CN106141425A - The laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive controller of robotic gripper's sheet metal - Google Patents
The laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive controller of robotic gripper's sheet metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN106141425A CN106141425A CN201610624891.7A CN201610624891A CN106141425A CN 106141425 A CN106141425 A CN 106141425A CN 201610624891 A CN201610624891 A CN 201610624891A CN 106141425 A CN106141425 A CN 106141425A
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- laser
- metal blank
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- impact
- restraint layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to mechanical manufacturing field, be specifically related to a kind of metal blank laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive controller based on robot arm motion.Its composition mainly has laser instrument 1, guide-lighting and outer optical path adjusting system 2, impact laser head 3, frock clamp motor system 4, restraint layer spraying system 5, dynamic optical monitoring system 6 and above-mentioned control system, central authorities' composition such as integrated control system 7 grade.Its manufacturing process is characterised by that the laser beam sent by laser instrument 1 is transferred in laser-impact head 3 with outer optical path adjusting system 2 by guide-lighting, light beam is adjusted metal blank 18 surface being transferred to clamping in frock clamp motor system 4, metal blank 18 bead blasted surfaces is covered with the restraint layer that restraint layer spraying system 5 manufactures, energy-absorbing layer 22 absorbs induced with laser and produces shock wave in panel surface, and makes metal blank 18 produce quick plastic deformation or Stress Release to shape.The present invention can realize 3 D stereo impact, can carry out the complicated shaping of big plate, can carry out again local micro-forming, can realize quantitative Accurate Shaping, reproducible, easily realize automated production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical manufacturing field, be specifically related to a kind of metal blank laser spray based on robot arm motion
Ball forming accuracy dynamic self-adapting control method and device.This device is applicable to the shaping of metal blank, is particularly suitable for routine
Method is difficult to the material forming shaping or cannot shaping at all, if structural steel, admire alloy, composite etc. are it can also be used to rod member,
The school shape of housing thin-wall part.
Background technology
Metal blank plastic molding method is a lot, including stamping, contour peening, explosive forming, the progressive one-tenth of digitized
Shape, non-mould multi-point forming etc..The most traditional and common press-processing method, its shortcoming is that die cost is high, and the production cycle is long, and
And can only to low-carbon (LC) thin plate (as 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 10F, 20 etc.), aluminium alloy (such as LY12M, LY12C etc.) and red copper and portion
Dividing pyrite, due to the impact of strained rate, forming limit is restricted.In dynamic plasticity manufacturing process contour peening with explode into
Shape is the most typical, and wherein contour peening is to utilize shot high speed impact material surface, makes workpiece produce Plastic Forming.Its advantage is
Can form certain depth distribution residual compressive stress at material surface, improve the anti-fatigue performance of workpiece, shortcoming is surface of the work
Become coarse due to the percussion of shot, and impact process relates to parameter and too much is difficult to accurately control;Explosive forming is
The shock wave produced by high explosives blast is shaped, dangerous huge, and can not Accurate Shaping.
Patent " the CONTOUR FORMIMG OF of California, USA university HACKELL LOYD and HARRIS FRITZ application
METALS BY LASER PEENING " (patent No.: WO0105549), propose to produce remnants with laser hammering sheet metal surface
Stress, recycling residual stress release produces the Light deformation shaping that micro-curvature is carried out, by micro-curvature of each hammering of each point
Accumulate or implement repeat impact in same point, so that it may obtaining larger sized bending.Detailed description of the invention is: first at metal material
One layer of laser energy-absorbing layer is fixed on material surface, and it is made up of polyvinyl acetate plastics and igelite, then at energy
Measure water thick for absorbed layer surface 1mm as inertial confinement layer.With Energy distribution 60 200J/cm2, pulse width 10ns-
The energy-absorbing layer of laser beam (wavelength 1.06 μm) the hammering metal surface that the high-power neodymium laser facility of 20ns produces, energy
Amount absorbed layer produces plasma after absorbing laser.Plasma blast produces 10,000 100,000 barometric pressure range
Surge, this makes surge exceed the elastic limit of metal, so that metal material surface forms layer depth more than 1mm's
Compressive stress layer.Stress makes metal surface produce strain, causes metal to produce flexural deformation.The method is produced by pointwise hammering
Stress distribution controls large-area bending, and this is difficult to accurately control in actual applications.Jiangsu University Zhang Yongkang et al. applies for
Patent of invention " a kind of laser-impact accurate forming method and device " (license number: ZL01134063.0), utilize strong arteries and veins
(power density is more than 1GW/cm to laser beam2, pulse width 8-30ns) impact surface of the work flexible lamina so that it is top layer gas
Changing ionization and form shock wave, making moulding material that obvious plastic deformation to occur, this is macroscopic material deformation, is then rushed by pointwise
Hit and obtain large area complicated shape with the distribution of orderly shock point.The method moulding material includes metal, composite, plastics etc.
