CN106233842A - 一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管及其在盐碱地排盐中的应用 - Google Patents
一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管及其在盐碱地排盐中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,包括暗管、包覆在暗管四周的稻草层和透水层。本发明提供还提供一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管在盐碱地排盐中的应用。本发明所述的暗管拉伸断裂强度为50‑62 MPa;拉伸屈服强度为52‑60 MPa;断裂伸长率为180‑198%。使用本发明的排盐管改良盐碱地后,盐碱地0‑30cm土壤的渗透率为85.0‑92.8%,土壤总缝隙度为43.0‑50.6%,土壤容重为1.30‑1.45 g/cm3;土壤中含盐量控制在0.08‑0.18%,使用本发明的排盐管改良盐碱地后,植物成活率高,抗病能力强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于盐碱地改良技术领域,具体涉及一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管及其在盐碱地排盐中的应用。
背景技术
目前,在我国盐碱地地区,面临淡水资源缺乏,地下水咸化、高地下水位等问题,土壤水盐状况是植物生长的主要影响因素。
盐碱地是盐类集积的一个种类,是指土壤里面所含的盐分影响到作物的正常生长,根据***教科文组织和粮农组织不完全统计,全世界盐碱地的面积为9.5438亿公顷,其中我国为9913万公顷。我国碱土和碱化土壤的形成,大部分与土壤中碳酸盐的累积有关,因而碱化度普遍较高。
随着经济开发的不断深入,生态问题日益突出,特别是沿海地区的土地盐渍化问题更加突出。沿海地区的盐碱地具有盐分高、养分低、比重和容重大、孔隙度和渗透系数小等缺点,极大地制约了沿海地区的生态建设和农业生产。而且在盐碱地地区,淡水资源严重缺乏,灌溉条件十分有限,是影响植物生长的主要因素。因此,要改善盐碱地地区的生态问题,从根本上迫切需要解决的是盐碱地的彻底改良问题。运用暗管排盐技术可以改善盐碱地,然而目前现有的暗管排盐技术仍存在诸多不足,例如:
(1)现有的暗管本体拉伸断裂强度、拉伸屈服强度弱;断裂伸长率较低;
(2)使用现有的排盐管改良盐碱地后,盐碱地0-30cm土壤的渗透率低,土壤总缝隙度小,土壤容重大,不适宜植物生长;
(3)使用现有的排盐管对盐碱地改良1年后,盐碱地0-30cm土壤中含盐量较高,pH值偏高,土壤导电率较高;
(4)使用现有的排盐管改良盐碱地后,植物成活率低,抗病能力较弱。
综上可知,现有技术在实际使用上显然存在不便与缺陷,所以有必要加以改进。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的技术问题,本发明提供一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管及其在盐碱地排盐中的应用,以实现以下发明目的:
(1)本发明所述的暗管拉伸断裂强度为50-62 MPa;拉伸屈服强度为52-60 MPa;断裂伸长率为180-198%;
(2)使用本发明的排盐管改良盐碱地后,盐碱地0-30cm土壤的渗透率为85.0-92.8%,土壤总缝隙度为43.0-50.6%,土壤容重为1.30 -1.45 g/cm3;
(3)使用本发明的排盐管对盐碱地改良1年后,盐碱地0-30cm土壤中含盐量控制在0.08-0.18%,pH值为在7.1-7.7,土壤导电率控制在2.4-3.6 ms/cm;
(4)使用本发明的排盐管改良盐碱地后,植物成活率高,抗病能力强。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:包括暗管、包覆在暗管四周的稻草层和透水层。
以下是对上述技术方案的进一步改进:
所述透水层包括下透水层和上透水层,
所述下透水层由下往上依次铺设:热轧透水无纺布层、草炭土层、砂卵石下层;
所述上透水层由下往上依次铺设:砂卵石上层、鹿沼土层。
所述砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层均由以下成分组成:
砂卵石和麦秸秆;
砂卵石和麦秸秆按照20:2-10的体积比混合;
砂卵石的直径1-2cm,砂卵石的含水率为0.03%;麦秸秆的长度为2-10cm。
所述砂卵石下层的上表面倾斜铺设,砂卵石下层的上表面与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°,将包覆好稻草层的暗管铺设于砂卵石下层的上表面上并且填充铺设砂卵石上层至平行于水平面,所述暗管与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°;
砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层的总厚度为45-60cm。
所述草炭土层厚3-8cm,草炭土层为草炭土,草炭土的粒径为0.5-1cm,草炭土的pH为6.5-6.7。
所述鹿沼土层厚10-20cm,鹿沼土层为鹿沼土,鹿沼土的粒径为0.3-0.6cm,鹿沼土的pH为6.2-6.5。
