CN105876236A - 用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105876236A CN105876236A CN201610240524.7A CN201610240524A CN105876236A CN 105876236 A CN105876236 A CN 105876236A CN 201610240524 A CN201610240524 A CN 201610240524A CN 105876236 A CN105876236 A CN 105876236A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂及其制备方法,饲料添加剂包括以下原料药材:黄芪、丹参、当归、红葱、桂枝、葫芦茶、丁癸草和禾虫。本发明的有益效果是:本发明的饲料添加剂不仅能够有效预防鸡传染性鼻炎,还能提高鸡抗病能力,本发明的原料均是天然产物,具有安全性高、无药物残留、毒副作用等优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及鸡用饲料添加剂,特别涉及一种用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
鸡传染性鼻炎是由副鸡嗜血杆菌引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,其特征是鼻腔和鼻窦发炎,打喷嚏,流鼻液,颜面肿胀,结膜炎等。本病可在育成鸡群和蛋鸡群中发生,其所造成的经济损失包括鸡只生长停滞、淘汰率增加,以及产蛋量显著下降(10%~40%),给养鸡业带来较大危害。鸡传染性鼻炎呈世界性分布,以处于温带的国家和地区最常见。
本病发生的特点是潜伏期短,传播迅速,短时间内便可波及全群。发病率高,病鸡精神萎顿,垂头缩颈,食欲明显降低。最初看到自鼻孔流出水样汁液,继而转为浆性粘性分泌物,鸡只有时甩头,打喷嚏。眼结膜发炎,眼睑肿胀,有的流泪。一侧或两侧颜面肿胀。部分病鸡可见下颌部或肉髯水肿。育成鸡表现为生长不良,产蛋鸡产蛋量明显下降。处在产蛋高峰期的鸡群产蛋呈大幅度下降,特别是肉种鸡几乎绝产。老龄鸡发病产蛋量下降幅度较小。一般情况下鸡只死亡较少,流行后期鸡群中常有死鸡出现,多数为瘦弱鸡只,或其他细菌性疾病继发感染所致,没有明显的死亡高峰。
目前多使用抗生素进行治疗,如0.2%~0.4%红霉素饮水或饲料中添加0.1%~0.2%氯霉素和土霉素,连用3~5天,虽然使用抗生素有一定的治疗效果,但抗生素的长期大量的滥用会产生严重的负面效应。现代科学研究表明:动物食品中抗生素残留可能导致人体DNA 结构发生突变,从而造成致残、致畸、致癌等严重后果,对人类健康构成极大危害。所以,如何提供一种安全防治鸡传染性鼻炎、无毒副作用和防治效果好的药物添加剂是本发明主要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何提供一种安全、无毒副作用和防治效果好的用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂及其制备方法。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂,所述饲料添加剂包括以下原料药材:黄芪、丹参、当归、红葱、桂枝、葫芦茶、丁癸草和禾虫。
所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪10-25重量份、丹参12-21重量份、当归10-20重量份、红葱8-15重量份、桂枝5-17重量份、葫芦茶12-20重量份、丁癸草13-25重量份和禾虫3-9重量份。
所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪13-22重量份、丹参15-19重量份、当归13-17重量份、红葱9-12重量份、桂枝8-15重量份、葫芦茶14-18重量份、丁癸草15-22重量份和禾虫4-7重量份。
所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪17重量份、丹参17重量份、当归15重量份、红葱10重量份、桂枝12重量份、葫芦茶15重量份、丁癸草18重量份和禾虫5重量份。
优选地,所述饲料添加剂还包括:云芝、柠条、蜘蛛香;所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪10-25重量份、丹参12-21重量份、当归10-20重量份、红葱8-15重量份、桂枝5-17重量份、葫芦茶12-20重量份、丁癸草13-25重量份、禾虫3-9重量份、云芝1-3重量份、柠条5-14重量份、蜘蛛香7-15重量份。
所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪13-22重量份、丹参15-19重量份、当归13-17重量份、红葱9-12重量份、桂枝8-15重量份、葫芦茶14-18重量份、丁癸草15-22重量份、禾虫4-7重量份、云芝1-3重量份、柠条7-12重量份、蜘蛛香9-14重量份。
所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪17重量份、丹参17重量份、当归15重量份、红葱10重量份、桂枝12重量份、葫芦茶15重量份、丁癸草18重量份、禾虫5重量份、云芝2重量份、柠条9重量份、蜘蛛香11重量份。
为了更好的实现上述发明目的,本发明还提供了一种用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂的制备方法,所述饲料添加剂为颗粒剂,其制备方法为:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~8倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流3~5小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.04~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
