CN106069259A - A kind of fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method - Google Patents

A kind of fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106069259A
CN106069259A CN201610467400.2A CN201610467400A CN106069259A CN 106069259 A CN106069259 A CN 106069259A CN 201610467400 A CN201610467400 A CN 201610467400A CN 106069259 A CN106069259 A CN 106069259A
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branch
remain
fructus sapindi
sapindi mukouossi
major branch
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CN201610467400.2A
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CN106069259B (en
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姜翠翠
卢新坤
***
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Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method, first from the beginning of Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seedling planting is then, cultivate Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi major branch, secondary major branch, side shoot and trimming pruning method, concrete steps include: surely do, major branch of selecting and remain, secondary major branch of selecting and remain, side shoot of selecting and remain, Juvenile Stage are pruned with fruiting period, its objective is cultivate and regulation Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi tree vigo(u)r, update tree-like make its towards open a business downgrade direction develop;Update branch, improve Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi yield;Reduce pest and disease damage to occur.The method has easy popularization simple to operate, easy to learn, effect stability, has no side effect, less investment, and yield is high, is effective new technique of increasing income of peasant's abridged edition.

Description

A kind of fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method
Technical field
The invention belongs to Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi plant development technical field, be specifically related to a kind of fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi pruning side Method.
Background technology
Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi (Sapindus mukorossi) it is Sapindaceae Sapindus defoliation small arbor, it is distributed widely in the southeast Sub-various countries, Japan, TaiWan, China and Huaihe River areas to the south, have quite varied value, and son (four suffered from by the oil that is otherwise known as River), fertile pearl (Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong), soap fruit (Hekou, Yunnan Province), bitter suffer from tree (Hainan), mesh wave tree (Taiwan), Devil Frown Deng.The fruit of Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi has important value, and the saponin contained in its peel and aglycon are respectively provided with the strongest non-ionic surface Active function, is excellent natural detergent, can be used to manufacture toothpaste, shampoo, soap, sterilization and agrochemical;Additionally, Can with cough-relieving, reduce phlegm, treat and bring down a fever;The most also there is multiple biological activity, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antiplatelet Gathering, anti-pain and antiinflammatory etc..Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi kernel oil content is high, is a kind of novel to prepare biodiesel raw material.Plantation at present Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi mostly be timber afforestation forest, Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi nursery stock more than 90% is the seedling that Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi seed directly sows cultivation, set body The tallest and the biggest, extensive management, the most tree-like, it is allowed to free growth, causes product fruit rate low, of poor benefits, there is biennial bearing knot Fruit is serious.Therefore the present inventor has invented a kind of method being applicable to the trimming pruning of fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi, cultivates and regulates without suffering from Subtree gesture, updates Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi tree-like, improves Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi yield.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method, can by the pruning method of the present invention With cultivate and regulation Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi tree vigo(u)r, update tree-like make its towards open a business downgrade direction develop;Update branch, improve Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi product Amount;Reduce pest and disease damage to occur.The method has easy popularization simple to operate, easy to learn, effect stability, has no side effect, less investment, output Height, is effective new technique of increasing income of peasant's abridged edition.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) fixed dry: after Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi nursery stock definite value First Year survives, to stay trunk 40 ~ 50cm surely to do.Surely the time of doing is typically chosen Carry out after winter dormancy then planting.
(2) select and remain major branch: fixed dry after, the branch grown from trunk is selected and remain 3 ~ 5 be evenly distributed, branch that angle is moderate stays Making major branch, remaining is cut;If the branch grown from trunk is less than 3, can be supplemented with at next year.If the major branch selected and remain Angle is little, can artificially correct, and typically uses stay cord, hangs stone stone roller or reach desired angle by ways such as branch fork strut so that it is with The angle of trunk is tried one's best between 60 ~ 90 degree.Selecting and remain of major branch is typically implemented in the winter time, also can spring, summer enforcement.In spring, summer Select and remain major branch, be primarily directed to those angles or direction " almost " with regard to preferable branch, because it is in tender or semi-lignified State, by making its angle or direction more preferable by maneuvers such as branch, curved branch and the torsion tips.
