CN106226500B - A kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite - Google Patents
A kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN106226500B CN106226500B CN201610817025.XA CN201610817025A CN106226500B CN 106226500 B CN106226500 B CN 106226500B CN 201610817025 A CN201610817025 A CN 201610817025A CN 106226500 B CN106226500 B CN 106226500B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite, mainly include soil saturation experimental provision and soil permeability experimental provision two parts, and connect two parts is transparent pipeline and connecting pipe with double scale, transparent pipeline upper end can connect the gas pressurized device of readable atmospheric pressure value, and whole set composite is by a bottom support bracket support.The present invention is the currently the only simple experimental device that soil saturation experiment and permeability test roll into one, and lucite or stainless steel can be used, the lower cost materials such as rubber are made, the operability of soil sample determination experiment is facilitated on the whole, for the more determination experiment of soil sample group number, human resources are saved, improve the utilization ratio of device and time, by gas pressurized device in addition to for the measure of general soil sample parameter, it is used especially for sticky content higher, soil particle arranges more intensive soil sample parametric measurement, the time of experiment can greatly be shortened, save time cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil test technique field, and in particular to a kind of soil saturation experiment and the compound dress of permeability test
Put.
Background technology
It is required for understanding and grasping soil in many fields such as soil physics attribute, agricultural water conservancy project and hydrogeology
The characteristics of motion of moisture, saturated soil moisture content and soil permeability coefficient are to grasp two basic ginsengs of soil water movement rule
Number.It is not very high soil for sticky content, the bubble native stage tested in soil saturation does not need too high hydraulic pressure bubble soil, only needs
Ensure that the water surface is slightly below cutting ring upper port, general 24 hours or so with regard to that can steep saturation；It is same to survey infiltration in normal pressure or transformation
Also without too big pressure in coefficient experiment.But it is too high for sticky content, soil texture is compact or even has
Hardened soil, the water compared with low pressure is difficult to be steeped saturation, or needs the long period to be steeped saturation, time cost compared with
Height, and in normal pressure or pressure swing permeation experiment, can also cause that current are penetrated slowly compared with low pressure, same time cost is also higher.
Pressurization bubble soil is carried out currently without special device, is directly placed into water until saturation.Permeability test is filled
In terms of putting, the light controlling device or movable light controlling device that liquid level is permeated for measurement soil sample relatively advanced at present, but this kind of dress
Put construction it is more complicated, cost of manufacture is higher, and popularization is relatively low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite, prior art is solved
High cost, the problems such as popularization is poor.A kind of soil saturation another object of the present invention is to provide pressure-adjustable is tested and permeated
Set composite is tested, to increase the experiment range of the device, a greater variety of soil testing experiments are adapted to, its is simple to operate,
It is easy to use.
For situation in background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of soil saturation experiment of pressure-adjustable and the compound dress of permeability test
Put, the device can not only meet the requirement of experiment of the relatively low soil of sticky content, moreover it is possible to meet the reality of the higher soil of sticky content
Requirement is tested, when the sticky content of soil sample is higher, can directly add water increase hydraulic pressure, can profit if pressure is not met by requiring
So be conducive to seepage flow of the current in soil sample so that soil to aerating inside device to increase pressure with gas pressurized device
More hygroscopic or mistake water, reduces experimental period, reduces time cost.And the device is collection soil saturation experiment and permeated
The set composite of experiment, it is rare that this two experiments are combined in into a device at present, and the set composite is more beneficial for
Experimenter does soil saturation experiment and permeability test, for one group of soil sample finish after saturation experiments and then can change place do
Permeability test, and the saturation experiments of another group of soil sample are now can also continue to, not only facilitate experimenter but also saved the time.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite, it is characterised in that：Including soil saturation experimental provision, soil
Earth permeability experimental facility and the transparent pipeline with double scale, the soil saturation experimental provision include the first rectangular duct, first
Cutting ring supporting table and the first cutting ring for filling soil sample, the first rectangular duct bottom passes through the connecting tube with control valve
Road is connected with transparent pipeline bottom, and the osculum of belt controling valve, the first cutting ring support are provided with the connecting pipe low spot
Platform is fixed at the top of the first rectangular duct, and the first cutting ring is placed in the first cutting ring supporting table, described the first cutting ring and corresponding
First cutting ring supporting table is disposed as 3, to meet the principle of three groups of parallel laboratory tests；The soil permeability experimental provision includes the
At the top of two rectangular ducts, the second cutting ring supporting table and the second cutting ring for filling soil sample, second rectangular duct by with
The connecting pipe of control valve is connected with transparent pipeline bottom, and belt controling valve also is provided with the second rectangular duct low spot
Osculum, the second cutting ring supporting table is fixed on the second rectangular duct bottom, and the second cutting ring is placed in the second cutting ring supporting table,
The second described cutting ring and corresponding second cutting ring supporting table are also disposed as 3, to meet the principle of three groups of parallel laboratory tests；Institute
State the osculum that belt controling valve is equipped with connecting pipe and connecting pipe low spot, the first cutting ring supporting table and the second ring
Multiple permeable holes are equipped with knife supporting table.The present invention is with the transparent pipeline with double scale by soil saturation experiment and permeability test
Roll into one, you can it also can be to be directed to two groups of soil samples while do two experiments, when doing two experiments individually to do a certain experiment.
