CN106086374A - One utilizes residual forging heat to carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree Technology for Heating Processing - Google Patents
One utilizes residual forging heat to carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree Technology for Heating Processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN106086374A CN106086374A CN201610406681.0A CN201610406681A CN106086374A CN 106086374 A CN106086374 A CN 106086374A CN 201610406681 A CN201610406681 A CN 201610406681A CN 106086374 A CN106086374 A CN 106086374A
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- heat
- normalizing
- axletree
- temperature
- rolling stock
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses one utilizes residual forging heat to carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree Technology for Heating Processing, compared with prior art, the present invention utilizes thermoforming preheating to carry out isothermal annealing, axletree is made to obtain the microscopic structure close to equilibrium state, structural preparation has been carried out: can substantially make axletree more uniform than the microscopic structure after routine " two positive one time " heat treatment for the subsequent heat treatment of axletree, tiny, after axletree finished heat treatment, materials at 1/2 radius of axletree, by GB/T6394 or ASTM E112 standard detection, grain size is differential controls≤1.5 grades.Save the energy owing to make use of thermoforming waste heat, reduced production cost.Can reduce because occurring that the axletree grain size that open grain structure causes is defective, ultrasonic examination entrant sound bad phenomenon, the axletree fatigue fracture that prevention causes because of mixed crystal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Heat-Treatment of Steel technical field, particularly relate to one and utilize residual forging heat to carry out isothermal annealing in advance
Rolling stock axletree Technology for Heating Processing.
Background technology
Current domestic rolling stock axle steel maker is typically based on axletree spindle-type, size to select steel billet to forge,
Typically cool down in atmosphere after axle forging.China-styled Certain Industry Field standard TB/T2945-1999 " rail truck LZ50 steel axletree and steel
Base technical conditions " regulation: less than 500 DEG C should be cooled to after axle forging, next step heat treatment can be carried out.Axletree is commonly used at present
Technology for Heating Processing be double normalizing and be once tempered.
Axletree when forging owing to compression ratio is little, partial compression than less, surface is uneven with internal modification, in part the most again
Crystal region has on the reason forging stocks such as deformation often mixed crystal phenomenon, and there is thick crystal grain local.This thick crystal grain has group
Knit heritability, be also difficult to eliminate through conventional double normalizing and a tempering heat treatment process.Often occur after axletree heat treatment
Microscopic structure very non-uniform phenomenon, i.e. mixed crystal phenomenon, press GB/T6394 or ASTM E112 standard detection (1/2 at axletree sometimes
Materials at radius), grain size is differential up to 2-4 level.This tissue often can cause grain size not meet TB/T2945-1999 mark
Alignment request (requirement is narrower than 6 grades), ultrasonic examination defective (entrant sound is bad), this tissue of what is more important to axletree
Mechanical property, especially fatigue behaviour are disadvantageous, are the one of the main reasons of axletree generation fatigue fracture.
Axletree is to ensure that the vitals of rolling stock safety, and in rolling stock running, axletree subjects bending
Power, twisting resistance, impulsive force, and long-term use under the conditions of alternate stress, its stressing conditions is the most complicated.In order to ensure railcar
The quality of axle steel, especially prevents axletree from fatigue fracture in use occurring, uses the most suitable production technology to make
It is most important that axletree obtains uniform, tiny microstructure morphology.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one utilizes residual forging heat to carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree heat
Processing technique, by GB/T6394 or ASTM E112 standard detection, grain size is differential controls≤1.5 grades, the product grains of 90%
Spending and differential control≤1.0 grades, the microscopic structure making axletree is uniform, tiny, it is to avoid that causes because of coarse microstructure is ultrasonic
Wave inspection is defective, improves axletree fatigue crack-resistant performance.
The one that the present invention provides utilizes residual forging heat to carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree Technology for Heating Processing,
Comprise the following steps:
(1) control final forging temperature >=750 DEG C, the axletree after forging is put in heat-treatment furnace, carries out isothermal annealing；
(2) the rolling stock axletree after step (1) being processed carries out normalizing once or twice；
(3) the rolling stock axletree after step (2) being processed is tempered.