Multiple material;Workpiece can be carried out local bulging, bend, stretch, plate smoothing, rod member alignment school bent, be to collect multiple shaping side
The manufacturing process of complexity without mould that formula is integrated.Owing to the method needs each point impulsive force (the most every point by controlling laser-impact
Technological parameter different, such as pulsed laser energy, beam diameter, repetition rate etc.) and impact path obtain accurate workpiece and take turns
Exterior feature, owing to the technological parameter of each point is different, it is very difficult to reaches accurate each point impulsive force by adjusting the technological parameter of each point, and
And the efficiency shaped can be caused to reduce.Another application patent of invention of Zhang Yongkang et al. is " a kind of based on liquid crystal mask technology sharp
Light fine machining method and device " (number of patent application: 200510094160.8), then utilize LCDs as mask, by
Laser generator controls device and controls the laser pulse that laser generator is produced by the parameter optimized, and is irradiated to through beam-expanding system
On liquid crystal display screen, liquid crystal screen display image position blocking laser passes through, and the laser beam after making by display screen becomes and display screen
Image becomes the hollow out figure hot spot of inverse relation, is irradiated to surface of the work and ablation goes out required figure pit, and it only uses
It is limited to micro processing field, and by the figure pit meeting crack initiation that laser ablation goes out, is potential tired source.
Patent of invention " a kind of sheet material double face precise forming based on laser blast wave effect of Jiang Yin side of Jiangsu University application
Method and device " (patent publication No.: CN 101249588A), the method uses double-sided laser impact, by changing laser energy
The laser parameters such as amount, beam diameter, repetition rate adjust the size of surge, are rushed by laser dislocation impact the most simultaneously
Hit the positive and negative surface of workpiece concave and convex, by adjusting the position of workpiece, control the movement locus of two laser-impact heads, complete workpiece recessed
The Plastic Forming of convex fine structure shape, and all form residual compressive stress on workpiece two sides.From the point of view of realizing sheet metal deformation mode,
The features such as it is high that the method has efficiency, and range is wide.But the positive and negative surface of the workpiece of the method is both needed to the flexible lamina composition that is sticked
The transparent restraint layer of integral type and energy-absorbing layer composition, during in particular by flowing water as transparent restraint layer, this will be unfavorable for
The deformation of detection feedback system dynamic monitoring plate, it is achieved Real-time and Dynamic Detection.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one and can overcome disadvantages mentioned above, can realize making various common metal moulding material, special
It it not the conventional method laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive controller that is difficult to shape.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
It is by laser instrument, guide-lighting and outer optical path adjusting system, frock clamp motor system, restraint layer spraying system, impact
Laser head, the dynamic optical monitoring composition such as system, integrated control system.The laser beam sent by laser instrument is by guide-lighting and outer light
Road regulation system transfers is in laser-impact head, and light beam is adjusted the metallic plate being transferred to clamping in frock clamp motor system
Material surface, metal blank bead blasted surfaces is covered with the restraint layer that restraint layer spraying system manufactures, and energy-absorbing layer absorbs laser and lures
The raw shock wave of artificial deliviery is in panel surface, and makes metal blank produce quick Plastic Forming or the residual stress little curvature of release
Shape.
Laser peening plate front scribbles energy-absorbing layer in uniform thickness, and back side spraying one is used for realizing dynamic optical
The developing agent of monitoring system monitoring, developing agent forms densely covered tiny microdot and is distributed in the backside surface at plate.Plate produces
During deformation, owing to relative position and the stress state of developing agent microdot granule can change in the moment, this changes direct reaction
The dynamic changing process of the ess-strain of panel surface, the development profile of developing agent the most directly reflects the deformation of plate simultaneously
Journey and the size of deflection.
