CN106106435A - A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ - Google Patents
A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ Download PDFInfo
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- CN106106435A CN106106435A CN201610497578.1A CN201610497578A CN106106435A CN 106106435 A CN106106435 A CN 106106435A CN 201610497578 A CN201610497578 A CN 201610497578A CN 106106435 A CN106106435 A CN 106106435A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ, the steps include: to select the lentinus edodes strain stick of mushroom rod one, on bacterium rod intact unbroken, bacterium rod, sporophore size is basically identical, the non-parachute-opening of cap, the factor viewed and admired without impacts such as residual mushroom, inclined mushroom, mould heights, without the material making specimen of pest and disease damage and mechanical injury.Bacterium rod pre-freeze is dried to putting into freeze drying box after less than 40 DEG C.Condenser temperature is less than 50 DEG C, and in the sublimation drying stage, temperature is set as 18～20 DEG C, and pressure is set as 60～80Pa；In the parsing-desiccation stage, temperature is set as 40～45 DEG C, and pressure is set as 30～50Pa.Bacterium rod is put into bottom and is covered with in the transparent vessel of one layer of desiccant by dry end, is finally sealed by container, obtains the intact Lentinus Edodes of condition specimen in situ.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ, belong to edible fungus specimen and make field.
Background technology
Edible fungus specimen is requisite material object in edible fungi teaching and research, and it has in teaching intuitively, is not subject to
The feature that time, space limit.Lentinus Edodes, as large edible fungus, is one of China's main cultivation mushroom kind, has water content big, easily
Rotten, the most infested, sample disposal, preservation have and acquires a certain degree of difficulty.Tradition macro fungi shows the manufacture method master of specimen
Using dipping and drying two kinds of methods, dipping specimen must be saved in volatile containing formaldehyde, ethanol, glacial acetic acid etc. for a long time
Preserve in liquid, but formalin dipping specimen, easy corrosion specimen body, specimen fugitive color, preserve liquid the most muddy, and formaldehyde
Volatile, harmful.Specimen is dried process by common dry preserved specimen employing Exposure to Sunlight, the method dried or air-dry, though
Simple and easy to do but its form and color vary widely, it is impossible to keep original form.
Chinese patent literature CN105325404A (application number 201510828019.X), discloses the system of a kind of macro fungi
Make method, including specimen arrangement, liquid nitrogen flash freezer, be vacuum dried, impregnate, drain, arrange step, specifically include collection fresh, complete
Whole fungus sporophore specimen, remove impurity；Use liquid nitrogen by specimen quick-freezing；Carry out being dried under vacuum to water content by the specimen after quick-freezing
13% ± 1%；By the specimen thorough impregnation after vacuum drying in epoxy resin, until permeating completely；Specimen is taken out, static
Drain；It is dried, arranges preservation.
Chinese patent literature CN104996397A (application number CN201510388033.2), discloses a kind of macro fungi mark
This manufacture method, first macro fungi specimen need to be cleaned by the method, anticorrosion pretreatment, then plastifies with Polyethylene Glycol, plasticizing
After specimen filter paper blot its surface plasticiser, finally with the transparent Lauxite prepared and the macro fungi mark plastified
This merges completely.Chinese patent literature CN104186461A (application number CN201410408360.5), discloses a kind of edible fungi
The manufacture method of specimen, the method mainly uses nature to dry, toast and be dried or specimen is dried by hot air drying, then will
Be dried to the edible fungi plastic bag sealing that water content is 12～14%, put into-20～the cryogenic refrigerator freezing 15 of-40 DEG C～
20d, to reach to kill the purpose of worm's ovum, inserts Riker mount and adds preservative and desiccant etc., after process through radioprotective,
Warehouse-in preservation.
The most several Slide processings are the most comparatively laborious, and the used time is longer, utilize patent documentation CN105325404A or
After although the specimen that CN104996397A makes is indeformable, colour-fast, but specimen uses chemical immersion, organizational structure, one-tenth
Point change, displaying can only be used as and view and admire, be not suitable for the most sampled carrying out the further scientific researches such as Molecular Identification；Utilize
The specimen that document CN104186461A makes, specimen deformation easy to change, and frozen insecticide was for up to 15-20 days, inefficient.
And specimen prepared by above several method is normally only sporophore specimen, processes sporophore the most simultaneously and raw bacterium rod, it is impossible to exhibition
Show the growth conditions that edible fungi is original.
