CN106069694B - Seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069694B CN106069694B CN201610525877.1A CN201610525877A CN106069694B CN 106069694 B CN106069694 B CN 106069694B CN 201610525877 A CN201610525877 A CN 201610525877A CN 106069694 B CN106069694 B CN 106069694B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco and a preparation method thereof, wherein a seedling raising substrate is prepared by processing and mixing straw, cow dung, purple sand stone, vermiculite, potash fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer according to different proportions; the preparation method comprises the following steps: drying the collected straws in the sun for 30-35 days, performing smoldering carbonization in a cellar in an anoxic environment, crushing the product, and sieving the crushed product with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized straws; drying the cow dung for 10-15 days, and sieving the cow dung with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain dried cow dung particles; sterilizing purple sandstone and vermiculite at 570-650 ℃, and then crushing by a crusher; selecting a silicon-potassium fertilizer with potassium ore as a raw material and 24 percent of citrate-soluble potassium content and potassium humate with 10 percent of potassium content, crushing and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve; uniformly mixing the components according to the volume ratio, adding the mixture into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco. The substrate can reduce the flue-cured tobacco infection rate, improve the resistance and economic indexes and has strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco seedling culture, and particularly relates to a seedling culture matrix composition suitable for two-stage seedling culture of flue-cured tobacco and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The tobacco floating seedling is taken as a main seedling raising technology for promoting the factory tobacco seedling raising and intensive production in China to obtain greater income, and is characterized by high production efficiency, developed root system of tobacco seedlings, uniformity, less occurrence of diseases and easy control; with the increasing maturity of the floating seedling raising technology, a plurality of new problems are exposed; the root system of the floating seedling is developed, the root is more and longer, and can reach more than 30 cm; however, the transplanting of tobacco seedlings is inconvenient, and the tobacco seedlings grow in water for a long time, so that the oxygen concentration in the water is insufficient, the cell differentiation of the root system is hindered, the absorption function of the root system is weakened, the root hair is few, and the root system activity is poor; most of the roots growing in water have poor adaptability to drought stress, and the roots cannot play physiological functions and die gradually after being transplanted under a drought soil condition; in order to adapt to a new soil environment, the tobacco seedlings must emit new roots to absorb nutrition and moisture, so that the field seedling returning period of the tobacco seedlings is prolonged undoubtedly, the growth and development of the field are retarded in the early stage, and the tobacco plants grow irregularly.
Although the disadvantages of floating seedling are overcome to a certain extent by the novel seedling raising modes such as wet tray seedling raising, direct seeding plastic tray shallow water seedling raising, air whole root seedling raising, few-substrate two-section floating seedling raising and the like, the methods have many defects in the long run and need further research and exploration. The conventional seedling raising mode is improved by a writer in the two-section floating seedling raising link with less medium, and particularly the improvement of the seedling raising medium in the two-section seedling raising process is more favorable for promoting the growth of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, reducing diseases in the seedling stage and improving the seedling strengthening capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco and a preparation method thereof, which overcome the defects of the existing water-and-drought two-stage strong seedling raising technology of flue-cured tobacco, and by improving the substrate in the 'drought' stage strong seedling raising process, the tobacco seedlings can adapt to the drought and soil environment in advance, the root activity is improved, the elongation of main roots can be inhibited, the development of lateral roots is promoted, the seedling reviving period after transplanting is shortened, and great economic benefits are generated for the production of the flue-cured tobacco.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco is seedling substrate straw, cow dung, purple sand stone, vermiculite and potash fertilizer, the volume ratio of the seedling substrate composition is 3:3:2:5:1, and the weight of inorganic fertilizer prepared with 10cm 3 volume of seedling substrate is 135g of nitrogen and 45g of phosphorus pentoxide calculated by pure nutrients.
Furthermore, the straws in the seedling substrate composition are flue-cured tobacco straws, corn straws and sugarcane straws or a mixture of one or two of the flue-cured tobacco straws, the corn straws and the sugarcane straws, and the mixing ratio is 1:1: 1.
