CN106172130A - 一种生猪的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种生猪的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106172130A CN106172130A CN201610575219.3A CN201610575219A CN106172130A CN 106172130 A CN106172130 A CN 106172130A CN 201610575219 A CN201610575219 A CN 201610575219A CN 106172130 A CN106172130 A CN 106172130A
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于畜禽养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种生猪的养殖方法。所述养殖方法包括以下步骤:(1)仔猪到断奶日龄后,将母猪转至另一猪舍;(2)仔猪断奶后,分两个阶段饲喂不同饲料,第一阶段为体重≤30kg时饲喂饲料Ⅰ,体重为30‑90kg时饲喂饲料Ⅱ。本发明的优点是针对猪生长不同阶段的不同特点采用不同特殊配方的饲料分阶段喂养,能够提高饲料转化率,增强猪的免疫力和体质,降低发病率,促进猪快速健康生长,缩短猪的出栏时间;所述饲料Ⅰ和饲料Ⅱ营养全面,不含抗生素。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及家畜养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种生猪的养殖方法。
【背景技术】
我国是世界最大的猪肉生产和消费国。猪肉占我国肉类市场消耗量的60%以上,我国人口众多,每天需消耗大量猪肉,市场需求巨大,2015年,我国生猪出栏量为70825万头。生猪需求量大,但生长较慢,出栏周期较长,且在养殖过程中容易患病,造成经济损失。目前,为了促进猪的快速生长,缩短出栏周期,获得经济利益,猪饲料通常存在能量过高,营养不全面、绿色抗菌抗病元素少等问题,且经常添加有促生长激素、抗生素等物质,这些物质不仅使猪肉的品质下降,而且残留在猪肉中会损害人的身体健康。因此,如何在保证猪快速生长的同时保证猪肉肉质的健康、美味是养猪业发展道路上急需解决的问题。
【发明内容】
本发明的发明目的在于:针对上述问题,提供一种生猪的养殖方法,该方法针对不同阶段猪的生长特点不同喂食不同的饲料,能够促进猪快速生长,缩短猪的出栏时间,且根据猪的生长情况复配的饲料营养全面,不含抗生素,喂养出栏的猪更加安全;另外,在饲料中复配中草药添加剂能增强猪的免疫力,降低发病率,促进猪快速健康生长。为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种生猪的养殖方法,包括以下步骤:(1)仔猪到断奶日龄后,将母猪转至另一猪舍饲养;(2)仔猪断奶后,分两个阶段饲喂不同饲料,第一阶段为体重≤30kg时饲喂饲料Ⅰ,体重为30-90kg时饲喂饲料Ⅱ;
所述饲料Ⅰ按重量份计,由玉米45-60份、豆粕20-30份、鱼粉8-18份、乳清粉8-15份、小麦麸7-11份、红薯块4-8份、红薯藤7-12份、食盐0.3-0.8份、赖氨酸0.1-0.3份、维生素1.3-2.5份、磷酸氢钙1.5-3份、酸化剂0.45-0.65份、酶制剂0.3-0.5份、中草药添加剂0.1-2份组成;
所述饲料Ⅱ按重量份计,由玉米48-62份、菜籽饼15-22份、小麦麸14-20份、米糠8-18份、红薯块4-8份、红薯藤12-17份、苜蓿草粉2.3-5份、食盐0.3-0.8份、磷酸氢钙1.5-3份、氯化胆碱0.05-0.12份、蛋氨酸0.1-1份、胱氨酸0.1-1份、苏氨酸0.1-1份、赖氨酸0.1-1份、维生素1.3-2.5份、中草药添加剂0.1-2份组成;
所述中草药添加剂按重量份计,由连翘0.1-1份、野菊花0.1-1份、杜仲0.1-1份、紫花地丁0.1-1份和甘草0.5-2份组成。
优选地,所述断奶日龄为28日龄。
优选地,所述分两个阶段饲喂不同饲料为:第一阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅰ6次,每次间隔2小时;第二阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅱ4次,每次间隔4小时。