In sum, sample disposal to large edible bacterium all can not reach the most long-term preservation but also keep original shape at present
State, structure and simple and easy to do effect, therefore develop a kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing right and wrong in situ that can solve the problems referred to above
The most necessary.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the manufacture method of a kind of Lentinus Edodes specimen in situ, the method makes
Specimen can reduce Lentinus Edodes growth conditions on bacterium rod to greatest extent, indeformable, invariant color and do not destroy the inside of specimen
Structure.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ, comprises the following steps that
(1) material selects: select the lentinus edodes strain stick of mushroom rod one, bacterium rod intact unbroken, sporophore size base on bacterium rod
This is consistent, the non-parachute-opening of cap, and the factor viewed and admired without impacts such as residual mushroom, inclined mushroom, mould heights, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury；
(2) pre-freeze: lentinus edodes strain stick is put into quick-freezing refrigerator or cold-trap carries out pre-freeze；
(3) vacuum lyophilization: the lentinus edodes strain stick after pre-freeze is put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, condenser temperature drops
During to less than-50 DEG C, start evacuation and be dried, be dried complete, take out specimen；
(4) specimen after being dried is put into bottom and is covered with in the transparent vessel of desiccant, is sealed by container and preserves.
According to currently preferred, in step (2), by lentinus edodes strain stick pre-freeze to less than-40 DEG C, pre-freeze speed-1～-2.5
DEG C/min, pre-freeze time 3-5h.
According to currently preferred, in step (3), in vacuum lyophilization step, including sublimation drying stage and parsing
Drying stage: sublimation drying stage, sublimation temperature-18～-20 DEG C, the time is 10～15h, and pressure is 60～80Pa；Resolve dry
In the dry stage, temperature is 40～45 DEG C, and pressure is 30～50Pa, through long time running, when visual sense sample is completely dried, whole dry
Dry process terminates.
The ultimate principle of vacuum lyophilization is that material is freezing so that it is the moisture content contained becomes ice, the most under vacuo
Make ice distillation reach drying purpose, belong to physics dehydration, including two stages: sublimation drying and parsing-desiccation.Sublimation drying
The also referred to as first stage is dried, and the material after pre-freeze moves at cold-trap the appropriate location of hothouse, and carries out evacuation, add
Heat.Now the ice crystal in material will produce distillation phenomenon, so that material reaches dehydrating effect.And the ice crystal in material is from thing
Material outer surface starts progressively inwardly passage, and the hole under remaining after ice crystal distillation becomes the discharge channel into the steam that distils.
Material about removes about the 90% of whole moisture in the sublimation drying stage.In material, the distillation of ice is to carry out in distillation interface,
Heat required during distillation is typically provided by shelf by firing equipment.Parsing-desiccation is that second stage is dried.At this stage thing
The internal water being difficult to remove possibly together with a part of material combines water, and these moisture are the most frozen, and the depositing of these moisture
Be unfavorable for the storage of freeze-dried material, can cause rotten, go mouldy.And the parsing-desiccation stage is just by most in material
Remove in conjunction with water, to ensure being dried of material, extend storage life.Owing to the absorption energy of this part of water is high, if by them
Therefrom parse, according to energy law, it is necessary to give them and sufficiently high energy is provided, the most now need to continue to add
Heat, but temperature to control below disintegrate temperature.Meanwhile, in order to make the steam parsed have sufficiently high thrust to overflow
Go out product, it is necessary to making the vapour pressure deficit that the inside and outside formation of product is bigger, therefore this stage dryness storehouse planted agent keeps higher vacuum.
Lyophilization is general character principle in two stages, and the distribution with object interior edema is relevant.
According to currently preferred, in step (4), described desiccant is variable color silica gel or anhydrous cupric sulfate.
According to currently preferred, in step (4), the thickness of the desiccant laid in transparent vessel is 3-5cm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Vacuum lyophilization is containing the temperature below wet stock pre-freeze to eutectic point, makes material internal moisture all freeze
Become ice crystal, make the moisture within material be directly sublimed into Properties of Steam by ice crystal state the most under vacuum and from material
Middle distillation effusion, to be dried complete time obtain loose porous dry products.It is at low temperature, close to the condition of vacuum owing to being dried
Under carry out, material keeps original structure substantially, and volume contraction is the least, maintains the original color of material, perfume (or spice), shape to greatest extent
Constant, and water content the most long-term the lowest storage.
The cryodesiccated method is used to make lentinus edodes strain stick in situ specimen, it is to avoid the receipts that direct drying easily occurs
The problems such as contracting, hardening, complexion changed, stem easily lodging, maintain the initial growth state of Lentinus Edodes to greatest extent.It is dried and can get rid of
The moisture of 95%～more than 99%, makes dried product can preserve for a long time and will not go bad.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the specimen finished figure of embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the specimen finished figure of comparative example 1.
