CN106258878A - A kind of corn straw composite interstitial substance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of corn straw composite interstitial substance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106258878A CN106258878A CN201610642507.6A CN201610642507A CN106258878A CN 106258878 A CN106258878 A CN 106258878A CN 201610642507 A CN201610642507 A CN 201610642507A CN 106258878 A CN106258878 A CN 106258878A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of corn straw composite interstitial substance being applicable to vegetable soilless culture and preparation method thereof, and wherein composite interstitial substance includes corn straw and river sand, corn straw 8 parts by volume, river sand 2 parts by volume.The each index of composite interstitial substance of the present invention all meets the requirement of vegetable growth, reach soilless culture substrate standard wherein organic principle about 80%, its service life reaches more than 2～5 years, and corn straw composite interstitial substance cost reduces by 60～80% than conventional substrate, such as reduce by 80% than rock wool, reduce by 75% than Vermiculitum, reduce by 75% than Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), reduce by 70% than the peat composed of rotten mosses, reduce by 60% than perlite.Again recycle for straw, save natural resources, preserve the ecological environment and provide an effective development outlet.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture and garden vegetable field, be specifically related to vegetable soilless culture technical field, particularly relate to one
Corn straw composite interstitial substance being applicable to vegetable soilless culture and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Substrate culture is the important form of soilless culture, and soilless culture many employings substrate of existing most countries fruit vegetables is planted
Training.After rock wool and peat are the comparatively ideal cultivation matrixes generally acknowledged in the world at present, but rock wool uses, non-degradable can pollute
Environment, and mud and charcoal is limited, belongs to country's wet land protection category, resource is fewer and feweri, the most non-renewable.At present, domestic
Also having carried out a lot of use substrate and replaced the research in terms of Nutrition Soil carries out crops seedling, its crops seedling medium is essentially
The peat composed of rotten mosses, Vermiculitum, perlite, mixture is with n-p-k element, trace element and sterilization, insecticide, and commonly using as substrate seedling
The raw material peat composed of rotten mosses, was formed by thousand of years, was a kind of non-renewable resources.Also some research uses are had to utilize straw, dung polluted water
Just wait recyclability resource, process through multiplex biochemistry, then add binding agent, water-retaining agent and slow release fertilizer etc. and produce seedling cultivation of rice
Substrate, but the additional auxiliary agent of this method is many, comparatively laborious, and production cost is high.It is therefore desirable to research and development one source is wide
Substrate general, that the feature of environmental protection is good.
Report according to United Nations Environment Programme: the crops planted in the world can provide all kinds of straw about 2,000,000,000 tons every year.
China's agricultural straw resource owning amount occupies first place in the world, and straw kind has nearly 20 kinds, enormous amount.Publish according in July, 1998
The data of " evaluation of Chinese biological matter resource availability " show: nineteen ninety-five China's agricultural crop straw yield is 6.04 hundred million tons, its
Middle corn straw 2.24 hundred million tons.Semen Maydis is the cereal crops that China is main, and the annual straw produced reaches more than several hundred million ton.At present,
The straw in the whole nation about 30% is directly used as life in the countryside fuel；10% is used for animal feeding-stuff；23% is used as industry or sideline production
Produce；6% direct returning to farmland.Most of straw is still fallen by on-site incineration, and this not only causes great environmental pollution
And potential safety hazard, and waste substantial amounts of resource.Agricultural crop straw comprehensive utilization always country solves crop straw burning, alleviation
The major measure of energy crisis.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to China's existing soilless culture substrate investment bigger than normal, the problems such as source of drawing material is difficult to, and cost of transportation is high,
There is provided a kind of composite interstitial substance being applicable to vegetable with corn straw as raw material, by research straw decomposing, asepticization process, base
The regulation and control of matter proportion optimizing, physicochemical property and the matrix formulations impact etc. on vegetable growth, filter out a kind of optimal Semen Maydis
Straw organic composite substratd formula.
For solving the problems referred to above, corn straw composite interstitial substance disclosed by the invention includes corn straw and river sand, Qi Zhongyu
Rice straw 8 parts by volume, river sand 2 parts by volume.
Preferably, present invention also offers the preparation method of described corn straw composite interstitial substance, particularly as follows:
Screening particle diameter is the fluvial sand of 0.1～0.5cm；
In every cubic metre of river sand, add 60 grams of metrifonate, 100 grams of carbendazim or 200 grams of Bravos, fully mix sterilization thoroughly
Make fluvial sand asepticization；
By becoming thoroughly decomposed, corn straw and the fluvial sand proportions by volume for 8:2 is uniformly mixed.
Preferably, the corn straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in uses following method to prepare: including:
Pulverize, the granule that corn straw smashing becomes particle diameter be 0.1～0.5cm；
Configuration solution, prepares the water of 1.8～2.0 times of straw weight, add in water account for straw weight fraction 0.5～
The carbamide of 0.8% is to regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio；
Stirring, pours into the solution of configuration in granular corn straw, and the water content making corn straw is 65%；
Stacking, piles wide 2 meters, the buttress of high 1.5～1.6 meters by corn straw, and length does not limits, and obturages with plastic sheeting；
Turning, after temperature reaches 50 DEG C, once, once, make-up solution keeps in winter 8～12 days turning in turning in 7 days summers
Water content, makes corn straw blackening, change grain, fiber be softened degraded and i.e. become thoroughly decomposed through the after date that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
Sterilization, adds 60 grams of metrifonate, 100 grams of carbendazim or 200 grams of Bravos, fully in every cubic metre of corn straw
Mix sterilization thoroughly and make substrate asepticization, obtain the corn straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Preferably, becoming thoroughly decomposed the phase described in described turning step, summer is 25～35 days, and winter is 60～90 days.
