CN106070188A - A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing - Google Patents
A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN106070188A CN106070188A CN201610498181.4A CN201610498181A CN106070188A CN 106070188 A CN106070188 A CN 106070188A CN 201610498181 A CN201610498181 A CN 201610498181A CN 106070188 A CN106070188 A CN 106070188A
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- pleurotus eryngii
- sporophore
- bacterium rod
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing, belong to edible fungus specimen and make field, its step includes: select Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod；Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is completely taken off by bacterium rod, base portion sporophore is emptied to wall thickness 6～8mm；Bacterium rod is put into freeze drying box and is dried after sporophore pre-freeze, is dried and terminates to be bonded together bacterium rod by original state with sporophore, put into bottom be covered with in the transparent vessel of one layer of desiccant, finally by container sealing, obtain the Pleurotus eryngii specimen that condition is intact.The method of the present invention uses cryodesiccated method to make Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod specimen in situ, avoid the problems such as contraction that direct drying easily occurs, hardening, complexion changed, stem easily lodging, the initial growth state of Pleurotus eryngii can be kept to greatest extent, the dry moisture that can get rid of 95%～more than 99%, makes dried product can preserve for a long time and will not go bad.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing, belong to edible fungus specimen and make field.
Background technology
Edible fungus specimen is requisite material object in edible fungi teaching and research, and it has in teaching intuitively, is not subject to
The feature that time, space limit.Pleurotus eryngii, as a kind of large edible fungus, is deep rare by consuming the one liked in recent years
Edible fungi, has water content big, the most rotten, the most infested, has and acquire a certain degree of difficulty in sample disposal, preservation.Tradition is large-scale
Fungus shows that the manufacture method of specimen mainly uses dipping and drying two kinds of methods, and dipping specimen must be saved in containing first for a long time
In the volatile preservation liquid such as aldehyde, ethanol, glacial acetic acid, but formalin dipping specimen, easy corrosion specimen body, specimen easily takes off
Color, preserves liquid the most muddy, and formaldehyde is volatile, harmful.Common dry preserved specimen uses Exposure to Sunlight, the side dried or air-dry
Specimen is dried process by method, though simple and easy to do but its form and color vary widely, it is impossible to keep original form.
Chinese patent literature CN105325404A (application number 201510828019.X), discloses the system of a kind of macro fungi
Make method, including specimen arrangement, liquid nitrogen flash freezer, be vacuum dried, impregnate, drain, arrange step, specifically include collection fresh, complete
Whole fungus sporophore specimen, remove impurity；Use liquid nitrogen by specimen quick-freezing；Carry out being dried under vacuum to water content by the specimen after quick-freezing
13% ± 1%；By the specimen thorough impregnation after vacuum drying in epoxy resin, until permeating completely；Specimen is taken out, static
Drain；It is dried, arranges preservation.
Chinese patent literature CN104996397A (application number CN201510388033.2), discloses a kind of macro fungi mark
This manufacture method, first macro fungi specimen is cleaned by the method, anticorrosion pretreatment, then plastifies, after plasticizing with Polyethylene Glycol
Specimen filter paper blot its surface plasticiser, finally by the transparent Lauxite prepared and the macro fungi specimen plastified
Merge completely.Chinese patent literature CN104186461A (application number CN201410408360.5), discloses a kind of edible fungi mark
This manufacture method, the method mainly uses nature to dry, toast and be dried or specimen is dried by hot air drying, then will do
Dry to the edible fungi plastic bag sealing that water content is 12～14%, put into the cryogenic refrigerator freezing 15～20d of-20～-40 DEG C,
To reach to kill the purpose of worm's ovum, insert Riker mount and add preservative and desiccant etc., after process through radioprotective, warehouse-in
Preservation.