Furthermore, the cow dung in the seedling raising substrate composition is dried cow dung which is aired for 10-15 days, and the water content is kept within 5%.
Further, the potash fertilizer in the seedling culture substrate composition is potassium ore or potassium humate or a mixture of the potassium ore and the potassium humate, and the mixing ratio is 1: 1-3.
a method for preparing the matrix composition comprises the steps of drying collected straws for 30-35 days, then carrying out smoldering carbonization in a cellar in an anoxic environment, crushing a product, and sieving the crushed product with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized straws; drying the cow dung for 10-15 days, and then sieving the cow dung with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain dried cow dung particles; sterilizing purple sandstone and vermiculite at 570-650 ℃, and then crushing by a crusher; selecting a silicon-potassium fertilizer with potassium ore as a raw material and 24 percent of citrate-soluble potassium content and potassium humate with 10 percent of potassium content, crushing and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve; the weight of the inorganic fertilizer prepared with the seedling raising matrix with the volume of 10cm3 calculated by pure nutrients is respectively as follows: 135g of nitrogen and 45g of phosphorus pentoxide. Uniformly mixing the components according to the volume ratio, adding the mixture into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to generate a seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling culture of flue-cured tobacco; adding 10% by mass of nutrient mixed liquor into a dry seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco, fully dissolving, sealing, and storing in a warehouse for later use.
Furthermore, the added nutrient mixed liquor comprises water molecules and trace elements, wherein the trace elements comprise sulfur, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, sodium and selenium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The seedling growth environment highly imitates the nutrient requirement of field growth, and is more favorable for root system growth and improvement of seedling strengthening capability in a micro-ecological environment;
(2) Compared with the traditional nutrient soil, the cost of the nutrient soil matrix is reduced by 10-15 percent;
scientific experiments are carried out on K326 flue-cured tobacco in the Yongzhou tobacco area of Hunan, the seedling test is carried out in two years, in the first year, the secondary orthogonal rotation combined design of three factors and four levels is adopted, a mathematical model is established, and the optimal using amount and the method are obtained through fitting optimization. Finally, a scientific seedling raising method is formulated, and a high-efficiency intensive nutrient soil formula and content capable of obviously improving the quality of tobacco seedlings are calculated, so that the nutrient soil formula most beneficial to the growth of the seedlings is summarized.
Detailed Description
in order that the invention may be more readily understood, the following examples set forth more particular details, but are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
the method comprises the steps of selecting flue-cured tobacco K326 varieties, enabling a seedling substrate composition to be seedling substrate straws, cow dung, purple sandstone, vermiculite and potash fertilizer, enabling the seedling substrate composition to be seedling substrate straws, the cow dung to be dried for 10 days, enabling potash fertilizer to be potassium ore and potassium humate to be mixed according to a ratio of 1:1:1, enabling the seedling substrate composition to be prepared into inorganic fertilizer with the volume of 10cm 3, enabling the inorganic fertilizer to be prepared into seedling substrate straws, the cow dung to be dried for 10 days, enabling the potash fertilizer to be potassium ore and the potassium humate to be mixed according to a pure nutrient weight ratio of 135g and 45g, enabling the seedling substrate composition to be prepared into seedling substrate straws with the volume of 1:1:1, enabling the collected straws to be dried for 30 days, then conducting smoldering carbonization in a cellar oxygen-deficient environment, smashing products, enabling the straws to pass through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized straws, enabling the cow dung to pass through a warehouse to be dried for 10 days, obtaining dried cow dung particles of the dried cow dung, enabling the dried cow dung to pass through a pulverizer after being dried for 10 days, enabling the purple straws and the straws to be sterilized through the pulverizer after being selected, enabling the potassium ore to be prepared into potassium ore to be raw materials with the potassium ore, enabling the potassium ore to be prepared into the potassium fertilizer, enabling the potassium fertilizer to be prepared into the pure fertilizer, enabling the pure fertilizer to be mixed liquid to be mixed into the seedling substrate fertilizer, enabling the seedling substrate fertilizer to be mixed liquid to be mixed with the pure fertilizer, enabling the potassium fertilizer to be mixed liquid to be prepared into the seedling substrate fertilizer with the trace elements, enabling the trace elements to be mixed liquid to be mixed according.