As improvement, at the top of the transparent pipeline provided be attached thereto and readable atmospheric pressure value gas pressurized device, pass through
Gas pressurized device can increase the hydraulic pressure in transparent pipeline, so as to accelerate test process.Increase pressure to steep soil sample so that soil
Sample is easier to absorb water to saturation or is easier to permeate, and reduces the experiment stand-by period.
As improvement, first cutting ring and the first rectangular duct contact position, second cutting ring and the second rectangular duct
Contact position is equipped with sealing device, and the sealing device is sealing rubber ring.Increase water proofing property, prevent that water from not passing through the first ring
Knife or the second cutting ring are just directly missed, and cause experimental error.
As improvement, the soil saturation experimental provision and soil permeability experimental provision can use lucite, stainless steel
Or elastomeric material is made, its is with low cost.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The soil saturation experiment of pressure-adjustable proposed by the present invention and permeability test set composite, it is with strong applicability, making
Upper only to need the materials such as simple glass, cost is relatively low to be popularized, and is set composite, needed for the use of more, and only
Understanding the principle of simple soil saturation experiment and permeability test can be tested, in particular for higher very in sticky content
To there is a little hardened soil, it can cause that soil sample is more hygroscopic by increasing hydraulic pressure or cross water, reduce the experiment stand-by period,
And set composite can use saturation experiments part and permeability test part simultaneously, operation is also relatively simple, an experimenter,
Human resources and time cost are so just saved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the upward view of the second rectangular duct in permeability experimental facility in Fig. 1
In figure：1- gas pressurized devices, 2- soil saturation experimental provisions, 3- soil permeability experimental provisions, 4- transparent pipelines,
5- connecting pipes, 6- bottom support brackets, the gate valves of 2.1- first, the rectangular ducts of 2.2- first, 2.3- the first cutting ring supporting tables, 2.4-
One cutting ring, 2.5- the first watertight rubber circles, the osculums of 2.6- first, the gate valves of 3.1- second, the rectangular ducts of 3.2- second, 3.3-
Two cutting ring supporting tables, the cutting rings of 3.4- second, 3.5- the second watertight rubber circles, the osculums of 3.6- second.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, soil saturation experiment and the permeability test set composite of a kind of pressure-adjustable, mainly including soil saturation
Experimental provision 2 and the two parts of soil permeability experimental provision 3 and the transparent pipeline 4 being connected with two parts, and two parts are connected
Pick up come to be that scale one in transparent pipeline 4 and connecting pipe 5 with double scale, the double scale is used for soil saturation real
Scale two in the head value reading that experiment device 2 needs, double scale is used for the head value reading of soil permeability experimental provision 3, thoroughly
The upper end of open conduit 4 can connect the gas pressurized device 1 of readable atmospheric pressure value, and whole set composite is supported by a bottom support bracket 6.
