CN105861804A - Heat treatment method for railway vehicle axle subjected to full annealing in advance - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for railway vehicle axle subjected to full annealing in advance Download PDFInfo
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- CN105861804A CN105861804A CN201610417933.XA CN201610417933A CN105861804A CN 105861804 A CN105861804 A CN 105861804A CN 201610417933 A CN201610417933 A CN 201610417933A CN 105861804 A CN105861804 A CN 105861804A
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- Prior art keywords
- normalizing
- axletree
- temperature
- rolling stock
- heat treatment
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method for a railway vehicle axle subjected to full annealing in advance. The method comprises the following steps that 1, the railway vehicle axle is subjected to full annealing in advance; 2, the railway vehicle axle treated in the first step is subjected to normalizing once or twice; 3, the railway vehicle axle treated in the second step is subjected to tempering. Compared with the prior art, by means of the heat treatment method, the microscopic structure of the axle is uniform and fine, the phenomena that due to the fact that an open-grained structure occurs, the grain size is unqualified, and acoustic transmission in ultrasonic flaw detection is poor can be reduced, and the fatigue fracture caused by mixed crystals can be prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Heat-Treatment of Steel technique, be specifically related to a kind of rolling stock axletree the completeest
The heat treatment method of full annealing.
Background technology
Rolling stock axletree is to ensure that the vitals of rolling stock safety, runs at rolling stock
During, axletree subjects bending force, twisting resistance, impulsive force, and long-term at alternate stress
Under the conditions of use, its stressing conditions is the most complicated.In order to ensure the quality of rolling stock axletree, especially
It is to prevent axletree from fatigue fracture in use occurring, and uses the most suitable Technology for Heating Processing
Axletree is made to obtain uniform, tiny microstructure morphology most important.
China-styled Certain Industry Field standard TB/T2945-1999 " rail truck LZ50 steel axletree and steel billet
Technical conditions " to define the Technology for Heating Processing of conventional LZ50 steel axletree be double normalizing and once
Tempering, double normalizing refers to carry out twice single normalized treatment, and normalizing temperature is low for the second time
In first time normalizing temperature, for the second time during normalizing, axletree charging temperature is less than 500 DEG C.Tempering
It is the axletree through normalizing to be heated to the most slowly and is held below fitting of critical temperature
Working as temperature, then with suitable speed cooling, during tempering, the charging temperature of axletree should be less than
250℃。
Chinese invention patent application " uses continuous oven to improve the heat treatment side of axle yield strength
Method " (CN101649389A) publication date on February 17th, 2010, disclose use continuous oven
Improve the heat treatment method of axletree, including: normalizing for the first time, for the second time normalizing and tempering, the
Normalizing temperature 880 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, is cooled to less than 500 DEG C in cold air chamber, and second time is the most just
Fire temperature 810 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, is cooled to less than 250 DEG C in cold air chamber, temperature 510 DEG C
± 15 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature in cold air chamber.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of railway vehicle axle steel and manufacturing process thereof "
(CN102758130B) publication date on October 31st, 2012, a kind of axle steel is disclosed,
The chemical composition of steel billet and content (percentage by weight) is: C0.50-0.60%,
Si0.20-0.50%, Mn0.7-0.9%, P≤0.018%, S≤0.008%, Alt >=
0.020%, Cr≤0.25%, Ni≤0.25%, Cu≤0.25%, surplus be Fe and
Inevitably impurity.Axle blank forging after, then carry out secondary normalizing (860 DEG C, 3h) and
Once tempering (510～520 DEG C, 4h) processes.
