CN106085566A - 一种节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106085566A
CN106085566A CN201610434917.1A CN201610434917A CN106085566A CN 106085566 A CN106085566 A CN 106085566A CN 201610434917 A CN201610434917 A CN 201610434917A CN 106085566 A CN106085566 A CN 106085566A
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殷立新
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Hainan Polar Wind High Tech Ltd By Share Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油，所述润滑油由以下重量份的组分构成：高粘度聚‑α烯烃基础油72‑83份、多元醇酯合成油6‑8份、抗磨剂0.3‑0.5份、无灰型清净分散剂2‑5份、抗氧抗腐剂0.8‑1.3份、消泡剂0.002‑0.001份、粘度指数改进剂3‑4份、高碱值酸中和剂0.7‑1.2份。本发明采用了多种抗磨剂、无灰型清净分散剂、抗氧抗腐剂优化组合，并复配适合的其它功能添加剂，发挥添加剂之间的协同效应，提高了润滑油组合物的抗氧化性能、高温抗磨性能，同时提供了良好的活塞清净性和控制粘度增长能力。

Description

一种节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油技术领域，具体涉及一种能够节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油。
背景技术
发动机润滑油的主要作用是润滑，它对发动记得工作状况起着重要作用，如果润滑油失去作用，发动机就会受到严重损害。船用润滑油是用于船舶设备机械的润滑油，从而对船舶起到养护润滑的作用。船用柴油机又分为低速(十字头式)、中速(筒形活塞)和高速，各种内燃机对润滑油的要求各不相同。船用柴油机润滑油，要求更高的碱值、更优异的清净分散能力和抗氧化、抗磨损性能、更好的耐水性能，绝不能以陆用柴油机润滑油代替。因为船用柴油机比陆用柴油机工作条件更苛刻：燃料含硫量一般较高。为中和燃料燃烧产生的强酸物质，船用柴油机润滑油的碱值比陆用润滑油高；易受水侵蚀，引起总碱值下降、添加剂降解而降低性能，要求既能抵抗水的侵蚀(遇水稳定)，又能快速将水分离掉。
开发一种含碱量适宜、耐水侵蚀、抗氧、抗泡和抗乳化性能的船用中速柴油发动机润滑油具有很大的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油，本发明提供了一种船用中速柴油发动机润滑油，所述船用中速柴油发动机润滑油具有良好的抗磨性能、抗乳化性能和油水分离效果。
根据本发明的一个方面，本发明提供了一种节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油，所述润滑油由以下重量份的组分构成：
高粘度聚-α烯烃基础油72-83份、多元醇酯合成油6-8份、抗磨剂0.3-0.5份、无灰型清净分散剂2-5份、抗氧抗腐剂0.8-1.3份、消泡剂0.002-0.001份、粘度指数改进剂3-4份、高碱值酸中和剂0.7-1.2份；
所述高粘度聚-α烯烃基础油由3重量份的PAO100和1重量份的PAO300组成；本发明基础油采用的高粘度聚-α烯烃具有很好的高、低温性能，工作温度范围大，闪点及燃点高，使用安全，蒸发率低，结焦少，使用寿命长，粘度指数高，粘温性能好，抗乳化、抗泡性能优异，良好热稳定性及化学稳定性。
所述的多元醇酯合成油可以选自市售的道达尔多元醇酯合成油Planetelf ACD22#或美国CPI的CP-2931A；
抗磨剂为磷酸二正丁脂、硫化烯烃棉籽油和苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐组成，重量比为磷酸二正丁脂：硫化烯烃棉籽油：苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐为6:3:7；本发明在筛选抗磨剂时时发现三者搭配使用具有协同增效的作用，单独使用一种或者其中两种抗磨剂时效果不好，当三者联合使用并按照重量比为磷酸二正丁脂：硫化烯烃棉籽油：苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐为6:3:7时使用量为三者单独用量的百分之一以下仍能产生优异的抗摩擦效果，HFRR高频往复摩擦试验表明磷酸二正丁脂、硫化烯烃棉籽油和苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐三者搭配使用效果最好，且能够降低使用量。
无灰型清净分散剂由聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、聚异丁烯丁二酸酯、聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯组成，三者重量比为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺：聚异丁烯丁二酸酯：聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯＝2:3:5；本发明采用三种无灰型清净分散剂调制的油品具有清净分散性，具有良好的烟灰油泥分散作用，能有效的抑制发动机油粘度的增长。