The part of soil saturation experimental provision 2, is mainly added water in device, for the less soil sample of sticky content
（Soil sample is placed in inside cutting ring）, it is equal or lower slightly with soil sample upper end to add water to water level, and soil sample is by capillary attaction by moisture from soil
Sample bottom is up inhaled, until soil sample total quality amplitude of variation then illustrates that soil sample absorbs water to saturation within error allowed band；
It is higher or even have the soil sample of slight hardened degree for sticky content, then need to make water level be higher than soil sample upper end certain altitude, i.e.,
Pressurization bubble soil, height of water level is controllable, if the duct height of device can not still accelerate the speed of soil sample water suction, can utilize gas
Body pressue device 1 pressurizes at the top of transparent pipeline 4, and pressurization bubble soil can make it that soil sample is easier to absorb moisture from lower end, from
And the time that soil sample reaches saturation is shortened on the original basis.
The soil saturation experimental provision 2 includes the first rectangular duct 2.2, the first cutting ring supporting table 2.3 and the first cutting ring
2.4, the bottom of the first rectangular duct 2.2 is connected by the connecting pipe 5 with the first gate valve 2.1 with the bottom of transparent pipeline 4,
First cutting ring 2.4 is fixed on the top of the first rectangular duct 2.2 by the first cutting ring supporting table 2.3；Shown first cutting ring 2.4 and
One cutting ring supporting table 2.3, which has, be evenly distributed with multiple permeable holes, the first ring in three, each first cutting ring supporting table 2.3
Knife 2.4 mutually agrees with the size of the first cutting ring supporting table 2.3, and the first cutting ring 2.4 that will be equipped with soil sample is put into the support of the first cutting ring
After in platform 2.3, the top of the first rectangular duct 2.2 needs tight with the first watertight rubber circle 2.5 with the part that the first cutting ring 2.4 is contacted
Tightly block, to avoid water from being overflowed from both contact portions, also have first osculum 2.6 at the low spot of the partial devices, when
The first osculum 2.6 is opened when needing to discharge water all to release water, and the concrete structure of device is shown in Figure of description 1.
The part of soil permeability experimental provision 3, is equally to add water in device, adds to suitable water level so that moisture from
Soil sample upper end is down oozed, and measures the speed oozed under current, until when the speed oozed under current tends towards stability, obtaining stable lower infiltration rate
Rate, then can calculate the infiltration coefficient for obtaining soil sample using Darcy's law.But for the tighter soil of sticky larger, soil particle
Sample, if the height of pipeline can not meet its pressure requirements, can connect gas pressurized device 1, increase its pressure, performed during pressurization
Record just may be used.
Soil permeability experimental provision 3 mainly includes the second rectangular duct 3.2, the second cutting ring supporting table 3.3 and the second cutting ring
3.4, the top of the second rectangular duct 3.2 is connected by the connecting pipe 5 with control valve with the bottom of transparent pipeline 4, the
Two cutting rings 3.4 are fixed on the bottom of the second rectangular duct 3.2 by the second cutting ring supporting table 3.3；Shown second cutting ring 3.4 and second
Cutting ring supporting table 3.3, which has, be evenly distributed with multiple permeable holes, the second cutting ring in three, each second cutting ring supporting table 3.3
3.4 and second cutting ring supporting table 3.3 size and the size of cutting ring mutually agree with, the second cutting ring 3.4 that will be equipped with soil sample is put into
After in two cutting ring supporting tables 3.3, the top of the second rectangular duct 3.2 needs to use the second sealing with the part that the second cutting ring 3.4 is contacted
Rubber ring 3.5 is tightly blocked, in order to avoid water overflows from both contact portions, there is the second draining the lower right side of the second rectangular duct 3.2
Hole 3.6, the second osculum 3.6 is opened when needing to discharge water all to release water, and the concrete structure of device is shown in that specification is attached
Fig. 1 and accompanying drawing 2.
The construction of soil saturation experimental provision 2 and soil permeability experimental provision 3 substantially is all much like, distinct to be
The water of saturation experiments is up oozed from the lower end of soil sample, and water is down oozed from soil sample upper end during permeability test, and two parts
Draining hole site it is different.The set composite not only can individually do soil saturation experiment or permeability test, when soil sample group number
When more, the saturation experiments part and permeability test part of device can be utilized simultaneously, and due to being same device, one is only needed substantially
Individual, has so not only saved human resources, also improves the utilization ratio of device and time.
Two parts of the present invention are all designed with three cutting ring supporting tables and are equipped with three cutting rings, mainly three in view of experiment
Group repeats principle.