Chinese invention patent application " heat treatment method of AAR F level axletree " (CN102268527A)
Publication date December in 2011 7 days, it is provided that the Technology for Heating Processing of a kind of AAR F level axletree,
Wherein, including: when the first normalizing furnace in-furnace temperature is 860 ± 10 DEG C, axletree is loaded the
In one normalizing furnace, after being incubated 3.5～4 hours, take out axletree, axletree is cooled to 500 DEG C
Below；When the second normalizing furnace in-furnace temperature is 800 ± 10 DEG C, by through a normalized treatment
Axletree loads in the second normalizing furnace, after being incubated 3.5～4 hours, takes out axletree, and axletree is cold
But to less than 250 DEG C；When tempering furnace in-furnace temperature is 530 ± 10 DEG C, will be through secondary normalizing
The axletree processed loads in tempering furnace；After being incubated 4～4.5 hours, take out axletree, by axletree
Natural cooling.
Chinese invention patent application " Technology for Heating Processing of axle steel " (CN 103014296 A)
Publication date on April 3rd, 2013, it is provided that the Technology for Heating Processing of a kind of axle steel.Axle steel
Technology for Heating Processing comprise the following steps: (1) normalizing: temperature 840-880 DEG C, protect
The 3-5 hour time of temperature, it is subsequently cooled to less than 500 DEG C；(2) secondary normalizing: temperature
800-840 DEG C, temperature retention time 3-5 hour, it is subsequently cooled to less than 250 DEG C；(3) tempering:
Temperature 660-690 DEG C, temperature retention time 3-5 hour, it is then cooled to room temperature.Solve existing
The problem that 41CrMo steel does not has matched Technology for Heating Processing.
In sum, medium carbon steel or medium carbon low alloy steel rolling stock axletree the most both at home and abroad, one
As to use the technique of 2 normalizings+1 time tempering, the subject matter existed be often to go out after heat treatment
Existing microscopic structure very non-uniform phenomenon, i.e. mixed crystal phenomenon, by GB/T6394 or ASTM E112
Standard detection (is materialsed) at 1/2 radius of axletree, and grain size is differential up to 2-4 level.
LZ50 axletree after+810 DEG C of normalizings of 870 DEG C of normalizings+520 DEG C are tempered the high power of 100 times
Tissue under microscope is as shown in Figure 1.Having thick pearlite colony in figure, grain size is 3-6
Level, this tissue can cause grain size not meet TB/T2945-1999 standard-required and (require carefully
In 6 grades), ultrasonic examination defective (entrant sound is bad), this tissue of what is more important
To axletree mechanical property, especially fatigue behaviour is disadvantageous, is that axletree occurs fatigue disconnected
The one of the main reasons split.
Therefore, in the urgent need to there being new technical scheme in industry, by adjust Technology for Heating Processing,
Make axletree microscopic structure uniform, tiny.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, it is provided that at the most dead annealed heat of a kind of rolling stock axletree
Reason method, by GB/T6394 or ASTM E112 standard detection, grain size is differential to be controlled≤
1.5 grades, the product grains degree of 90% is differential controls≤1.0 grades, and the microscopic structure making axletree is equal
Even, tiny, it is to avoid the ultrasonic examination caused because of coarse microstructure is defective, improve car
Axle fatigue crack-resistant performance.
A kind of the most dead annealed heat treatment method of rolling stock axletree that the present invention provides, bag
Include following steps:
(1) rolling stock axletree is carried out full annealing in advance；
(2) the rolling stock axletree after step (1) being processed carries out normalizing once or twice；
(3) the rolling stock axletree after step (2) being processed is tempered.
Further, described in step (1), full annealing temperature is Ac3Above 10 DEG C～100 DEG C,
Temperature retention time is 2～5 hours；The technique of a normalizing described in step (2) is: normalizing
Holding temperature be Ac3Above 10 DEG C～80 DEG C, temperature retention time is 2-5 hour；Or, step
(2) technique of double normalizing described in is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing is Ac3Above
50 DEG C～150 DEG C, temperature retention time is 2-5 hour；The holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is Ac3
Above 10 DEG C～80 DEG C, temperature retention time is 2-5 hour；Tempering described in step (3)
Holding temperature is 450 DEG C～600 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 2-6 hour.
