CN106082722B - 一种胶凝材料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种胶凝材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- AJGPQPPJQDDCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;hydron;oxalate Chemical group N.OC(=O)C(O)=O AJGPQPPJQDDCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GANDVAJEIJXBQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hydron;2-hydroxy-2-oxoacetate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)C([O-])=O GANDVAJEIJXBQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
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- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- JMTCDHVHZSGGJA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogenoxalate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)C([O-])=O JMTCDHVHZSGGJA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940062993 ferrous oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2] RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002306 biochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;oxalate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEVLJKYYUVTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=O)C(O)=O XEEVLJKYYUVTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
- C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
- C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
- C04B7/21—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators with calcium sulfate containing activators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种胶凝材料,其原料组成及重量份为铜渣300~600份、草酸或/和酸式草酸盐100~200份、调凝材料6~14份;将该胶凝材料应用在对Pb、Cu的固化中,固化效果显著,可以有效降低固化后重金属Pb和Cu的浸出浓度,而且操作过程简便,固化重金属Pb和Cu后的胶凝材料具有强度较高、后期稳定性好、常温快速硬化等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种胶凝材料及其应用,属于固废和重金属铅和铜污染治理技术领域。
背景技术
随着工业化和城市化的发展,重金属铅和铜污染逐渐成为全球性的环境问题,严重影响人类健康。通常所说的重金属铅和铜是指Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr等生物毒性元素。依据受到侵害的程度,分为轻微污染、轻度污染、中度污染、严重污染和极度污染等。主要表现在水体污染、大气污染,土壤重金属铅和铜污染。其中最多的是土壤重金属铅和铜污染,土壤重金属铅和铜污染是指由于人类活动,主要包括:采矿、冶炼、化工、制革、电镀、电子等工业生产以及污灌、农药、化肥等农业生产,将重金属铅和铜排放到土壤中,致使土壤中重金属铅和铜含量明显高于原有含量,并造成生态环境质量恶化的现象。与水体污染、大气污染相对比,土壤中重金属铅和铜污染具有很多特点,在土壤中的滞留时间长,而且不能被微生物降解。其在土壤中长期积累将影响土壤生态、农业生产能力、农产品质量和水资源,严重威胁人类和动物的健康。