Example 2
3Selecting flue-cured tobacco K326 varieties, selecting seedling substrate compositions which are seedling substrate straws, cow dung, purple sandstone, vermiculite and potash fertilizer in a volume ratio of 3:3:2:5:1, adding inorganic fertilizer prepared with 10cm3 volume of seedling substrate into a seedling substrate mixer, adding a seedling substrate mixture which is prepared with 135g of nitrogen and 45g of phosphorus pentoxide in a pure nutrient basis, adding flue-cured tobacco straws, corn straws and sugarcane straws in a mixing ratio of 1:1:1, drying the cow dung in the seedling substrate composition for 15 days in the sun, wherein the water content is 2.5%, adding the potash fertilizer in the seedling substrate composition is potassium humate, preparing the seedling substrate composition, drying the collected straws in the sun for 35 days, carbonizing the straws in a cellar in an anoxic environment in the shade, crushing the product, sieving the carbonized straws by an 80-mesh sieve to obtain dried cow dung, sieving the dried cow dung after 15 days in an 80-mesh warehouse to obtain dried cow dung particles, sterilizing the purple sandstone and the straws by a crusher after sterilizing by 650 ℃, crushing the potassium peat, adding the potassium sand stone and the dried cow dung into a water molecule fertilizer mixture which is prepared with a water molecule, adding a trace element mixture which is prepared by a trace element of zinc oxide, adding a trace element, stirring machine, and a trace element mixture which is suitable for two-cured tobacco, and is prepared by a trace element, and is mixed fertilizer, and is prepared by a trace element, wherein the two-cured tobacco seedling substrate mixture which is prepared by a trace element, the weight ratio of zinc fertilizer, the two-zinc fertilizer is added into a seedling substrate mixture of the flue-cured tobacco seedling substrate mixture of the two-cured.
Example 3: optimized fertilization test of the invention
The method comprises the steps of selecting flue-cured tobacco K326 varieties, mixing the selected flue-cured tobacco K326 varieties in a tobacco leaf base unit of soil city of Lanshan county, Yongzhou city, selecting seedling substrate compositions comprising seedling substrate straws, cow dung, purple sand stones, vermiculite and potash fertilizers according to a volume ratio of 3:3:2:5:1, preparing inorganic fertilizers of seedling substrate with a volume of 10cm 3, calculated by pure nutrients, 135g of nitrogen and 45g of phosphorus pentoxide, mixing the straws with flue-cured tobacco straws, corn straws and sugarcane straws according to a mixing ratio of 1:1:1, preparing dried cow dung in the seedling substrate compositions after airing for 13 days and 3.8% of water content, preparing potassium fertilizers in the seedling substrate compositions from potassium ores and potassium humate mixtures according to a mixing ratio of 2:3, preparing the seedling substrate by smashing the collected straws after 31 days, performing smoldering carbonization in a cellar in an anoxic environment, sieving with an 80-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized straws, drying the dried cow dung for 80 days to obtain dried cow dung, mixing the dried cow dung with potassium sand stones and vermiculite, preparing a potassium fertilizer mixture suitable for storing, adding the crushed flue-cured tobacco fertilizer with a crushed potassium fertilizer, and crushed potassium fertilizer according to a volume ratio of a crushed potassium fertilizer, wherein the crushed potassium fertilizer is calculated by a mixed fertilizer, the crushed potassium fertilizer is calculated by a mixed fertilizer, the crushed potassium fertilizer with a mixed fertilizer, the crushed potassium fertilizer is calculated by a mixed fertilizer, the crushed potassium fertilizer is mixed fertilizer with a crushed potassium fertilizer, the crushed potassium fertilizer is mixed fertilizer with a crushed potassium fertilizer, the crushed potassium fertilizer.
