CN106105795A - A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oil tea - Google Patents
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oil tea Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention provides the method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea, belongs to technical field of agricultural product process.The method carried out fertilizer treatment to elite stand before band girdle, including band girdle front root fertilising in 6 months, 4 months front foliage fertilizers, before 3 months, branch and leaf were sprayed compound sodium nitrophenolate, before 2 months, branch and leaf were sprayed paclobutrazol, additionally use the special substrate of taking root for band girdle mouth, it it is to be prepared by the raw material of following weight portion: acid-sludge 52 70 parts, 80 100 parts of lichen, yellow mud bar 100 120 parts, modified plant ash 20 30 parts, 35 parts of calcium phosphate, CPPU 0.002 0.003 parts, indolebutyric acid 0.001 0.002 parts, paclobutrazol 0.001 0.002 parts.The present invention is cooperated by above-mentioned steps, influences each other, thus reduces bending pruning to the damage of oil tea elite stand, time of shortening bending pruning nursery, and make to take root sturdy, plantation survival rate is high.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural product process, be specifically related to the method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea.
[background technology]
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel) is that in Theaceae Camellia, seed oil content is high, and has relatively Gao Sheng
Produce the oil species being worth, be the regional important woody oleiferous plants economic tree of south China, have another name called tea oil tree or camellia oleosa seed tree, with oil
Fructus Canarii albi, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Cortex cocois radicis the referred to as big woody oil tree species in the world four.Oil tea root system is more flourishing, impoverishment tolerant soil, Adaptable growth model
Enclose wide, marginal land can be made full use of and grow, be the fine tree species that have both with ecological benefits of economic benefit, and exquisite tea
Unsaturated fatty acid content in oil is up to more than 90%, significantly larger than the content of unsaturated fatty acid in the olive oil of high-quality.
Tea main body of oil is oleic acid and linoleic acid, simultaneously possibly together with high price unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin such as a small amount of linolenic acid
A, vitamin E.Oleum Camelliae also has preferably health care and medical function, and the beneficiating ingredient wherein contained easily is absorbed by the body, and eats for a long time
Have more significant effect with for reduction human serum cholesterol, also have prevention and the specially good effect for the treatment of cardiovascular disease simultaneously,
People can be alleviated obtain the linolenic acid in the probability of arteriosclerosis, especially oil tea and there is vessel softening, reduce blood fat and taste
Mend the effect refreshed oneself.In view of the Oleum Camelliae all beneficial functionals to human body, it is classified as what whole world emphasis was promoted by international food and agricultural organization
The senior edible vegetable oil of health type.Thus, the exploitation development prospect of oil tea is had an optimistic view of, and its breeding concerns economic benefit
An important ring, therefore, is extremely necessary the study on reproduction of oil tea.
The mode of the breeding of oil tea has cuttage, grafting, bending pruning.Wherein bending pruning is the branch selecting healthy and strong oil tea elite stand,
Branch base portion is ring-type peels, and adds the fertilizer ring bag place of cutting with fertile soil and tightens, and treats that ring is cut director Xin Gen and transplanted breeding, this side again
Method is only suitable for the Camellia sinensis that the age of tree is bigger, and there will be damage bending pruning elite stand, grows the problem that sizing is slower.