The most several Slide processings are the most comparatively laborious, and the used time is longer, utilize patent documentation CN105325404A or
After although the specimen that CN104996397A makes is indeformable, colour-fast, but specimen uses chemical immersion, organizational structure, one-tenth
Point change, displaying can only be used as and view and admire, be not suitable for the most sampled carrying out the further scientific researches such as Molecular Identification；Utilize
The specimen deformation easy to change that profit document CN104186461A makes, and frozen insecticide was for up to 15-20 days, inefficient.And
Specimen prepared by above several method is normally only sporophore specimen, processes sporophore the most simultaneously and raw bacterium rod, it is impossible to shows
The growth conditions that edible fungi is original.In sum, sample disposal to large edible bacterium all can not reach to preserve for a long time at present
Keeping again the effect of original form, therefore developing a kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing in situ that can solve the problems referred to above is very
Necessary.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the manufacture method of a kind of Pleurotus eryngii specimen in situ, the party's legal system
The specimen made can reduce Pleurotus eryngii growth conditions on bacterium rod to greatest extent, indeformable, invariant color and do not destroy specimen
Internal structure.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing, comprises the following steps that
(1) material selects: select sporophore quantity 2-3, size base on typical growth, bacterium rod intact unbroken, bacterium rod
This Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod consistent, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury makes specimen；
(2) pretreatment: because Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is thicker, be difficult to lyophilizing, so in advance by Pleurotus eryngii sporophore
Completely taken off by bacterium rod, base portion sporophore is emptied；
(3) pre-freeze: Pleurotus eryngii sporophore and bacterium rod are put into quick-freezing refrigerator or cold-trap carries out pre-freeze；
(4) vacuum lyophilization: the Pleurotus eryngii sporophore after pre-freeze and bacterium rod are put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, when
Condenser temperature is down to start evacuation when less than-50 DEG C and is vacuum dried, and is dried complete, takes out specimen；
(5) the Pleurotus eryngii sporophore after being dried sticks together by original state with bacterium rod glue, puts into bottom and is covered with
In the transparent vessel of desiccant, container is sealed and preserves.
According to currently preferred, in step (2), base portion sporophore is emptied to wall thickness 6-8mm.
According to currently preferred, in step (3), during pre-freeze, pre-freeze is to less than-40 DEG C, and pre-freeze speed-0.5～-2 DEG C/
Min, pre-freeze time 4-6h.
According to currently preferred, in step (4), in vacuum lyophilization step, including sublimation drying stage and parsing
Drying stage, sublimation drying phase temperature is-15～-18 DEG C, and vacuum is 60-80Pa, and the time is 12～15h；Parsing-desiccation
Phase temperature is 50-55 DEG C, and vacuum is 20～40Pa, through long time running, when visual sense sample is completely dried, whole dry
Process terminates.
According to currently preferred, in step (5), described desiccant is variable color silica gel or anhydrous cupric sulfate.
According to currently preferred, in step (5), bottom transparent vessel, the thickness of desiccant is 3-5cm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Vacuum lyophilization is containing the temperature below wet stock pre-freeze to eutectic point, makes material internal moisture all freeze
Become ice crystal, make the moisture within material be directly sublimed into Properties of Steam by ice crystal state the most under vacuum and from material
Middle distillation effusion, to be dried complete time obtain loose porous dry products.It is at low temperature, close to the condition of vacuum owing to being dried
Under carry out, material keeps original structure substantially, and volume contraction is the least, maintains the original color of material, perfume (or spice), shape to greatest extent
Constant, and water content the most long-term the lowest storage.
The cryodesiccated method is used to make Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod in situ specimen, it is to avoid direct drying easily occurs
Contraction, hardening, complexion changed, stem easily lodge the problems such as bending, can keep the initial growth state of Pleurotus eryngii to greatest extent, be dried
The moisture of 95%～more than 99% can be got rid of, make dried product can preserve for a long time and will not go bad.
Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is emptied and is carried out lyophilizing again by the present invention in advance, on the premise of keeping sporophore shape constant,
It is substantially shorter drying time.
