CN106190911B - A kind of straw decomposing and the farmland processing method for preventing and treating crop in cruciferae clubroot - Google Patents
A kind of straw decomposing and the farmland processing method for preventing and treating crop in cruciferae clubroot Download PDFInfo
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- CN106190911B CN106190911B CN201610581105.XA CN201610581105A CN106190911B CN 106190911 B CN106190911 B CN 106190911B CN 201610581105 A CN201610581105 A CN 201610581105A CN 106190911 B CN106190911 B CN 106190911B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/835—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes
- A01D34/8355—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes for cutting up or crushing remaining standing stalks, e.g. stubble
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D82/00—Crop conditioners, i.e. machines for crushing or bruising stalks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of straw decomposing and the farmland processing methods of prevention and treatment crop in cruciferae clubroot, this method comprises the following steps: when and use mechanized harvest mature in rape, after pulverized stalk is directly entered farmland, directly to using in farmland atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum, amount of application is hundred million bacterium/mus of 5000-20000；The classification naming of the atrophy bacillus is Bacillus atrophaeus BA-7, and China typical culture collection center is preserved on December 21st, 2015, and deposit number is CCTCC NO:M 2015765；The atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum is the microbial inoculum made of after atrophy bacillus BA-7 fermentation.The present invention is not necessarily to carry out pile fermentation to stalk, it can promote the efficient decomposed of stalk, crop in cruciferae (especially rape) clubroot can also be prevented and treated, have the advantages that application method is simple, processing cost is low, environmental nonpollution and have efficiently prevention and treatment clubroot improve crop yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural crop straw processing and biological pesticide technical fields, and in particular to a kind of straw decomposing and prevention and treatment
The farmland processing method of crop in cruciferae clubroot.
Background technique
The output of the annual crop material in China has reached more than 700,000,000 tons, close to the one third of whole world total amount.Currently,
Due to lacking efficient processing method, traditional processing method (such as on-site incineration and directly discarding) is caused to cause pole to environment
Big harm not only wastes farmland organic matter but also combustion zone carrys out atmosphere because agricultural crop straw directly abandons or burning disposal
It pollutes and is prohibited from using.Therefore, efficiently having become china natural resources using stalk and recycling must solve in environmental protection
One of main problem certainly.
In recent years, researcher has been developed for the mode of a variety of processing stalks, and achieve positive effect (" straw
The progress of stalk processing method ", Zhang Wenjie, Chinese animal and veterinary the 7th phase of volume 38 in 2011).But, in biological treatment side
In method, the prior art is usually also using being added decomposing agent and carry out processing method (such as CN 103725631 A and CN of stack retting
105316247 A), this method will occupy a large amount of soils and pollution ambient air, soil and water, environmentally friendly cost are excessively high.
In addition, utilizing anaerobic fermentation method, the requirement to fermentation operation or equipment at present to the decomposed processing of stalk more
It is higher, it is unfavorable for promoting to base user, this is also one of an important factor for limitation High-efficiency straw handles work aspect.
More importantly traditional straw-returning method is easily brought into crop harmful germ (such as rape knee
Bacterium), this makes returning to the field work not promote the promotion of crop yield not only, on the contrary, after also largely accumulating because of pest and disease damage in field
Lead to the big generation of disease and reduces the yield and quality of crop.
In conclusion it is not difficult to find out that, urgently one kind can efficient process stalk but also to prevent and treat crop (especially oily for this field
Dish) disease farmland processing method.
Summary of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of straw decomposing and prevention and treatment crop in cruciferae
The farmland processing method of clubroot, this method comprises the following steps:
Crush stalk in farmland when harvesting, and to using in farmland atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum, amount of application be ()/
Mu；
The classification naming of the atrophy bacillus BA-7 is Bacillus atrophaeus BA-7, in December, 2015
It is preserved within 21st China typical culture collection center (wuchang, wuhan Luo Jia Shan China typical culture collection center (Wuhan
University), postcode: 430072), deposit number is CCTCC NO:M 2015765；
The atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum is the microbial inoculum made of after atrophy bacillus BA-7 fermentation.
The present invention is very outstanding for the control efficiency of crop in cruciferae clubroot, as shown in the embodiment of the invention, will
For strain culturing of the present invention after 24 hours, 1000 times of dilution has the oil of up to 87.2% (5 groups of parallel laboratory test average value)
Dish clubroot control efficiency.
The mechanism for realizing said effect is that bacterial strain of the present invention itself, which has pathogen, inhibits and kill well work
With so that the incidence of rapeseed clubroot is greatly lowered.In addition, bacterial strain of the present invention is for the straw in farmland as shown in experimental example 1
There is good decomposed effect can have at normal temperature after applying strain culturing dilution of the present invention for stalk or other crop wastes
Decomposing straw or other crop wastes are imitated, and the pathogen therein that will hide oneself releases, and passes through pathogen and atrophy gemma
The direct contact of bacillus further realizes comprehensive effect of the bacterial strain of the present invention to pathogen in soil.Meanwhile the stalk after decomposition
Or other crop wastes can also provide more organic matters for the growth of next season crop, promote the healthy growth of crops.
