CN101884279B - Method for promoting mineral nutrition absorption of lawn by using extract of fine refuse composts - Google Patents
Method for promoting mineral nutrition absorption of lawn by using extract of fine refuse composts Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for promoting the mineral nutrition absorption of a lawn by using the extract of fine refuse composts. The method comprises the following steps of: pre-processing refuse composts; crushing the compost having the grain size of 1,700 nm at a rotating speed of 24,000 rpm to prepare refuse fine fertilizers having the different grain sizes of 300nm, 240nm and 100nm; showering the refuse composts having the different grain sizes by using distilled water in a weight part ratio of 15: 1, and collecting leacheate as foliage spraying liquid; spraying the leacheate into a lawn base material which contains 150 grams of soil and 0.5 gram of lawn plant in each pot to ensure the smooth sprouting of seeds and the primary growth of seedlings, spraying the leacheate according to a stressed degree of 55 to 65 percent based on the water-holding capacity of a field after two weeks, and weighing and spraying every one or two days to keep the stressed degree; and continuously performing the experiment for 60 days and then detecting all indexes. Experiment results show that the foliage spraying of the extract of the composts having different grain sizes is favorable for the mineral element absorption of the lawn plants.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field, relate to the reasonable use of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life.Say so more specifically and a kind ofly adopt trickle garbage compost leaching liquor to improve the method that the lawn plant mineral nutrition absorbs.
Background technology
The lawn plays an important role to urban afforestation, environmental protection and the ecological balance.The plantation of turfgrass and maintenance need a large amount of moisture; And the lawn makes that to the wilderness demand of irrigation water the maintenance cost on lawn is high, and this burden of a load-bearing beyond doubt for the poor relatively China of freshwater resources has also limited the development of Lawn Industry.
Generally speaking, the increase of the mineral nutrition of plant helps the water saving of plant, therefore, improves the method for the mineral nutrition of plant, and water saving is had important practice significance.Lawn tradition water saving mode is the economic irrigation volume in seed selection, lawn by drought-resistant variety and the methods such as selection of irrigation method; At present, the lawn water-saving technology has had new development: the introduction of water keeping fertilizer has promoted the water saving ability on lawn to a certain extent.Jiao Jinchuan etc. have studied the influence of potash fertilizer to the perennial ryegrass drought resistance, are evaluation index with germination rate, vane thickness and the root/shoot ratio of ryegrass seed, filter out the potash fertilizer amount of executing of suitable turfgrass growth, improve its drought-resistant ability.Wang Shengyin etc. have studied effect and the mechanism influence of siliceous fertilizer to the kentucky blue grass drought resistance.Xue Bo etc. (2008) have studied the influence to the dove tree drought resistance of seedlings of calcium chloride, salicylic acid and water-loss reducer.At present, producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life has certain report as the research that matrix is used for turf establishment.In addition, the thick compost of undressed domestic waste is used existing report in the drought resisting of lawn, but poor effect does not tackle the problem at its root.From existing research, research for garbage compost in the past focuses mostly in the integral body utilization of thick compost, if extensive like this way prolonged application in the growth of soil or plant, not only can be destroyed the microenvironment of soil, and also be disadvantageous for improving efficiency of resource.If consumer garbage compost is handled the different particle diameter of formation through cracker, thereby remove the too much harmful substance of accumulation in some particle diameter of compost, be left the compost particle that plant growing provides nutrient and improves soil physico-chemical property, treated compost is used for the lawn resisting drought saving water, can bring into play organic matter and the abundant advantage of nutritive element in the specific particle of compost, regulate the physical arrangement of soil, reach the optimization soil physico-chemical property, the effect of improving the soil.Relevant this method does not still have bibliographical information at present both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