(3) select and remain secondary major branch: when major branch grow to 40 ~ 50cm and the most aging time, to major branch enforcement cutting back light, middle, promote it and take out Branch estranged, select and remain in all branches direction and 2 ~ 4, the preferable branch of angle, cultivated and become secondary major branch.Select and remain secondary main Branch selected angle of should trying one's best is opened a business, is reasonably distributed, without pest and disease damage, the vigorous branches that has no mechanical damage.
Select and remain secondary major branch time, select with major branch is the branch of left and right angle as far as possible, it is to avoid selecting with major branch is upper and lower angle Branch, the branch being particularly directed downward;The possible angle of secondary major branch and major branch should be retained between 45 ~ 60 degree.To adjust The direction of the secondary major branch of joint and angle, it is possible to the method using regulation major branch, adjust direction and the angle of secondary major branch.The choosing of secondary major branch Stay and typically implement the most in the winter time, also can spring, summer, enforcement in autumn.
(4) select and remain side shoot: side shoot select and remain should be according to tree-like, tree vigo(u)r, planting density and landform depending on, the side shoot stayed should Be be evenly distributed, angle rationally, do not intersect, the most overlapping, do not affect that ventilation printing opacity, tree crown be compact, the branch of the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school or more prosperous Bar.Side shoot of selecting and remain should be avoided selecting and secondary main branch angles too small (less than 25 degree), the branch being directed downward as far as possible;Every secondary major branch Retaining side shoot 2 ~ 5, sparse place can retain the most more.
(5) Juvenile Stage and fruiting period are pruned: first cut off overstocked branch, intersect branch, interior thorax branch, sick branch, slim and frahile branch and under Weeping branch;Again para-position set high, the branch of over growth carry out in, weight cutting back, promote its take out send out a branch, delayed prosperous growing way, made tree Hat growth balances, neatly;To growing too high and eugonic top branch group, from base portion saw except not staying pile crown.
Pruning for earsh the gentliest should not weigh, in addition to above-mentioned branch, to cutting should retaining temporarily of can not cutting.For containing The really tree of phase, what its bearing basal shoot should take " long cutting back " cuts method, several bearing basal shoots on the most same side shoot, and half weight is the shortest Cutting and be used for updating branch, second half light cutting back is used for result.In a word, the method for cutting of pruning, based on cutting back, is deleted in conjunction with dredging;Should examine Consider the effect of individual plant, take into account between individual plant and individual plant again or even the impact of the overall Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi woods.
(6) other ancillary methods
1. excessive when the extension of Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi tree crown, when artificial measures cannot effectively control, medicine control mode can be taked.Method It is: in spring by 2.5wt% paclobutrazol medicinal liquid, to be sprayed on twig by the concentration of 50 times of liquid, suppress its increment.
2., after Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi treelet is surely dry, without branch or few branch, when remaining a trunk, can tie up above trunk Live, toward oblique pull more than 45 degree, weaken its apical dominance, sprouting branch in the middle part of promotion trunk.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, the present invention carries out systematic study to fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi is tree-like first;2, sum up The method going out a set of applicable fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi pruning, tree-like simple, manageability, easily operate, it is simple to fruit picking;3, this is tree-like Branch group is reasonably distributed, and in woods, ventilation and penetrating light is good, updates branch, improves yield;Reduce pest and disease damage to occur.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The happy shape of the many major branches of Fig. 1 Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi is tree-like.
Fig. 2 Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi heading height.
Fig. 3 Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi major branch and the angle of trunk.