Preferably, described preparation method also includes, adds the vegetable punching fertilising of 3 kilograms also in the mixture of every cubic metre
Mix homogeneously.
Preferably, described pulverising step utilizes Highefficientpulverizer to pulverize；Whipping step utilizes High-efficient Stirrer to carry out
Stirring；It is provided with electric control gear in plastic sheeting described in stacking step；One is arranged every 2.5～3 meters at stacking length direction
Individual temperature-humidity detecting device；In stacking north side, reflex reflector is set.
Preferably, Highefficientpulverizer includes: frame, housing and the feed arrangement being located in frame, hammering device, pulverizing dress
Put, aerator, wherein,
Frame one end is located at by feed arrangement, including the helical axis being located in feed arrangement, the feed end of being located at feed arrangement
Charging aperture, the discharge end of feed arrangement is connected with hammering device；
Hammering device includes the hydraulic pump being installed on the top board of housing and the hammer body being located on the take-off lever of hydraulic pump, hammer body
It is located at the lower section of hydraulic pump；
The sidewall of hammering device passes through air intake passage and hammering device at the aerator that is arranged over of feed arrangement, aerator
Connect；
The other end of hammering device is connected with air channel, is provided with the first baffle plate and second baffle, wherein the first baffle plate in air channel
Near hammering device, the first baffle plate is connected to the housing above air channel, the lower end of the first baffle plate and housing interval, and second baffle leans on
Nearly reducing mechanism, second baffle is connected between the housing above and below air channel, and second baffle is provided with a plurality of longitudinal opening；
The air channel other end is connected with reducing mechanism, and reducing mechanism includes rotating shaft and two swivel knife being located in rotating shaft, rotation
Rotor includes blade and knife rest, and knife rest is " V "-shaped, and blade is separately mounted to knife rest both sides, the blade installation side of two swivel knife
To contrary and direction of rotation is contrary；
The sidewall of reducing mechanism is arranged over discharging opening.
Preferably, rotating shaft includes:
First rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft, drivewheel, the first transmission component, the second transmission component, driven pulley and the first housing
With the second housing；
First rotating shaft is connected between the first housing and the second housing；
Second rotary shaft hollow, is located at the junction of the first rotating shaft and the second housing, and is enclosed within the outside of the first rotating shaft；
Drivewheel be socketed in outside the first rotating shaft with the first rotating shaft synchronous rotary；
Driven pulley be socketed in outside the second rotating shaft with the second rotating shaft synchronous rotary；
First transmission component includes: three the first drive shafts and be socketed in respectively on the first drive shaft three first
Travelling gear, drivewheel is positioned at the center of the triangle that three the first travelling gears are formed and nibbles respectively with the first travelling gear
Closing, and drivewheel width is less than the width of the first travelling gear, the first travelling gear is divided into external toothing portion and interior at width
Engaging piece, drivewheel and the first travelling gear engage in the external toothing portion of the first travelling gear；
Second transmission component includes: three the second drive shafts and be socketed in respectively on the second drive shaft three second
Travelling gear, driven pulley is positioned at the center of the triangle that three the second travelling gears are formed and nibbles respectively with the second travelling gear
Closing, and driven pulley width is less than the width of the second travelling gear, the second travelling gear is divided into external toothing portion and interior at width
Engaging piece, driven pulley and the second travelling gear engage in the external toothing portion of the second travelling gear；
Second travelling gear is engaged in the outside of adjacent two first travelling gears respectively, and the second travelling gear B52's is interior
The internal messing portion engagement of engaging piece and the first travelling gear.
Preferably, described High-efficient Stirrer includes frame, and the left side inclined upward of described frame is provided with fixing agitator tank,
The lower end of described fixing agitator tank is socketed with and fixes the rotation agitator tank that agitator tank matches, in described frame
Portion tilts to be fixedly connected with the first rotary shaft, and the top of described first rotary shaft is provided with and fix that agitator tank matches first
Runner, the right side level of described frame is fixedly connected with the second rotary shaft, and the top of described second rotary shaft is provided with and rotates
The second runner that agitator tank matches, the outside of described agitator tank is provided with heat-insulation layer, and the middle part of described heat-insulation layer is uniformly arranged
There is a plurality of passage of heat,
The right side upper surface of described frame is installed with the first driving motor, and described first drives the side of motor to connect
Having driving gear, the lower outside wall of described rotation agitator tank to be provided with ring slot, described driving gear is nibbled with ring slot
Close,
The left side of described frame is provided above boss, and the upper surface of described boss is tiltedly installed with the second driving motor,
Described second drives the top of motor to be connected by rotating shaft shaft coupling, and described second drives motor by shaft coupling and shaft
Top connect,
Rolling bearing, the two ends up and down of described fixing agitator tank it are provided with in the middle part of the two ends up and down of described fixing agitator tank
Being provided with shaft by rolling bearing, the surrounding of described shaft is evenly arranged with stirring vane.
Preferably, the lower inside of described rotation agitator tank uniformly connects many stirring rod, can be used for straw turning step
In Zhou, straw is carried out turning operation, it is ensured that turning is thorough.