This experiment adopts the method for foliage spray compost leaching liquor to study its influence to lawn plant growth under the water stress, experimental result shows: foliage-spray different-grain diameter compost helps the absorption of lawn plant to mineral element, mainly to 4 kinds of trickle compost under the soil drought condition, the regulation and control that turfgrass mineral nutrition under the drought stress is absorbed are sprayed on consumer garbage compost leaching liquor blade face study.For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of method that adopts trickle garbage compost leaching liquor to improve lawn mineral nutrition absorption, mainly comprise:
(1) consumer garbage compost is removed all kinds of foreign material earlier, under 105 ℃ of conditions, dry then, adopt the standard screen in different apertures to sieve, sieve out the compost of 1700nm particle diameter to constant weight; 1700nm particle diameter compost is pulverized down at 24000 rev/mins, prepared the little fertilizer of rubbish of 300nm, 240nm and 100nm different-grain diameter;
(2) be that 15: 1 ratio is carried out drip washing to 300nm, 240nm and 100nm particle diameter compost with the weight fraction ratio with distilled water, each is handled and repeats 3 times, and the leacheate of collecting after the drip washing is as flushing liquor;
(3) pot experiment adopts diameter 7cm, the plastic basin of high 10cm, every basin 150g soil, seeding lawn plant 0.5g/ basin, at the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, the assurance seed can be sprouted and the seedling primary growth smoothly, the 55%-65% degree of coercing by field capacity after fortnight is sprayed, and each sprinkling of weighing to two days later on is to maintain in the scope of coercing; Therapy lasted 60d cuts at root lawn plant then, measures each index.Lawn plant wherein is Festuca Arundinacea or perennial ryegrass; The content of organic matter 22.00% in its compost, unit weight 0.79g.cm
-3, pH value 7.62, porosity 67.98%, saturation moisture content 66.58%, full nitrogen 0.57%, full phosphorus 0.34%, full potassium 1.21%.
The more detailed method of the present invention is as follows:
1 development materials and methods
1.1 experiment material
This experiment is selected from more common perennial Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca-arundinacea L.) experiment material in the north.The method that experiment adopts cup to plant, the cup specification is 250ml.Take from Tianjin Xiao Dian consumer garbage compost treatment plant for the examination garbage compost, earlier by manually picking up foreign material such as all kinds of wood in the garbage compost, plastics, glass, metal, under 105 ℃ of conditions, dry 8h then to constant weight, adopt the standard screen in different apertures to sieve, selecting particle diameter is 60 purpose compost.Its basic physical and chemical is: the content of organic matter 22.00%, unit weight 0.79g.cm
-3, pH value 7.62, porosity 67.98%, saturation moisture content 66.58%, full nitrogen 0.57%, full phosphorus 0.34%, full potassium 1.21%.Take from the dark topsoil of the sample plot 0～20cm of Tianjin Normal University for examination soil.Its soil property is: pH7.44, the content of organic matter 4.68%, full nitrogen 0.21%, available phosphorus 22.03mg.kg
-1, saturation moisture content 0.58ml.g
-1, the soil texture is a loam.
1.2 test trickle compost preparation
This is tested used compost and removes foreign material such as wherein each class wood, plastics, glass, metal earlier, dries to constant weight under 105 ℃ of conditions then, sieves out the compost of 1700nm particle diameter.1700nm particle diameter compost is pulverized down at 24000 rev/mins, and the time is respectively 3min, 6min, 9min, to prepare the compost of different-grain diameter.Gained compost particle diameter after treatment is respectively 300nm, 240nm and 100nm, for the ease of explaining in the literary composition, according to compost particle diameter order from big to small, respectively above-mentioned 3 particle diameter compost are abbreviated as: compost 4, compost 5 and compost 6,1700nm particle diameter compost is (CK) in contrast.Selecting full seed, uniform English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea L.) seed for use is experiment material.