TABLE 1 comparison of maturity agronomic traits in flue-cured tobacco field trials of Yongzhou tobacco field for the present invention and conventional seedling
Remarking: the plant height in the mature period is a measured value after topping.
TABLE 2 comparison of economic character pairs of the present invention and general seedling raising method in flue-cured tobacco field test in Yongzhou tobacco district
| Test group | Mu yield (kg) | Mu yield value (Yuan) | Middle-grade tobacco leaf ratio (%) |
| Conventional seedling raising | 148.4 | 2697.4 | 68.47 |
| Example 1 | 153.8 | 2835.3 | 75.64 |
| Example 2 | 160.9 | 2894.5 | 79.18 |
| Example 3 | 165.8 | 3037.2 | 84.57 |
TABLE 3 comparison of the chemical quality inherent in the flue-cured tobacco field test in the Yongzhou tobacco district between the present invention and the general seedling raising method
| Test group | Total nitrogen | nicotine | Water-soluble sugar | Reducing sugar | Potassium salt | Nitrogen to base ratio |
| Conventional seedling raising | 2.55 | 2.79 | 24.18 | 16.28 | 2.47 | 0.91 |
| Example 1 | 2.39 | 2.48 | 24.69 | 18.64 | 3.25 | 0.96 |
| Example 2 | 2.37 | 2.41 | 24.88 | 19.67 | 3.68 | 0.98 |
| examples3 | 2.31 | 2.37 | 25.14 | 19.08 | 3.99 | 0.97 |
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. the seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco is characterized by comprising seedling substrate straws, cow dung, purple sand stone, vermiculite and potash fertilizer in a volume ratio of 3:3:2:5:1, wherein the potash fertilizer is a mixture of potassium ore and potassium humate and is mixed in a ratio of 1:1-3, the straws are a mixture of flue-cured tobacco straws, corn straws and sugarcane straws and are mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1, and the weight of an inorganic fertilizer prepared with 10cm 3 of the seedling substrate composition is 135g of nitrogen and 45g of phosphorus pentoxide in terms of pure nutrients, and the preparation method of the seedling substrate composition comprises the following steps:
1) Drying the collected straws for 30-35 days, then carrying out smoldering carbonization in a cellar in an anoxic environment, crushing the product, and sieving the crushed product with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain carbonized straws;
2) Drying the cow dung for 10-15 days, and sieving the cow dung with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain dried cow dung particles;
3) Sterilizing purple sandstone and vermiculite at 650 ℃ with 570-;
4) Selecting a silicon potash fertilizer with potassium ore as a raw material and citric acid potassium with 24 percent of potassium-soluble potassium content and a wood peat as a raw material, crushing the silicon potash fertilizer and the wood peat as the raw material, and sieving the crushed silicon potash fertilizer and the wood peat with 80-mesh sieves, wherein the inorganic fertilizer prepared with a seedling raising substrate composition with the volume of 10cm 3 comprises 135g of nitrogen and 45g of phosphorus pentoxide in terms of pure nutrients;
5) Uniformly mixing the components according to the volume ratio, adding the mixture into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring to generate a seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling culture of flue-cured tobacco; adding 10% by mass of nutrient mixed liquor into a dry seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco, fully dissolving, sealing, and storing in a warehouse for later use.
2. The seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the cow dung in the seedling substrate composition is dried cow dung after being aired for 10-15 days, and the water content is kept within 5%.
3. The seedling substrate composition suitable for two-stage seedling raising of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the added nutrient mixed liquor comprises water molecules and trace elements, wherein the trace elements comprise sulfur, magnesium, calcium, ferrum, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, sodium and selenium.
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Effective date of registration: 20191104 Address after: 562400 Guizhou Province, Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xingyi Fumin Road No. 13 Applicant after: Guizhou Tobacco Corp. Qianxi'nan Corp. Applicant after: Inst. of Vegetables, Hunan Prov. Address before: 562400 Guizhou Province, Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xingyi Fumin Road No. 13 Applicant before: Guizhou Tobacco Corp. Qianxi'nan Corp. |
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