Further, described in step (1), full annealing temperature is Ac3Above 30 DEG C～50 DEG C；
The technique of a normalizing described in step (2) is: the holding temperature of normalizing is Ac3Above
30 DEG C～50 DEG C；Or, described in step (2), the technique of double normalizing is: the 1st normalizing
Holding temperature be Ac3Above 90 DEG C～120 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is Ac3With
Upper 30 DEG C～50 DEG C.
Preferably, described in step (1), full annealing temperature is 770-850 DEG C；Step (2)
Described in the technique of a normalizing be: the holding temperature of normalizing is 770-850 DEG C, or；Step
Suddenly the technique of the double normalizing described in (2) is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing is
830-890 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is 770-850 DEG C.
Further, described in step (1), full annealing temperature is 790-820 DEG C；Step
(2) technique of described in a normalizing is: the holding temperature of normalizing is 790-820 DEG C；
Or the technique of step (2) described double normalizing is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing is
850-870 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is 790-820 DEG C.
Further, with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h after step (1) axletree full annealing insulation
Cooling.
Further, with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h after step (1) axletree full annealing insulation
Cool to 500 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove during temperature below and cool down in atmosphere.
Further, in step (2) normalizing insulation after accelerate flowing air in cooling or
Person accelerates cooling with water smoke in atmosphere.
Preferably, in step (2), the temperature retention time of normalizing is 3.5-4.5 hour.
Preferably, in step (3), holding temperature is 500-550 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5
Hour.
The described the most dead annealed heat treatment method of rolling stock axletree be applicable to medium carbon steel or
The heat treatment of medium carbon low alloy steel rolling stock axletree, such as LZ50, LZ45CrV, AAR F car
The heat treatment of axle.
The present invention uses the axletree heat of a full annealing+normalizing once or twice+be once tempered
Process technique, be different from the axletree Technology for Heating Processing of existing double normalizing+be once tempered.The
One step full annealing is to obtain the microscopic structure closer to equilibrium state, to reduce coarse grain
Structure Inheritance, carry out structural preparation for further heat treatment.Dead annealed insulation
After be more beneficial for obtaining close to micro-group of equilibrium state with the speed furnace cooling of≤60 DEG C/h
Knit.Cool to 500 DEG C with the furnace and cooling in atmosphere of coming out of the stove during temperature below is conducive at needs
Time shorten annealing time.Second step normalizing is to obtain microscopic structure tiny, uniform.2
Secondary normalizing is more beneficial for thinning microstructure, improves performance, but can increase cost, pursues more high-quality
Time just select use 2 normalizings.Normalizing insulation after preferably accelerate flowing air in cooling or
Accelerating cooling with water smoke is that refinement is aobvious further in order to increase degree of supercooling, improve Nucleation rate
Micro-assembly robot.3rd step tempering is the internal stress in order to eliminate described axletree, improves moulding of axletree tough
Property.
Compared with prior art, the present invention uses a full annealing+normalizing+1 once or twice
The axletree Technology for Heating Processing of secondary tempering, the microscopic structure making axletree is uniform, tiny.At axletree
Materialsing at 1/2 radius, by GB/T6394 or ASTM E112 standard detection, grain size is thin
Being≤1.5 grades in the differential control of 6 grades and grain size, the product grains degree of 90% is differential controlled
Make≤1.0 grades.Can reduce because occurring that the grain size that open grain structure causes is defective, ultrasound wave is visited
Hinder entrant sound bad phenomenon, the fatigue fracture that prevention causes because of mixed crystal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is LZ50 axletree after+810 DEG C of normalizings of 870 DEG C of normalizings+520 DEG C are tempered 100
Organization charts under high power microscope again；
Fig. 2 is that embodiment 2 LZ50 axletree is through+810 DEG C of normalizings of 810 DEG C of annealing (stove is cold)
Organization charts under the high power microscope of 100 times after+520 DEG C of tempering.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment and comparative example, technical scheme is made the most concrete
Explanation.