1.3 experimental technique
At first use distilled water compost 4, compost 5 and compost 6 and contrast to be carried out drip washing with 15: 1 ratio, concrete grammar is: 3g different-grain diameter compost is placed the big funnel that is covered with filter paper in advance, with 45g distilled water compost is carried out drip washing, solution in each funnel is not till downward seepage, and each is handled and repeats 3 times.The leacheate of collecting after the drip washing is as spraying reagent.
1.4 cultivate on the lawn
Pot experiment adopts diameter 7cm, the plastic basin of high 10cm, and lawn matrix is every basin 150g soil.Seeding quantity is the 0.5g/ basin, and each is handled and repeats 3 times.Experiment continues 60 days altogether.At the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, and the assurance seed can be sprouted and the seedling primary growth smoothly, quantitatively sprays according to the degree of coercing after fortnight.Field capacity is 55%-65%, and each sprinkling of weighing to two days later on is to maintain in the scope of coercing.The method that employing is dipped replaces foliage-spray, when spraying plant leaf blade is immersed 3 seconds in the large beaker that fills different-grain diameter compost leacheate, takes out then.Therapy lasted 60d measures each index then.
1.5 environmental condition
Plant is at the experiment indoor cultivation, be placed on window by the laboratory sunny side before, every day plant to receive the time of illumination be 7-8h.Average indoor temperature is 18 ℃, and average maximum is 21.4 ℃, and minimum temperature is 14.6 ℃.Medial humidity is 36.2%, and average maximal humidity is 42.4%, and average minimum humidity is 32.7%.Average light quantum density is 600-800umol.m
-2.s
-1
1.6 index determining
Accurate weighing sample, every part of each 0.1g adopts HNO
3Wet method also digests with the quick digestion system WX-4000 of microwave.Earlier sample is put into standard can, add 3mL HNO
3, add 4mL HNO in the control jar
3, to adjust and to clear up condition, first step pressure is 15atm, temperature is 150 ℃, time 4min, the second step pressure is 18atm, temperature is 180 ℃, time 4min, last digestive juice is with 1% HNO
3Dissolving, constant volume adopt the wherein content of Cd, Cr, Pb of TAS-990 atomic absorption spectrophotometer in the volumetric flask of 25mL.Compost background value measuring method is with the sample measuring method.
1.6 data are handled
Data analysis adopts EXCEL and SPSS12.0 analysis software to handle.
2 development results analyses
2.1 influence to the manganese absorption
The different-grain diameter compost helps the absorption of lawn plant to manganese, and the manganese element that the Festuca Arundinacea cauline leaf partly accumulates surpasses root, and perennial ryegrass then is that the root accumulation is higher than cauline leaf part (Fig. 1).Festuca Arundinacea obviously promotes the absorption to manganese element when spraying compost 4, cauline leaf part content surpasses contrast 21.6%, and root content surpasses contrast 47.7%, all produces notable difference (P＜0.05) with contrast.And when spraying compost 6, perennial ryegrass is best to the assimilation effect of manganese, and the content of manganese in the rye cursive script reaches the highest, and the content of cauline leaf and root is higher than contrast 13.3% and 9.5% respectively.
2.2 influence to the potassium absorption
No matter be Festuca Arundinacea or perennial ryegrass, the cauline leaf part significantly surpasses root (Fig. 2) to the accumulation of potassium.Festuca Arundinacea is when spraying compost 5, and potassium content is the highest in the body, and cauline leaf partly is up to 38.89mg.g
-1, the high-load of root is 33.27mg.g
-1, surpassing contrast 23.3% and 1.81% respectively, cauline leaf and root all do not reach significantly (P＞0.05).For perennial ryegrass, effect is best when spraying compost 5, and potassium content is all the highest at the content of cauline leaf part and root, and comparison shines high 16.1% and 8.07% respectively, but all for reaching significance level (P＞0.05).