优选地,所述饲料Ⅰ按重量份计,由玉米50份、豆粕23份、鱼粉14份、乳清粉12份、小麦麸10份、红薯块5份、红薯藤8份、食盐0.5份、赖氨酸0.3份、维生素1.5份、磷酸氢钙1.8份、酸化剂0.5份、酶制剂0.04份和中草药添加剂0.8份组成。
优选地,所述饲料Ⅱ按重量份计,由玉米56份、菜籽饼18份、小麦麸15份、米糠15份、红薯块5份、红薯藤15份、苜蓿草粉4份、食盐0.5份、磷酸氢钙1.8份、氯化胆碱0.1份、蛋氨酸0.2份、胱氨酸0.2份、苏氨酸0.2份、赖氨酸0.3份、维生素1.5份和中草药添加剂1份组成。
所述维生素包含下列重量份组分:维生素A0.1-2份、维生素B10.02-0.06份、维生素B20.02-0.06份、维生素B30.2-0.8份、维生素B50.1-0.5份、维生素B70.01-0.03份、维生素B90.1-0.5份、维生素B120.2-1份、维生素D0.05-0.2份、维生素E0.05-0.1份、维生素K0.01-0.05份。
优选地,所述酸化剂为乳酸型复合酸化剂。
优选地,所述酶制剂为包括纤维素酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、糖化酶、果胶酶和木聚糖酶组成的复合酶制剂。
所述酶制剂为市售试剂的商品名,凡市售合乎规定的该商品名的试剂均可使用在本发明方案。复合酶制剂的示例生产商:名称:夏盛实业集团有限公司,地址或组织机构代码:北京市朝阳区安慧四区五矿大厦626。
优选地,所述中草药添加剂按重量份计,由连翘0.5份、野菊花0.4份、杜仲0.5份、紫花地丁0.6份和甘草1.7份组成。
本发明中,所述饲料Ⅰ的制备方法为:将连翘、野菊花、杜仲、紫花地丁份和甘草放入锅中,加入药材总重4-8倍的水煎煮2-5小时,所得药汁即中草药添加剂;将饲料Ⅰ中除中草药添加剂以外的其余原料混合磨碎,与中草药添加剂混合均匀即得饲料Ⅰ;饲料Ⅱ的制备方法与饲料Ⅰ相同。
本发明针对不同阶段猪的生长特点不同喂食不同的饲料。在第一阶段,猪具有胃酸分泌不足、消化性能发育尚不完善、代谢旺盛、生长发育迅速、易患病的特点,因此,在饲料Ⅰ中不仅含有蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质等均衡的营养,可满足猪快速生长发育的需求,增强免疫力,且添加的酸化剂和酶制剂可促进消化吸收,一阶段一天饲喂6次,少量多次,也有利于猪消化吸收,添加的中药药添加剂则可增强抗病能力和免疫力;另外,在第一阶段添加了较多的鱼粉和乳清粉,可克服断奶仔猪带来的应激。在第二阶段,猪具有生长迅速、增重快、饲料消耗量大、易患病的特点,饲料Ⅱ中添加的氯化胆碱可促进生长发育,降低饲料消耗,添加的苜蓿草粉可提高养分消化率、日增重和饲料转化率,添加的中药药添加剂可增强抗病能力和免疫力,减少患病率。
本发明的中草药添加剂具有提高生猪抗病能力和增强体质的功效。
中草药添加剂原料的功能介绍如下:
连翘,味微苦,性凉,含有三萜皂甙,果皮含甾醇、连翘酚、生物碱、皂甙、齐墩果酸、香豆精类和丰富的维生素等成分,可抑制伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、白喉杆菌、霍乱弧菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌等病菌,尤其对痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用很强,有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、解热等功效。且可有效抑制环境中常见腐败菌的繁殖,延长食品的保质期。
野菊花,味苦,性寒,含有野菊花内酯,野菊花醇,野菊花三醇,野菊花酮,菊油环酮,顺-螺烯醇醚,反-螺烯醇醚,当归酰豚草素B,当归酰亚菊素,苏格兰蒿素A,刺槐甙,木犀草素等成分,具有疏散风热,消肿解毒,预防流行性感冒、感冒,治疗高血压、肝炎、痢疾、痈疖疗疮等病症的功效,野菊花的浸液对杀灭孑孓及蝇蛆也非常有效。