所述饲料添加剂为散剂,其制备方法为:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将第一步获得粉末加入冷水中浸泡6小时~12小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为3小时~5小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,所加入的水的质量是第一步获得的粉末质量的2~4倍;
第三步,将第二步过滤获得的滤渣再次加入冷水中,以文火煎煮2小时~4小时,过滤获得第二滤液,所加入的水的质量是第二步获得的粉末质量的2~4倍;
第四步,将第二步获得的第一滤液和第三步获得的第二滤液混合,减压浓缩除去水,干燥,粉碎成粉末,粒度为80~120目;
第五步,在所述第四步获得的粉末中,加入淀粉,所述淀粉在所述散剂中的重量百分比为15%~30%,即得所述散剂。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的饲料添加剂不仅能够有效预防鸡传染性鼻炎,还能提高鸡抗病能力,本发明的原料均是天然产物,具有安全性高、无药物残留、毒副作用等优势。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂包括以下原料药材:黄芪、丹参、当归、红葱、桂枝、葫芦茶、丁癸草和禾虫;优选地,还包括:云芝、柠条和蜘蛛香。
上述原料的特性如下:
黄芪:甘,温。归肺、脾经。功能主治:补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,气虚水肿,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚痿黄,内热消渴;慢性肾炎蛋白尿,糖尿病。
丹参:苦,微寒。归心、肝经。功能主治:祛瘀止痛,活血通经,清心除烦。用于***,经闭痛经,症瘕积聚,胸腹刺痛,热痹疼痛,疮疡肿痛,心烦不眠;肝脾肿大,心绞痛。
当归: 甘、辛,温。归肝、心、脾经。功能主治:补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,***,经闭痛经,虚寒腹痛,肠燥便秘,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤,痈疽疮疡。酒当归活血通经。用于经闭痛经,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤。
红葱: 别名:红葱头、小红葱、怕波亮;来源:鸢尾科红葱Eleutherine americana
Merr. ex K. Heyne (E. plicata
Herb.),以全草、鳞茎入药。苦,凉。功能主治:清热解毒,散瘀消肿,止血。
桂枝: 辛、甘,温。归心、肺、膀胱经。功能主治:发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气。用于风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸,奔豚。
葫芦茶:微苦、涩,凉。功能主治:清热解毒,消积利湿,杀虫防腐。用于预防中暑,感冒发热,咽喉肿痛,肾炎,黄疸型肝炎,肠炎,细菌性痢疾,小儿疳积,妊娠呕吐,菠萝中毒,小儿硬皮病。
丁癸草: 甘、淡、凉。功能主治:清热解毒,凉血解毒。用于感冒,咽喉炎,急性黄疸型肝炎,急性胃肠炎,急性阑尾炎,小儿疳积,急性乳腺炎,眼角膜炎;外用治跌打损伤,痈疖肿毒,毒蛇咬伤。
禾虫:味甘;性温。归脾;胃经。功能主治:补脾胃;益气血;利水消肿。主脾胃虚弱;泄泻;贫血;水肿。
云芝:甘;淡;微寒。归肝;脾;肺经。功能主治:健脾利湿;止咳平喘;清热解毒;抗肿瘤。主慢性活动性肝炎;肝硬变;慢性支气管炎;小儿痉挛性支气管炎;咽喉肿痛;多种肿瘤;类风湿性关节炎;白血病。
柠条:甘;温。归肝;肾经。功能主治:滋阴补血,活血。主***。
蜘蛛香:辛、微苦,温。功能主治:消食健胃,理气止痛,祛风解毒。胃痛腹胀,消化不良,小儿疳积,胃肠炎,痢疾,风湿疼痛,腰膝酸软。
以下采用实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1饲料添加剂1
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂,由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪17重量份、丹参17重量份、当归15重量份、红葱10重量份、桂枝12重量份、葫芦茶15重量份、丁癸草18重量份和禾虫5重量份;
其制备方法为:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物6倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟1.5ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.07Mpa下减压浓缩至55℃时相对密度为1.07的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度170℃、出风温度85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.3倍的蔗糖粉和0.1倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于45℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
