A kind of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulators.Belong to satellite power supply to battery charging
Field.
Background technique
With the high speed development of aeronautical and space technology, artificial earth satellite is widely used in military, civilian and scientific
The fields such as research.Satellite power system is the important subsystem of satellite platform, it be responsible for satellite other subsystems and effectively
The critical function of load power supply, basic function is by certain physical change or chemical change, by luminous energy, nuclear energy or chemical energy
It is converted into electric energy, stored, adjusted and is converted as needed, then to each subsystem power supply of spacecraft.Battery is satellite
The important component of power-supply system, the normal work for spacecraft in the ground shadow phase provide regulated power.Therefore in illumination period
It effectively charges to it particularly important, and directly affects aircraft in the Task Quality of ground shadow phase.Charging regulator is satellite electricity
The critical function unit that source system power regulatory function is realized.Illumination period within the orbital period, it is defeated when solar battery array
Power-supply system enters charging domain when power is greater than loading demand out, is realized extra power by charging regulator to battery
Group charges, and realizes the function of stabilized satellite power rail voltage and battery charging.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be in order to solve it is existing lack guarantee satellite power supply to the constant charge of battery group and stablize to terminate and fill
The problem of regulating device of electricity.A kind of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator is now provided.
A kind of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator, it includes battery group and satellite power supply bus, it is also wrapped
Include boost topological structure circuit, voltage and current sample feedback control unit, PWM control unit, driving circuit, control unit
With switch S,
Boost topological structure circuit, the voltage for exporting satellite power supply bus carry out corresponding boost conversion, realize
It is transmitted from satellite power supply busbar voltage to the rechargeable electrical energy of battery group, then the voltage and current by charging output is exported to electricity
Pressure and current sample feedback control unit;
Voltage and current sample feedback control unit, for being sampled to the voltage and current of charging output, by voltage
And current sampling signal is synthesized to obtain unified sampling feedback control signal, it is single that the signal is then fed back to PWM control
Member;
PWM control unit, for by the sampling feedback received control signal through internal error amplifier and its inside
Reference voltage be compared, by adjusting the duty ratio of switching signal with realize charging voltage stablize output, final output
Pulse width signal, the pulse width signal drive the NMOS tube of boost topological structure circuit by driving circuit;
Control unit makes for receiving the charging enable signal amplified to the error of satellite power supply busbar voltage
Control switch S is closed when energy signal is effective, connects boost topological structure circuit, to make entire charging circuit connect for storage
Battery pack charging, while obtaining the temperature monitoring signal T of battery group during the charging processbatteryWith voltage monitoring signal
Vbattery, according to temperature monitoring signal TbatteryObtain its corresponding end of charge voltage Vstop, when voltage monitoring signal
VbatteryReach the V of end of charge voltagestop, export charging termination signal, cut-out switch S, to disconnect boost topological structure
Circuit makes entire charging circuit stop the charging to battery.
The invention has the benefit that the present invention uses the switching power circuit based on boost circuit theory, by boost
Topological structure circuit, voltage and current sample feedback control unit, PWM control unit, control unit composition.Boost topology knot
Structure circuit realizes the power transmission and level conversion function that charging is adjusted, and input voltage is carried out corresponding boost conversion.Voltage
Realize that carry out sampling with voltage to the electric current of charging output synthesizes with signal, completes to feedback with current sample feedback control unit
The acquisition and output of signal.PWM control unit exports corresponding pulse width signal by feedback signal and drives opening for boost circuit
Guan Guan.Control unit receives the charging enable signal amplified to the error of satellite power supply busbar voltage, has in enable signal
Control switch S is opened when effect, so that boost topological structure circuit is connected so that entire charging circuit is connected.And by obtaining
The operating temperature and voltage for taking battery group, when accumulator battery voltage reaches the corresponding end of charge voltage of temperature monitoring signal
Stop charging, completes charging process.
One aspect of the present invention realizes the perseverance of nickel-cadmium storage battery group in illumination period according to the electrochemical properties of nickel-cadmium storage battery
Constant-voltage charge function is flowed, on the other hand, according to the temperature characterisitic of nickel-cadmium storage battery, according to temperature monitoring signal during charging
Corresponding V-T charging termination curve obtains the corresponding end of charge voltage of relevant temperature, thus in suitable charging termination
Charging termination function is completed when voltage.To sum up two aspect realizes that satellite power supply fills the stabilization of battery group in illumination period realization
Electricity charges with termination is stablized.Electric discharge adjuster is the essential elements of satellite power system power regulation, and the achievement of the design will be at
For satellite power system important composition unit, developing has very big realistic meaning and practical value.