Detailed description of the invention:
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme, good effect clearer, by following example to this
Bright further description.In embodiment, the instrumentation step of non-elaborate etc. are all by the cryodesiccated existing skill in this area
Art operates.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ, comprises the following steps that
(1) material selects: select the lentinus edodes strain stick of mushroom rod one, bacterium rod intact unbroken, sporophore size base on bacterium rod
This is consistent, the non-parachute-opening of cap, and the factor viewed and admired without impacts such as residual mushroom, inclined mushroom, mould heights, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury；
(2) pre-freeze: lentinus edodes strain stick is put into cold-trap and carries out pre-freeze, pre-freeze speed-1 DEG C/min, when condenser temperature drop to-
When 50 DEG C, keep 3h.
(3) vacuum lyophilization: the lentinus edodes strain stick after pre-freeze is put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, when condenser temperature drops
Starting evacuation during to less than-50 DEG C to be dried, in the sublimation drying stage, hothouse sublimation temperature is set as-18 DEG C, lyophilizing
Chamber pressure is set as 80Pa, keeps 10h, enters the parsing-desiccation stage, and parsing-desiccation stage hothouse temperature is set as 45 DEG C, freezes
Dry chamber pressure is set as 30Pa, keeps 8h, is dried complete, takes out specimen.
(4) specimen after being dried is put into bottom and is covered with in the glass container of thick layer 3cm variable color silica gel, by glass
Container seals and preserves, and obtains the Lentinus Edodes specimen in situ that condition is intact, keep bacterium rod initial condition, as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ, comprises the following steps that
(1) material selects: select the lentinus edodes strain stick of mushroom rod one, bacterium rod intact unbroken, sporophore size base on bacterium rod
This is consistent, the non-parachute-opening of cap, and the factor viewed and admired without impacts such as residual mushroom, inclined mushroom, mould heights, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury；
(2) pre-freeze: lentinus edodes strain stick is put into deep freezer and carries out pre-freeze, pre-freeze speed-1.5 DEG C/min, temperature drops to-
When 40 DEG C, keep 4h.
(3) vacuum lyophilization: the lentinus edodes strain stick after pre-freeze is put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, when condenser temperature drops
Starting evacuation during to less than-50 DEG C to be dried, in the sublimation drying stage, sublimation temperature is set as-19 DEG C, cryodesiccation chamber's pressure
Being set as 70Pa, keep 12h, entering the parsing-desiccation stage, adsorption stripping and dry phase temperature is set as 43 DEG C, and cryodesiccation chamber's pressure sets
For 40Pa, keep 12h, be dried complete, take out specimen.
(4) specimen after being dried is put into bottom and is covered with in the glass container of thick layer 3cm variable color silica gel, by glass
Container seals and preserves, and obtains the Lentinus Edodes specimen in situ that condition is intact, keep bacterium rod initial condition.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ, comprises the following steps that
(1) material selects: select the lentinus edodes strain stick of mushroom rod one, bacterium rod intact unbroken, sporophore size base on bacterium rod
This is consistent, the non-parachute-opening of cap, and the factor viewed and admired without impacts such as residual mushroom, inclined mushroom, mould heights, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury；
(2) pre-freeze: lentinus edodes strain stick being put into cold-trap and carries out pre-freeze, pre-freeze speed-2.5 DEG C/min, when condenser temperature drops
During to-50 DEG C, keep 5h.
(3) vacuum lyophilization: the lentinus edodes strain stick after pre-freeze is put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, starts evacuation and enters
Row is dried, and in the sublimation drying stage, sublimation temperature is set as-20 DEG C, and cryodesiccation chamber's pressure is set as 60Pa, keeps 15h, enters and solves
Analysis drying stage, adsorption stripping and dry phase temperature is set as 40 DEG C, and cryodesiccation chamber's pressure is set as 50Pa, keeps 15h, is dried complete,
Take out specimen.
(4) specimen after being dried is put into bottom and is covered with in the glass container of thick layer 5cm anhydrous cupric sulfate, by glass
Glass container seals and preserves, and obtains the Lentinus Edodes specimen in situ that condition is intact, keep bacterium rod initial condition.
Comparative example 1:
Hot air drying makes Lentinus Edodes specimen in situ
1. material selects: selecting the lentinus edodes strain stick of mushroom rod one, on bacterium rod intact unbroken, bacterium rod, sporophore size is basic
Unanimously, the non-parachute-opening of cap, the factor viewed and admired without the impact such as residual mushroom, inclined mushroom, mould height, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury.