杜仲,味甘,性温,含有15种矿物元素,其中有锌、铜、铁等微量元素,及钙、磷、钾、镁等宏量元素,含有木脂素、苯丙素、黄酮类、杜仲胶及环烯醚萜类化合物等成分,具有清除体内垃圾,加强人体细胞物质代谢,明显增强机体免疫功能,增加胃肠蠕动和促进胃液分泌,抗应激和抗衰老等功效,还可广谱抗菌,对金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、炭疽杆菌、肺炎球菌、肺炎杆菌、白喉杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌等有不同程度的抑制作用。
紫花地丁,味苦,性寒,含甙类、黄酮类、蜡、蜡酸及不饱和酸等成分,具有清热解毒,凉血消肿的功效,主治疔疮痈肿、痄腮、瘰疬、丹毒、乳痈、腹泻、肠痈、湿热与泻痢和黄疸等。
甘草,味甘,性平,含有甘草酸、甘草甙、甘草甜素、甘草类黄酮、后幕比檀素、刺芒柄花素、槲皮素等组分,具有补脾益气、清热解毒、抗炎、抗肿瘤、调和诸药等功效,可以改善药剂口感。
本发明的中草药添加剂各组分伍配科学,杜仲可广谱抗菌,增强机体免疫功能,配以解热、抗菌抗毒的连翘,可明显增强抗菌抗病的功效;野菊花可消肿解毒,治疗痢疾、痈疖疗疮等病症,紫花地丁可清热解毒,主治疔疮痈肿、丹毒、腹泻、肠痈、湿热等病症,二者合用,增强清热解毒,治疗痢疾、痈疖疗疮、腹泻、等病症之功;甘草不仅有抗炎、清热解毒之功效,且味甘,可调和药剂苦味,提高适口性。诸药合用,共奏清热解毒、抑制细菌、增强生猪免疫功能之功,从而提高生猪抗病能力,增强体质。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:可为生猪生长不同阶段提供生长所需的蛋白质、氨基酸、各类维生素、能量、无机盐等物质,充分保证猪的营养需求,适口性好,消化吸收好,且可以增强猪的免疫力和体质,减少患病率,促进猪快速健康的生长发育,缩短出栏时间。用本发明饲养的猪健康、瘦肉多、营养高,生长快。
【具体实施方式】
为了更好地理解本发明,下面用具体实例来详细说明本发明的技术方案,但是本发明并不局限于此。
实施例1
本实施例的生猪养殖方法,包括以下步骤:(1)仔猪到断奶日龄后,将母猪转至另一猪舍饲养。(2)仔猪断奶后,分两个阶段饲喂不同饲料,第一阶段为体重≤30kg时饲喂饲料Ⅰ,体重为30-90kg时饲喂饲料Ⅱ;
所述饲料Ⅰ按重量份计,由玉米45份、豆粕30份、鱼粉18份、乳清粉15份、小麦麸7份、红薯块4份、红薯藤12份、食盐0.3份、赖氨酸0.3份、维生素1.3份、磷酸氢钙3份、乳酸型复合酸化剂0.65份、复合酶制剂0.3份、中草药添加剂0.1份组成;
所述饲料Ⅱ按重量份计,由玉米62份、菜籽饼15份、小麦麸14份、米糠18份、红薯块8份、红薯藤17份、苜蓿草粉2.3份、食盐0.3份、磷酸氢钙3份、氯化胆碱0.05份、蛋氨酸0.1份、胱氨酸1份、苏氨酸0.1份、赖氨酸0.1份、维生素2.5份、中草药添加剂2份组成;
其中,所述维生素包含下列重量份组分:维生素A2份、维生素B10.06份、维生素B20.06份、维生素B30.8份、维生素B50.5份、维生素B70.03份、维生素B90.1份、维生素B120.2份、维生素D0.05份、维生素E0.05份、维生素K0.01份;
所述中草药添加剂包含下列重量份组分:连翘0.1份、野菊花0.1份、杜仲1份、紫花地丁0.1份和甘草0.5份。
第一阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅰ6次,每次间隔2小时。
第二阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅱ4次,每次间隔4小时。
所述饲料Ⅰ和Ⅱ的制备方法为:将连翘、野菊花、杜仲、紫花地丁份和甘草放入锅中,加入药材总重8倍的水煎煮5小时,所得药汁即中草药添加剂;将饲料Ⅰ中除中草药添加剂以外的其余原料混合磨碎,与中草药添加剂混合均匀即得饲料Ⅰ;饲料Ⅱ的制备方法与饲料Ⅰ相同。
实施例2
本实施例的生猪养殖方法,包括以下步骤:(1)仔猪到断奶日龄后,将母猪转至另一猪舍饲养。(2)仔猪断奶后,分两个阶段饲喂不同饲料,第一阶段为体重≤30kg时饲喂饲料Ⅰ,体重为30-90kg时饲喂饲料Ⅱ;
所述饲料Ⅰ按重量份计,由玉米60份、豆粕20份、鱼粉8份、乳清粉8份、小麦麸11份、红薯块8份、红薯藤7份、食盐0.8份、赖氨酸0.1份、维生素2.5份、磷酸氢钙1.5份、乳酸型复合酸化剂0.45份、复合酶制剂0.5份、中草药添加剂0.1份组成;