所述热轧透水无纺布层为热轧透水无纺布且热轧透水无纺布铺设1-3层,热轧透水无纺布的有效成分为聚丙烯;热轧透水无纺布的孔隙率为76-80%;
所述暗管是由以下重量份的原料加工而成:
热可塑性橡胶98-102份、高密度聚乙烯106-110份、聚四氟乙烯8-10份、电气石4.3-4.9份、脂肪酸多元醇酯1.5-2.5份、硼酸锌2.3-3.3份、三氧化二锑4.0-5.0份、液体石蜡0.6-0.8份、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯3.8-4.2份、云母1.4-2.2份、丁基羟基茴香醚3.5-4.1份、环氧树脂2.0-3.0份。
所述暗管为PE波纹管,所述暗管的最大截面直径为管径为75-85mm,暗管的最小截面直径为管径为70-80mm,暗管管壁厚0.2-0.4cm,暗管的最小截面直径对应的管壁上设有圆形透水孔,圆形透水孔的直径为0.3mm。
一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管在盐碱地排盐中的应用,在盐碱地中挖设排盐管沟,排盐管沟深130cm,相邻排盐管沟沟距为2m;集水渠深150cm。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明所述的暗管拉伸断裂强度为50-62 MPa;拉伸屈服强度为52-60 MPa;断裂伸长率为180-198%;
(2)使用本发明的排盐管改良盐碱地后,盐碱地0-30cm土壤的渗透率为85.0-92.8%,土壤总缝隙度为43.0-50.6%,土壤容重为1.30 -1.45 g/cm3;
(3)使用本发明的排盐管对盐碱地改良1年后,盐碱地0-30cm土壤中含盐量控制在0.08-0.18%,pH值为在7.1-7.7,土壤导电率控制在2.4-3.6 ms/cm;
(4)使用本发明的排盐管改良盐碱地后,植物成活率高,抗病能力强。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例说明本发明,但本发明并不仅仅限定于这些实施例。
实施例1 一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管
一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,包括暗管、包覆在暗管四周的稻草层和透水层。
所述暗管是由以下重量份的原料加工而成:
热可塑性橡胶98份、高密度聚乙烯106份、聚四氟乙烯8份、电气石4.3份、脂肪酸多元醇酯1.5份、硼酸锌2.3份、三氧化二锑4.0份、液体石蜡0.6份、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯3.8份、云母1.4份、丁基羟基茴香醚3.5份、环氧树脂2.0份。
所述暗管为PE波纹管,所述暗管的最大截面直径为管径为75mm,暗管的最小截面直径为管径为70mm,暗管管壁厚0.2-0.4cm,暗管的最小截面直径对应的管壁上设有圆形透水孔,圆形透水孔的直径为0.3mm。
所述透水层包括下透水层和上透水层,
所述下透水层由下往上依次铺设:热轧透水无纺布层、草炭土层、砂卵石下层;
所述上透水层由下往上依次铺设:砂卵石上层、鹿沼土层;
所述草炭土层和砂卵石下层之间、砂卵石上层和鹿沼土层之间均铺设有尼龙网层;
所述热轧透水无纺布层为热轧透水无纺布且热轧透水无纺布铺设1层,热轧透水无纺布的有效成分为聚丙烯,热轧透水无纺布克重为25g/m2;热轧透水无纺布的孔隙率为76-80%;
所述草炭土层厚3cm,草炭土层为草炭土,草炭土的粒径为0.5-1cm,草炭土的pH为6.5-6.7;
所述砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层均由以下成分组成:
砂卵石和麦秸秆;
砂卵石和麦秸秆按照20:2的体积比混合;
砂卵石的直径1-2cm,砂卵石的含水率为0.03%;麦秸秆的长度为2-10cm;
所述砂卵石下层的上表面倾斜铺设,砂卵石下层的上表面与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°,将包覆好稻草层的暗管铺设于砂卵石下层的上表面上并且填充铺设砂卵石上层至平行于水平面,所述暗管与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°;
砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层的总厚度为45cm;
所述鹿沼土层厚10cm,鹿沼土层为鹿沼土,鹿沼土的粒径为0.3-0.6cm,鹿沼土的pH为6.2-6.5。
实施例2一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管
一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,包括暗管、包覆在暗管四周的稻草层和透水层。
所述暗管是由以下重量份的原料加工而成:
热可塑性橡胶100份、高密度聚乙烯108份、聚四氟乙烯9份、电气石4.6份、脂肪酸多元醇酯2.0份、硼酸锌2.8份、三氧化二锑4.5份、液体石蜡0.7份、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯4.0份、云母1.8份、丁基羟基茴香醚3.8份、环氧树脂2.5份。