Preferably, described electric control gear includes
Attemperating unit, can control below 70 DEG C by the temperature within thin film,
Humidity regulation device, can be adjusted the humidity in thin film, it is to avoid the straw within thin film air-dries, and affects straw
The quality become thoroughly decomposed,
Spray equipment, it is electrically connected with described attemperating unit and humidity regulation device, can enter the straw within thin film
Row atomization and spray operation.
Preferably, described spray equipment includes head body,
Described head body includes flow channel entry point section, runner linkage section, mixed aerosol chamber and spray orifice,
Described mixed aerosol chamber is to be arranged on the spherical hollow space within head body；Described flow channel entry point section is arranged on shower nozzle
The water inlet end of body, described flow channel entry point section is by the connection integrated with mixed aerosol chamber of runner linkage section；
Described mixed aerosol chamber is provided with some spray orifices, and described spray orifice connection hybrid chamber is with extraneous.
Preferably, described temperature-humidity detecting device includes 3 Temperature Humidity Sensors, 1 single-chip microcomputer, wherein 3 humitures
Sensor be respectively arranged on 0.2～0.5 meter of height in stacking, 0.9～1.1 meter of height and, 1.3～1.4 meters of height, temperature and humidity sensing
Device is connected with microcontroller communication.
Preferably, described reflex reflector, the support including base, being located on base and the illuminator being located on support,
The junction of frame and base is provided with and motor-driven is horizontally rotated assembly by first, support be provided with install illuminator by second
Motor-driven vertical tilt component, illuminator top is provided with photoelectric sensor, and base is provided with control device, controls device and includes
Amplifying circuit, single-chip microcomputer and the motor-drive circuit being connected with photoelectric sensor.
The present invention is by regulation rational proportion, and become more meticulous preparation process simultaneously, utilizes Highefficientpulverizer to enter at pulverising step
Row is pulverized；Whipping step utilizes High-efficient Stirrer to be stirred；It is provided with electric control gear in plastic sheeting described in stacking step；
At stacking length direction, a temperature-humidity detecting device is set every 2.5～3 meters；Reflex reflector is set in stacking north side, passes through
Above Precise control and adjustment so that Semen Maydis famine straw is uniform when stirring, mixing, and during turning, temperature humidity controls rationally,
And reach Sensitive Detection, rely on reflex reflector to make whole stacking uniform illumination sufficient simultaneously, thus hold during straw decomposing
The aspects such as weight, porosity, ventilating slit, water holding hole, are susceptible to the uneven impact of manual operation, produce the corn straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed
Balance of properties, repetitive operation is extremely strong.
The corn straw composite interstitial substance the key technical indexes of the present invention can reach: unit weight 0.41g/cm3, total porosity
75.50%, ventilating slit 25.17%, water holding hole 50.33%, size void ratio (WGR) 1:2.0, pH6.37, EC
2.51ms/cm, organic principle 80%, meet the requirement of vegetable growth, reach soilless culture substrate standard.The jade of the present invention
Organic principle about 80% in rice straw composite interstitial substance, reaches more than 2～5 years its service life, and corn straw composite interstitial substance becomes
This reduces by 60～80% than conventional substrate, such as, reduce by 80% than rock wool, reduces by 75% than Vermiculitum, reduces by 75% than Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L),
Reduce by 70% than the peat composed of rotten mosses, reduce by 60% than perlite.Again recycle for straw, save natural resources, preserve the ecological environment
Provide an effective development outlet.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the Highefficientpulverizer used in the preparation method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the swivel knife of the Highefficientpulverizer used.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the Highefficientpulverizer shaft used.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the first transmission component in the Highefficientpulverizer used.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the second transmission component in the Highefficientpulverizer used.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that in the Highefficientpulverizer used, the first transmission component and the second transmission component coordinate.
Fig. 7 is that corn straw composite interstitial substance different ratio affects figure to Development of Tomato.
Fig. 8 is that corn straw composite interstitial substance optimum proportioning affects figure to Development of Tomato.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.
The corn straw composite interstitial substance being applicable to vegetable soilless culture includes corn straw and river sand, wherein corn straw 8
Parts by volume, river sand 2 parts by volume.
The preparation method of corn straw composite interstitial substance includes: pulverizes, utilizes Highefficientpulverizer by corn straw smashing granulating
Footpath is the granule of 0.1～0.5cm, to facilitate follow-up stacking and to become thoroughly decomposed；Configuration solution, prepares 1.8～2.0 times of straw weight
Water, add in water account for the weight fraction 0.5 of straw～0.8% carbamide to regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio；Add solution, molten by configure
Liquid is poured in granular corn straw, and the water content making corn straw is 65%, and now corn straw suitably becomes thoroughly decomposed；Stacking,
Corn straw is piled wide 2 meters, the buttress of high 1.5～1.6 meters, obturages with plastic sheeting；Turning, after temperature reaches 50 DEG C, the summer
Once, once, make-up solution keeps water content, needs summer within 25～32 days, can make jade in winter 8～12 days turning in it turning in 7 days
Rice straw blackening, change grain, fiber are softened degraded and i.e. become thoroughly decomposed, and need 60～90 days winter；Sterilization, at every cubic metre of corn straw
60 grams of metrifonate of middle addition, 100 grams of carbendazim or 200 grams of Bravos, fully mix sterilization thoroughly and make substrate asepticization；Screening particle diameter is
The fluvial sand of 0.1～0.5cm；60 grams of metrifonate, 100 grams of carbendazim or 200 grams of Bravos are added, fully in every cubic metre of river sand
Mix sterilization thoroughly and make fluvial sand asepticization；By the corn straw become thoroughly decomposed and fluvial sand, proportions for 8:2 mixes by volume.
