现仔鸡群部分鸡只(将近700只)出现精神不振、羽毛松乱、闭眼嗜睡的情况,有些病鸡摇头、甩鼻、打喷嚏等,鼻孔周围有粘液分泌物,部分鸡只出现结膜潮红、眼睑肿大等现象。将死亡仔鸡剖检,取肺脏和气囊上的结节病灶,置于载玻片上,滴加15%的氢氧化钠1滴,盖上盖玻片,再用一张载玻片轻轻按压,镜检可以看见曲霉菌的菌丝,菌丝有分隔,有分生的孢子柄和孢子,确诊为曲霉菌病。
选取15日龄出现曲霉菌病症且眼部感染曲霉菌的患病肉仔鸡300只,300只患病鸡均确诊为曲霉菌病,且300只患病鸡眼部感染症状明显且差异不大,将300患病鸡随机分成五组,每组60只,分别为实施例组1、实施例组2、实施例组3、实施例组4和对照组,分别采用实施例1的饲料喂养并使用克霉唑常规治疗(实施例组1)、采用实施例3的饲料进行治疗(实施例组2)、采用实施例1的饲料喂养并使用克霉唑常规治疗且结合实施例4的外用药物进行治疗(实施例组3)、采用实施例3的饲料喂养且结合实施例4的外用药物进行治疗(实施例组4)、饲喂传统饲料并单独使用克霉唑进行治疗(对照组)。连续治疗7天,观察各组鸡只病情,结果如表1和表2所示。其中,痊愈为精神和食欲恢复正常,摇头、打喷嚏以及眼部病症等均消失;有效为精神和食欲恢复正常,摇头、打喷嚏等病症基本消失,眼部病症明显减轻;无效为病情严重甚至死亡。其中,在治疗过程中,特别观察各组鸡只的眼部病症情况,记录结果并统计,结果如表3和表4所示,眼部症状消失为痊愈,基本消失为有效,眼部症状加重或鸡只死亡为无效。(实施例4的液态药液使用实施例5的饲料盘对进食患病鸡进行熏蒸;传统饲料、实施例1的饲料、实施例3的饲料均可防止在实施例5的饲料盘进行饲喂。)
表1 各实验组治疗效果对照表 只
组别 | 总数 | 痊愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 有效率 | 痊愈率 |
实施例组1 | 60 | 46 | 13 | 1 | 98.3% | 76.7% |
实施例组2 | 60 | 55 | 5 | 0 | 100% | 91.7% |
实施例组3 | 60 | 49 | 10 | 1 | 98.3% | 81.7% |
实施例组4 | 60 | 58 | 2 | 0 | 100% | 96.7% |
对照组 | 60 | 39 | 15 | 6 | 90% | 65% |
由表1的数据可知,与传统饲料相比,使用本发明实施例1提供的饲料饲喂患有曲霉菌病鸡只,能够提高患病鸡的痊愈率;与传统药物相比,使用本发明含有药物添加剂的饲料3喂养患病鸡,明显提高了治疗效果,痊愈率提高了至少25%;由实施例组3、实施例组4和对照组的数据可知,使用本发明实施例4提供的外用药物,能够与内服药物共同作用,提高曲霉菌病的治疗效果。
表2各实验组痊愈数与治疗时间对照表 只(%)
组别 | 总数 | 第1-2天 | 第3-4天 | 第5-7天 |
实施例组1 | 46 | 28(60.9%) | 16(34.8%) | 2(4.3%) |
实施例组2 | 55 | 45(81.8%) | 9(16.4%) | 1(1.8%) |
实施例组3 | 49 | 30(61.2%) | 17(34.7%) | 2(4.1%) |
实施例组4 | 58 | 49(84.5%) | 9(15.5%) | 0(0%) |
对照组 | 39 | 21(53.8%) | 14(35.9%) | 4(10.3%) |
由表2的数据可知,与传统饲料相比,使用本发明实施例1提供的饲料饲喂患有曲霉菌病鸡只,能够缩短痊愈时间;与传统药物相比,使用本发明含有药物添加剂的饲料3喂养患病鸡,明显提高了治疗效果,百分之八十以上的痊愈鸡在两天内即可见效。
表3各实验组患病鸡只眼部情况治疗对照表
组别 | 总数 | 痊愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 有效率 |
实施例组1 | 60 | 46 | 12 | 2 | 96.7% |
实施例组2 | 60 | 55 | 4 | 1 | 98.3% |
实施例组3 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
实施例组4 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
对照组 | 60 | 42 | 12 | 6 | 90% |
表4各实验组患病鸡只眼部症状治疗效果与时间对照表
组别 | 总数 | 第1-2天 | 第3-4天 | 第5-7天 |
实施例组1 | 46 | 29(63.0%) | 14(30.4%) | 3(6.5%) |
实施例组2 | 55 | 36(65.5%) | 15(27.3%) | 4(7.3%) |
实施例组3 | 60 | 58(96.7%) | 2(3.3%) | 0(0%) |
实施例组4 | 60 | 60(100%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) |
对照组 | 42 | 23(54.8%) | 15(35.7%) | 4(9.5%) |