Embodiment 1
A kind of the most dead annealed heat treatment method of rolling stock axletree, comprises the following steps:
(1) rolling stock axletree (LZ50 steel grade) is carried out full annealing, annealing insulation temperature
Spending 790 ± 10 DEG C, temperature retention time 3.5-4.5 hour, with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h with stove
It is cooled to 500 DEG C and during temperature below, comes out of the stove and cool down in atmosphere, with the speed of 30 ± 5 DEG C/h
Degree cooling；
(2) the rolling stock axletree after step (1) being processed carries out normalizing, and holding temperature is
790 ± 10 DEG C, temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour, cools down in the air accelerating flowing；
(3) the rolling stock axletree after step (2) being processed is tempered, and holding temperature is
510 ± 10 DEG C, temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour；Rolling stock axletree crystal grain after process
Degree is 7.
The heat treatment method parameter of the rolling stock axletree of embodiment 2-10 and comparative example 1-3 and crystalline substance
Granularity, mechanical properties test result table 1 below:
The Technology for Heating Processing of the rolling stock axletree of table 1 embodiment 1-7 and comparative example 1-3 and
Grain size, mechanical properties test result
Continuous upper table
* represent and cool to 500 DEG C and air cooling of coming out of the stove during temperature below with the furnace.
Other quality test results of embodiment 1-10 all meets the requirement of corresponding product standard.
Grain size sample is materialsed at 1/2 radius of axletree, and the grain size of LZ50, LZ45CrV is pressed
GB/T6394 standard detection, the grain size of AAR F presses ASTM E112G standard detection.Wherein
The microscopic structure of comparative example 1 is shown in that accompanying drawing 2 is shown in by accompanying drawing 1, the microscopic structure of embodiment 2.
Embodiment 1-5,8 contrast with comparative example 1, it is clear that the grain size number of embodiment 1-5 is relatively
Height, and grain size fluctuation is less.
The grain size of embodiment 6,9 is 7,8.5-9 level, and the grain size of comparative example 2 is 5-7
Level, it is clear that the grain size fluctuation of embodiment 6 is less and crystal grain is thinner.
The grain size of embodiment 7,10 be 6-7,8 grades, and the grain size of comparative example 3 is 4-7
Level, it is clear that the grain size fluctuation of embodiment 7 is less and crystal grain is thinner.
Table 2 lists with crystal grain after technical scheme and prior art heat treatment
Degree and the statistical conditions of ultrasonic examination assay, steel grade is LZ50, performs
TB/T2945-1999.As seen from Table 2, technical scheme product grain size and
Ultrasonic examination is the most qualified, and prior art product grain size and ultrasonic examination
There is defective phenomenon, although the defective work of prior art processes through another warm (to be had
Again 2 times have been processed) finally grain size and ultrasonic examination are the most qualified afterwards, but waste energy
Source, add cost, extend the production cycle.
Table 2 grain size and the statistical conditions of ultrasonic examination assay
The above is presently most preferred embodiment of the invention, is not limited to the present invention, for
For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All in the present invention
Spirit and principle within, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, all should comprise
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the most dead annealed heat treatment method of rolling stock axletree, it is characterised in that institute
The heat treatment method stated comprises the following steps:
(1) rolling stock axletree is carried out full annealing in advance；
(2) the rolling stock axletree after step (1) being processed carries out normalizing once or twice；
(3) the rolling stock axletree after step (2) being processed is tempered.
The most dead annealed heat treatment method of rolling stock axletree the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, described in step (1), full annealing temperature is Ac3Above 10 DEG C～100 DEG C,
Temperature retention time is 2～5 hours；
The technique of a normalizing described in step (2) is: the holding temperature of normalizing is Ac3Above
10 DEG C～80 DEG C, temperature retention time is 2-5 hour；Or, double normalizing described in step (2)
Technique be: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing is Ac3Above 50 DEG C～150 DEG C, temperature retention time
For 2-5 hour；The holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is Ac3Above 10 DEG C～80 DEG C, during insulation
Between be 2-5 hour；
The holding temperature of the tempering described in step (3) is 450 DEG C～600 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 2-6
Hour.