[summary of the invention]
The goal of the invention of the present invention is: for the problem of above-mentioned existence, it is provided that the method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea, the present invention
Method before bending pruning, elite stand is systematically topdressed growth promoting have developed and adapt to the dedicated substrate taken root of oil tea, employing section
Learn, the bending pruning method for culturing seedlings of system, reduces bending pruning to the damage of elite stand, time of shortening bending pruning nursery, and take root sturdy, plant
Plant survival rate high.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea, comprises the following steps:
(1) oil tea elite stand fertilising: first 6 months of clip cuttage branch, topdresses once to oil tea elite stand root, clip cuttage branch
Oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed a foliage fertilizer by first 4 months of bar；
(2) oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed 1 compound sodium nitrophenolate by the process of oil tea elite stand: first 3 months of clip cuttage branch；
Oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed 1 paclobutrazol by first 2 months of clip cuttage branch；
(3) side shoot band girdle processes: before cuttage 40-50 days, chooses annual above side shoot on oil tea elite stand and carries out ring-type
Peeling forms band girdle mouth, after sterilizing band girdle mouth, then smears with ABT root-inducing powder, places 2-3 hour, by substrate of taking root after smearing
Band girdle mouth is covered and fully wrapped around, then wraps, with thin film, substrate of taking root；
(4) cuttage secateurs takes and processes: until step 3) band girdle mouth be disposed after 40-45 days, can take root by clip
Side shoot is used for cuttage, clip side shoot, and otch sterilization is cuttage branch；
(5) seedbed prepares and cuttage: complete the thick cutting medium of 30-40cm on seedbed, on the seedbed completing substrate
Dig the implantation hole that the degree of depth is 15-25cm, cuttage stem cutting is entered implantation hole, crowd around and water permeable with cutting medium backfill；
(6) cutting seedling management: carry out after cuttage is complete watering, weeding, fertilising, seedling exercising is until going out garden and transplanting；
Described substrate of taking root is prepared by the raw material of following weight portion: acid-sludge 52-70 part, lichen 80-100 part, yellow mud bar
100-120 part, modified plant ash 20-30 part, calcium phosphate 3-5 part, CPPU 0.002-0.003 part, indolebutyric acid 0.001-
0.002 part, paclobutrazol 0.001-0.002 part；Described modified plant ash is to be mixed with 2-3 part calcium nitrate by 20-30 part plant ash
Stirring 10-15min obtains.
Preferably, substrate of taking root described in prepares by the following method: to CPPU 0.002-0.003 part, indolebutyric acid
0.001-0.002 part, adds 10 parts of water and mixes to obtain regulator, yellow mud, acid-sludge are added water fully in paclobutrazol 0.001-0.002 part
Moistening, then adds described regulator mix homogeneously in yellow mud, acid-sludge mixture, adds modified plant ash, calcium phosphate mixes
Close uniform nutrient, take 50-80g nutrient during use and be wrapped in band girdle mouth, then by one layer of lichen of nutrient outer wrapping i.e.
Become substrate of taking root.
Preferably, described cutting medium is to use different raw material layering place mat to prepare: bottom is 10-12cm thickness nitre
Soil, middle level is 15-20cm thickness hack earth, and upper strata is 5-8cm thickness Vermiculitum.
Preferably, the sterilization of described step (3) and step (4) all uses disinfectant solution to smear, described disinfectant solution be by
Dislike dilute with water 80 after withered spirit and Prochloraz mix according to 1:5-6 to make again.
Preferably, the foliage fertilizer in described step (1) is high nitrogen type foliage fertilizer, wherein N, P2O5, the content of K be respectively 26-
28%, 18-20%, 15-16%.
Preferably, the concentration of the compound sodium nitrophenolate in described step (2) is 30-40mg/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the paclobutrazol in described step (2) is 30-40mg/L.
Preferably, the root-inducing powder in described step (3) uses vaseline to be used further to smear band girdle mouth after being deployed into emulsus.
In sum, owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the method for culturing seedlings of the present invention, carried out fertilizer treatment to oil tea elite stand before band girdle, front including band girdle 6 months
Root applies fertilizer, and 4 months front foliage fertilizers, branch and leaf sprays before 3 months compound sodium nitrophenolate, paclobutrazol, first applies fertilizer root, especially
By sealing fertilizer, supplement in soil a great number of elements such as N/P/K；Subsequently by spraying foliage fertilizer, make up root absorption nutrition
Not enough；Again by using the promotion sprouting of compound sodium nitrophenolate breaking dormancy, make shoot growth healthy and strong, after the growth of month, then
The process of paclobutrazol, can suppress bud differentiation, makes branch accumulate nutrition, thus is easier to after band girdle take root；The present invention also develops
For the special substrate of taking root of band girdle mouth, wherein yellow mud bar, modified plant ash, calcium phosphate are all important nutrient sources, through changing
Plant ash adaptability after property is wider, and nutrition is not easy to lose；CPPU can promote to sprout, and indolebutyric acid and paclobutrazol can promote
Take root；Acid-sludge is the by-product producing edible rice vinegar, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other multiple elements required for plant growing, with
Time there is the good characteristics such as lightweight, clean, loose, permeability is good, can overcome the disadvantages that yellow mud viscosity is strong, bad the lacking of breathability
Point；Lichen, for substrate outermost layer, plays the effect of water conservation moisturizing；The Multiple components taken root in substrate cooperates, and can make ring
Taking root at stripping mouth fast, root hair is the most sturdy.Above-mentioned steps cooperates, and influences each other, thus reduces bending pruning to oil tea elite stand
Damage, the time of shortening bending pruning nursery, and make sturdy, plantation survival rate height of taking root.