所述暗管为PE波纹管,所述暗管的最大截面直径为管径为80mm,暗管的最小截面直径为管径为75mm,暗管管壁厚0.2-0.4cm,暗管的最小截面直径对应的管壁上设有圆形透水孔,圆形透水孔的直径为0.3mm。
所述透水层包括下透水层和上透水层,
所述下透水层由下往上依次铺设:热轧透水无纺布层、草炭土层、砂卵石下层;
所述上透水层由下往上依次铺设:砂卵石上层、鹿沼土层;
所述草炭土层和砂卵石下层之间、砂卵石上层和鹿沼土层之间均铺设有尼龙网层;
所述热轧透水无纺布层为热轧透水无纺布且热轧透水无纺布铺设2层,热轧透水无纺布的有效成分为聚丙烯,热轧透水无纺布克重为25g/m2;热轧透水无纺布的孔隙率为76-80%;
所述草炭土层厚5cm,草炭土层为草炭土,草炭土的粒径为0.5-1cm,草炭土的pH为6.5-6.7;
所述砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层均由以下成分组成:
砂卵石和麦秸秆;
砂卵石和麦秸秆按照20:6的体积比混合;
砂卵石的直径1-2cm,砂卵石的含水率为0.03%;麦秸秆的长度为2-10cm;
所述砂卵石下层的上表面倾斜铺设,砂卵石下层的上表面与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°,将包覆好稻草层的暗管铺设于砂卵石下层的上表面上并且填充铺设砂卵石上层至平行于水平面,所述暗管与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°;
砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层的总厚度为55cm;
所述鹿沼土层厚15cm,鹿沼土层为鹿沼土,鹿沼土的粒径为0.3-0.6cm,鹿沼土的pH为6.2-6.5。
实施例3一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管
一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,包括暗管、包覆在暗管四周的稻草层和透水层。
所述暗管是由以下重量份的原料加工而成:
热可塑性橡胶102份、高密度聚乙烯110份、聚四氟乙烯10份、电气石4.9份、脂肪酸多元醇酯2.5份、硼酸锌3.3份、三氧化二锑5.0份、液体石蜡0.8份、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯4.2份、云母2.2份、丁基羟基茴香醚4.1份、环氧树脂3.0份。
所述暗管为PE波纹管,所述暗管的最大截面直径为管径为85mm,暗管的最小截面直径为管径为80mm,暗管管壁厚0.2-0.4cm,暗管的最小截面直径对应的管壁上设有圆形透水孔,圆形透水孔的直径为0.3mm。
所述透水层包括下透水层和上透水层,
所述下透水层由下往上依次铺设:热轧透水无纺布层、草炭土层、砂卵石下层;
所述上透水层由下往上依次铺设:砂卵石上层、鹿沼土层;
所述草炭土层和砂卵石下层之间、砂卵石上层和鹿沼土层之间均铺设有尼龙网层;
所述热轧透水无纺布层为热轧透水无纺布且热轧透水无纺布铺设3层,热轧透水无纺布的有效成分为聚丙烯,热轧透水无纺布克重为25g/m2;热轧透水无纺布的孔隙率为76-80%;
所述草炭土层厚8cm,草炭土层为草炭土,草炭土的粒径为0.5-1cm,草炭土的pH为6.5-6.7;
所述砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层均由以下成分组成:
砂卵石和麦秸秆;
砂卵石和麦秸秆按照20:10的体积比混合;
砂卵石的直径1-2cm,砂卵石的含水率为0.03%;麦秸秆的长度为2-10cm;
所述砂卵石下层的上表面倾斜铺设,砂卵石下层的上表面与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°,将包覆好稻草层的暗管铺设于砂卵石下层的上表面上并且填充铺设砂卵石上层至平行于水平面,所述暗管与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°;
砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层的总厚度为60cm;
所述鹿沼土层厚20cm,鹿沼土层为鹿沼土,鹿沼土的粒径为0.3-0.6cm,鹿沼土的pH为6.2-6.5。
检测结果:
表1本发明实施例1- 实施例3,其中,暗管的拉伸断裂强度、拉伸屈服强度、断裂伸长率检测数据
对照:普通暗管的检测数据
由上述试验结果可知,实施例2所述的暗管拉伸断裂强度为50-62 MPa;拉伸屈服强度为52-60 MPa;断裂伸长率为180-198%,由此可知,实施例2是优选实施例。
下述实施例4 - 实施例7是对实施例2所述一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管的优化,即采用实施例2的排盐管,只改变卵石下层和砂卵石上层中砂卵石和麦秸秆的体积比,对砂卵石和麦秸秆的体积比做多因素分析,采用常规方法对盐碱地0-30cm土壤的土壤渗透率、土壤总缝隙度、土壤容重进行测定。
表2多因素分析(实施例4-实施例7)
由表2多因素分析试验可知,实施例5的效果最佳,实施例5是优选实施例,即砂卵石和麦秸秆的体积比为20:6.5。
实施例8一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管在盐碱地排盐中的应用
1、挖设排盐管沟和集水渠