The most dead annealed heat treatment of rolling stock axletree the most according to claim 1 and 2
Method, it is characterised in that
Described in step (1), full annealing temperature is Ac3Above 30 DEG C～50 DEG C；
The technique of a normalizing described in step (2) is: the holding temperature of normalizing is Ac3
Above 30 DEG C～50 DEG C；Or, the technique of the double normalizing described in step (2) is: the 1st
The holding temperature of secondary normalizing is Ac3Above 90 DEG C～120 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is
Ac3Above 30 DEG C～50 DEG C.
4. according to the most dead annealed heat of rolling stock axletree described in any one of claim 1-3
Processing method, it is characterised in that
Described in step (1), full annealing temperature is 770-850 DEG C；
The technique of a normalizing described in step (2) is: the holding temperature of normalizing is
770-850℃；Or, the technique of the double normalizing described in step (2) is: the 1st normalizing
Holding temperature be 830-890 DEG C, the holding temperature of the 2nd normalizing is 770-850 DEG C.
The most dead annealed heat treatment method of rolling stock axletree the most according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that,
Described in step (1), full annealing temperature is 790-820 DEG C；Described in step (2)
The technique of a normalizing be: the holding temperature of normalizing is 790-820 DEG C；Or step (2)
The technique of described double normalizing is: the holding temperature of the 1st normalizing is 850-870 DEG C, the 2nd
The holding temperature of secondary normalizing is 790-820 DEG C.
6. according to the most dead annealed heat of rolling stock axletree described in any one of claim 1-5
Processing method, it is characterised in that step (1) axletree full annealing insulation after with≤60 DEG C/
Hour speed cooling.
7. move back the most completely according to the rolling stock axletree described in described in any one of claim 1-6
Fire heat treatment method, it is characterised in that step (1) axletree full annealing insulation after with≤
The speed of 60 DEG C/h cools to 500 DEG C with the furnace and comes out of the stove during temperature below and cool down in atmosphere.
8. move back the most completely according to the rolling stock axletree described in described in any one of claim 1-7
The heat treatment method of fire, it is characterised in that in step (2), the temperature retention time of normalizing is 3.5-4.5
Hour.
9. move back the most completely according to the rolling stock axletree described in described in any one of claim 1-8
The heat treatment method of fire, it is characterised in that in step (3), holding temperature is 500-550 DEG C,
Temperature retention time is 3.5-4.5 hour.
10. according to the most dead annealed heat of rolling stock axletree described in any one of claim 1-9
Processing method, it is characterised in that the described the most dead annealed heat treatment side of rolling stock axletree
Method is applicable to medium carbon steel or the heat treatment of medium carbon low alloy steel rolling stock axletree.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610417933.XA CN105861804A (en) | 2016-06-04 | 2016-06-04 | Heat treatment method for railway vehicle axle subjected to full annealing in advance |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610417933.XA CN105861804A (en) | 2016-06-04 | 2016-06-04 | Heat treatment method for railway vehicle axle subjected to full annealing in advance |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107309605A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-11-03 | 上海汇众汽车制造有限公司 | The antifatigue processing technology of metal parts, torsion beam processing method and torsion beam |
| CN114507822A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-05-17 | 晋西车轴股份有限公司 | High-strength, high-toughness and high-plasticity axle carbon steel and heat treatment process of forging thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107309605A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-11-03 | 上海汇众汽车制造有限公司 | The antifatigue processing technology of metal parts, torsion beam processing method and torsion beam |
| CN114507822A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-05-17 | 晋西车轴股份有限公司 | High-strength, high-toughness and high-plasticity axle carbon steel and heat treatment process of forging thereof |
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