Further, described in step (1), heat-treatment furnace temperature is Ac110 DEG C～170 DEG C below, it is incubated after furnace temperature to temperature
2-6 hour, air of coming out of the stove cools down；The technique of a normalizing described in step (2) is: the holding temperature of normalizing is Ac3Above
10 DEG C～80 DEG C, temperature retention time is 2-5 hour；Or, the technique of double normalizing is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing is Ac3Above
50 DEG C～150 DEG C, temperature retention time is 2-5 hour, and the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is Ac3Above 10 DEG C～80 DEG C, temperature retention time
For 2-5 hour；The holding temperature of the tempering described in step (3) is 450 DEG C～600 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 2-6 hour.
Further, described in step (1), heat-treatment furnace temperature is Ac110 DEG C～60 DEG C below, described in step (2)
The technique of normalizing is: the holding temperature of normalizing is Ac3Above 30 DEG C～50 DEG C；Or the technique of double normalizing is: the 1st time just
The holding temperature of fire is Ac3Above 90 DEG C～120 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is Ac3Above 30 DEG C～50 DEG C.
Further, heat-treatment furnace temperature described in step (1) is 580 DEG C～710 DEG C, described in step (2) once
The technique of normalizing is: the holding temperature of normalizing is 770-850 DEG C, or, the technique of double normalizing is: the insulation temperature of the 1st normalizing
Degree is for 830-890 DEG C, and the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is 770-850 DEG C.
Further, heat-treatment furnace temperature described in step (1) is for 600 DEG C-700 DEG C；Described in step (2) once
The technique of normalizing is: the holding temperature of normalizing is 790-820 DEG C, or the technique of double normalizing is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing
For 850-870 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is 790-820 DEG C.
Preferably, in step (1) after finish-forging, first by more than axletree air cooling to heat treatment furnace temperature 10 DEG C～60 DEG C, then will
Axletree enters heat-treatment furnace.
Preferably, in step (2), normalizing insulation back axle cools down in the air accelerating flowing or uses water in atmosphere
Mist accelerates cooling.
Preferably, in step (3), holding temperature is 500-560 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour.
Preferably, in step (1), temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour, and in step (2), the temperature retention time of normalizing is 3.5-
4.5 hours, in step (3), the holding temperature of tempering was 500 DEG C～560 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour.
Preferably, heat-treatment furnace temperature described in step (1) is for 660 DEG C-690 DEG C, and temperature retention time is that 3.5-4.5 is little
Time；In step (2), the holding temperature of a normalizing is 770 DEG C～850 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour, or double normalizing
The holding temperature of the 1st time be 830 DEG C-890 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd time is 770 DEG C～850 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-
4.5 hours, cool down in the air accelerating flowing after normalizing insulation or accelerate cooling with water smoke；The guarantor of tempering in step (3)
Temperature temperature is 500 DEG C～560 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour.
Described heat treatment method is applicable to medium carbon steel or medium carbon low alloy steel rolling stock axle steel Heat-Treatment of Steel, as
The heat treatment of LZ50, LZ45CrV, AAR F axletree.Apply also for the axletree after axle rolling.
The present invention utilizes thermoforming waste heat to carry out isothermal annealing so that axletree obtains micro-group close to equilibrium state
Knit, to reduce the Structure Inheritance of coarse grain, carry out structural preparation for further heat treatment.Furnace temperature is incubated 2-after temperature
Within 6 hours, it is to ensure that structural transformation is basically completed.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme utilizes thermoforming preheating to carry out isothermal annealing so that axletree
Obtaining the microscopic structure close to equilibrium state, the subsequent heat treatment for axletree has carried out structural preparation: (1) can substantially make
Axletree is more uniform, tiny, after axletree finished heat treatment, at axletree than the microscopic structure after routine " two positive one time " heat treatment
Materialsing at 1/2 radius, by GB/T6394 or ASTM E112 standard detection, grain size is differential controls≤1.5 grades, 90%
Product grains degree is differential controls≤1.0 grades.(2) make use of residual forging heat, thus saved the energy, reduced production cost.