目前有很多种方法技术治理重金属铅和铜污染,主要分为三大类:物理修复法,化学修复法,生物修复法。物理法主要包括客土法、热修复法、电动修复及玻璃化技术等。生物修复法主要包括植物修复、微生物修复、动物修复。化学法主要包括土壤淋洗法、有机质改良、化学稳定化。但是目前很多方法都存在不足,例如:客土法、玻璃化技术成本太高;热修复法只能处理挥发性的重金属铅和铜;电动修复法技术不成熟;生物法处理能力有限;土壤淋洗法对土壤环境改变大等不足。
其中使用最多的是化学固化/稳定化技术,其原理是通过固化基材将重金属铅和铜废物固定或包覆起来,从而解决重金属铅和铜的污染问题。目前,化学键合材料是一种最常见的固化基材。目前研究较多的是磷酸盐胶凝材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种胶凝材料,其原料组成及重量份为铜渣300~600份、草酸或/和酸式草酸盐100~200份、调凝材料6~14份。
所述铜渣粉磨至粒度140目筛筛余量不大于5%。
所述酸式草酸盐为草酸氢铵、草酸氢钠、草酸氢钾、草酸三氢钾中的一种或任意比几种。
所述调凝材料为硼酸、硼砂、脱硫石膏中的一种或任意比几种。
本发明另一目的是将上述胶凝材料应用在Pb物料或/和Cu物料固化中,按胶凝材料与待固化Pb物料或/和Cu物料的质量比为1:0.05~0.4的比例,在胶凝材料中添加待固化Pb物料或/和Cu物料,混匀,然后按胶凝材料与水的质量比为1:0.2~0.4的比例,在混合物中添加水,常温下搅拌混匀后浇注成型、脱模后养护;本方法实施后,重金属铅和铜浸出率可以达到《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3-2007)的相关要求,同时固化后的固化体具有一定抗压强度(大于10MPa),从而可以将其当建筑材料用于实际生活中。
具体步骤如下:
将铜渣研磨后,铜渣粉磨至粒度140目筛筛余量不大于5%,备用;按原料重量组成为铜渣300~600份、草酸或酸式草酸盐100~200份、调凝材料6~14份、一定量Pb物料或/和Cu物料,充分混匀后加入一定比例的水,充分搅拌;将混合物加到六连装20mm*20mm*20mm的模具中,夯实后,最后抹平泥浆表面,放在自然环境中养护,形成固化块;拆去固化块的模具,将固化块置于恒温恒湿的环境下继续养护,将养护28天后的固化块风干。
本发明的优点和积极效果:
(1)固化后的固化块中的重金属铅和铜浸出浓度可以达到《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3-2007)的相关要求;
(2)本发明采用的铜渣富含FeO,与草酸反应过程中会生成草酸亚铁的水化产物,其中草酸可以与重金属铅和铜反应生成重金属铅和铜草酸盐沉淀,另外草酸亚铁对重金属铅和铜离子具有吸附和包裹的作用,因此该铜渣基草酸盐胶凝材料在重金属铅和铜污染治理上具有很广泛的应用前景;
(3)本发明采用的主要原料为铜渣和草酸或酸式草酸盐,原料的价格都很低廉,另外,铜渣作为一种废渣,本身就是废弃物,只能简单堆存,利用铜渣基草酸盐胶凝材料还可以有效地固化/稳定化重金属铅和铜离子,这意味着不仅实现了固体废渣的综合利用,还实现了“利废治污”的环保理念。
(4)铜渣基草酸盐胶凝材料是利用铜渣与草酸或酸式草酸盐发生反应从而产生强度,拓展了工业废渣在固化重金属铅和铜中的综合利用。与磷酸盐化学键合材料相比,作为浇注材料使用,不仅具有凝固速度适中、早强快硬、体积稳定性好、耐久性好等特性,而且具有更好的黏结性。此外,该浇注材料大量地利用了铜渣,降低材料的成本,实现了铜渣的综合利用。
附图说明
图1是未加重金属的基材和实施例1、2的固化体的XRD图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例,对本发明作进一步的阐述,但本发明的技术内容不限于所述范围。
实施例1:本胶凝材料原料组成如下铜渣400g、草酸100g、硼砂8g;铜渣粉磨至粒度140目筛筛余量不大于5%;
将上述胶凝材料应用于Pb物料固化中,将铜渣400g、草酸100g、硼砂8g、26g硝酸铅混合,充分混匀后加入150g水,常温下搅拌混匀后,将混合物添加到六连装20mm*20mm*20mm的模具中,夯实后,最后抹平泥浆表面,在自然环境中养护,形成固化块;第二天拆去固化块的模具,将固化块置于恒温恒湿的环境下继续养护28天。由图1中的XRD分析可以看出,利用铜渣基草酸盐胶凝材料固化Pb后,固化体中生成了难溶的PbC2O2(2θ=21.1°和29.1°),从而可通过化学键合和物理包裹实现对Pb的固封。
根据《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)检测固化块的重金属铅毒性浸出。将固化块粉碎到粒径3mm以下,在 105℃下烘干,恒重至±0.01 g,称取7g固化块颗粒于具盖广口聚乙烯瓶中,加入70mL纯净水,按照《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)的步骤进行浸提和分析。实验设置三个平行样,测定数据为三次测定的平均值。固化后重金属铅浸出浓度结果如表1;
表1固化后重金属铅浸出浓度
。
实施例2:本胶凝材料原料组成如下铜渣500g、草酸100g、草酸氢钠50g、硼酸8g;铜渣粉磨至粒度140目筛筛余量不大于5%;