2, the disinfectant solution in the present invention is by disliking withered spirit and Prochloraz mixture is made, and has preferable disinfection effect, uses
After processing band girdle mouth and sheared edge, can guarantee that otch does not receive disease invasion and attack, reduce the generation of putrefactive phenomenon.The present invention is at band girdle
The foliage fertilizer used before 4 months is high nitrogen type foliage fertilizer, is more suitable for the growth demand of branch and leaf.
[detailed description of the invention]
In order to more clearly express the present invention, below by way of specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea, comprises the following steps:
(1) oil tea elite stand fertilising: choose the tea oil tree of more than the 4 years age of trees as elite stand, first 6 months of clip cuttage branch,
Topdress a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to oil tea elite stand root, and 8kg is executed in every strain；First 4 months of clip cuttage branch, to oil tea elite stand branch
Foliar spray executes a high nitrogen type foliage fertilizer, it is desirable to N, P in foliage fertilizer2O5, the content of K be respectively 26%, 18%, 15%；
(2) process of oil tea elite stand: first 3 months of clip cuttage branch, oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed 1 concentration is
The compound sodium nitrophenolate of 30mg/L；First 2 months of clip cuttage branch, oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed 1 concentration is 30mg/L paclobutrazol；
(3) side shoot band girdle processes: first 40 days of cuttage, chooses annual above side shoot on oil tea elite stand and carries out girding
Form band girdle mouth, after band girdle mouth is sterilized, then smear with ABT root-inducing powder, place 2 hours after smearing, by substrate of taking root by band girdle
Mouth covers and fully wrapped around, then wraps, with thin film, substrate of taking root；Wherein, sterilization refers to use disinfectant solution to carry out band girdle mouth
Smearing, this disinfectant solution is made again by disliking dilute with water 80 after withered spirit and Prochloraz mix according to 1:5；
(4) cuttage secateurs takes and processes: until step 3) band girdle mouth is disposed latter 40 days, and can the side shoot taken root of clip
For cuttage, clip side shoot, otch disinfectant solution is carried out smearing sterilization, disinfectant solution used be by dislike withered spirit and Prochloraz according to
After 1:5 mixing, dilute with water 80 is made again；
(5) seedbed prepares and cuttage: completing the thick cutting medium of 30cm on seedbed, wherein bottom is the nitre that 10cm is thick
Soil, middle level is the thick broken soil of 15cm, and upper strata is the Vermiculitum that 5cm is thick；Digging the degree of depth on the seedbed complete substrate is 15-25cm's
Implantation hole, enters implantation hole by cuttage stem cutting, crowds around and water permeable with cutting medium backfill；
(6) cutting seedling management: carry out after cuttage is complete watering, weeding, fertilising, seedling exercising is until going out garden and transplanting；
Wherein, substrate of taking root is prepared by the raw material of following weight portion: acid-sludge 52 parts, 80 parts of lichen, and yellow mud bar 100 parts changes
Property plant ash 20 parts, 3 parts of calcium phosphate, CPPU 0.002 part, indolebutyric acid 0.001 part, paclobutrazol 0.001 part；Described modified grass
Wood ash is 20 parts of plant ash and 2 parts of calcium nitrate mix and blend 10min to be obtained.Substrate of taking root manufacturing process is: to CPPU
0.002 part, indolebutyric acid 0.001 part, paclobutrazol 0.001 part adds 10 parts of water and mixes to obtain regulator, yellow mud, acid-sludge are added water
Fully moistening, then adds described regulator mix homogeneously in yellow mud, acid-sludge mixture, adds modified plant ash, phosphoric acid
Calcium mix homogeneously obtains nutrient, takes 50g nutrient and be wrapped in band girdle mouth during use, then by one layer of lichen of nutrient outer wrapping i.e.