Dynamic optical monitoring system is to be made up of two strong light searchlights and two high speed video systems.When being monitored,
The light that highlighted spy lamp is launched is radiated at plate backside surface, and metal blank back side developing agent microdot is occurred unrestrained anti-by strong illumination
Penetrating, a portion reflection light is caught by high speed video system, in forming process, forms dynamic stress and strain and dynamic deformation
The information of process.This information is fed back to integrated control system by dynamic optical monitoring system, by adjusting relevant parameter, it is achieved dynamic
State monitoring and the precision dynamic Self Adaptive Control of plate contour peening.
Monitoring according to dynamic optical detecting system and feedback, by changing laser pulse width, energy, beam diameter, repetition
The laser parameters such as frequency adjust the size of surge, by controlling impact position and the size of each point impulsive force, can realize
The Accurate Shaping of plate.
Its forming device is characterised by that frock clamp motor system is made up of robot, clamping fixture seat, and clamping fixture seat can
Different fixtures is changed according to the shaping different size of plate, forming mode.Holder mode can be divided into unilateral clamping, bilateral
Clamping, the plurality of classes such as surrounding clamping.Frock clamp motor system cooperates with restraint layer spraying system, meets diverse location
The needs of shot-peening.
Being provided with focus lamp group in the laser-impact head of laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive controller, it comprises poly-
Jiao Jing, rotatable mirror, prism etc..By adjusting each optical element in laser-impact head, can realize spot size and
The adjustment of focal length.
The present invention proposes a kind of metal blank laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive control technology, and it utilizes high power pulse
(power density is more than 10 to laser beam9W/cm2, pulse width 8-30ns) and irradiation surface of the work absorbed layer so that it is top layer gasification ionization
And form shock wave, act on plate.Timely self-adaptative adjustment Related Impulse parameter is fed back, it is achieved plate by dynamic monitoring system
Material forward Plastic Forming and the little curvature defomation of surface residual stress releasing reverse, be distributed by pointwise impact and orderly shock point
Obtain large area complicated shape.The method can be effectively many to metal material, inorganic material, macromolecular material and composite etc.
Kind of material carry out local bulging, bend, stretch, plate smoothing, rod member alignment school bent, be the nothing integrating multiple forming mode
Mould complexity shapes.
The present invention has a following technical advantage:
(1) double characteristic that the present invention has impact plastic deformation shaping concurrently and stress field shapes, can according to blank shape and
The requirement of shaping law, is adjusted impact parameter and conversion shock point position the most in time, makes plate by dynamic monitoring feedback data
Material produces certain plastic deformation and Stress Field Distribution and shapes, it is achieved dynamic realtime self-adaption accuracy shapes.
(2) present invention is adjusted by the flexible motion of plate clamping movement system machine human arm and the self adaptation of laser parameter
Whole, 3 D stereo impact can be realized flexibly, little curvature large-sized sheet material can be realized and shape, the fine sheet material in deep camber local can be realized again
Full Plastic Forming, realizes plate complexity and shapes.
(3) present invention is in the course of processing, and system carries out dynamic realtime monitoring to impact plate, and carries out Monitoring Data
Feedback, adjusts machined parameters and processing stand position, it is possible to resolve in real time due to the isoparametric ripple of laser energy during impact forging
The impact of the factor such as dynamic.
(4) sheet metal impact forging rear surface defines the deepest amplitude residual compressive stress, is remarkably improved it and resists
Fatigue life, this meal gold part being particularly suitable for manufacturing anti-fatigue performance requirement, such as aircraft wing cover etc., can omit routine
Reinforcement process.
(5) present invention can realize little curvature sheet material bending and forming.Owing to being full plastic bending, without resilience, solve routine
Technique die trial repeatedly is taken a lot of work bothersome expensive shortcoming.Shaping accurately, low cost, speed is fast, it is possible to achieve mouldless shaping, the suitableeest
Together in the new product development that batch is few.
(6) present invention i.e. can be to sheet stamping Plastic Forming, again can be to metal cut deal bending forming, additionally can be real
The shaping of difficult moulding material multiple to high strength steel, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, plastics and composite etc., even to fragile material
Bending forming, it is achieved the crisp dynamic transition moulded, these special purposes are that other manufacturing process cannot substitute.