The present invention has the advantage that are as follows:
1, realize that the charging circuit based on boost circuit realizes charge power transmission and level conversion;
2, realize that charging current samples with charging voltage and realizes that circuit sampling signal merges with voltage sampling signal;
3, it realizes PWM feedback control loop function, stabilizes the output voltage the stabilization with electric current;
4, it realizes the processing to battery group temperature signal and voltage signal and exports the completion of charging termination signal and entirely fill
Electric process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator described in specific embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic diagram of boost topological structure circuit in satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator;
Fig. 3 is the working waveform figure of boost topological structure circuit, wherein ugIndicate switching tube grid voltage, uVTIndicate two
Pole pipe cathode voltage, uLIndicate inductive drop, iLIndicate inductive current, iVTIndicate diode current, iCIndicate capacitance current I1Table
Show that inductive current changes minimum value, I2Indicate that inductive current changes maximum value, t1When indicating that switch hangs conducting in one cycle
Between, t2Indicate switch periods end time, UdIndicate input voltage steady-state value, UoIndicate the variation of inductance L electric current;
Fig. 4 is the on state figure of NMOS tube in boost topological structure circuit;
Fig. 5 is the closed state figure of NMOS tube in boost topological structure circuit;
Fig. 6 is the original of voltage and current sample feedback control unit in a kind of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator
Reason figure;
Fig. 7 is a kind of schematic diagram of PWM control unit in satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator;
Fig. 8 is a kind of schematic diagram of control unit in satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator;
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of control unit.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: present embodiment is illustrated referring to Fig.1, a kind of satellite power supply described in present embodiment
Nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator, it includes battery group and satellite power supply bus, it further include boost topological structure circuit 1,
Voltage and current sample feedback control unit 2, PWM control unit 3, driving circuit 4, control unit 5 and switch S,
Boost topological structure circuit 1, the voltage for exporting satellite power supply bus carry out corresponding boost conversion and reality
Now charging is adjusted, and then the voltage and current by charging output is exported to voltage and current sample feedback control unit 2;
Voltage and current sample feedback control unit 2, for being sampled to the voltage and current of charging output, by voltage
And current sampling signal is synthesized to obtain unified sampling feedback control signal, it is single that the signal is then fed back to PWM control
Member 3;
PWM control unit 3 passes through for the sampling feedback received to be controlled signal after internal error amplifier
The duty ratio of switching signal is adjusted to realize that stablizing for charging voltage exports, final output pulse width signal, the pulse width signal passes through
The NMOS tube of the driving boost topological structure circuit 1 of driving circuit 4;
Control unit 5 makes for receiving the charging enable signal amplified to the error of satellite power supply busbar voltage
Control switch S is closed when energy signal is effective, connects boost topological structure circuit 1, to make entire charging circuit connect for storage
Battery pack charging, while obtaining the temperature monitoring signal T of battery group during the charging processbatteryWith voltage monitoring signal
Vbattery, according to temperature monitoring signal TbatteryObtain its corresponding end of charge voltage Vstop, when voltage monitoring signal
VbatteryReach the V of end of charge voltagestop, export charging termination signal, cut-out switch S, to disconnect boost topological structure
Circuit 1 makes entire charging circuit stop the charging to battery.
In present embodiment, control unit receives the enabled letter of charging amplified to the error of satellite power supply busbar voltage
Number, when enable signal is effective, control switch S connects boost topological structure circuit 1, connects entire charging circuit.And pass through
The operating temperature and voltage for obtaining battery group, reach the corresponding end of charge voltage of temperature monitoring signal in accumulator battery voltage
When stop charging, complete charging process.
In present embodiment, control unit design is as shown in Figure 8.Control unit receives battery group during the charging process
Temperature monitoring signal TbatteryWith voltage monitoring signal Vbattery, according to temperature monitoring signal TbatteryIts is obtained corresponding to fill
Electric final voltage Vstop, when voltage monitoring signal reaches the V of end of charge voltagestop, it is output charging termination signal, cutting is filled
Circuit, realizes charging termination operation, and software design is as shown in Figure 9.