2.3 influence to the magnesium absorption
Magnesium is to form chlorophyllous important element, and Bu Fen content is apparently higher than the content of under ground portion on the ground.This experiment has also proved this point, and content of magnesium is apparently higher than the content (see figure 3) of root in Festuca Arundinacea and the perennial ryegrass cauline leaf.Festuca Arundinacea is when spraying compost 5, and content of magnesium is the highest, and cauline leaf and root are compared respectively according to high 20.1% and 60%, all produces notable difference (P＜0.05) with contrast.Content of magnesium effect when spraying compost 4 is best in the rye cursive script, and cauline leaf and root are compared respectively according to high 11.1% and 69.5%.
2.4 influence to the zinc absorption
The content of zinc mainly concentrates on root, cauline leaf part less (Fig. 4) in the lawn plant body.Zinc content is best to spray compost 5 effects in the Festuca Arundinacea body, and content exceeds contrast 85.7% in the cauline leaf, and root exceeds 17.4%.Perennial ryegrass content when spraying compost 6 is the highest, and content exceeds contrast 95% in the cauline leaf, and content surpasses contrast 22.7% in the root system, and the content in cauline leaf reaches significance level (P＜0.05).2.5 influence to calcium absorption
The content of calcium in Festuca Arundinacea cauline leaf effect when spraying compost 5 is best, takes second place when spraying compost 4, compares difference not obvious (P＞0.05) with contrast, but respectively comparison according to high 7.2% and 4.1% (see figure 5).The highest at the heavy content of root content when spraying compost 5, comparison is according to exceeding 2.6%.Calcium content is best to spray compost 4 effects in perennial ryegrass cauline leaf and the root, and comparison is according to exceeding 3.6% and 20.3% respectively, and compares the root absorption with contrast and reach significance level (P＞0.05).
2.6 influence to the copper absorption
The content of copper mainly concentrates on root, cauline leaf part less (Fig. 6) in the lawn plant body.Copper content is the highest when spraying compost 4 in the Festuca Arundinacea body, and cauline leaf content exceeds contrast 33.3%, and significant difference (P＜0.05) compared with the control, and root exceeds 14.5%.Cauline leaf content when spraying compost 6 is the highest in the perennial ryegrass, exceeds contrast 24.2%, root then when spraying compost 4 content the highest, comparison is according to exceeding 11.5%, and with contrast facial difference significantly (P＜0.05).
4 development conclusions
Foliar application also is a kind of approach for the plant fertilising, and this part result of study shows that the blade face applies cerium equally also can reach the result who promotes the lawn plant growth.Experimental study the influence that the mineral element of lawn plant Festuca Arundinacea and perennial ryegrass is absorbed of foliage-spray different-grain diameter compost.The result shows: can promote the absorption of Festuca Arundinacea to macroelement when spraying compost 5, spray this particle diameter compost, the content of the calcium of Festuca Arundinacea acrial part and under ground portion, potassium, magnesium is the highest, macroelement then is that content is the highest when spraying compost compost 4 and compost 5 at perennial ryegrass acrial part and under ground portion content, all produces notable difference with contrast.Festuca Arundinacea cauline leaf part all is that content is the highest when spraying compost 6 with the content of perennial ryegrass cauline leaf part copper; The distribution of zinc in the lawn plant body be under ground portion apparently higher than acrial part, zinc content is best to spray compost 5 effects in the Festuca Arundinacea body, content exceeds contrast 85.7% in the cauline leaf, root exceeds 17.4%.Perennial ryegrass content when spraying compost 6 is the highest, and content exceeds contrast 95% in the cauline leaf.Copper content is the highest when spraying compost 4 in the Festuca Arundinacea body, and cauline leaf content exceeds contrast 33.3%, and root exceeds 14.5%.Cauline leaf content when spraying compost 6 is the highest in the perennial ryegrass, exceeds contrast 24.2%, root then when spraying compost 4 content the highest, comparison is according to exceeding 11.5%.Execute the different-grain diameter compost to the absorbing rule of lawn plant manganese and absorbing rule basically identical to copper.In a word, foliage-spray different-grain diameter compost helps the absorption of lawn plant to mineral element.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the influence that lawn plant absorbs manganese under the different-grain diameter compost treatment;
The influence that potassium is absorbed is planted on the lawn under Fig. 2 different-grain diameter compost treatment;
The influence that lawn plant absorbs magnesium under Fig. 3 different-grain diameter compost treatment;
The influence that lawn plant absorbs zinc under Fig. 4 different-grain diameter compost treatment;
The ectocrine to calcium absorption is planted on the lawn under Fig. 5 different-grain diameter compost treatment;
The influence that lawn plant absorbs copper under Fig. 6 different-grain diameter compost treatment.