In general, the decomposed fermentation of agricultural crop straw mostly uses anaerobism mode to carry out pile fermentation, it is not only time-consuming and laborious,
And it is easy to pollute surrounding enviroment.Bacterial strain of the present invention can be decomposed to stalk progress under aerobic conditions, without that will gather in
Stalk afterwards carries out centralized collection and carries out stack retting, it is only necessary to spread fertilizer over the fields in farmland zymocyte liquid of the present invention, bacterium solution is allowed to contact agriculture
Crop material can realize the decomposed and its later use to stalk.Meanwhile when applying external source stalk, even if in external source stalk
Band pathogen, according to the above description, it will be understood that the present invention is equally able to achieve good control efficiency.
Therefore, those skilled in the art kill work to the inhibition of pathogen well it can be appreciated that bacterial strain of the present invention not only has
With, while the quick composting to stalk can also be realized under aerobic conditions, so that next season rape is significantly from pathogen
The growth infected again and promote rape.
Under above-mentioned basis, the present invention has studied the method handled using bacterial strain of the present invention farmland, may be implemented
Crop in cruciferae farmland is handled to significantly improve the protection effect of crop.
It is worth noting that also very outstanding for the control efficiency of other Cruciferae clubroots.
Meanwhile it was found by the inventors of the present invention that atrophy bacillus BA-7 of the invention can promote the decomposed of stalk,
After atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum 45 days of the present invention of application, the weight-loss ratio (full name is straw biological amount weight-loss ratio) of stalk can
Reach 61.3%, is significantly higher than the 34.7% of control.
It is worth noting that it is of the invention to straw decomposing when, without controlling temperature, in the crop harvestings season such as rape
It is carried out under the room temperature of section.
The atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum is that atrophy bacillus BA-7 fermentation liquid or atrophy bacillus BA-7 are dry
Dry microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum is that microbial inoculum is lyophilized in atrophy bacillus BA-7.The atrophy bud
Spore bacillus BA-7 is lyophilized bacterial population in microbial inoculum and is not less than 1,000,000,000/gram.
Preferably, in the atrophy bacillus BA-7 fermentation liquid, dense bacterium is 1 × 106~1 × 109cfu/ml。
Stalk in farmland is crushed in harvesting, and when to using in farmland atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum, using
Mechanized harvest crushing straw, and while gathering in crushing or later, to microbial inoculum described in using in farmland；Or using artificial
While harvesting crushing straw or later, to microbial inoculum described in using in farmland.Preferably, stalk in farmland is crushed in harvesting, and
When to using in farmland atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum, crushed using mechanized harvest crushing straw and in harvesting same
When, to microbial inoculum described in using in farmland.
Microbial inoculum can directly be applied in farmland when harvesting crushes stalk in farmland, can promote straw by the present invention
Stalk it is decomposed, without collect stalk then separately seek again place carry out stack retting processing, greatly saved processing cost and can accomplish
No pollution to the environment.
Those skilled in the art are not difficult to know, if when using mechanized harvest crushing straw, it is thus only necessary to mechanically
The equipment that atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum of the present invention is sprayed in installation, and microbial inoculum is uniformly sprayed in farmland, it can realize this
Invention.Therefore, implement the present invention using any machinery, it is within the scope of the present invention.
Preferably, the stalk is rape stalk, and the crop in cruciferae is rape.
In conclusion present contribution to the art is: it provides without carrying out pile fermentation to stalk,
Promote the efficient decomposed of stalk, moreover it is possible to prevent and treat the farmland processing method of crop in cruciferae (especially rape) clubroot.The party
Method is simple with application method, processing cost is low, environmental nonpollution and have efficiently prevention and treatment clubroot improve crop yield it is excellent
Point.
Specific embodiment:
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to which indicated herein is that following embodiment is only used
It is further detailed in the present invention, should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, which is skilled in technique
Some nonessential modifications and adaptations that personnel are made according to foregoing invention content, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
The culture and fermentation of bacterial strain
By atrophy bacillus BA-7 after solid medium culture, picking single colonie is placed in fluid nutrient medium, in
30-32 DEG C of concussion is trained 12 hours, revolving speed 220rpm, as seed liquor；The ingredient of the fluid nutrient medium is by weight percent
Meter include: yeast extract 0.3%, beef extract 0.2%, peptone 0.8%, NaCl 0.3-0.6%, surplus be water, pH=
7.0-7.2；
Step 1) gains are placed in fermentor and carry out fermentation 24 hours, tank temperature is 30 DEG C, and fermentor mixing speed is
250rpm；The ingredient of culture medium in fermentor includes: bean powder 4.5%, peptone 0.12%, glucose by mass percentage
0.6%, starch 2.5%, manganese sulfate 0.1%, ferrous sulfate 0.06%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, calcium carbonate 0.1%, defoaming agent
0.01%, surplus is water, pH=7.0-7.4.