实施例2饲料添加剂2
所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪17重量份、丹参17重量份、当归15重量份、红葱10重量份、桂枝12重量份、葫芦茶15重量份、丁癸草18重量份、禾虫5重量份、云芝2重量份、柠条9重量份、蜘蛛香11重量份。
所述饲料添加剂为散剂,其制备方法为:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将第一步获得粉末加入冷水中浸泡9小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为4小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,所加入的水的质量是第一步获得的粉末质量的3倍;
第三步,将第二步过滤获得的滤渣再次加入冷水中,以文火煎煮3小时,过滤获得第二滤液,所加入的水的质量是第二步获得的粉末质量的3倍;
第四步,将第二步获得的第一滤液和第三步获得的第二滤液混合,减压浓缩除去水,干燥,粉碎成粉末,粒度为100目;
第五步,在所述第四步获得的粉末中,加入淀粉,所述淀粉在所述散剂中的重量百分比为20%,即得所述散剂。
实施例3饲料1
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料,由以下原料制成:小米37重量份、小麦39重量份、芋头21重量份、荠菜11重量份、藕粉18重量份、菱角粉11重量份、葡萄籽9重量份、血浆蛋白粉7重量份、食盐2重量份、橄榄油3重量份、微量元素预混料0.1重量份、维生素预混料0.1重量份和饲料添加剂8重量份;其中,饲料添加剂为实施例1制备的饲料添加剂1。
饲料的制备方法为:
按照重量份数比称取小米、小麦、芋头、荠菜、藕粉和菱角粉,混合后投入粉碎机进行粉碎,粉碎粒度为40目;
将粉碎后混合物蒸煮40分钟并与研磨的葡萄籽、血浆蛋白粉、食盐、橄榄油、微量元素预混料、维生素预混料和饲料添加剂均投入混合机混合均匀,混合时间为3分钟;
投入制粒机进行制粒,制粒温度为75℃。
实施例4饲料2
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料,由以下原料制成:小米45重量份、小麦32重量份、芋头25重量份、荠菜9重量份、藕粉14重量份、菱角粉7重量份、葡萄籽10重量份、血浆蛋白粉6重量份、食盐1重量份、橄榄油4重量份、微量元素预混料0.1重量份、维生素预混料0.1重量份和饲料添加剂9重量份。其中,饲料添加剂为实施例2制备的饲料添加剂2。
饲料的制备方法为:
按照重量份数比称取小米、小麦、芋头、荠菜、藕粉和菱角粉,混合后投入粉碎机进行粉碎,粉碎粒度为40目;
将粉碎后混合物蒸煮40分钟并与研磨的葡萄籽、血浆蛋白粉、食盐、橄榄油、微量元素预混料、维生素预混料和饲料添加剂均投入混合机混合均匀,混合时间为5分钟;
投入制粒机进行制粒,制粒温度为85℃。
毒性试验
应用NIH小鼠40只,SPF级,雌雄各半,体重18~22g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为两组,每组20只,即对照组和给药组,实验前禁食12小时;将本发明的实施例1制备的饲料添加剂1,溶解在水中,(浓度为6.58g生药/ml,最高浓度)灌胃,灌胃容积为5ml/kg(即单次给药剂量为32.9生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察14天,并记录小鼠的的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察14天,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。
将本发明实施例2制备的饲料添加剂2对小鼠按7.81、18.34和40.11g生药/kg连续用药12周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天2次)及停药4周后,结果表明:本发明饲料添加剂对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药12周及停药4周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明饲料添加剂对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
对比试验
山东省某肉鸡养殖场于2014年12月份发现部分16周龄左右的育成鸡出现打喷嚏、流鼻液,面肿胀,食欲下降,生长不良等现象,甚至出现了死亡鸡只,以无菌操作方法用棉拭采取死亡鸡只眼、鼻腔或眶下窦分泌物,在血液琼脂平板上与金黄色葡萄球菌交叉接种,在5%~10%CO2环境中培养,可见葡萄球菌菌落周围有明显的卫星现象,其他部位不见或很少有细菌生长。获得纯培养后菌接种易感鸡24h后,试验鸡均出现食欲减少,脸部和眼睑部水肿、流泪,流水样鼻液,并从人工感染鸡的眶下窦中分离到副鸡嗜血杆菌。经过诊断鉴别为鸡传染性鼻炎。出现鸡传染性鼻炎的患病鸡将近2000只育成鸡,选取500只患病鸡作为治疗对象,随机分成五个实验组,每组100只患病鸡,分别为实施例组1-4和对照组,分别使用添加有实施例1的饲料添加剂1的传统饲料(实施例组1)、添加有实施例2的饲料添加剂2的传统饲料(实施例组2)、实施例3的饲料1(实施例组5)、实施例4的饲料2(实施例组4)和传统饲料(对照组),按照正常饲喂方式喂养,饲喂3-7天,其中对照组采用传统饲料中添加0.1%-0.2%氯霉素和土霉素进行治疗,饲料添加剂1和饲料添加剂2均按照9:100的重量百分比添加到传统饲料中喂养。饲喂期间观察并记录各组治疗效果,结果如表1和表2所示。其中,饲喂7天内,打喷嚏、流鼻液等症状均消失,食欲等恢复正常为痊愈,打喷嚏、流鼻液等症状基本消失,食欲等基本恢复正常为有效,仍有打喷嚏、流鼻液等症状,甚至死亡为无效。