In present embodiment, the input terminal access satellite bus of charging regulator of the present invention is obtained into input electricity
Energy;The output end access battery group nickel-cadmium storage battery group of charging regulator of the present invention is exported into rechargeable electrical energy;It will control
Unit access charging enable signal processed, connecting charging circuit under charging enable signal control inputs the electric energy of charging regulator
By the charging voltage that boost circuit output is stable;By control unit access battery group temperature signal and voltage signal with
Judge whether to reach end of charge voltage at this temperature during the charging process, charging electricity is disconnected when reaching end of charge voltage
Charging process is completed on road.
Specific embodiment 2: illustrating present embodiment referring to Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, present embodiment is to specific implementation
A kind of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator described in mode one is described further, and in present embodiment, boost is opened up
It flutters structural circuit 1 and includes inductance L, NMOS tube VT, diode D, capacitor C and resistance R,
One end of inductance L connects anode and the drain electrode of NMOS tube VT of diode D simultaneously,
The cathode of diode D connects one end of capacitor C and one end of resistance R simultaneously, and the other end of capacitor C connects electricity simultaneously
The other end, the source electrode of NMOS tube VT and one end of satellite power supply bus of R are hindered,
One end of the other end connection switch S of inductance L, the other end of the other end connection satellite power supply bus of switch S,
The drive output of the grid connection driving circuit 4 of NMOS tube VT,
The anode of one end connection battery group of resistance R, the cathode of the other end connection battery group of resistance R,
The anode of battery group and the cathode of diode D are exported as the voltage and current of boost topological structure circuit 1
End.
In present embodiment, boost type translation circuit, that is, boost circuit is that a kind of output voltage is non-higher than input voltage
Isolated PWM DC/DC converter, Basic Topological are as shown in Figure 2.
According to the switch state of NMOS tube, each state wave shape is as shown in Figure 3 in the course of work.
Its course of work is as follows:
1.NMOS pipe on state t0≤t≤t1=KT wherein, t0Indicate the initial time of switch periods, t indicates NMOS
Pipe working time, K indicate that NMOS tube operative duty cycles, T indicate that switch periods indicate.
Diode D is turned off, and equivalent circuit topology is as shown in figure 4, condition under ideal conditions, udAnd uoIt remains unchanged, is
Steady state value.Have:
In formula, uLIndicate inductance L voltage, udIndicate input voltage, uoIndicate output voltage,
In formula, △ I indicates the variation of inductance L electric current, UdIndicate input voltage steady-state value,
2.NMOS pipe closed state t1≤t≤T
Diode D is on mode at this time, and inductance afterflow, equivalent circuit topological structure is as shown in figure 5, have:
In formula, UoIndicate the variation of inductance L electric current, t2Indicate the switch periods end time.
Periodicity when in view of circuit steady operation, the open state of NMOS tube and the △ I of closed state are equal, it may be assumed that
Wherein: t2=T,It obtains:
According to the above-mentioned course of work, realization is transmitted from busbar voltage to the rechargeable electrical energy of battery group and level conversion.
Specific embodiment 3: illustrating present embodiment referring to Fig.1, present embodiment is to specific embodiment one
Or a kind of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator described in two is described further, in present embodiment, it further includes
Resistance Rs,
Resistance RsOne end connection diode D cathode, resistance RsThe other end connection battery group anode.
In present embodiment, resistance RsBe isolation.
Specific embodiment 4: illustrating present embodiment referring to Fig. 6, present embodiment is to specific embodiment three
A kind of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator is described further, and in present embodiment, voltage is adopted with electric current
Sample feedback control unit 2 includes current distributing monitor, resistance R1With resistance R2,
The positive input terminal of current distributing monitor connects resistance RsOne end,
The negative input end of current distributing monitor connects resistance R simultaneouslysThe other end and resistance R1One end, resistance R1's
The other end connects resistance R simultaneously2One end, resistance R2The other end and the cathode of battery group, power ground and current distributing monitoring
The ground terminal of device,
Resistance R1Voltage sampling signal I of the other end as current sample feedback control unit 2FOutput end,
Current sampling signal I of the output end of current distributing monitor as voltage and current sample feedback control unit 2F
Output end.
