CN106182324A - 一种天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106182324A
CN106182324A CN201610590357.9A CN201610590357A CN106182324A CN 106182324 A CN106182324 A CN 106182324A CN 201610590357 A CN201610590357 A CN 201610590357A CN 106182324 A CN106182324 A CN 106182324A
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夏大庆
孔令根
王平
王安勇
戚明永
王丹
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Zhibang Kitchen Cabinet Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板，由下列重量份的原料制成：木纤维100‑110、脲醛树脂胶粘剂10‑11、纳米镍10‑11、无水乙醇适量、5‑8mm短切碳纤维33‑35、丙酮1.7‑1.9、异氰酸树脂胶黏剂3.3‑3.5、氯化铵5.6‑5.9、纳米二氧化钛2.5‑3、天青石粉3‑4、400‑500 目绒毛粉0.5‑0.7、固含量为10‑15% 的氧化锆溶胶1.2‑1.6。本发明通过用绒毛粉、氧化锆溶胶对天青石粉进行改性，在天青石粉表面粘附了绒毛，提高了天青石粉与木纤维的粘结强度，提高板材的强度；中间层形成了氧化锆粉，提高了板材的耐热性。

Description

一种天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维板技术领域，尤其涉及一种天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着材料科学的高速发展,功能型复合材料越来越受到各国学者的关注。其中,具有高性能、高附加值的木质复合材料逐渐成为了这一领域的研究热点。为满足人们对木质材料的多方面性能要求,碳纤维木质复合材料应运而生。复合材料的最显著特点是其微观结构的可设计性,材料的微观结构将决定其宏观性能。但由于板材在加工过程中因碳纤维质轻、表面光滑而难以与木质纤维及胶混合均匀且碳纤维导电具有方向性。因而容易造成板材局部电阻高,不同区域间导电效果差异大,整体力学性能不稳定等问题。如何通过科学手段将板材的微观结构与宏观性能有机地结合起来,从而改进板材的制造工艺,提高原料混合的均匀化程度成为亟待解决的问题。《碳纤维木质复合材料SEM图像分割与性能微观表征研究》首先通过板材热压工艺完成碳纤维木质复合板材的制备,并对样板板材的宏观性能进行测试,包括导电性能(表面电阻率)、力学性能(密度、内结合强度、静曲强度、弹性模量及吸水膨胀率)、电磁屏蔽性能,对测试数据进行分析,把握不同制备工艺条件下短切碳纤维木质复合材料特性变化规律,研究复合材料微观均匀化程度对宏观性能的影响特征；然后结合最大方差法与数学形态学的图像处理技术对样板电子显微图像进行处理,从图像中准确完整的获取碳纤维图像,以其作为碳纤维在复合板材中均匀程度的重要依据；最后对提取出的碳纤维图像进行能够表征碳纤维均匀化的特征提取,所选取的特征量为面积比、平均宽度和长宽比等,目的是将板材的微观结构特征与宏观物理性能相结合,并以此作为分析样板实际应用价值与改善制造工艺的重要依据。
通过该文的研究,碳纤维的加入量为木纤维质量的20%时，复合材料的内结合强度为0.88MPa、静曲强度36.8MPa、弹性模量达到5447MPa，各项指标强于普通中密度纤维板，随着碳纤维的添加量继续增大，各项性能下降。碳纤维的加入量为木纤维质量的20%时，没有达到30dBm，不具有有效的电磁屏蔽效能。要想使得纤维板同时具有更好的力学性能和电磁屏蔽效能，需要对材料进行改性。而且随着生活水平的提高，纤维板的阻燃性、耐水性、强度、防辐射性、保温隔热性、抗弯折性等性能也需要改进和提高。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板，由下列重量份的原料制成：木纤维100-110、脲醛树脂胶粘剂10-11、纳米镍10-11、无水乙醇适量、5-8mm短切碳纤维33-35、丙酮1.7-1.9、异氰酸树脂胶黏剂3.3-3.5、氯化铵5.6-5.9、纳米二氧化钛2.5-3、天青石粉3-4、400-500 目绒毛粉0.5-0.7、固含量为10-15% 的氧化锆溶胶1.2-1.6。
所述天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将纳米镍加入无水乙醇中，配制成4-4.3wt%的分散液，将木纤维在热压机内，在70-75℃下压缩，压缩率为30-35%，立即放入纳米镍的分散液中，浸泡120-140分钟，取出，在60-65℃下干燥至含水率为12-15%，得到改性木纤维；
（2）将天青石粉、固含量为10-15% 的氧化锆溶胶混合均匀，再加入400-500 目绒毛粉混合均匀，得到改性天青石粉；
（3）将丙酮与异氰酸树脂胶黏剂混合均匀，加入改性纳米镍、纳米WS2加入无，混合均匀，再与碳纤维混合，得到改性碳纤维；
（4）将其他剩余成分混合均匀，与改性天青石粉、改性木纤维、改性碳纤维混合均匀，进行铺装，在170-175℃下进行热压20-25s/mm，即得。
本发明的优点是：本发明使用纳米镍分散液对木纤维进行浸渍，使得纳米镍进入木纤维的孔隙，提高了纤维的密度、硬度、静曲强度和弹性模量，还提高了木纤维的防腐蚀性；同时与碳纤维配合，使得电磁波形成多次反射，提高了电磁屏蔽效能，解决了碳纤维容易造成板材局部电阻高,不同区域间导电效果差异大,整体力学性能不稳定问题；通过在胶黏剂中加入纳米二氧化钛，能够减缓纳米镍的氧化，保持持久的电磁屏蔽性，还提高了板材的抗老化性。通过用绒毛粉、氧化锆溶胶对天青石粉进行改性，在天青石粉表面粘附了绒毛，提高了天青石粉与木纤维的粘结强度，提高板材的强度；中间层形成了氧化锆粉，提高了板材的耐热性。天青石粉能够吸收γ射线，提高人居环境的安全性，提高板材的光泽度。
具体实施方式
一种天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：木纤维100、脲醛树脂胶粘剂10、纳米镍10、无水乙醇适量、5mm短切碳纤维33、丙酮1.7、异氰酸树脂胶黏剂3.3、氯化铵5.6、纳米二氧化钛2.5、天青石粉3、400 目绒毛粉0.5、固含量为10%的氧化锆溶胶1.2。
所述天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将纳米镍加入无水乙醇中，配制成4wt%的分散液，将木纤维在热压机内，在70℃下压缩，压缩率为30%，立即放入纳米镍的分散液中，浸泡120分钟，取出，在60℃下干燥至含水率为12%，得到改性木纤维；
（2）将天青石粉、固含量为10% 的氧化锆溶胶混合均匀，再加入400 目绒毛粉混合均匀，得到改性天青石粉；
（3）将丙酮与异氰酸树脂胶黏剂混合均匀，加入改性纳米镍、纳米WS2加入无，混合均匀，再与碳纤维混合，得到改性碳纤维；
（4）将其他剩余成分混合均匀，与改性天青石粉、改性木纤维、改性碳纤维混合均匀，进行铺装，在170℃下进行热压20s/mm，即得。
对本实施例纤维板进行检测，密度为0.751g/cm3，静曲强度为41.5MPa、弹性模量为5812MPa、内结合强度为1.51MPa、吸水厚度膨胀率为8.88%。在频率为5×108Hz以上时电磁屏蔽效能达到60dBm以上。