所述抗氧抗腐剂由重量比为1:1的N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺和2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚组成，N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺显示一定的弱碱性，2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚具有一定的弱酸性，当润滑脂呈碱性时，胺类抗氧剂起作用，当润滑脂被氧化产生酸后，逐渐呈中性及酸性时，酚类抗氧剂将起作用；
上述消泡剂为植物油，所述植物油为菜籽油、大豆油中的任意一种；
常规的矿物硅油消泡剂在使用过程中稳定性差，针对性不强，在应用过程中效果不佳。本发明以植物油代替传统的矿物硅油，在消泡过程中取得了最佳的效果。原因可能是由于植物油主要由饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸酯组成，作为消泡剂加入到混合物中以后，快速在溶液表面铺展。其羧酸和酯基官能团进入体系产生的泡沫内部，顶替原来液膜表面上的表面活性分子，使接触处的表面张力降低，并比液膜其他处的表面张力更低，破坏了液膜的稳定性，泡沫的寿命变短，最后破裂得以消除，从而达到良好的消泡的目的。
所述粘度指数改进剂由聚异戊二烯共聚物、苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯丙烯共聚物组成，三者重量比为聚异戊二烯共聚物：苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物：乙烯丙烯共聚物为1:3:2；
所述高碱值酸中和剂由有机碱和无机碱组成，有机碱和无机碱的重量比为1:2；其中有机碱由重量比为1:1的1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯和1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯组成；无机碱由重量比为3:1的高碱值硫化烷基酚钙和高碱值合成磺酸镁组成；
优选的，高粘度聚-α烯烃基础油80份、多元醇酯合成油7份、抗磨剂0.4份、无灰型清净分散剂3份、抗氧抗腐剂1.3份、消泡剂0.001份、粘度指数改进剂3份、高碱值酸中和剂1.0份。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供了一种船用中速柴油发动机润滑油的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将高粘度聚-α烯烃基础油、多元醇酯合成油按比例加入到脉冲气动调合***中，边加温边利用气动脉冲调和，当温度至65℃时加入粘度指数改进剂，调和均匀；
2)再冷却到55℃-60℃之间，依次加入抗磨剂、无灰型清净分散剂、抗氧抗腐剂、高碱值酸中和剂、消泡剂各组分，再用气动脉冲调和40分钟后得本发明制备的节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油。
本发明采用了多种抗磨剂、无灰型清净分散剂、抗氧抗腐剂优化组合，并复配适合的其它功能添加剂，发挥添加剂之间的协同效应，提高了润滑油组合物的抗氧化性能、高温抗磨性能，同时提供了良好的活塞清净性和控制粘度增长能力。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面结合具体实施方式，对本发明进一步详细说明。应该理解，这些描述只是示例性的，而并非要限制本发明的范围。
一、实施例1至3中润滑油的各组分重量配比见表1，均以重量份数计：
表1实施例1-3中润滑油的各组分重量份数
二、采用以下制备方法制备船用中速柴油发动机润滑油
1)将高粘度聚-α烯烃基础油、多元醇酯合成油按比例加入到脉冲气动调合***中，边加温边利用气动脉冲调和，当温度至65℃时加入粘度指数改进剂，调和均匀；
2)再冷却到55℃-60℃之间，依次加入抗磨剂、无灰型清净分散剂、抗氧抗腐剂、高碱值酸中和剂、消泡剂各组分，再用气动脉冲调和40分钟后得本发明制备的节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油。
对比实施例1：
润滑油重量配比中以0.3重量份的磷酸二正丁脂或硫化烯烃棉籽油或苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐任意一种替代总重量为0.3重量份的重量比为磷酸二正丁脂：硫化烯烃棉籽油：苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐为6:3:7的混合物，其余组分和重量配比与实施例1相同。
对比实施例2
润滑油重量配比中以30重量份的磷酸二正丁脂或硫化烯烃棉籽油或苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐任意一种替代总重量为0.3重量份的重量比为磷酸二正丁脂：硫化烯烃棉籽油：苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐为6:3:7的混合物，其余组分和重量配比与实施例1相同。
1)利用PCS公司HFRR高频往复摩擦试验机对部分实施例及对比例进行了油品的高温抗磨损试验：