(3) can reduce because occurring that the axletree grain size that open grain structure causes is defective, ultrasonic examination entrant sound bad phenomenon, prevention is because mixing
The axletree fatigue fracture that crystalline substance causes.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment and comparative example, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of rolling stock online isothermal annealed processes of axle steel residual forging heat, comprises the following steps:
(1) during the forging of rolling stock axle steel, final forging temperature >=750 DEG C, after finish-forging, axletree is put into the heat of 700 ± 10 DEG C
Process in stove, be incubated 3-4 hour after furnace temperature to temperature, carry out online isothermal annealing, air of coming out of the stove cools down.
(2) by the axletree after online for step (1) isothermal annealing through 810 DEG C ± 10 DEG C normalizings, it is incubated 3-3.5 hour, so
Rear 510 DEG C ± 10 DEG C tempering, are incubated 4-4.5 hour, cooling.
Embodiment 2-10, comparative example 1-3
Embodiment and the concrete process technique of 2-10 comparative example 1-3 axletree and grain size assay are shown in Table 1, embodiment
Other quality test results all meets the requirement of corresponding product standard.Grain size sample is materialsed at 1/2 radius of axletree,
The grain size of LZ50, LZ45CrV presses GB/T6394 standard detection, and the grain size of AAR F presses ASTM E112G standard detection.
The grain size assay of table 1 embodiment 1-10 and comparative example 1-3 axletree.
Table 1
Continuous upper table
* finish-forging (rolling) temperature >=750 DEG C.
* subsequent heat treatment normalizing temperature retention time is 3-3.5 hour, and tempering insulation time is 4-4.5 hour.
Embodiment 1-7 contrasts with comparative example 1, it is clear that the grain size number of embodiment 1-7 is higher, and grain size fluctuates relatively
Little.And embodiment 1-2,5-7 eliminate follow-up the 1st time normalizing.
The grain size of embodiment 8-9 is 7.5-8.5 level, and the grain size of comparative example 2 is 4-7 level, it is clear that embodiment 8-9
Grain size fluctuation is less and crystal grain is thinner.And embodiment 8-9 eliminates follow-up the 1st time normalizing.
The grain size of embodiment 10 is 8-9 level, and the grain size of comparative example 3 is 5-7 level, it is clear that the grain size of embodiment 10
Fluctuate less and crystal grain is thinner.And embodiment 10 eliminates follow-up the 1st time normalizing.
Grain size and the system of ultrasonic examination assay after technical scheme and prior art heat treatment
Meter situation, steel grade is LZ50, performs TB/T2945-1999.As seen from Table 2, technical scheme product grain size
With the disqualification rate of ultrasonic examination significantly lower than prior art product grain size and ultrasonic examination disqualification rate,
Although defective work final grain size and ultrasonic examination after another warm processes (have has processed 2 times again) is the most qualified
, but waste the energy, add cost, extend the production cycle.
Table 2 grain size and the statistical conditions of ultrasonic examination assay.
Table 2
The above is presently most preferred embodiment of the invention, is not limited to the present invention, for those skilled in the art
For Yuan, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of being made,
Equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind utilizes residual forging heat to carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree Technology for Heating Processing, it is characterised in that institute
State Technology for Heating Processing to comprise the following steps:
(1) control final forging temperature >=750 DEG C, the axletree after forging is put in heat-treatment furnace, carries out isothermal annealing；
(2) the rolling stock axletree after step (1) being processed carries out normalizing once or twice；
(3) the rolling stock axletree after step (2) being processed is tempered.
The most according to claim 1 residual forging heat is utilized to carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree heat treatment work
Skill, it is characterised in that
Described in step (1), heat-treatment furnace temperature is Ac110 DEG C～170 DEG C below, it is incubated 2-6 hour after furnace temperature to temperature, sky of coming out of the stove
Gas cools down；The technique of a normalizing described in step (2) is: the holding temperature of normalizing is Ac3Above 10 DEG C～80 DEG C, protect
The temperature time is 2-5 hour；Or, the technique of double normalizing is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing is Ac3Above 50 DEG C～150 DEG C, protect
The temperature time is 2-5 hour, and the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is Ac3Above 10 DEG C～80 DEG C, temperature retention time is 2-5 hour；Step
(3) holding temperature of the tempering described in is 450 DEG C～600 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 2-6 hour.