Claims (2)

1.一种天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板，其特征在于：由下列重量份的原料制成：木纤维100-110、脲醛树脂胶粘剂10-11、纳米镍10-11、无水乙醇适量、5-8mm短切碳纤维33-35、丙酮1.7-1.9、异氰酸树脂胶黏剂3.3-3.5、氯化铵5.6-5.9、纳米二氧化钛2.5-3、天青石粉3-4、400-500 目绒毛粉0.5-0.7、固含量为10-15% 的氧化锆溶胶1.2-1.6。
2.根据权利要求1所述天青石粉改性碳纤维木质复合纤维板的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
（1）将纳米镍加入无水乙醇中，配制成4-4.3wt%的分散液，将木纤维在热压机内，在70-75℃下压缩，压缩率为30-35%，立即放入纳米镍的分散液中，浸泡120-140分钟，取出，在60-65℃下干燥至含水率为12-15%，得到改性木纤维；
（2）将天青石粉、固含量为10-15% 的氧化锆溶胶混合均匀，再加入400-500 目绒毛粉混合均匀，得到改性天青石粉；
（3）将丙酮与异氰酸树脂胶黏剂混合均匀，加入改性纳米镍、纳米WS2加入无，混合均匀，再与碳纤维混合，得到改性碳纤维；
（4）将其他剩余成分混合均匀，与改性天青石粉、改性木纤维、改性碳纤维混合均匀，进行铺装，在170-175℃下进行热压20-25s/mm，即得。
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