Detailed description of the invention:
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme, good effect clearer, by following example to this
Bright further description.In embodiment, the instrumentation step of non-elaborate etc. are all by the cryodesiccated existing skill in this area
Art operates.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing, comprises the following steps that
(1) material selects: select sporophore quantity 2-3, size base on typical growth, bacterium rod intact unbroken, bacterium rod
This Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod consistent, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury makes specimen；
(2) pretreatment: Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is completely taken off by bacterium rod, base portion sporophore is emptied to wall thickness
6mm；
(3) pre-freeze: Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod and sporophore are put into cold-trap and carries out pre-freeze, pre-freeze speed-0.5 DEG C/min, when
When condenser temperature drops to-50 DEG C, keep 4h；
(4) vacuum lyophilization: the Pleurotus eryngii sporophore after pre-freeze and bacterium rod are put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, opens
Beginning evacuation is dried, and in the sublimation drying stage, hothouse temperature is set as-15 DEG C, and pressure is set as 80Pa, keeps 12h,
Entering back into the parsing-desiccation stage, hothouse temperature is set as 50 DEG C, and pressure is set as 30Pa, keeps 12h, is dried complete, takes out
Specimen；
(5) sporophore after being dried sticks together by original state with bacterium rod glue, puts into bottom and is covered with thick layer
In the glass container of 3cm variable color silica gel, container is sealed and preserves, obtain the intact Pleurotus eryngii of condition specimen in situ.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing, comprises the following steps that
(1) material selects: select sporophore quantity 2-3, size base on typical growth, bacterium rod intact unbroken, bacterium rod
This Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod consistent, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury makes specimen；
(2) pretreatment: Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is completely taken off by bacterium rod, base portion sporophore is emptied to wall thickness
7mm；
(3) pre-freeze: Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod and sporophore are put into cold-trap and carries out pre-freeze, pre-freeze speed-1.5 DEG C/min, when
When condenser temperature drops to-40 DEG C, keep 5h；
(4) vacuum lyophilization: the Pleurotus eryngii sporophore after pre-freeze and bacterium rod are put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, opens
Beginning evacuation is dried, and in the sublimation drying stage, hothouse temperature controls at-16 DEG C, and pressure is set as 70Pa, keeps 15h,
Entering the parsing-desiccation stage, hothouse temperature controls at 52 DEG C, and pressure is set as 20Pa, keeps 15h, is dried and terminates, and takes out mark
This；
(5) sporophore after being dried sticks together by original state with bacterium rod glue, puts into bottom and is covered with thick layer
In the glass container of 5cm variable color silica gel, container is sealed and preserves, obtain the intact Pleurotus eryngii of condition specimen in situ.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing, comprises the following steps that
(1) material selects: select sporophore quantity 2-3, size base on typical growth, bacterium rod intact unbroken, bacterium rod
This Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod consistent, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury makes specimen；
(2) pretreatment: Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is completely taken off by bacterium rod, base portion sporophore is emptied to wall thickness
8mm；
(3) pre-freeze: Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod and sporophore are put into cold-trap and carries out pre-freeze, pre-freeze speed-2.0 DEG C/min, when
When condenser temperature drops to-50 DEG C, keep 6h；
(4) vacuum lyophilization: the Pleurotus eryngii sporophore after pre-freeze and bacterium rod are put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, opens
Beginning evacuation is dried, and in the sublimation drying stage, hothouse temperature is set as-18 DEG C, and cryodesiccation chamber's pressure is set as 60Pa, protects
Holding 15h, enter the parsing-desiccation stage, parsing-desiccation temperature is set as 55 DEG C, and cryodesiccation chamber's pressure is set as 40Pa, keeps 15h, dry
Dryness accumulated in the stomach and intestine bundle, takes out specimen；
(5) sporophore after being dried sticks together by original state with bacterium rod glue, puts into bottom and is covered with thick layer
In the glass container of 3cm anhydrous cupric sulfate, container is sealed and preserves, obtain the intact Pleurotus eryngii of condition specimen in situ.
Comparative example 1
A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing, comprises the following steps that
(1) material selects: select sporophore quantity 2-3, size base on typical growth, bacterium rod intact unbroken, bacterium rod
This Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod consistent, without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury makes specimen；
(2) pre-freeze: Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod and sporophore are put into cold-trap and carries out pre-freeze, pre-freeze speed-2.0 DEG C/min, when
When condenser temperature drops to-70 DEG C, keep 6h；
(3) vacuum lyophilization: the Pleurotus eryngii sporophore after pre-freeze and bacterium rod are put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, opens
Beginning evacuation is dried, and in the sublimation drying stage, sublimation drying temperature is set as-20 DEG C, and cryodesiccation chamber's pressure is set as 60Pa,
Keeping 24h, enter the parsing-desiccation stage, parsing-desiccation temperature is set as 50 DEG C, and cryodesiccation chamber's pressure is set as 30Pa, keeps 24h.