2. hot air drying: lentinus edodes strain stick is put into baking oven, temperature 60 C, dries 48h.
3. the lentinus edodes strain stick dried through 48h, sporophore part parachute-opening, cap shrinkage, stem bending lodging, it is impossible to keep former
There is form, as shown in Figure 2.
Comparative example 2:
A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ, as described in Example 1, difference is its step, in step (2), pre-freeze
Speed-4 DEG C/min, step (3) sublimation drying phase temperature is set as-10 DEG C, and pressure is 30Pa, keeps 20h, adsorption stripping and dry rank
Duan Wendu is set as 50 DEG C, and pressure is set as 15Pa, keeps 20h, and the specimen sporophore surface shrinkage injustice obtained fails to keep
Original form.
Comparative example 3:
A kind of Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ, as described in Example 1, difference is its step, in step (2), pre-freeze
Speed-6 DEG C/min, step (3) whole freeze-drying process parameter keeps constant: pressure is set as that 15Pa, temperature of heating plate are set as
50 degrees Celsius, keeping 48h, the specimen sporophore surface shrinkage injustice obtained fails to keep original form.
Claims (5)
1. a Lentinus Edodes Slide processing in situ, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that
(1) material selects: select the lentinus edodes strain stick of mushroom rod one, bacterium rod intact unbroken, sporophore size basic one on bacterium rod
Causing, the non-parachute-opening of cap, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury；
(2) pre-freeze: lentinus edodes strain stick is carried out pre-freeze；
(3) vacuum lyophilization: the lentinus edodes strain stick after pre-freeze is put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, condenser temperature is down to-50
Start evacuation time below DEG C to be dried, be dried complete, take out specimen；
(4) specimen after being dried is put into bottom and is covered with in the transparent vessel of desiccant, is sealed by container and preserves.
Lentinus Edodes the most according to claim 1 Slide processing in situ, it is characterised in that in step (2), by lentinus edodes strain stick
Pre-freeze extremely less than-40 DEG C, pre-freeze speed-1～-2.5 DEG C/min, pre-freeze time 3-5h.
Lentinus Edodes the most according to claim 1 Slide processing in situ, it is characterised in that in step (3), vacuum freezing is done
In dry step, including sublimation drying stage and parsing drying stage: sublimation drying stage, sublimation temperature-18～-20 DEG C, time
Being 10～15h, pressure is 60～80Pa；In the parsing-desiccation stage, temperature is 40～45 DEG C, and pressure is set as 30～50Pa, through length
Time operates, and when visual sense sample is completely dried, whole dry run terminates.
Lentinus Edodes the most according to claim 1 Slide processing in situ, it is characterised in that in step (4), described desiccant
For variable color silica gel or anhydrous cupric sulfate.
Lentinus Edodes the most according to claim 1 Slide processing in situ, it is characterised in that in step (4), in transparent vessel
The thickness of the desiccant laid is 3-5cm.
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| CN201610497578.1A CN106106435B (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | A kind of mushroom original position Slide processing |
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| CN201610497578.1A CN106106435B (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | A kind of mushroom original position Slide processing |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108566946A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-25 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of plant specimen production method |
| CN109222150A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-18 | 贺州学院 | A kind of drying and bacteria reducing method of the spouted freeze-dried type stem of ultrasonic combined microwave |
| CN111742920A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-09 | 西南林业大学 | Compound liquid for preparing edible fungus specimen and preparation method |
| CN113951252A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-21 | 广东省科学院微生物研究所(广东省微生物分析检测中心) | Method for manufacturing macro fungus original state glue dripping specimen |
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| CN105325404A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 陕西省微生物研究所 | Manufacturing method of large-size fungus specimen |
| CN105594689A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-05-25 | 雷印平 | Lentinula edodes humid preparation producing and preserving method |
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| CN104186461A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 中华全国供销合作总社昆明食用菌研究所 | Preparation method of edible fungus specimen |
| CN105594689A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-05-25 | 雷印平 | Lentinula edodes humid preparation producing and preserving method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108566946A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-25 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of plant specimen production method |
| CN109222150A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-18 | 贺州学院 | A kind of drying and bacteria reducing method of the spouted freeze-dried type stem of ultrasonic combined microwave |
| CN111742920A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-09 | 西南林业大学 | Compound liquid for preparing edible fungus specimen and preparation method |
| CN113951252A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-21 | 广东省科学院微生物研究所(广东省微生物分析检测中心) | Method for manufacturing macro fungus original state glue dripping specimen |
| CN113951252B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-03-07 | 广东省科学院微生物研究所(广东省微生物分析检测中心) | Method for manufacturing macro fungus original state glue dripping specimen |
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