Become substrate of taking root.
Embodiment 2
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea, comprises the following steps:
(1) oil tea elite stand fertilising: choose the tea oil tree of more than the 4 years age of trees as elite stand, first 6 months of clip cuttage branch,
Topdress a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to oil tea elite stand root, and 8kg is executed in every strain；First 4 months of clip cuttage branch, to oil tea elite stand branch
Foliar spray executes a high nitrogen type foliage fertilizer, it is desirable to N, P in foliage fertilizer2O5, the content of K be respectively 28%, 20%, 16%；
(2) process of oil tea elite stand: first 3 months of clip cuttage branch, oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed 1 concentration is
The compound sodium nitrophenolate of 40mg/L；First 2 months of clip cuttage branch, oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed 1 concentration is 40mg/L paclobutrazol；
(3) side shoot band girdle processes: first 50 days of cuttage, chooses annual above side shoot on oil tea elite stand and carries out girding
Form band girdle mouth, after band girdle mouth is sterilized, then be used further to smear band girdle mouth after being deployed into emulsus with ABT root-inducing powder vaseline and be coated with
Smearing, place 3 hours after smearing, with taking root, band girdle mouth is covered and fully wrapped around by substrate, then wraps, with thin film, substrate of taking root；
Wherein, sterilization refers to use disinfectant solution to smear band girdle mouth, and this disinfectant solution is by disliking withered spirit and Prochloraz according to 1:6 mixing
Rear dilute with water 80 is made again；
(4) cuttage secateurs takes and processes: until step 3) band girdle mouth is disposed latter 45 days, and can the side shoot taken root of clip
For cuttage, clip side shoot, otch disinfectant solution is carried out smearing sterilization, disinfectant solution used be by dislike withered spirit and Prochloraz according to
After 1:6 mixing, dilute with water 80 is made again；
(5) seedbed prepares and cuttage: completing the thick cutting medium of 40cm on seedbed, wherein bottom is the nitre that 12cm is thick
Soil, middle level is the thick broken soil of 0cm, and upper strata is the Vermiculitum that 8cm is thick；Digging the degree of depth on the seedbed complete substrate is 15-25cm's
Implantation hole, enters implantation hole by cuttage stem cutting, crowds around and water permeable with cutting medium backfill；
(6) cutting seedling management: carry out after cuttage is complete watering, weeding, fertilising, seedling exercising is until going out garden and transplanting；
Wherein, substrate of taking root is prepared by the raw material of following weight portion: acid-sludge 70 parts, 100 parts of lichen, and yellow mud bar 120 parts changes
Property plant ash 30 parts, 5 parts of calcium phosphate, CPPU 0.003 part, indolebutyric acid 0.002 part, paclobutrazol 0.002 part；Described modified grass
Wood ash is 30 parts of plant ash and 3 parts of calcium nitrate mix and blend 15min to be obtained.Substrate of taking root manufacturing process is: to CPPU
0.003 part, indolebutyric acid 0.002 part, paclobutrazol 0.002 part adds 10 parts of water and mixes to obtain regulator, yellow mud, acid-sludge are added water
Fully moistening, then adds described regulator mix homogeneously in yellow mud, acid-sludge mixture, adds modified plant ash, phosphoric acid
Calcium mix homogeneously obtains nutrient, takes 80g nutrient and be wrapped in band girdle mouth during use, then by one layer of lichen of nutrient outer wrapping i.e.
Become substrate of taking root.Preferably, the root-inducing powder in described step (3) uses vaseline to be used further to smear band girdle after being deployed into emulsus
Mouthful.
The applicant has done a large amount of seedling growth test in process of the test, existing by as follows for part test arrangement:
2013-2015, carries out seedling growth test in Yulin City company oil tea planting base, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, test
Set 4 test group, often group nursery 50 strain altogether.