In present embodiment, the specific design of voltage and current sample feedback control unit 2 is as shown in fig. 6, pass through electric current
Sampling obtains current sampling signal IF, voltage sampling signal V is obtained by voltage sampleF, finally by current sampling signal and electric current
Sampled signal is synthesized to obtain unified sampling feedback control signal, SFRealize the current sample feedback and electricity to charging output
Press sampling feedback.
1, current sample:
By being sampled to charging output electric current, and the pressure drop that sampling resistor generates is pressed by current distributing monitor
Corresponding voltage signal is converted to according to certain multiple.
2, voltage sample:
The implementation of voltage sample is realized by high-precision divider resistance and is divided to charging output voltage output
It realizes
3, current sample is synthesized with voltage sampling signal
In to battery charging process, since the battery group at charging initial stage needs to carry out constant-current charging phase, at this time
Current sample feedback signal IFGreater than voltage sample feedback control signal VF, it saves and carries out with charging process, the electricity of battery group
Pressure is gradually increasing, and the charging voltage of constant-current charge is maintained correspondingly persistently to rise, so that Voltage Feedback controls signal VFGradually increase
Add, until voltage feedback signal VFGreater than current feedback control signal IF, charging enters constant-voltage charge mode at this time.By electric current
Sampled feedback signal IFWith voltage sample feedback control signal VF, exported by diodes in parallel, synthesized unified sampling
Feedback signal SF, by the above process, realize constant current-constant-voltage charge process to battery group.
Specific embodiment 5: illustrating present embodiment referring to Fig. 7, present embodiment is to specific embodiment one
A kind of satellite power supply nickel-cadmium storage battery charging regulator is described further, in present embodiment, PWM control unit 3
Including resistance R, capacitor C, resistance RT, capacitor CTWith the loop Current-type PWM Controller of model UC3843,
No. 1 pin of the loop Current-type PWM Controller of model UC3843 connect simultaneously resistance R one end and capacitor C one
The other end at end, resistance R connects the other end of capacitor C simultaneously and No. 2 of the loop Current-type PWM Controller of model UC3843 are drawn
No. 2 pins of foot, the loop Current-type PWM Controller of model UC3843 are defeated as the sampling feedback control signal of PWM control unit 3
Enter end,
No. 5 pins of the loop Current-type PWM Controller of model UC3843 connect resistance RTOne end, resistance RTThe other end
Capacitor C is connected simultaneouslyTOne end and model UC3843 loop Current-type PWM Controller No. 4 pins, capacitor CTThe other end it is same
When connection model UC3843 loop Current-type PWM Controller No. 8 pins and power ground,
No. 6 pins of the loop Current-type PWM Controller of model UC3843 connect power supply,
No. 7 pins of the loop Current-type PWM Controller of model UC3843 are exported as the pulse width signal of PWM control unit 3
End.
In present embodiment, PWM control unit is by above-mentioned feedback signal SFAs the input signal of PWM controller, this is anti-
Feedthrough voltage adjusts the duty ratio of switching signal after the error amplifier inside PWM controller to realize the stabilization of charging voltage
Output.The design use TI company UC3843 loop Current-type PWM Controller, hardware design as shown in fig. 7, specific work process such as
Under:
Input signal SFIt is input to the feedback input end VFB of PWM controller, and passes through its internal error amplifier and its
Internal reference voltage is compared, and the output end COMP of amplifier and the input terminal VBF of feedback signal are according to side shown in Fig. 7
Formula connection, passes through the dynamic characteristic of resistance R and capacitor C adjusting controller.
The maximum duty cycle of the pulse width signal of output can pass through the resistance R of different numerical value from frequencyTWith capacitor CTIt carries out corresponding
Setting, can calculate different value according to formula 1-7 and correspond to maximum output duty ratio.
Wherein VRT/CT(valley)=1.2V, VRT/CT(peak)=2.8V, Vref=5V, Idischg=8.3mA
Output signal frequency is obtained by formula 1-8.
By working as feedback signal SFWhen increase, the output signal duty ratio of PWM controller accordingly reduces;Conversely, when feedback
Signal SFWhen reduction, the output signal duty ratio of PWM controller is increased accordingly.By the above process, realize to output voltage with
The dynamic regulation for exporting electric current, makes its steady operation.