The present invention repeatedly uses this operation of stirring, uniformly stirs during for reaching the preparation so that corn straw and fluvial sand
The effect mixed, in the preparation process of corn straw composite interstitial substance, uses a kind of High-efficient Stirrer, thus ensure that preparation process
In composite interstitial substance quality reach optimum.
Described High-efficient Stirrer, including frame, the left side inclined upward of described frame is provided with fixing agitator tank,
The lower end of described fixing agitator tank is socketed with and fixes the rotation agitator tank that agitator tank matches, in described frame
Portion tilts to be fixedly connected with the first rotary shaft, and the top of described first rotary shaft is provided with and fix that agitator tank matches first
Runner, the right side level of described frame is fixedly connected with the second rotary shaft, and the top of described second rotary shaft is provided with and rotates
The second runner that agitator tank matches, the outside of described agitator tank is provided with heat-insulation layer, and the middle part of described heat-insulation layer is uniformly arranged
There is a plurality of passage of heat,
The right side upper surface of described frame is installed with the first driving motor, and described first drives the side of motor to connect
Having driving gear, the lower outside wall of described rotation agitator tank to be provided with ring slot, described driving gear is nibbled with ring slot
Close,
The left side of described frame is provided above boss, and the upper surface of described boss is tiltedly installed with the second driving motor,
Described second drives the top of motor to be connected by rotating shaft shaft coupling, and described second drives motor by shaft coupling and shaft
Top connect,
Rolling bearing, the two ends up and down of described fixing agitator tank it are provided with in the middle part of the two ends up and down of described fixing agitator tank
Being provided with shaft by rolling bearing, the surrounding of described shaft is evenly arranged with stirring vane.
Described charging aperture is positioned at the upper left quarter of fixing agitator tank, and described discharging opening is positioned at the right side rotating agitator tank.
The lower inside of described rotation agitator tank uniformly connects many stirring rod, can be used in straw turning step straw
Stalk carries out turning operation, it is ensured that turning is thorough.
For controlling water content and the temperature of corn straw stacking, stacking arranges multiple temperature-humidity detecting device, each
Temperature-humidity detecting device includes 3 Temperature Humidity Sensors, 1 single-chip microcomputer, during wherein Temperature Humidity Sensor is respectively arranged on stacking 0.2
～0.5 meter of height, 0.9～1.1 meter of height and, 1.3～1.4 meters of height, Temperature Humidity Sensor is connected with microcontroller communication, monolithic
Machine is connected with outside middle control computer wireless.At stacking length direction, a temperature-humidity detecting device is set every 2.5～3 meters.
Utilize temperature-humidity detecting device monitoring humidity within stacking and temperature, stacking controlled all the time under conditions of suitably becoming thoroughly decomposed,
Ensure the efficiency become thoroughly decomposed.
Above-described embodiment is optimized for also including in the composite interstitial substance of every cubic metre being added with the vegetable punching fertilising of 3 kilograms, institute
State vegetable punching fertilising comprise the whole nutrition required for vegetable growth, including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B,
The amount a large amount of, middle such as Mo, Si, Se, C, H, O and trace element 17 kinds, 20 (N)-10 (P2O5)-23 (K2O) >=53%, total nutrient >=
60%, utilize each material to supplement the nutritional labeling and trace element lacked in composite interstitial substance, increase plantation plant cold-resistant,
Drought resisting, the anti-adversity such as disease-resistant, resistant to lodging, prolong storage period.