Detailed description of the invention
For the features described above of the present invention and advantage can be become apparent, special embodiment below, it is described in detail below, But the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) fixed dry: after Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi nursery stock definite value First Year survives, to stay trunk 45cm surely to do, surely do selection of time in plantation Carry out after winter dormancy then;
(2) select and remain major branch: fixed dry after, the branch grown from trunk is selected and remain 4 be evenly distributed and the angle of trunk 60 ~ Branch between 90 degree gives over to major branch, and remaining is cut, if the branch grown from trunk is less than 3, can mend at next year again Filling, selecting and remain of major branch is implemented in the winter time;
(3) select and remain secondary major branch: when major branch grow to 40 ~ 50 cm and the most aging time, to major branch enforcement cutting back light, middle, promote its pumping and divide Branch, angle of selecting and remain in all branches opens a business, is evenly distributed, without pest and disease damage, 3, branch having no mechanical damage, is trained For secondary major branch;
Select and remain secondary major branch time, selecting with major branch is the branch of left and right angle, it is to avoid selecting with major branch is the branch of upper and lower angle, special Not being the branch being directed downward, the possible angle of secondary major branch and major branch should be retained between 45 ~ 60 degree, selecting and remain in the winter of secondary major branch Season implements;
(4) select and remain side shoot: side shoot select and remain should be according to tree-like, tree vigo(u)r, planting density and landform depending on, the side shoot stayed should be point Cloth is uniform, angle rationally, do not intersect, the most overlapping, do not affect that ventilation printing opacity, tree crown be compact, the branch of the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school or more prosperous, choosing Staying side shoot should avoid selecting and secondary main branch angles too small (less than 25 degree), the branch being directed downward, every secondary major branch retains side shoot 3 Root, sparse place can retain the most more;
(5) Juvenile Stage and fruiting period are pruned: first cut off overstocked branch, intersect branch, interior thorax branch, sick branch, slim and frahile branch and descending branch, During branch strong to apical dominance, over growth is carried out again, weigh cutting back, promote it and take out a branch, delayed prosperous growing way, and made tree crown Growth balance, neat, to growing too high and eugonic top branch group, from base portion saw except not staying pile crown.
Pruning for earsh the gentliest should not weigh, in addition to above-mentioned branch, to cutting should retaining temporarily of can not cutting, for containing The really tree of phase, what its bearing basal shoot should take " long cutting back " cuts method, several bearing basal shoots on the most same side shoot, and half weight is the shortest Cutting and be used for updating branch, second half light cutting back is used for result, and in a word, the method for cutting of pruning, based on cutting back, is deleted in conjunction with dredging, Ji Yaokao Consider the effect of individual plant, take into account between individual plant and individual plant again or even the impact of the overall Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi woods.
Field experiment
The enforcement time: 2011-2016 years
Enforcement place: Jianning County, Sanming City, Fujian Province Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi Demonstration Base, area 102 mu.
Specific implementation method:
Cultivating the many major branches of Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi happy shape tree crown, after the plantation of Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi First Year survives, planting, winter dormancy then is laggard Row is fixed dry, stays trunk 40 ~ 50cm.The Second Year winter cuts, fixed dry after, the branch grown from trunk is selected and remain 3 ~ 5 be evenly distributed, The branch that angle is moderate gives over to major branch, and remaining is cut;If the branch grown from trunk is less than 3, can mend again at next year Fill.If the major branch angle selected and remain is little, can artificially correct, typically use stay cord, hang stone stone roller or reach by ways such as branch fork strut To desired angle so that it is and the angle of trunk is as far as possible between 60 ~ 90 degree.Also can select and remain in spring, summer major branch, be primarily directed to Those angles or direction " almost " are with regard to preferable branch, because it is in tender or semi-lignified state, by by branch, curved branch and Turning round the maneuvers such as the tip makes its angle or direction more preferable.
Within 3rd year, prune: typically implement in the winter time, when major branch grow to 40 ~ 50cm and the most aging time, to major branch enforcement gently, in Cutting back, promotees its pumping branch, select and remain in all branches direction and 2 ~ 4, the preferable branch of angle, is cultivated and becomes secondary main Branch.Secondary major branch of selecting and remain selected angle of should trying one's best is opened a business, is reasonably distributed, without pest and disease damage, the vigorous branches that has no mechanical damage.Pair of selecting and remain major branch Time, selection and major branch are the branch of left and right angle as far as possible, it is to avoid selection and major branch are the branch of upper and lower angle, particularly direction court Under branch;The possible angle of secondary major branch and major branch should be retained between 45 ~ 60 degree.Direction and angle to the secondary major branch of regulation Degree, it is possible to the method using regulation major branch, adjusts direction and the angle of secondary major branch.Selecting and remain of side shoot should be according to tree-like, tree vigo(u)r, kind Depending on density in planting and landform, the side shoot stayed should be evenly distributed, angle rationally, do not intersect, the most overlapping, do not affect ventilation thoroughly Light, tree crown are compact, the branch of the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school or more prosperous.Side shoot of selecting and remain should avoid selecting with pair that main branch angles is too small (is less than as far as possible 25 degree), the branch being directed downward;Every secondary major branch retains side shoot 2 ~ 5, and sparse place can retain the most more.