在含盐量为0.45%、碱化度ESP为21%、土壤导电率为6.0ms/cm的盐碱地中挖设排盐管沟,排盐管沟深130cm,相邻排盐管沟沟距为2m;集水渠深150cm,排盐管沟与集水渠垂直挖设。
2、铺设排盐管
在排盐管沟底部铺设3cm敷料层,所述敷料层为PE造粒;
在敷料层上方铺设本发明的排盐管;
排盐管中的暗管出口处与集水渠相连通。
3、回填原土
排盐管铺设完毕后,将原土回填到排盐管沟直至与盐碱地地面水平。
4、改良
使用本发明的排盐管对盐碱地进行改良1年后,种植木麻黄。
本发明所述的暗管设置于第二混合层内,且第一混合层与第二混合层的分界面以暗管的下底面所在的平面为分界面。
结果检测:
(1)使用本发明实施例1和实施例3的排盐管改良盐碱地后,盐碱地0-30cm土壤的渗透率分别达85.0%、86.2%,土壤总缝隙度分别为43.0%、43.5%,土壤容重分别为1.44 g/cm3、1.45 g/cm3,结合表2可知,使用本发明的排盐管改良盐碱地后,盐碱地0-30cm土壤的渗透率为85.0-92.8%,土壤总缝隙度为43.0-50.6%,土壤容重为1.30 -1.45 g/cm3;
(2)使用本发明的排盐管对盐碱地改良1年后,盐碱地0-30cm土壤中含盐量控制在0.08-0.18%,pH值为在7.1-7.7,土壤导电率控制在2.4-3.6 ms/cm,具体指标见表3;
表3盐碱地0-30cm土壤中各项指标测定结果
(3)使用本发明的排盐管改良盐碱地后,植物成活率高,抗病能力强,以木麻黄为例,移栽后的木麻黄成活率达97.0%-99.8%,木麻黄对常见病害:青枯病、丛枝病的抗病率分别达92.1%-96.9%、94%-97.5%,具体指标见表5;
表4木麻黄成活率、常见病害抗病率统计
对照:使用普通排盐管改良盐碱地种植的木麻黄
本发明的的排盐管在盐碱地排盐的应用中还对其他植物进行了试验,试验效果佳,在此并未一一列出。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:包括暗管、包覆在暗管四周的稻草层和透水层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:
所述透水层包括下透水层和上透水层,
所述下透水层由下往上依次铺设:热轧透水无纺布层、草炭土层、砂卵石下层;
所述上透水层由下往上依次铺设:砂卵石上层、鹿沼土层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:
所述砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层均由以下成分组成:
砂卵石和麦秸秆;
砂卵石和麦秸秆按照20:2-10的体积比混合;
砂卵石的直径1-2cm,砂卵石的含水率为0.03%;麦秸秆的长度为2-10cm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:
所述砂卵石下层的上表面倾斜铺设,砂卵石下层的上表面与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°,将包覆好稻草层的暗管铺设于砂卵石下层的上表面上并且填充铺设砂卵石上层至平行于水平面,所述暗管与水平面的夹角为1.5-3.5°;
砂卵石下层和砂卵石上层的总厚度为45-60cm。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:
所述草炭土层厚3-8cm,草炭土层为草炭土,草炭土的粒径为0.5-1cm,草炭土的pH为6.5-6.7。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:
所述鹿沼土层厚10-20cm,鹿沼土层为鹿沼土,鹿沼土的粒径为0.3-0.6cm,鹿沼土的pH为6.2-6.5。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:
所述热轧透水无纺布层为热轧透水无纺布且热轧透水无纺布铺设1-3层,热轧透水无纺布的有效成分为聚丙烯;热轧透水无纺布的孔隙率为76-80%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:
所述暗管是由以下重量份的原料加工而成:
热可塑性橡胶98-102份、高密度聚乙烯106-110份、聚四氟乙烯8-10份、电气石4.3-4.9份、脂肪酸多元醇酯1.5-2.5份、硼酸锌2.3-3.3份、三氧化二锑4.0-5.0份、液体石蜡0.6-0.8份、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯3.8-4.2份、云母1.4-2.2份、丁基羟基茴香醚3.5-4.1份、环氧树脂2.0-3.0份。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管,其特征在于:
所述暗管为PE波纹管,所述暗管的最大截面直径为管径为75-85mm,暗管的最小截面直径为管径为70-80mm,暗管管壁厚0.2-0.4cm,暗管的最小截面直径对应的管壁上设有圆形透水孔,圆形透水孔的直径为0.3mm。
10.一种含高渗透性透水层的排盐管在盐碱地排盐中的应用,其特征在于:
在盐碱地中挖设排盐管沟,排盐管沟深130cm,相邻排盐管沟沟距为2m;集水渠深150cm。
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