In above-mentioned preparation method, reflex reflector is set in buttress north side, the support including base, be located on base and setting
Illuminator on support, the junction of support and base is provided with and motor-driven is horizontally rotated assembly by first, support sets
Have install illuminator by the second motor-driven vertical tilt component, illuminator top is provided with photoelectric sensor, and base is provided with
Control device, control amplifying circuit, single-chip microcomputer and motor-drive circuit that device includes being connected with photoelectric sensor.Utilize reflective
Sunlight is reflexed to buttress north side by device, makes north side also can receive sunlight, utilizes photoelectric sensor to realize reflex reflector to sun
The tracking of light, makes the sunlight of irradiation maximize, and improves efficiency of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
As it is shown in figure 1, the Highefficientpulverizer used in above-mentioned preparation method includes: frame 1, housing 2 and be located at frame
On feed arrangement 3, hammering device 4, reducing mechanism 5, aerator 6, wherein
Frame 1 one end is located at by feed arrangement 3, including the helical axis 31 being located in feed arrangement, is located at entering of feed arrangement
The charging aperture 32 of material end, the discharge end of feed arrangement is connected with hammering device；Corn straw enters pulverizer, and warp from charging aperture
The effect of helical axis enters into hammering device；
Hammering device 4 includes the hydraulic pump 41 being installed on the top board of housing and the hammer body being located on the take-off lever of hydraulic pump
42, hammer body 42 is located at the lower section of hydraulic pump 41, and the other end of hammering device 4 is connected with air channel 7；Corn straw is in hammering device
By impacting, be compacted and crush, breaking down into little fringe, little fringe sinks to bottom, and by being squeezed into the air channel on side；
The sidewall of hammering device 4 is arranged over aerator 6 feed arrangement, and aerator 6 is by air intake passage 61 and hammer
Hit device 4 to connect；Aerator is dried in hammering device, and little fringe enters into and through air channel under wind-force effect, by regulation
The size of the fringe that the size scalable of wind-force is blown afloat, thus control the size of discharging；
Being provided with the first baffle plate 71 and second baffle 72 in air channel 7, wherein the first baffle plate 71 is near hammering device 4, first gear
Plate 71 is connected to the housing above air channel 7, the lower end of the first baffle plate 71 and housing interval, second baffle 72 near reducing mechanism 5,
Second baffle 72 is connected between the housing above and below air channel 7, and second baffle 72 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal opening；Fringe exists
From longitudinal opening, reducing mechanism is entered under wind-force effect；It is additionally provided with discharge port bottom air channel, will pulverize during equipment emergent stopping
Straw in machine draws off at discharge port, convenient inspection or maintenance etc.；
Air channel 7 other end is connected with reducing mechanism 5, and reducing mechanism includes rotating shaft 51 and two swivel knife being located in rotating shaft
52, as in figure 2 it is shown, swivel knife 52 includes blade A1 and knife rest A2, knife rest A2 is " V "-shaped, and blade A1 is separately mounted to knife rest
Both sides, the blade installation direction of two swivel knife is contrary and direction of rotation contrary, and when i.e. two swivel knife reversely rotate, blade mutually leans on
Closely form shearing force, the fringe entered from longitudinal opening is cut into fragment；
The sidewall of reducing mechanism 5 is arranged over discharging opening 53, the drive of the rotated cutter of fragment after chopping and wind-force
Effect flies out from discharging opening, can be controlled the size of discharging by regulation wind-force size.
As shown in Fig. 3,4,5,6, rotating shaft 51 includes: the first rotating shaft B1, the second rotating shaft B2, drivewheel B3, the first transmission group
Part B4, the second transmission component B5, driven pulley B6 and the first housing B7 and the second housing B8；
First rotating shaft B1 is connected between the first housing B7 and the second housing B8；
Second rotating shaft B2 hollow, is located at the first rotating shaft B1 and the junction of the second housing B8, and is enclosed within the first rotating shaft B1's
Outside, two swivel knife are socketed in the first rotating shaft and the outside of the second rotating shaft respectively；
Drivewheel B3 be socketed in outside the first rotating shaft B1 with the first rotating shaft B1 synchronous rotary；
Driven pulley B6 be socketed in outside the second rotating shaft B2 with the second rotating shaft B2 synchronous rotary；
First transmission component B4 includes: three the first drive shaft B41 and being socketed in respectively on the first drive shaft B41
Three the first travelling gear B42, drivewheel B3 are positioned at the center of the triangle that three the first travelling gear B42 are formed and with first
Travelling gear B42 engages respectively, and the width that drivewheel B3 width is less than the first travelling gear B42, and the first travelling gear B42 exists
Width is divided into external toothing portion and internal messing portion, drivewheel B3 and the first travelling gear B42 outside the first travelling gear B42
Engaging piece engages；
Second transmission component B5 includes: three the second drive shaft B51 and being socketed in respectively on the second drive shaft B51
Three the second travelling gear B52, driven pulley B6 are positioned at the center of the triangle that three the second travelling gear B52 are formed and with second
Travelling gear B52 engages respectively, and the width that driven pulley B6 width is less than the second travelling gear B52, and the second travelling gear B52 exists
Width is divided into external toothing portion and internal messing portion, driven pulley B6 and the second travelling gear B52 outside the second travelling gear B52
Engaging piece engages；
Second travelling gear B52 is engaged in the outside of adjacent two first travelling gear B42, and the second travelling gear respectively
The internal messing portion of B52 engages with the internal messing portion of the first travelling gear B42；
When so drivewheel turns clockwise, driven pulley rotates counterclockwise, and drivewheel and driven pulley are positioned at same axis
On, drive two swivel knife to rotate in opposite directions, by straw chopping on an axis.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of corn straw composite interstitial substance includes: pulverizes, utilizes Highefficientpulverizer by corn straw smashing granulating
Footpath is the granule of 0.3cm, to facilitate follow-up stacking and to become thoroughly decomposed；Configuration solution, the water of 2.0 times of preparation straw weight, at water
Middle addition accounts for the carbamide of the weight fraction 0.0.8% of straw to regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio；Add solution, pour the solution of configuration into graininess
Corn straw in, the water content making corn straw is 65%, and now corn straw suitably becomes thoroughly decomposed；Stacking, by corn straw heap
Become wide 2 meters, the buttress of high 1.5～1.6 meters, obturage with plastic sheeting；Turning, make-up solution keeps water content, makes corn straw
Blackening, change grain, fiber are softened degraded and i.e. become thoroughly decomposed；Sterilization, add in every cubic metre of corn straw 60 grams of metrifonate, 100 grams
Carbendazim, fully mixes sterilization thoroughly and makes substrate asepticization；Screening particle diameter is the fluvial sand of 0.3cm；60 are added in every cubic metre of river sand
Gram metrifonate, 100 grams of carbendazim, fully mix sterilization thoroughly and make fluvial sand asepticization；By the corn straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed with fluvial sand by volume
Proportions for 8:2 mixes.The devices wherein used etc. are the same described.