所述饲料Ⅱ按重量份计,由玉米48份、菜籽饼22份、小麦麸20、米糠8份、红薯块4份、红薯藤12份、苜蓿草粉5份、食盐0.8份、磷酸氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.12份、蛋氨酸1份、胱氨酸1份、苏氨酸1份、赖氨酸1份、维生素1.3份、中草药添加剂0.1份组成;
其中,所述维生素包含下列重量份组分:维生素A0.1份、维生素B10.02份、维生素B20.02份、维生素B30.2份、维生素B50.1份、维生素B70.01份、维生素B90.5份、维生素B121份、维生素D0.2份、维生素E0.1份、维生素K0.05份;
所述中草药添加剂包含下列重量份组分:连翘1份、野菊花1份、杜仲0.1份、紫花地丁1份和甘草2份。
第一阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅰ6次,每次间隔2小时。
第二阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅱ4次,每次间隔4小时。
所述饲料Ⅰ和Ⅱ的制备方法为:将连翘、野菊花、杜仲、紫花地丁份和甘草放入锅中,加入药材总重4倍的水煎煮2小时,所得药汁即中草药添加剂;将饲料Ⅰ中除中草药添加剂以外的其余原料混合磨碎,与中草药添加剂混合均匀即得饲料Ⅰ;饲料Ⅱ的制备方法与饲料Ⅰ相同。
实施例3
本实施例的生猪养殖方法,包括以下步骤:(1)仔猪到断奶日龄后,将母猪转至另一猪舍饲养。(2)仔猪断奶后,分两个阶段饲喂不同饲料,第一阶段为体重≤30kg时饲喂饲料Ⅰ,体重为30-90kg时饲喂饲料Ⅱ;
所述饲料Ⅰ按重量份计,由玉米51份、豆粕20份、鱼粉12份、乳清粉12份、小麦麸11份、红薯块6份、红薯藤8份、食盐0.4份、赖氨酸0.2份、维生素1.8份、磷酸氢钙1.8份、乳酸型复合酸化剂0.5份、复合酶制剂0.35份、中草药添加剂1份组成;
所述饲料Ⅱ按重量份计,由玉米56份、菜籽饼16份、小麦麸15份、米糠15份、红薯块5份、红薯藤15份、苜蓿草粉4份、食盐0.5份、磷酸氢钙1.8份、氯化胆碱0.1份、蛋氨酸0.2份、胱氨酸0.2份、苏氨酸0.2份、赖氨酸0.4份、维生素1.7份、中草药添加剂1.3份组成;
其中,所述维生素包含下列重量份组分:维生素A0.9份、维生素B10.05份、维生素B20.06份、维生素B30.7份、维生素B50.4份、维生素B70.02份、维生素B90.3份、维生素B121份、维生素D0.08份、维生素E0.07份、维生素K0.04份;
所述中草药添加剂包含下列重量份组分:连翘0.5份、野菊花0.5份、杜仲0.5份、紫花地丁0.5份和甘草2份。
第一阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅰ6次,每次间隔2小时。
第二阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅱ4次,每次间隔4小时。
所述饲料Ⅰ和Ⅱ的制备方法为:将连翘、野菊花、杜仲、紫花地丁份和甘草放入锅中,加入药材总重5倍的水煎煮3小时,所得药汁即中草药添加剂;将饲料Ⅰ中除中草药添加剂以外的其余原料混合磨碎,与中草药添加剂混合均匀即得饲料Ⅰ;饲料Ⅱ的制备方法与饲料Ⅰ相同。
对比例
对比例A的养殖步骤与实施例3相同,不同点是使用选用市面上某品牌猪饲料进行饲养,对比例B的养殖步骤与实施例3相同,不同点是喂养的饲料Ⅰ、饲料Ⅱ中未添加中草药添加剂。
随机选取150只健康小猪分成A、B、C、D、E组,A组按照常规方法养殖,饲喂某品牌猪饲料A;另外B、C、D、E组按照本发明养殖方法,分别饲喂本发明未添加中草药添加剂的实施例3饲料、实施例1饲料、实施例2饲料、实施例3饲料,到达90kg时出栏,其养殖效果对比结果如表1所示。
表1不同生猪养殖方法效果对比结果:
组别 | 出栏重量/kg | 出栏时间/d | 患病率/% | 成活率/% |
A | 90 | 175 | 6.67 | 96.67 |
B | 90 | 150 | 3.33 | 100 |
C | 90 | 153 | 0 | 100 |
D | 90 | 148 | 0 | 100 |
E | 90 | 143 | 0 | 100 |