由表3和表4的数据可知,与仅使用内服药物的患病鸡只相比,使用本发明实施例4外用药物的鸡只眼部症状得到明显改善,疗效非常显著,眼部病症痊愈率达到100%,痊愈时间非常短,仅在两天内即可眼部症状全部消失。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述饲料包括小米、豆粕、小麦胚芽饼、葡萄籽粕、地瓜粉、绿豆粉、豌豆蛋白粉、亚麻油渣、玉米油和食盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述饲料由以下重量份数的原料制成:小米27-55重量份、豆粕10-25重量份、小麦胚芽饼12-20重量份、葡萄籽粕5-10重量份、地瓜粉9-20重量份、绿豆粉5-10重量份、豌豆蛋白粉5-10重量份、亚麻油渣5-10重量份、玉米油1-3重量份和食盐0.1-2重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述饲料由以下重量份数的原料制成:小米41重量份、豆粕17重量份、小麦胚芽饼15重量份、葡萄籽粕6重量份、地瓜粉14重量份、绿豆粉7重量份、豌豆蛋白粉7重量份、亚麻油渣6重量份、玉米油2重量份和食盐0.8重量份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述饲料还包括药物添加剂,所述饲料由以下重量份数的原料制成:小米27-55重量份、豆粕10-25重量份、小麦胚芽饼12-20重量份、葡萄籽粕5-10重量份、地瓜粉9-20重量份、绿豆粉5-10重量份、豌豆蛋白粉5-10重量份、亚麻油渣5-10重量份、玉米油1-3重量份、食盐0.1-2重量份和药物添加剂3-8重量份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述药物添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:当归15-30重量份、板蓝根15-25重量份、金银花10-20重量份、石斛10-20重量份、酸枣仁5-10重量份、南瓜藤10-15重量份、孔雀草7-15重量份、蕹菜15-30重量份、核桃楸皮8-17重量份和泥胡菜3-8重量份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述药物添加剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:当归25重量份、板蓝根21重量份、金银花15重量份、石斛18重量份、酸枣仁6重量份、南瓜藤12重量份、孔雀草10重量份、蕹菜20重量份、核桃楸皮20重量份和泥胡菜4重量份。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述药物添加剂的制备方法为:
第一步,将所有所述原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量2~4倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量1~2倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1~2小时,获得300目~400目的超微细粉,然后再进行研磨得所述药物。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述饲料放置在雏鸡用饲料盘中;所述饲料盘包括筒状外壳,所述外壳内设置有上层盘和下层盘;
所述上层盘包括设有中心通孔的底面和设置在所述底面周围的外侧壁,所述底面上还设置有环形的内侧壁,所述内侧壁上端与所述外侧壁连接,所述外侧壁、所述内侧壁和所述底面形成密闭的环形腔体,位于所述中心通孔周围所述底面上设置有环形的中心内壁,所述中心内壁内部设置有环形腔体,位于所述环形腔体下方所述底面上均匀设置有若干个进气孔,所述内侧壁上设置有若干个水平的出气孔,位于所述环形腔体外侧所述中心内壁上均匀设置有若干个水平的出气孔;位于所述出气孔下方所述底面上放置有饲料;
所述下层盘包括盘底和侧壁,所述盘底的中心位置竖直设置有一圆柱形进液筒,所述进液筒上端开口为进液口,所述进液筒下端侧壁上均匀设置有若干个出液口;所述下层盘的盘底由导热材料制成,且所述盘底内部设置有加热装置,所述外壳底面设置有与所述加热装置电连接的电源,所述上层盘活动设置在所述下层盘的上方且周边接触部位密封连接;所述下层盘内放置有液态药物。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述液态药物由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:灵香草10-20重量份、酢浆草7-12重量份、葡萄籽5-9重量份、白芷5-10重量份、芦荟2-5重量份和荸荠2-5重量份。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的1-3周龄雏鸡用饲料,其特征在于,所述液态药物的制备方法为:
第一步,将所有所述液态药物的原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量2~4倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量1~2倍的醇浓度为85~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1~2小时,获得300目~400目的超微细粉,然后再进行研磨得粉末状物;使用时,按照1-5:20的重量比将粉状物加入水中进行稀释即得所述液态药液。
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