The present invention can be used in pilot production determine undisturbed soil sample or make the saturated aqueous rate and infiltration coefficient of soil sample by oneself, be
The area research such as agricultural water conservancy and hydrogeology soil characteristic provides underlying parameter；And the present invention is alternatively arranged as instruments used for education,
Because instrumentation is relatively simple, student can be allowed to take action on one's own to determine soil sample parameter, students ' practical ability can be both tempered, also favorably
In understanding of the student to knowwhy.In a word, the present invention is with a wide range of applications and applicability.And the present invention makes material
Material can use lower-cost lucite or stainless steel, rubber etc., and cost is relatively low；In addition, the present invention is currently the only incites somebody to action
The simple experimental device that soil saturation experiment and permeability test roll into one, facilitates the operation of soil sample determination experiment on the whole
Property, for the more determination experiment of soil sample group number, human resources have been saved, the utilization ratio of device and time, and tool has been improved
There is novelty；And pressure-adjustable, in addition to for the measure of general soil sample parameter, can especially be used for that sticky content to be higher, soil
Grain arranges more intensive soil sample parametric measurement, shortens the time of experiment on the basis of original base experimental program, saves
Time cost.
When doing soil saturation experiment using the present invention, the second gate valve 3.1 is closed, the first gate valve 2.1 is opened, it is ensured that first row
Water hole 2.6 is closed, and the first cutting ring 2.4 that will be equipped with soil sample is placed in the first cutting ring supporting table 2.3 and stopped first
Water rubber ring 2.5 is fixed, and then adds water to required water level from the porch of transparent pipeline 4, and the water level is not distinctly claimed, and is
Depending on experimenter is according to soil sample sticky content and the tightness degree of soil particle arrangement, for the general soil sample water level and soil sample
Top is substantially equal, and water level is higher than soil sample top 10-30cm for higher then the adding water of sticky content, if soil sample is glutinous
Grain content is very high and hardened situation occurs, then in addition to adding water to water level and being higher than soil sample top 10-30cm, also needs to connect gas
Pressue device 1 increases the pressure value of certain numerical value, and the increased water level of institute is the head value higher than soil sample bottom, but for being connected to
Increased atmospheric pressure value, should also be converted into head plus quarter by the situation of gas pressurized device 1 in addition to the water level that scale is shown
The scale spent on pipe is just the head value of the bottom higher than soil sample.Add after water, soil sample starts to absorb water from bottom, every one section
Time（General 4 hours）Then the first osculum 2.6 is opened and releases water, the first cutting ring 2.4 is removed（It is interior to carry soil sample）With
Paper handkerchief dries the water on surface, is weighed using balance.Put back in the first cutting ring supporting table 2.3 and fix after having claimed, put first well
Watertight rubber circle 2.5, closes the first osculum 2.6, discharges water to water level before or be forced into from the entrance of transparent pipeline 4 again
Pressure before.Operated more than repeating, until quality of soil sample change is within allowed band, i.e., soil sample has reached saturation state.
When doing soil permeability experiment using the present invention, the first gate valve 2.1 is closed, the second gate valve 3.1 is opened, it is ensured that second row
Water hole 3.6 is closed, and the second cutting ring 3.4 that will be equipped with soil sample is placed in the second cutting ring supporting table 3.3 and by the second watertight rubber circle
3.5 are fixed, and then add water to required water level from the porch of transparent pipeline 4, and the water level is not distinctly claimed, and are experimenters
Depending on the tightness degree arranged according to soil sample sticky content and soil particle, for general soil sample, the water level is higher than soil sample top
15cm, and water level is higher than soil sample top 15-30cm for higher then the adding water of sticky content, if soil sample sticky content is very
The high and hardened situation of appearance, then in addition to adding water to water level and being higher than soil sample top 15-30cm, also need to connect gas pressurized device
The pressure value of 1 increase certain numerical value, the water level added water is to be filled higher than the head value at the top of soil sample, but for being connected to gas pressurized
Put 1 situation, increased atmospheric pressure value should be also converted into head in addition to the water level that scale is shown plus the quarter on graded tube
Degree is just the head value of the bottom higher than soil sample.And the lowest part of scale is the H values in Fig. 1, H values are then corresponding to general soil sample
Water level value 15cm, add after water or increase pressure, water starts down to ooze at the top of the soil sample, due to the second cutting ring supporting table
There is equally distributed permeable hole on 3.3, therefore moisture can ooze out and down flow out, then catch what is oozed out with graduated cylinder below soil sample
Current, at regular intervals（2-4 hour）The current that are connect of measurement graduated cylinder, the water oozed out until the unit interval very close to,
The infiltration coefficient of soil sample is then calculated using Darcy's law, the second osculum 3.6 is opened when finishing experiment and all releases water.