(7) present invention, avoiding that shot peen forming process surface of the work is coarse, parameter is many and is difficult to accurate control etc. and asks
Topic, actual effect and aspect of performance after shot-peening, the parameter such as its residual stress degree of depth, fatigue life, resistance to elevated temperatures is mechanical spray
The several times of ball.
(8) the harmful tension produced during the present invention can solve Laser Thermal Stress Forming thermal process, the surface of sheet material is still protected
Hold compressive stress state.
Accompanying drawing explanation
A kind of metal blank laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive controller based on robot arm motion of Fig. 1
Schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 shot-peening plate constitutes schematic diagram
In figure: (1) laser instrument, (2) leaded light and optical path adjusting system, (3) impact laser head, (4) clamping motor system,
(5) restraint layer sprinkling system, (6) dynamic optical monitoring system, (7) central authorities integrated control system, (8) Laser Control System,
(9) laser head regulation and control system, (10) restraint layer control system, (11) clamping kinetic control system, (12) dynamic monitoring control
System processed, (13) reflecting mirror group, (14) diaphotoscope group, (15) rotatable mirror group, (16) prism, (17) condenser lens,
(18) shot-peening plate, (19) clamp base, (20) high speed video system, (21) high intensity visits lamp, (22) energy-absorbing layer, (23)
Development microdot.
Detailed description of the invention
Details and the working condition of the concrete device that the present invention proposes is described in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
A kind of based on robot arm motion metal blank laser shot forming precision dynamic self-adaptation control method and
Device, as it is shown in figure 1, be by laser instrument 1, guide-lighting and outer optical path adjusting system 2, impact laser head 3, frock clamp motor system
4, restraint layer spraying system 5, dynamic optical monitoring system 6 and above-mentioned control system, central authorities' composition such as integrated control system 7 grade.Its
Manufacturing process is characterised by that the laser beam sent by laser instrument 1 is transferred to laser punching by guide-lighting with outer optical path adjusting system 2
Tapping the head interior 3, light beam is adjusted metal blank 18 surface being transferred to clamping in frock clamp motor system 4, metal blank 18
Bead blasted surfaces is covered with the restraint layer that restraint layer spraying system 5 manufactures, and energy-absorbing layer 22 absorbs induced with laser and produces shock wave
Act on panel surface, and make metal blank 18 produce quick Plastic Forming or residual stress release little curvature shaping.
Laser peening plate model, as in figure 2 it is shown, metal blank 18 front scribbles energy-absorbing layer 22 in uniform thickness, is carried on the back
A kind of developing agent for realizing dynamic optical monitoring system monitoring of face spraying, developing agent forms densely covered tiny development microdot 22
It is distributed in 18 backside surfaces at metal blank.When metal blank 18 is deformed, due to the relative position of developing agent microdot 23
Can change in the moment with stress-strain state, this dynamic of ess-strain changing direct reaction metal blank 18 surface becomes
Change process, the development profile that developer microdot 23 is constituted simultaneously the most directly reflects deformation process and the change of metal blank 18
The size of shape amount.
Dynamic optical monitoring system 6 is to be visited lamp 21 constituted by two high speed video systems 20 and two high lights.It is monitored
During with data acquisition, the light that highlighted spy lamp 21 is launched is radiated at metal blank 18 back side, metal blank 18 back side development microdot 23
By strong illumination generation diffuse-reflectance, a portion reflection light is caught by high speed video system 20, in forming process, is formed
Dynamic stress and strain and dynamic deformation process information.This information is fed back to integrating control system of central authorities by dynamic optical monitoring system 6
System 7, by adjusting relevant parameter, it is achieved the precision dynamic Self Adaptive Control of dynamic monitoring and plate contour peening.
Monitoring according to dynamic optical monitoring system 6 and feedback, by changing laser pulse width, energy, beam diameter, repetition
The laser parameters such as frequency adjust the size of surge, by controlling impact position and the size of each point impulsive force, can realize
The Accurate Shaping of metal blank 18.
Its forming device is characterised by that clamping motor system 4 is made up of robot, clamping fixture seat 19, and clamping fixture seat 19 can
Size, forming mode according to form metal plate 18 change different fixtures.Holder mode can be divided into unilateral folder
Hold, the plurality of classes such as bilateral clamps, surrounding clamping.Frock clamp motor system 6 cooperates with restraint layer spraying system 5, full
The shot-peening of foot diverse location needs.