Meanwhile, in order to assess stirring of the present invention, pulverizing, automatically controlled, Temperature and Humidity Control, reflex reflector to gained corn stalk
The impact of stalk composite interstitial substance, according to the experiment condition of embodiment 1, respectively only with stirring therein, pulverizing in manufacturing process
Device, or only use automatically controlled, Temperature and Humidity Control, reflex reflector, and corn straw composite interstitial substance prepared by said method
Physicochemical property is analyzed, and is specifically shown in Table 1.
The analysis of physical and chemical property of the corn straw composite interstitial substance of embodiments of the invention 1 is as shown in table 1.
The physicochemical property of table 1 corn straw composite interstitial substance
Table 1 is for corn straw: fluvial sand (volume ratio)=8:2 and the peat composed of rotten mosses of the prior art: Vermiculitum (volume ratio)=
2:1 carries out the contrast of physicochemical property.
As shown in Table 1, the standard of each physicochemical property in preferable substrate is: unit weight 0.1～0.8g/cm3, total porosity 54
～96%, ventilating slit 15～30%, water holding hole 40～75%, size void ratio (WGR) 1:1.5～4.0, pH 5.8
～7.0, EC 0.75～3.50ms/cm.
And using volume ratio is corn straw: the composite interstitial substance of fluvial sand=8:2, its each physicochemical property is unit weight 0.41g/
Cm3, total porosity 75.50%, ventilating slit 25.17%, water holding hole 50.33%, size void ratio (WGR) 1:2.00,
PH6.37, EC2.51ms/cm.It follows that the composite interstitial substance physicochemical property of the present invention all preferable substrate critical field it
In.
In the preparation process of corn straw substrate, and it is provided without Highefficientpulverizer of the present invention and pulverizes；And
High-efficient Stirrer is stirred；Or and in being provided without plastic sheeting of the present invention, it is provided with electric control gear, humiture inspection
Survey device and during reflex reflector, although the composite interstitial substance physicochemical property of the present invention all within the critical field of preferable substrate,
But all it is not so good as to use every physicochemical property during said apparatus superior.
And using volume ratio is the peat composed of rotten mosses: the composite interstitial substance of Vermiculitum=2:1, its each physicochemical property is unit weight 0.34g/cm3, always
Porosity 54.36%, ventilating slit 22.91%, water holding hole 31.45%, size void ratio (WGR) 1:1.37,
PH5.65, EC1.29ms/cm.It follows that the composite interstitial substance that the method makes, its water holding space, size void ratio (aqueous vapor
Than), pH, within these several physicochemical properties are all not included in the critical field of preferable substrate.
Thus, according to the data of the physicochemical property that table 1 is drawn, volume ratio is corn straw: the composite base of fluvial sand=8:2
The long-pending ratio of matter than bulk is for the peat composed of rotten mosses: the composite interstitial substance of Vermiculitum=2:1 is more suitable for the substrate of cultivation technique without soil and selects.Meanwhile, pass through
Control the stirring of raw material, crushing process, and in conditions such as stacking procedure middle controller temperature humidity and illumination uniformities,
The substrate being more preferably adapted to cultivation technique without soil can be obtained.
Embodiment 2
Below by thick, the strain from the overground part fresh weight of tomato seedling, underground part fresh weight, overground part dry weight, underground part dry weight, stem
These aspects of height, seedling vigorous index, chlorophyll content, improving activity of root system contrast.
Utilize tomato planting that the composite interstitial substance of the present invention is verified, through experiment, the corn straw composite base of the present invention
The impact of confrontation Growth of Tomato Seedling such as table 2 shows.
The impact on Growth of Tomato Seedling of the table 2 corn straw composite interstitial substance
As shown in Table 2, corn straw is worked as: the composite interstitial substance of fluvial sand (volume ratio)=8:2 and the peat composed of rotten mosses: Vermiculitum (volume ratio)=
The impact of Growth of Tomato Seedling is compared by the composite interstitial substance of 2:1, and overground part fresh weight, bottom fresh weight, overground part dry weight, underground part are dry
The aspects such as weight, stem are thick, plant height, seedling vigorous index, chlorophyll content, improving activity of root system, corn straw: fluvial sand (volume ratio)=8:2's
Composite interstitial substance is all higher than the peat composed of rotten mosses: the composite interstitial substance of Vermiculitum (volume ratio)=2:1；
It follows that when corn straw: during fluvial sand (volume ratio)=8:2, compare the peat composed of rotten mosses: Vermiculitum (volume ratio)=2:1, right
The impact of Growth of Tomato Seedling has significant advantage.
Embodiment 3
The corn straw composite interstitial substance of the present invention uses corn straw and fluvial sand, its mixed volume than preferably 8:2,
Below by different volume ratio corn straw mixed from fluvial sand by different embodiments and the peat composed of rotten mosses: Vermiculitum (volume ratio)=
2:1 contrasts, specifically, by by the impact of Growth of Tomato Seedling is judged optimum corn straw and fluvial sand
Proportioning.
In the comparative example of the present invention, corn straw is shown in Table 3 with the different proportion of river sand to the impact of physicochemical property.