表1 各实验组治疗效果对照表 (只)
组别 | 总数 | 痊愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 有效率 |
实施例组1 | 100 | 94 | 6 | 0 | 100% |
实施例组2 | 100 | 95 | 5 | 0 | 100% |
实施例组3 | 100 | 97 | 3 | 0 | 100% |
实施例组4 | 100 | 98 | 2 | 0 | 100% |
对照组 | 100 | 78 | 9 | 13 | 87% |
从表1的数据可知,与传统药物治疗的患病鸡相比,使用含有本发明实施例1-2饲料添加剂的饲料和本发明实施例3和4的饲料喂养的患病鸡,痊愈率明显提高。
表2 各实验组痊愈只数与治疗时间对照表(%)
组别 | 总数 | 第1天 | 第2天 | 第3天 | 第4-5天 | 第6-7天 |
实施例组1 | 94 | 42(44.7%) | 30(31.9%) | 18(19.1%) | 3(3.2%) | 1(1.1%) |
实施例组2 | 95 | 45(47.4%) | 32(33.7%) | 15(15.8%) | 3(3.2%) | 0(%) |
实施例组3 | 97 | 47(48.5%) | 36(37.1%) | 10(10.3%) | 4(4.1%) | 0(%) |
实施例组4 | 98 | 48(49.0%) | 37(37.8%) | 10(10.2%) | 3(3.1%) | 0(%) |
对照组 | 78 | 9(11.5%) | 15(19.2%) | 24(30.8%) | 19(24.4%) | 11(14.1%) |
从表2的数据可知,与传统药物治疗的患病鸡相比,使用含有本发明实施例1-2饲料添加剂的饲料和本发明实施例3和4的饲料喂养的患病鸡,其治疗时间明显缩短了。
通过对比实验可知,本发明实施例的饲料添加剂均优于传统药物,即本发明实施例的饲料添加剂能够很好的治疗鸡传染性鼻炎,具有安全性高、无药物残留、毒副作用等优势。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂包括以下原料药材:黄芪、丹参、当归、红葱、桂枝、葫芦茶、丁癸草和禾虫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪10-25重量份、丹参12-21重量份、当归10-20重量份、红葱8-15重量份、桂枝5-17重量份、葫芦茶12-20重量份、丁癸草13-25重量份和禾虫3-9重量份。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪13-22重量份、丹参15-19重量份、当归13-17重量份、红葱9-12重量份、桂枝8-15重量份、葫芦茶14-18重量份、丁癸草15-22重量份和禾虫4-7重量份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:黄芪17重量份、丹参17重量份、当归15重量份、红葱10重量份、桂枝12重量份、葫芦茶15重量份、丁癸草18重量份和禾虫5重量份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂为颗粒剂,其制备方法为:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物4~8倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流3~5小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.04~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的用于防治鸡传染性鼻炎的饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂为散剂,其制备方法为:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将第一步获得粉末加入冷水中浸泡6小时~12小时,以文火煎煮,煎煮时间为3小时~5小时,将煎煮液过滤,获得第一滤液,所加入的水的质量是第一步获得的粉末质量的2~4倍;
第三步,将第二步过滤获得的滤渣再次加入冷水中,以文火煎煮2小时~4小时,过滤获得第二滤液,所加入的水的质量是第二步获得的粉末质量的2~4倍;
第四步,将第二步获得的第一滤液和第三步获得的第二滤液混合,减压浓缩除去水,干燥,粉碎成粉末,粒度为80~120目;
第五步,在所述第四步获得的粉末中,加入淀粉,所述淀粉在所述散剂中的重量百分比为15%~30%,即得所述散剂。
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CN107669838A (zh) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-02-09 | 肖秋花 | 一种用于防治鸡呼吸***疾病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
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CN107669838A (zh) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-02-09 | 肖秋花 | 一种用于防治鸡呼吸***疾病的饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
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