The most according to claim 2 residual forging heat is utilized to carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree heat treatment work
Skill, it is characterised in that
Described in step (1), heat-treatment furnace temperature is Ac110 DEG C～60 DEG C below；
The technique of a normalizing described in step (2) is: the holding temperature of normalizing is Ac3Above 30 DEG C～50 DEG C；Or, twice
The technique of normalizing is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing is Ac3Above 90 DEG C～120 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is Ac3
Above 30 DEG C～50 DEG C.
4. carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree heat treatment according to the residual forging heat that utilizes described in Claims 2 or 3
Technique, it is characterised in that heat-treatment furnace temperature described in step (1) is 580 DEG C～710 DEG C；Described in step (2) the most just
The technique of fire is: the holding temperature of normalizing is 770-850 DEG C, or, the technique of double normalizing is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing
For 830-890 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is 770-850 DEG C.
The most according to claim 4 residual forging heat is utilized to carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree heat treatment work
Skill, it is characterised in that heat-treatment furnace temperature described in step (1) is for 600 DEG C-700 DEG C；Described in step (2) the most just
The technique of fire is: the holding temperature of normalizing is 790-820 DEG C, or, the technique of double normalizing is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing
For 850-870 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is 790-820 DEG C.
6. carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree heat according to the residual forging heat that utilizes described in any one of claim 1-5
Process technique, it is characterised in that in step (1) after finish-forging, first by more than axletree air cooling to heat treatment furnace temperature 10 DEG C～60 DEG C,
Again axletree is entered heat-treatment furnace.
7. carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree heat according to the residual forging heat that utilizes described in any one of claim 1-6
Process technique, it is characterised in that in step (2) normalizing insulation back axle accelerate flowing air in cooling or in atmosphere
Cooling is accelerated with water smoke.
8. carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree heat according to the residual forging heat that utilizes described in any one of claim 1-7
Process technique, it is characterised in that in step (3), holding temperature is 500-560 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour.
9. carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree heat according to the residual forging heat that utilizes described in any one of claim 1-8
Process technique, it is characterised in that
Heat-treatment furnace temperature described in step (1) is for 660 DEG C-690 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour；
In step (2), the holding temperature of 1 normalizing is 770 DEG C～850 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour, 2 normalizings
The holding temperature of the 1st time is 830 DEG C-890 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd time is 770 DEG C～850 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-
4.5 hours, cool down in the air accelerating flowing after normalizing insulation or accelerate cooling with water smoke；
In step (3), the holding temperature of tempering is 500 DEG C～560 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour.
10. carry out the most isothermal annealed rolling stock axletree according to the residual forging heat that utilizes described in any one of claim 1-9
Technology for Heating Processing, it is characterised in that described heat treatment method is applicable to medium carbon steel or medium carbon low alloy steel rolling stock axle steel
Heat-Treatment of Steel.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN108342646A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-31 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | A kind of the railway vehicle axis steel and its production method of addition rare earth element |
| CN112760461A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-07 | 大冶特殊钢有限公司 | Heat treatment method for steel high-frequency ultrasonic detection sample |
| CN113512628A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-10-19 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Annealing process for improving grain size of 20Cr13 forging stock |
| CN117344101A (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2024-01-05 | 日照市质量检验检测研究院(国家碳素结构钢产品质量检验检测中心(山东)、日照市药品不良反应监测中心、日照市纺织纤维监测中心) | Method for eliminating Wittimeans tissue in low alloy steel forging at initial stage of heat treatment |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108342646A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-31 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | A kind of the railway vehicle axis steel and its production method of addition rare earth element |
| CN112760461A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-07 | 大冶特殊钢有限公司 | Heat treatment method for steel high-frequency ultrasonic detection sample |
| CN113512628A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-10-19 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Annealing process for improving grain size of 20Cr13 forging stock |
| CN117344101A (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2024-01-05 | 日照市质量检验检测研究院(国家碳素结构钢产品质量检验检测中心(山东)、日照市药品不良反应监测中心、日照市纺织纤维监测中心) | Method for eliminating Wittimeans tissue in low alloy steel forging at initial stage of heat treatment |
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