The physicochemical property of table 3 comparative example
With reference to accompanying drawing 7 or Fig. 8, and combine table 3 result and understand, work as corn straw: the composite base of fluvial sand (volume ratio)=8:2
Matter and the peat composed of rotten mosses: the composite interstitial substance of Vermiculitum (volume ratio)=2:1 compared with the impact of Growth of Tomato Seedling, overground part fresh weight, bottom
The aspects such as fresh weight, overground part dry weight, underground part dry weight, stem are thick, plant height, seedling vigorous index, chlorophyll content, improving activity of root system, Semen Maydis
Straw: the composite interstitial substance of fluvial sand (volume ratio)=8:2 is higher than the peat composed of rotten mosses: the composite interstitial substance of Vermiculitum (volume ratio)=2:1 and jade
Rice straw: the composite interstitial substance of fluvial sand (volume ratio)=9:1 or 7:3 or 6:4.
In sum, in all embodiments and comparative example, corn straw: fluvial sand (volume ratio)=8:2, is optimum proportioning,
It is significantly better than the impact on Growth of Tomato Seedling in the case of other proportionings.
The illustration of embodiment simply invention, should not describe with the exemplary embodiments of description and accompanying drawing and limit patent right
Protection domain.
Above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the disclosure and embodiment are explained in detail, but the present invention
It is not limited to the above-described embodiment and examples, in the ken that those skilled in the art are possessed, it is also possible to do not taking off
On the premise of present inventive concept, various changes can be made.
Claims (14)
1. a corn straw composite interstitial substance, including corn straw 8 parts by volume of becoming thoroughly decomposed, river sand 2 parts by volume, it is characterised in that unit weight
0.41g/cm3, total porosity 75.50%, ventilating slit 25.17%, water holding hole 50.33%, size void ratio (WGR)
1:2.0, pH6.37, EC 2.51ms/cm, organic principle 80%.
2. the preparation method of a corn straw composite interstitial substance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Screening particle diameter is the fluvial sand of 0.1～0.5cm；
In every cubic metre of river sand, add 60 grams of metrifonate, 100 grams of carbendazim or 200 grams of Bravos, fully mix sterilization thoroughly and make river
Sand asepticization；
By becoming thoroughly decomposed, corn straw and the fluvial sand proportions by volume for 8:2 is uniformly mixed.
Preparation method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described in become thoroughly decomposed corn straw use following method system
Standby: to include:
Pulverize, the granule that corn straw smashing becomes particle diameter be 0.1～0.5cm；
Configuration solution, prepares the water of 1.8～2.0 times of straw weight, add in water account for straw weight fraction 0.5～
The carbamide of 0.8% is to regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio；
Stirring, pours into the solution of configuration in granular corn straw, and the water content making corn straw is 65%；
Stacking, piles wide 2 meters, the buttress of high 1.5～1.6 meters by corn straw, and length does not limits, and obturages with plastic sheeting；
Turning, after temperature reaches 50 DEG C, once, once, make-up solution keeps aqueous in winter 8～12 days turning in turning in 7 days summers
Amount, makes corn straw blackening, change grain, fiber be softened degraded and i.e. become thoroughly decomposed through the after date that becomes thoroughly decomposed；
Sterilization, adds 60 grams of metrifonate, 100 grams of carbendazim or 200 grams of Bravos in every cubic metre of corn straw, is sufficiently stirred for
Mix sterilization thoroughly and make substrate asepticization, obtain the corn straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
4. according to the preparation method described in any one of claim 2-3, it is characterised in that becoming thoroughly decomposed described in described turning step
Phase, summer is 25～35 days, and winter is 60～90 days.
5. according to the preparation method described in any one of claim 2-4, it is characterised in that also include, at the mixture of every cubic metre
The vegetable punching fertilising of middle addition 3 kilograms mix homogeneously.
6. according to the preparation method described in any one of claim 2-5, it is characterised in that pulverising step utilizes Highefficientpulverizer to enter
Row is pulverized；Whipping step utilizes High-efficient Stirrer to be stirred；It is provided with electric control gear in plastic sheeting described in stacking step；
At stacking length direction, a temperature-humidity detecting device is set every 2.5～3 meters；In stacking north side, reflex reflector is set.
Preparation method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that Highefficientpulverizer includes: frame, housing and be located at machine
Feed arrangement on frame, hammering device, reducing mechanism, aerator, wherein,
Frame one end is located at by feed arrangement, including the helical axis being located in feed arrangement, the entering of the feed end being located at feed arrangement
Material mouth, the discharge end of feed arrangement is connected with hammering device；
Hammering device includes the hydraulic pump being installed on the top board of housing and the hammer body being located on the take-off lever of hydraulic pump, and hammer body is located at
The lower section of hydraulic pump；
The sidewall of hammering device is at the aerator that is arranged over of feed arrangement, and aerator is by air intake passage with hammering device even
Connect；
The other end of hammering device is connected with air channel, is provided with the first baffle plate and second baffle in air channel, and wherein the first baffle plate is close
Hammering device, the first baffle plate is connected to the housing above air channel, the lower end of the first baffle plate and housing interval, and second baffle is near powder
Crushing device, second baffle is connected between the housing above and below air channel, and second baffle is provided with a plurality of longitudinal opening；
The air channel other end is connected with reducing mechanism, and reducing mechanism includes rotating shaft and two swivel knife being located in rotating shaft, swivel knife
Including blade and knife rest, knife rest is " V "-shaped, and blade is separately mounted to knife rest both sides, the blade installation direction phase of two swivel knife
Anti-and direction of rotation is contrary；
The sidewall of reducing mechanism is arranged over discharging opening.