将上述胶凝材料应用于Cu物料固化中,将铜渣500g、草酸100g、草酸氢钠50g、硼酸8g、50g硝酸铜混合,充分混匀后加入260g水,常温下搅拌混匀后,将混合物添加到六连装20mm*20mm*20mm的模具中,夯实后,最后抹平泥浆表面,在自然环境中养护,形成固化块;第二天拆去固化块的模具,将固化块置于恒温恒湿的环境下继续养护28天。由图1中的XRD分析可以看出,利用铜渣基草酸盐胶凝材料固化Cu后,固化体中生成了难溶的CuC2O2(2θ=35.5°和47°),从而可通过化学键合和物理包裹实现对Cu的固封。
根据《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)检测固化块的重金属铜浸出毒性。将固化块粉碎到粒径3mm以下,在 105℃下烘干,恒重至±0.01 g,称取7g固化块颗粒于具盖广口聚乙烯瓶中,加入70ml纯净水,按照《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)的步骤进行浸提和分析。实验设置三个平行样,测定数据为三次测定的平均值。固化后重金属铜浸出浓度结果如表2;
表2固化后重金属铜浸出浓度
。
实施例3:本胶凝材料原料组成如下铜渣600g、草酸160g、硼砂6g、硼酸6g;铜渣粉磨至粒度140目筛筛余量不大于5%;
将上述胶凝材料应用于Pb物料固化中,将铜渣600g、草酸160g、硼砂6g、硼酸6g、25g硝酸铅、25份硝酸铜混合,充分混匀后加入160g水,常温下搅拌混匀后,将混合物添加到六连装20mm*20mm*20mm的模具中,夯实后,最后抹平泥浆表面,在自然环境中养护,形成固化块;第二天拆去固化块的模具,将固化块置于恒温恒湿的环境下继续养护28天。
根据《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)检测固化块的重金属铅和铜浸出毒性。将固化块粉碎到粒径3mm以下,在 105℃下烘干,恒重至±0.01 g,称取7g固化块颗粒于具盖广口聚乙烯瓶中,加入70mL纯净水,按照《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)的步骤进行浸提和分析。实验设置三个平行样,测定数据为三次测定的平均值。固化后重金属铅和铜浸出浓度结果如表3;
表3固化后重金属铅和铜浸出浓度
。
实施例4:本胶凝材料原料组成如下铜渣350g、草酸氢钾120g、脱硫石膏6g;铜渣粉磨至粒度140目筛筛余量不大于5%;
将上述胶凝材料应用于Pb物料固化中,将铜渣350g、草酸氢钾120g、脱硫石膏6g、190g份垃圾焚烧飞灰(铅含量为4.02g/kg,铜含量为1.13g/kg)混合,充分混匀后加入120g水,常温下搅拌混匀后,将混合物添加到六连装20mm*20mm*20mm的模具中,夯实后,最后抹平泥浆表面,在自然环境中养护,形成固化块;第二天拆去固化块的模具,将固化块置于恒温恒湿的环境下继续养护28天。
根据《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)检测固化块的重金属铅和铜浸出毒性。将固化块粉碎到粒径3mm以下,在 105℃下烘干,恒重至±0.01 g,称取7g固化块颗粒于具盖广口聚乙烯瓶中,加入70ml纯净水,按照《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)的步骤进行浸提和分析。实验设置三个平行样,测定数据为三次测定的平均值。固化后重金属铜浸出浓度结果如表4;
表4固化后重金属铅和铜浸出浓度
。
Claims (6)
1.一种胶凝材料在Pb物料或/和Cu物料固化中的应用,其特征在于:按胶凝材料与待固化Pb物料或/和Cu物料的质量比为1:0.05~0.4的比例,在胶凝材料中添加待固化Pb物料或/和Cu物料,混匀,然后按胶凝材料与水的质量比为1:0.2~0.4的比例,在混合物中添加水,常温下搅拌混匀后浇注成型、脱模后养护;
所述胶凝材料的原料组成及重量份为铜渣300~600份、草酸或/和酸式草酸盐100~200份、调凝材料6~14份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:铜渣粉磨至粒度140目筛筛余量不大于5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:酸式草酸盐为草酸氢铵、草酸氢钠、草酸氢钾、草酸三氢钾中的一种或任意比几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:调凝材料为硼酸、硼砂、脱硫石膏中的一种或任意比几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:Pb物料为Pb盐或含重金属Pb的垃圾焚烧飞灰,其中垃圾焚烧飞灰的铅含量低于5 g/kg。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:Cu物料为Cu盐或含重金属Cu的垃圾焚烧飞灰,其中垃圾焚烧飞灰的铜含量低于2g/kg。
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