实验结果表明,与常规养殖方法(A)相比,使用本发明养殖方法养殖生猪(B、C、D、E),生猪的患病率低,成活率高,出栏周期短;使用本发明养殖方法养殖生猪,与饲料中未添加中草药添加剂的饲料(B)相比,使用添加了中草药添加剂的本发明的饲料(C、D、E),生猪的出栏周期接近,但患病率更低,因为添加了中草药添加剂的本发明的饲料,不仅营养全面均衡,而且中草药添加剂提高了生猪的免疫功能,增强了体质,有利于预防各种疾病,降低患病率,促进生猪快速健康的生长,提高了经济效益。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种生猪的养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:(1)仔猪到断奶日龄后,将母猪转至另一猪舍饲养;(2)仔猪断奶后,分两个阶段饲喂不同饲料,第一阶段为体重≤30kg时饲喂饲料Ⅰ,第二阶段为体重30-90kg时饲喂饲料Ⅱ;
所述饲料Ⅰ按重量份计,由玉米45-60份、豆粕20-30份、鱼粉8-18份、乳清粉8-15份、小麦麸7-11份、红薯块4-8份、红薯藤7-12份、食盐0.3-0.8份、赖氨酸0.1-0.3份、维生素1.3-2.5份、磷酸氢钙1.5-3份、酸化剂0.45-0.65份、酶制剂0.3-0.5份、中草药添加剂0.1-2份组成;
所述饲料Ⅱ按重量份计,由玉米48-62份、菜籽饼15-22份、小麦麸14-20份、米糠8-18份、红薯块4-8份、红薯藤12-17份、苜蓿草粉2.3-5份、食盐0.3-0.8份、磷酸氢钙1.5-3份、氯化胆碱0.05-0.12份、蛋氨酸0.1-1份、胱氨酸0.1-1份、苏氨酸0.1-1份、赖氨酸0.1-1份、维生素1.3-2.5份、中草药添加剂0.1-2份组成;
其中,饲料Ⅰ和饲料Ⅱ中所述的中草药添加剂均为按重量份计,由连翘0.1-1份、野菊花0.1-1份、杜仲0.1-1份、紫花地丁0.1-1份和甘草0.5-2份组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述断奶日龄为28日龄。
3.根据权利要求1所述的养殖方法,其特征在于,第一阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅰ6次,每次间隔2小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的养殖方法,其特征在于,第二阶段每日饲喂饲料Ⅱ4次,每次间隔4小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述饲料Ⅰ按重量份计,由玉米50份、豆粕23份、鱼粉14份、乳清粉12份、小麦麸10份、红薯块5份、红薯藤8份、食盐0.5份、赖氨酸0.3份、维生素1.5份、磷酸氢钙1.8份、酸化剂0.5份、酶制剂0.04份和中草药添加剂0.8份组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述饲料Ⅱ按重量份计,由玉米56份、菜籽饼18份、小麦麸15份、米糠15份、红薯块5份、红薯藤15份、苜蓿草粉4份、食盐0.5份、磷酸氢钙1.8份、氯化胆碱0.1份、蛋氨酸0.2份、胱氨酸0.2份、苏氨酸0.2份、赖氨酸0.3份、维生素1.5份和中草药添加剂1份组成。
7.根据权利要求1、5或6所述的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述维生素包含下列重量份组分:维生素A0.1-2份、维生素B10.02-0.06份、维生素B20.02-0.06份、维生素B30.2-0.8份、维生素B50.1-0.5份、维生素B70.01-0.03份、维生素B90.1-0.5份、维生素B120.2-1份、维生素D0.05-0.2份、维生素E0.05-0.1份、维生素K0.01-0.05份。
8.根据权利要求1、5或6所述的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述酸化剂为乳酸型复合酸化剂。
9.根据权利要求1、5或6所述的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述酶制剂为包括纤维素酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、糖化酶、果胶酶和木聚糖酶组成的复合酶制剂。
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