It is fermentation liquid cryo-conservation obtained by the above method is spare or be made dry microbial inoculum (freeze-dried powder).It controls in fermentation liquid
Bacterium it is dense be 1 × 106~1 × 109Cfu/ml, the bacterial population controlled in freeze-dried powder are not less than 1,000,000,000/gram.
Embodiment 1
Farmland: Rapeseed Field；
One discharge of bacteria agent flusher is installed on straw harvesting machine, for microbial inoculum to be sprayed to agriculture while gathering in stalk
Field.
Harvesting crushes stalk in farmland, and to using in farmland atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum, amount of application is 2,000,000,000,000
A bacterium/mu.The microbial inoculum is atrophy bacillus BA-7 fermentation liquid, and bacterial concentration is 1 × 109cfu/ml。
Embodiment 2
The amount of application of bacteria remover is except 500,000,000,000 bacteriums, remaining is consistent with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Except processing (one discharge of bacteria agent flusher of installation) is not improved to original straw harvesting machine, stalk has first been gathered in
Afterwards, it then applies except microbial inoculum, remaining is consistent with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Except do not have to the mechanical harvesting for only manually completing stalk crush and the application of microbial inoculum in addition to, remaining and embodiment 1 one
It causes.
Reference examples
After gathering in crushing straw, without any processing.
Experimental example 1
The detection of stalk weight-loss ratio (after processing 45 days) is carried out to embodiment 1-4 and reference examples, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Experimental example 2
Biocontrol effect experiment
1000 times will be diluted according to culture obtained by above-mentioned " culture and fermentation of bacterium " method, using root method is poured, transplanted
When 100ml is poured to every plant of crop, poured primary, poured again every 14 days primary every 7 days.Note: the dense about 6-8 of the bacterium of undiluted bacterium solution ×
109cfu/ml.Tested crop is rape, Chinese cabbage and broccoli.Each experimental group sets 5 parallel groups, is averaged.
Severity Scaling:
0 grade: without tumour, root system development is normal for root；
1 grade: 1-30% root a little tumour, have small nodositas lump, be mutually not connected to；
2 grades: 31-60% root raw tumour, have big nodositas or spherical lump, be connected with each other；
3 grades: 61-100% root raw tumour, expand and form spindle tumor, big tumor mass extends to hypocotyl,
Plant is short and small, stops growing.
Disease index=[∑ (diseased plant numbers at different levels × opposite value of series)/highest level × investigation total strain number] × 100.
Relative control effect=control the disease index of (control disease index-processing disease index) × 100/.
Experimental result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Note: the disease index of clear water control is 62%.
Experimental example 3
Rape is planted on using embodiment 1-4 and the farmland of reference examples method respectively, after crop maturity, investigates rape
Disease index, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Claims (8)
1. a kind of straw decomposing and the farmland processing method for preventing and treating crop in cruciferae clubroot, which is characterized in that the method
Include the following steps:
After pulverized stalk enters farmland when rape gathers in, directly to using in farmland atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum, application
Amount is hundred million bacterium/mus of 5000-20000；
The atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum is the microbial inoculum made of after atrophy bacillus BA-7 fermentation, the atrophy gemma
Bacillus (Bacillus atroplhaeus) BA-7 is preserved in China typical culture collection center on December 21st, 2015,
Deposit number is CCTCC NO:M 2015765.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum is atrophy gemma bar
Bacterium BA-7 fermentation liquid or the dry microbial inoculum of atrophy bacillus BA-7.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein crushing stalk in farmland in harvesting, and being applied to farmland
When with atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum, using mechanized harvest crushing straw and while gathering in crushing or later,
To microbial inoculum described in using in farmland；Or using while hand harvest's crushing straw or later, to microbial inoculum described in using in farmland.
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, bacterium solution is dense in the atrophy bacillus BA-7 fermentation liquid
Degree is 1 × 106~1 × 109cfu/ml。
5. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum is atrophy bud
Spore bacillus BA-7 dries microbial inoculum.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the atrophy bacillus BA-7 dries bacterial population in microbial inoculum
Not less than 1,000,000,000/gram.
7. according to the method described in claim 3, and being applied to farmland it is characterized in that, crush stalk in farmland in harvesting
When with atrophy bacillus BA-7 microbial inoculum, using mechanized harvest crushing straw and while gathering in crushing, Xiang Nongtian
Apply the microbial inoculum.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein the stalk is rape stalk, the crop in cruciferae
For rape.
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| CN107987838A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-04 | 南京师范大学常州创新发展研究院 | A kind of organic formulations of prevention and control crucifer club root and its application |
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| CN101416641B (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2011-08-17 | 云南农业大学 | Biological preparation capable of preventing and treating cruciferae club root and use thereof |
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