Preparation method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that rotating shaft includes:
First rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft, drivewheel, the first transmission component, the second transmission component, driven pulley and the first housing and
Two housings；
First rotating shaft is connected between the first housing and the second housing；
Second rotary shaft hollow, is located at the junction of the first rotating shaft and the second housing, and is enclosed within the outside of the first rotating shaft；
Drivewheel be socketed in outside the first rotating shaft with the first rotating shaft synchronous rotary；
Driven pulley be socketed in outside the second rotating shaft with the second rotating shaft synchronous rotary；
First transmission component includes: three the first drive shafts and three the first transmissions being socketed in respectively on the first drive shaft
Gear, drivewheel is positioned at the center of the triangle that three the first travelling gears are formed and engages respectively with the first travelling gear, and
Drivewheel width is less than the width of the first travelling gear, and the first travelling gear is divided into external toothing portion and internal messing at width
Portion, drivewheel and the first travelling gear engage in the external toothing portion of the first travelling gear；
Second transmission component includes: three the second drive shafts and three the second transmissions being socketed in respectively on the second drive shaft
Gear, driven pulley is positioned at the center of the triangle that three the second travelling gears are formed and engages respectively with the second travelling gear, and
Driven pulley width is less than the width of the second travelling gear, and the second travelling gear is divided into external toothing portion and internal messing at width
Portion, driven pulley and the second travelling gear engage in the external toothing portion of the second travelling gear；
Second travelling gear is engaged in the outside of adjacent two first travelling gears, and the internal messing of the second travelling gear B52 respectively
Portion engages with the internal messing portion of the first travelling gear.
Preparation method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described High-efficient Stirrer includes frame, described frame
Left side inclined upward fixing agitator tank is installed,
The lower end of described fixing agitator tank is socketed with and fixes the rotation agitator tank that agitator tank matches, and inclines in the middle part of described frame
Tiltedly being fixedly connected with the first rotary shaft, the top of described first rotary shaft is provided with and fix that agitator tank matches first turn
Wheel, the right side level of described frame is fixedly connected with the second rotary shaft, and the top of described second rotary shaft is provided with to be stirred with rotation
Mixing the second runner that tank matches, the outside of described agitator tank is provided with heat-insulation layer, and the middle part of described heat-insulation layer is evenly arranged with
A plurality of passage of heat,
The right side upper surface of described frame is installed with the first driving motor, and described first drives the side of motor to connect drives
Moving gear, the lower outside wall of described rotation agitator tank is provided with ring slot, and described driving gear engages with ring slot,
The left side of described frame is provided above boss, and the upper surface of described boss is tiltedly installed with the second driving motor, described
Second drives the top of motor to be connected by rotating shaft shaft coupling, and described second drives motor by the top of shaft coupling with shaft
End connects,
Being provided with rolling bearing in the middle part of the two ends up and down of described fixing agitator tank, the two ends up and down of described fixing agitator tank are passed through
Rolling bearing is provided with shaft, and the surrounding of described shaft is evenly arranged with stirring vane.
Preparation method the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the lower inside of described rotation agitator tank uniformly connects
It is connected to many stirring rod, can be used for straw turning step carries out turning operation to straw, it is ensured that turning is thorough.
11. preparation methoies according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described electric control gear includes
Attemperating unit, can control below 70 DEG C by the temperature within thin film,
Humidity regulation device, can be adjusted the humidity in thin film, it is to avoid the straw within thin film air-dries, and affects straw decomposing
Quality,
Spray equipment, it is electrically connected with described attemperating unit and humidity regulation device, the straw within thin film can be carried out mist
Change and spray operation.
12. preparation methoies according to claim 11, it is characterised in that described spray equipment includes head body,
Described head body includes flow channel entry point section, runner linkage section, mixed aerosol chamber and spray orifice,
Described mixed aerosol chamber is to be arranged on the spherical hollow space within head body；Described flow channel entry point section is arranged on head body
Water inlet end, described flow channel entry point section by runner linkage section integrated with mixed aerosol chamber connect；
Described mixed aerosol chamber is provided with some spray orifices, and described spray orifice connection hybrid chamber is with extraneous.
13. preparation methoies according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described temperature-humidity detecting device includes 3 humitures
Sensor, 1 single-chip microcomputer, wherein 3 Temperature Humidity Sensors be respectively arranged in stacking 0.2～0.5 meter of height, 0.9～1.1 meter high
Degree and, 1.3～1.4 meters of height, Temperature Humidity Sensor is connected with microcontroller communication.
14. preparation methoies according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described reflex reflector, including base, are located at base
On support and the illuminator be located on support, support and the junction of base are provided with and motor-driven are horizontally rotated group by first
Part, support be provided with install illuminator by the second motor-driven vertical tilt component, illuminator top is provided with photoelectric sensing
Device, base is provided with control device, controls amplifying circuit, single-chip microcomputer and motor driving electricity that device includes being connected with photoelectric sensor
Road.
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| CN106718294A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-31 | 朱以强 | A kind of Vegetable culture medium |
| CN107445768A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-08 | 河南省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Special sesame stalk composite interstitial substance of a kind of vegetables and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111418386A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-17 | 北京碧海怡景园林绿化有限公司 | Afforestation's constructed wetland is with pasture and water maintenance system |
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