The present invention not only can individually do soil saturation experiment or soil permeability experiment, can also do simultaneously soil saturation experiment and
Soil permeability is tested, but is directed to different soil samples.When making soil saturation experiment and permeability test of set composite simultaneously,
The first gate valve 2.1 and the second gate valve 3.1 are made a call to, some scale is added water to, but is different scale, Ran Houchong for two experiments
The step of earth backing earth saturation experiments, and time interval now must be saturation experiments as permeability test takes, and often
The continuation that added water again again, it is necessary to open the second osculum 3.6 during the soil sample of secondary saturation experiments of weighing, after having weighed is measured, if
Some experiment has reached that requirement can then close one of gate valve to terminate some experiment, and another experiment then accomplishes full always
Untill foot is required.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite, it is characterised in that：Including soil saturation experimental provision, soil
Permeability experimental facility and the transparent pipeline with double scale, the soil saturation experimental provision include the first rectangular duct, the first ring
Knife supporting table and the first cutting ring for filling soil sample, the first rectangular duct bottom passes through the connecting pipe with control valve
It is connected with transparent pipeline bottom, the osculum of belt controling valve, the first cutting ring supporting table is provided with the connecting pipe low spot
It is fixed at the top of the first rectangular duct, the first cutting ring is placed in the first cutting ring supporting table, described the first cutting ring and corresponding the
One cutting ring supporting table is disposed as 3, to meet the principle of three groups of parallel laboratory tests；The soil permeability experimental provision includes second
By with control at the top of rectangular duct, the second cutting ring supporting table and the second cutting ring for filling soil sample, second rectangular duct
The connecting pipe of valve processed is connected with transparent pipeline bottom, and the row of belt controling valve also is provided with the second rectangular duct low spot
Water hole, the second cutting ring supporting table is fixed on the second rectangular duct bottom, and the second cutting ring is placed in the second cutting ring supporting table, institute
The second cutting ring and corresponding second cutting ring supporting table stated also are disposed as 3, to meet the principle of three groups of parallel laboratory tests；It is described
Multiple permeable holes are equipped with first cutting ring supporting table and the second cutting ring supporting table.
2. a kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described transparent
At the top of pipeline provided be attached thereto and readable atmospheric pressure value gas pressurized device, transparent pipe can be increased by gas pressurized device
Hydraulic pressure in road, so as to accelerate test process.
3. a kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described first
Cutting ring and the first rectangular duct contact position, second cutting ring and the second rectangular duct contact position are equipped with sealing device, described
Sealing device is sealing rubber ring.
4. a kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The soil
Saturation experiments device and soil permeability experimental provision can be made of lucite, stainless steel or elastomeric material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610817025.XA CN106226500B (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2016-09-12 | A kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610817025.XA CN106226500B (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2016-09-12 | A kind of soil saturation experiment and permeability test set composite |
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| CN106226500B true CN106226500B (en) | 2017-07-11 |
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| CN108414416A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-08-17 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of more sample infiltration coefficients test and comparison means and method |
| CN109765228B (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-12-01 | 中国农业大学 | Device and method for rapidly determining total solid concentration of liquid dung |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4587054B2 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2010-11-24 | 清水建設株式会社 | Test method for poorly water-permeable soil materials |
| CN204177710U (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-02-25 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司 | A kind of varying head permeability apparatus preventing infiltration cutting ring side seam from leaking |
| CN205404351U (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-07-27 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Reverse osmosis analogue means is concretied to soil sample |
| CN105651677B (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2019-01-01 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of Geotechnical Parameter property analyzer that can measure specific yield and infiltration coefficient simultaneously |
| CN205404577U (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-27 | 石河子大学 | Experimental device for be used for surveing characteristic curve of soil moisture |
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