1-2 group: be respectively adopted the seedling raising manners of embodiment of the present invention 1-2；
3rd group: before elite stand branch is carried out band girdle, according to normal planting patterns rich water quality management, do not make special handling；
4th group: using the most fertile field soil to replace taking root substrate, other processing modes are identical with the 1st group；
Observing in seedling raising process and record is taken root situation, being then recorded as taking root of the root hair that can grow survives, and band girdle mouth is raw
After root, what clip lateral branch cutting survived is i.e. recorded as cutting survival, and result statistics is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 nursery result
From the results shown in Table 1, before using band girdle, according to normal planting patterns rich water quality management, do not make for the 3rd group
Special handling, root survival is the highest, but owing to have employed the substrate of taking root of the present invention, root system development is fair, is migrated to
Motility rate is the highest.Take root substrate, fertilizer efficiency and water conservation moisture retention breathability the most not for 4th group due to the most fertile Tian Tuzuo of use
Enough, to taking root and the survival rate of cuttage has considerable influence.
Described above is the detailed description for the preferable possible embodiments of the present invention, but embodiment is not limited to this
Bright patent claim, the equal change completed under the technical spirit suggested by all present invention or modification change, all should belong to
In the contained the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method for culturing seedlings of an oil tea, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) oil tea elite stand fertilising: first 6 months of clip cuttage branch, topdresses once to oil tea elite stand root, before clip cuttage branch
4 months, oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed a foliage fertilizer；
(2) oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed 1 compound sodium nitrophenolate by the process of oil tea elite stand: first 3 months of clip cuttage branch；Clip
Oil tea elite stand branch and leaf are sprayed 1 paclobutrazol by first 2 months of cuttage branch；
(3) side shoot band girdle processes: before cuttage 40-50 days, chooses annual above side shoot on oil tea elite stand and carries out girding
Form band girdle mouth, after band girdle mouth is sterilized, then smear with ABT root-inducing powder, place 2-3 hour after smearing, by substrate of taking root by ring
Stripping mouth covers and fully wrapped around, then wraps, with thin film, substrate of taking root；
(4) cuttage secateurs takes and processes: until step 3) band girdle mouth be disposed after 50-60 days, can the side shoot taken root of clip
For cuttage, clip side shoot, otch sterilization is cuttage branch；
(5) seedbed prepares and cuttage: complete the thick cutting medium of 30-40cm on seedbed, digs deep on the seedbed complete substrate
Degree is the implantation hole of 15-25cm, and cuttage stem cutting enters implantation hole, crowds around and water permeable with cutting medium backfill；
(6) cutting seedling management: carry out after cuttage is complete watering, weeding, fertilising, seedling exercising is until going out garden and transplanting；
Described substrate of taking root is prepared by the raw material of following weight portion: acid-sludge 52-70 part, lichen 80-100 part, yellow mud bar 100-120
Part, modified plant ash 20-30 part, calcium phosphate 3-5 part, CPPU 0.002-0.003 part, indolebutyric acid 0.001-0.002 part, many
Effect azoles 0.001-0.002 part；Described modified plant ash is by 20-30 part plant ash and 2-3 part calcium nitrate mix and blend 10-
15min obtains.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that substrate of taking root described in: is by with lower section
Method prepares: to CPPU 0.002-0.003 part, indolebutyric acid 0.001-0.002 part, add in paclobutrazol 0.001-0.002 part
10 parts of water mix to obtain regulator, and add water abundant moistening by yellow mud, acid-sludge, then adds described tune in yellow mud, acid-sludge mixture
Joint agent mix homogeneously, adds modified plant ash, calcium phosphate mix homogeneously obtains nutrient, takes 50-80g nutrient parcel during use
At band girdle mouth, then by one layer of lichen of nutrient outer wrapping substrate of taking root.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described cutting medium is to use difference
Raw material layering place mat prepares: bottom is 10-12cm thickness nitre soil, and middle level is 15-20cm thickness hack earth, and upper strata is that 5-8cm is thick
Vermiculitum.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (3) and step (4)
Sterilization all uses disinfectant solution to smear, and described disinfectant solution is by disliking dilute with water after withered spirit and Prochloraz mix according to 1:5-6
Make for 80 times.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the foliage fertilizer in described step (1)
For high nitrogen type foliage fertilizer, wherein N, P2O5, the content of K be respectively 26-28%, 18-20%, 15-16%.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the compound nitrophenol in described step (2)
The concentration of sodium is 30-40mg/L.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the paclobutrazol in described step (2)
Concentration be 30-40mg/L.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oil tea the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the root-inducing powder in described step (3)
Vaseline is used to be used further to smear band girdle mouth after being deployed into emulsus.
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