It is provided with rotatable mirror group in the laser-impact head 3 of laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive controller
15, prism 16, condenser lens 17 etc..By each optical element in adjustment laser-impact head 3, can realize spot size and Jiao
Away from adjustment.
The present invention proposes a kind of metal blank laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive control technology, and it utilizes high power pulse
(power density is more than 10 to laser beam9W/cm2, pulse width 8-30ns) and irradiation surface of the work absorbed layer so that it is top layer gasification ionization
And form shock wave, act on plate.Timely self-adaptative adjustment Related Impulse parameter is fed back, it is achieved plate is just by dynamic monitoring
To Plastic Forming and the little curvature defomation of surface residual stress releasing reverse, obtained by pointwise impact and the distribution of orderly shock point
Large area complicated shape.The method can be effectively to multiple materials such as metal material, inorganic material, macromolecular material and composites
Material carry out local bulging, bend, stretch, plate smoothing, rod member alignment school bent, be integrate multiple forming mode without mould again
Miscellaneous shaping.
Above the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformation or amendment within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring the flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a metal blank laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive controller based on robot arm motion, its group
Become mainly to have laser instrument 1, guide-lighting and outer optical path adjusting system 2, impact laser head 3, frock clamp motor system 4, restraint layer spray
Penetrate system 5, dynamic optical monitoring system 6 and central authorities' integrated control system 7 to form;The laser beam sent by laser instrument 1 is by leading
Light and outer optical path adjusting system 2 are transferred in laser-impact head 3, and laser beam is adjusted and is transferred to clamping and moves at frock clamp
Metal blank 18 surface of system 4, metal blank 18 bead blasted surfaces is covered with the restraint layer that restraint layer spraying system 5 manufactures, energy
Amount absorbed layer 22 absorb induced with laser produce shock wave in panel surface, and make metal blank 18 produce quick plasticity become
Shape or residual stress discharge little curvature and shape.
Control device the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that metal blank 18 front scribbles energy in uniform thickness and inhales
Receiving layer 22, back side spraying is for realizing the developing agent of dynamic optical monitoring system 6 monitoring, and developing agent forms densely covered tiny development
Microdot 23 is distributed in 18 backside surfaces at metal blank, when metal blank 18 is deformed, due to the relative of microdot 23 of developing
Position and stress-strain state can change in the moment, the ess-strain on this change direct reaction metal blank 18 surface dynamic
State change procedure, the development profile that developer microdot 23 is constituted simultaneously the most directly reflects the deformation process of metal blank 18
Size with deflection.
Control device the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that dynamic optical monitoring system 6 is to be taken the photograph by two high speeds
As system 20 and two high lights are visited lamp 21 and constituted, when being monitored with data acquisition, the light that highlighted spy lamp 21 is launched is radiated at gold
Belonging to plate 18 back side, development microdot 23 in metal blank 18 back side is by strong illumination generation diffuse-reflectance, a portion reflection light
Caught by high speed video system 20, in forming process, form dynamic stress and strain and dynamic deformation process information, dynamic optical
This information is fed back to central authorities' integrated control system 7 by monitoring system 6, by adjusting relevant parameter, it is achieved dynamic monitoring and plate
The precision dynamic Self Adaptive Control of contour peening.
Control device the most as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterised in that monitor the monitoring of system 6 with anti-according to dynamic optical
Feedback, by changing laser pulse width, energy, beam diameter, repetition rate adjust the size of surge, by controlling impact position
Put and the size of each point impulsive force, the Accurate Shaping of metal blank 18 can be realized.
Control device the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that frock clamp motor system 4 is by robot, folder
Tool seat 19 forms, and clamping fixture seat 19 can change different fixtures according to the size of form metal plate 18, forming mode;Frock
Clamp movement system 4 cooperates with restraint layer spraying system 5, meets the shot-peening needs of diverse location.
Controlling device the most as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that holder mode can be divided into unilateral clamping, bilateral presss from both sides
Holding, surrounding clamps.
Control device the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that laser shot forming precision dynamic adaptive controller
Laser-impact head 3 in be provided with rotatable mirror group 15, prism 16 and condenser lens 17;By adjusting laser-impact head 3
Interior optical element, can realize the adjustment to spot size and focal length.
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CN106624353A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 广东工业大学 | Laser shotblast product surface fabrication system |
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