Embodiment:
For simple and purpose clearly, hereinafter appropriate omission the description of known technology, in order to avoid those unnecessary details influences are to the description of the technical program.The present invention is described further below in conjunction with example.
(1) removes foreign material such as wherein each class wood, plastics, glass, metal earlier, under 105 ℃ of conditions, dry then, sieve out the compost of 1700nm particle diameter to constant weight.1700nm particle diameter compost is pulverized down at 24000 rev/mins, and the time is respectively 3min, 6min, 9min, to prepare the compost of different-grain diameter.Gained compost particle diameter after treatment is respectively 300nm, 240nm and 100nm, for the ease of explaining in the literary composition, according to compost particle diameter order from big to small, respectively above-mentioned 3 particle diameter compost are abbreviated as: compost 4, compost 5 and compost 6,1700nm particle diameter compost is (CK) in contrast.Selecting full seed, uniform English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Festuca Arundinacea (Festucaarundinacea L.) seed for use is experiment material.The content of organic matter 22.00% in the compost wherein, unit weight 0.79g.cm
-3, pH value 7.62, porosity 67.98%, saturation moisture content 66.58%, full nitrogen 0.57%, full phosphorus 0.34%, full potassium 1.21%.
(2) be that 15: 1 ratio is carried out drip washing to 300nm, 240nm and 100nm particle diameter compost with the weight fraction ratio with distilled water, each is handled and repeats 3 times, and the leacheate of collecting after the drip washing is as flushing liquor;
(3) adopt diameter 7cm, the plastic basin of high 10cm, by lawn matrix is every basin 150g soil (loam), seeding lawn plant perennial ryegrass 0.5g/ basin, at the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, the assurance seed can be sprouted and the seedling primary growth smoothly, carry out compost 6 by 55% degree of coercing of field capacity after fortnight and spray, each was weighed to two days and sprays compost 6 later on, to maintain in the scope of coercing; Therapy lasted 60d cuts at root the lawn plant perennial ryegrass then, measures each index.Cauline leaf content when spraying compost 6 is the highest in the perennial ryegrass, exceeds contrast 24.2%, root then when spraying compost 4 content the highest, comparison is according to exceeding 11.5%.