It is dried and terminates, take out specimen；
(4) the Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod after being dried, places two days later, and sporophore starts catastrophic collapse, stem bending, top
Jaundice is serious, fails to keep original form.Illustrate that sporophore does not still parch after up to the lyophilizing of 48 hours.
Comparative example 2:
Hot air drying makes Pleurotus eryngii specimen in situ
1. material selects: selecting sporophore quantity 2-3 on typical growth, bacterium rod intact unbroken, bacterium rod, size is basic
Unanimously, the Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod without pest and disease damage and mechanical injury makes specimen.
2. hot air drying: Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod is put into baking oven, temperature 60 C, dries 72h.
3. the Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod dried through 72h, sporophore shrinkage, jaundice, it is impossible to keep original form.
Comparative example 3
A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing, as described in Example 1, difference is its step, in step (3), pre-freeze speed
Rate-5 DEG C/min, step (4) sublimation drying stage parameter keeps constant, the parsing-desiccation stage: temperature of heating plate is set as 45 DEG C,
Pressure is set as 15Pa, keeps 48h, and the specimen sporophore surface shrinkage obtained is uneven, top jaundice fails to keep original form.
Claims (6)
1. a Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that
(1) material selects: select sporophore quantity 2-3 on typical growth, bacterium rod intact unbroken, bacterium rod, without pest and disease damage with
The Pleurotus eryngii bacterium rod of mechanical injury makes specimen；
(2) pretreatment: in advance Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is completely taken off by bacterium rod, base portion sporophore is emptied；
(3) pre-freeze: Pleurotus eryngii sporophore and bacterium rod are carried out pre-freeze；
(4) vacuum lyophilization: the Pleurotus eryngii sporophore after pre-freeze and bacterium rod are put into the hothouse of freezer dryer, cold-trap temperature
When degree is down to less than-50 DEG C, starts evacuation and be vacuum dried, be dried complete, take out specimen；
(5) the Pleurotus eryngii sporophore after being dried sticks together by original state with bacterium rod glue, puts into bottom and is covered with dry
In the transparent vessel of agent, container is sealed and preserves.
Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), by base portion, son is real
Body is emptied to wall thickness 6-8mm.
Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), pre-freeze during pre-freeze
To less than-40 DEG C, pre-freeze speed-0.5～-2 DEG C/min, pre-freeze time 4-6h.
Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4), vacuum lyophilization
In step, including the sublimation drying stage with resolve drying stage, in the sublimation drying stage, hothouse temperature is-15～-18 DEG C, very
Reciprocal of duty cycle is 60-80Pa, and the time is 12～15h；In the parsing-desiccation stage, hothouse temperature is 50-55 DEG C, vacuum be 20～
40Pa, through long time running, when visual sense sample is completely dried, whole dry run terminates.
Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (5), described desiccant is
Variable color silica gel or anhydrous cupric sulfate.
Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (5), bottom transparent vessel
The thickness of desiccant is 3-5cm.
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| CN201610498181.4A CN106070188B (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing |
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| CN201610498181.4A CN106070188B (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | A kind of Pleurotus eryngii Slide processing |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186461A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 中华全国供销合作总社昆明食用菌研究所 | Preparation method of edible fungus specimen |
| CN105325404A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 陕西省微生物研究所 | Manufacturing method of large-size fungus specimen |
| CN105594689A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-05-25 | 雷印平 | Lentinula edodes humid preparation producing and preserving method |
-
2016
- 2016-06-29 CN CN201610498181.4A patent/CN106070188B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186461A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-10 | 中华全国供销合作总社昆明食用菌研究所 | Preparation method of edible fungus specimen |
| CN105594689A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-05-25 | 雷印平 | Lentinula edodes humid preparation producing and preserving method |
| CN105325404A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 陕西省微生物研究所 | Manufacturing method of large-size fungus specimen |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李海泉 等: "红色花标本保存技术研究", 《中国现代中药》 * |
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