Within 4th year, prune: Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi enters the just fruit phase, first cut off overstocked branch, the branch, interior thorax branch, sick branch, slim and frahile of intersecting Branch and descending branch;Again para-position set high, the branch of over growth carry out in, weight cutting back, promote its take out send out a branch, delayed prosperous length Gesture, makes tree crown growth balance, neatly;To growing too high and eugonic top branch group, from base portion saw except not staying pile crown.
Pruning for earsh the gentliest should not weigh, in addition to above-mentioned branch, to cutting should retaining temporarily of can not cutting.For place The tree in the best fruiting period, what its bearing basal shoot should take " long cutting back " cuts method, several bearing basal shoots on the most same side shoot, half weight Cutting back is used for updating branch, and second half light cutting back is used for result.
Our 5 years raw Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi bearing-age trees to pruning in this way carry out surveying product, the results detailed in following table for continuous 2 years:
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equalizations done according to scope of the present invention patent change and repair Decorations, all should belong to the covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method, it is characterised in that specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) fixed dry: after Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi nursery stock definite value First Year survives, to stay trunk 40 ~ 50cm surely to do, surely do selection of time and planting Plant and carry out after winter dormancy then;
(2) select and remain major branch: fixed dry after, 3 ~ 5 preferable branches of selecting and remain in the branch grown from trunk give over to major branch, and remaining is cut Fall, if the branch grown from trunk less than 3, should be supplemented with at next year, selecting and remain in the winter time or spring or summer of major branch Implement;
(3) select and remain secondary major branch: when major branch grow to 40 ~ 50cm and the most aging time, to major branch enforcement cutting back light, middle, promote its pumping and divide Branch, 2 ~ 4 preferable branches of selecting and remain in all branches, cultivated and become secondary major branch;
(4) select and remain side shoot: every secondary major branch retains side shoot 2 ~ 5, the side shoot stayed should be evenly distributed, angle rationally, do not hand over Fork, the most overlapping, do not affect that ventilation printing opacity, tree crown be compact, the branch of the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school or prosperous branch, side shoot of selecting and remain is avoided selecting and secondary master The branch that branch angle is less than 25 degree, is directed downward;
(5) Juvenile Stage and fruiting period are pruned: first cut off overstocked branch, intersect branch, interior thorax branch, sick branch, slim and frahile branch and descending branch, During branch strong to apical dominance, over growth is carried out again, weigh cutting back, promote it and take out a branch, delayed prosperous growing way, and made tree crown Growth balance, neat, to growing too high and eugonic top branch group, from base portion saw except not staying pile crown;
Pruning for earsh the gentliest should not weigh, and for the tree in the best fruiting period, what its bearing basal shoot should take " long cutting back " cuts method, Several bearing basal shoots on the most same side shoot, half weight cutting back is used for updating branch, and second half light cutting back is used for result.
Fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: reason in described step (2) Think that branch is to be evenly distributed on direction and the angle of the trunk branch between 60 ~ 90 degree.
Fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: reason in described step (3) Think branch be angle open a business, be evenly distributed, without pest and disease damage, the vigorous branches that has no mechanical damage, and be left and right angle with major branch, angle exists Between 45 ~ 60 degree.
Fruit picking Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi shaping and trimming method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi tree crown extends Excessive, when artificial measures cannot effectively control, take 2.5wt% paclobutrazol medicinal liquid, be sprayed at twig by the concentration of 50 times of liquid On, suppress its increment.
CN201610467400.2A 2016-06-24 2016-06-24 A kind of fruit picking soapberry shaping and trimming method Expired - Fee Related CN106069259B (en)

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CN109804800A (en) * 2019-03-27 2019-05-28 湖南省林业科学院 A kind of Honeysuckle flower shaping and trimming method

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