试验条件是载荷700g，频率20Hz，冲程2mm，温度120℃，试验结果如表2所示。
表2HFRR高频往复摩擦试验结果
样品来源 磨班直径/μm
实施例1 216
实施例2 228
实施例3 232
对比实施例1(取最小值) 286
对比实施例2(取最小值) 272
从表2可以看出，采用本发明实施例的磨斑直径要小于对比例，具有优异的抗磨性能，表明本发明中采用的抗磨剂中磷酸二正丁脂、硫化烯烃棉籽油、苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐三者具有协同增效的作用，采取相同量的单一抗磨剂抗磨效果不如复配的抗磨效果好，而且即使采取100倍重量的单一抗磨剂，其抗磨效果也不如百分之一重量的复配抗磨剂抗磨性能优异。
2)使用普通船用机油润滑油与本发明制备的发动机润滑油的燃油消耗量做对比试验；
在JX493ZLQ3柴油机试验台架上，运行转速为1000r/min的负荷特性试验，结果如表3:
表3燃油消耗率测试结果
试验结果表明采用本发明制备的润滑油可有效降低燃油消耗量，低功率和高功率都有明显的降低，尤其是在80kW时，对比数据表明燃油消耗量差别最大。所以采用本发明制备的润滑油可有效降低燃油量，从而降低运营成本，减少燃油使用量及其排放量，节能环保。
3)采用RHO1ZB4053的方法对本发明制备的产品测试微氧化诱导期，试验结果表明微氧化诱导时间在180.5-215.6min之间，表明本发明产品具有优异的抗氧化性能。
尽管已经详细描述了本发明的实施方式，但是应该理解的是，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对本发明的实施方式做出各种改变、替换和变更。

Claims (3)

1.一种节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油，所述润滑油由以下重量份的组分构成：
高粘度聚-α烯烃基础油72-83份、多元醇酯合成油6-8份、抗磨剂0.3-0.5份、无灰型清净分散剂2-5份、抗氧抗腐剂0.8-1.3份、消泡剂0.002-0.001份、粘度指数改进剂3-4份、高碱值酸中和剂0.7-1.2份；
所述高粘度聚-α烯烃基础油由3重量份的PAO100和1重量份的PAO300组成；
所述的多元醇酯合成油可以选自道达尔多元醇酯合成油Planetelf ACD 22#或美国CPI的CP-2931A中任意一种；
所述抗磨剂为磷酸二正丁脂、硫化烯烃棉籽油和苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐组成，重量比为磷酸二正丁脂：硫化烯烃棉籽油：苯并三氮唑脂肪胺盐为6:3:7；
所述无灰型清净分散剂由聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、聚异丁烯丁二酸酯、聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯组成，三者重量比为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺：聚异丁烯丁二酸酯：聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯=2:3:5；
所述抗氧抗腐剂由重量比为1:1的N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺和2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚组成；
所述消泡剂为植物油，所述植物油为菜籽油、大豆油中的任意一种；
所述粘度指数改进剂由聚异戊二烯共聚物、苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯丙烯共聚物组成，三者重量比为聚异戊二烯共聚物：苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物：乙烯丙烯共聚物为1:3:2；
所述高碱值酸中和剂由有机碱和无机碱组成，有机碱和无机碱的重量比为1:2；其中有机碱由重量比为1:1的1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯和1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯组成；无机碱由重量比为3:1的高碱值硫化烷基酚钙和高碱值合成磺酸镁组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油，其特征在于，所述润滑油由以下重量份的组分构成：
高粘度聚-α烯烃基础油80份、多元醇酯合成油7份、抗磨剂0.4份、无灰型清净分散剂3份、抗氧抗腐剂1.3份、消泡剂0.001份、粘度指数改进剂3份、高碱值酸中和剂1.0份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将高粘度聚-α烯烃基础油、多元醇酯合成油按比例加入到脉冲气动调合***中，边加温边利用气动脉冲调和，当温度至65℃时加入粘度指数改进剂，调和均匀；
再冷却到55℃-60℃之间，依次加入抗磨剂、无灰型清净分散剂、抗氧抗腐剂、高碱值酸中和剂、消泡剂各组分，再用气动脉冲调和40分钟后得本发明制备的节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油。
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