Plant is at the experiment indoor cultivation, be placed on window by the laboratory sunny side before, every day plant to receive the time of illumination be 7-8h.Average indoor temperature is 18 ℃, and average maximum is 21.4 ℃, and minimum temperature is 14.6 ℃.Medial humidity is 36.2%, and average maximal humidity is 42.4%, and average minimum humidity is 32.7%.Average light quantum density is 800umol.m
-2.s
-1
Embodiment 2
Other are with example 1.The ratio that with distilled water with the weight fraction ratio is 15: 1 is carried out drip washing to 300nm, 240nm and 100nm particle diameter compost, and each is handled and repeats 3 times, and the leacheate of collecting after the drip washing is as flushing liquor;
(3) adopt diameter 7cm, the plastic basin of high 10cm, by lawn matrix is every basin 150g soil (loam), seeding lawn plant (perennial ryegrass or Festuca Arundinacea) 0.5g/ basin, at the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, the assurance seed can be sprouted and the seedling primary growth smoothly, 55% degree of coercing by field capacity after fortnight is sprayed compost 6, and each was weighed to two days and sprays compost 6 later on, to maintain in the scope of coercing; Therapy lasted 60d cuts at root lawn plant then, measures each index.Perennial ryegrass cauline leaf content when spraying compost 6 is the highest, exceeds contrast 24.2%,
Plant is at the experiment indoor cultivation, be placed on window by the laboratory sunny side before, every day plant to receive the time of illumination be 7-8h.Average indoor temperature is 18 ℃, and average maximum is 21.4 ℃, and minimum temperature is 14.6 ℃.Medial humidity is 36.2%, and average maximal humidity is 42.4%, and average minimum humidity is 32.7%.Average light quantum density is 600umol.m
-2.s
-1
Embodiment 3
Other are with example 1.The ratio that with distilled water with the weight fraction ratio is 15: 1 is carried out drip washing to 300nm, 240nm and 100nm particle diameter compost, and each is handled and repeats 3 times, and the leacheate of collecting after the drip washing is as flushing liquor;
(3) adopt diameter 7cm, the plastic basin of high 10cm, by lawn matrix is every basin 150g soil (loam), sowing Festuca Arundinacea plant 0.5g/ basin, at the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, the assurance seed can be sprouted and the seedling primary growth smoothly, 55% degree of coercing by field capacity after fortnight is sprayed compost 5, and each was weighed to two days and sprays compost 5 later on, to maintain in the scope of coercing; Therapy lasted 60d cuts at root Festuca Arundinacea then, measures.Can promote the absorption of Festuca Arundinacea to macroelement when spraying compost 5, spray this particle diameter compost, the content of the calcium of Festuca Arundinacea acrial part and under ground portion, potassium, magnesium is the highest.
Plant is at the experiment indoor cultivation, be placed on window by the laboratory sunny side before, every day plant to receive the time of illumination be 7-8h.Average indoor temperature is 18 ℃, and average maximum is 21.4 ℃, and minimum temperature is 14.6 ℃.Medial humidity is 36.2%, and average maximal humidity is 42.4%, and average minimum humidity is 32.7%.Average light quantum density is 800umolm
-2.s
-1
Claims (3)
1. one kind is adopted trickle garbage compost leaching liquor to improve the method that the lawn mineral nutrition absorbs, it is characterized in that,
(1) consumer garbage compost is removed all kinds of foreign material earlier, under 105 ℃ of conditions, dry then, sieve out the compost of 1700nm particle diameter to constant weight; 1700nm particle diameter compost is pulverized down at 24000 rev/mins, prepared the little fertilizer of rubbish of 300nm, 240nm and 100nm different-grain diameter;
(2) be that 15: 1 ratio is carried out drip washing to 300nm, 240nm and 100nm particle diameter compost with the weight fraction ratio with distilled water, each is handled and repeats 3 times, and the leacheate of collecting after the drip washing is as lawn plant foliage spray liquid;
(3) pot experiment adopts diameter 7cm, the plastic basin of high 10cm, every basin 150g soil, seeding lawn plant 0.5g/ basin, at the sowing initial stage, every basin fully waters, the assurance seed can be sprouted and the seedling primary growth smoothly, the 55%-65% degree of coercing by field capacity after fortnight is sprayed, and each sprinkling of weighing to two days later on is to maintain in the scope of coercing; Therapy lasted 60d cuts at root lawn plant then, measures each index.
2. the trickle garbage compost leaching liquor of the described employing of claim 1 improves the method that the lawn mineral nutrition absorbs, and the soil texture wherein is a loam.
3. the trickle garbage compost leaching liquor of the described employing of claim 1 improves the method that the lawn mineral nutrition absorbs, and lawn plant wherein is Festuca Arundinacea or perennial ryegrass.
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| CN101073311A (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2007-11-21 | 天津师范大学 | Method for treating heavy metals in living garbage by using crop stalks and lawn plants |
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