CN106052625B - The method for measuring cylinder concentricity - Google Patents
The method for measuring cylinder concentricity Download PDFInfo
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- CN106052625B CN106052625B CN201610699607.2A CN201610699607A CN106052625B CN 106052625 B CN106052625 B CN 106052625B CN 201610699607 A CN201610699607 A CN 201610699607A CN 106052625 B CN106052625 B CN 106052625B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B21/24—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing alignment of axes
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Abstract
The present invention relates to detection fields, provide a kind of method for measuring cylinder concentricity, the concentricity measurement at each position inside circular cylinder body or uniform regular hollow body, the concentricity being especially adapted for use at each position in measurement cylinder of rotary kiln inside；The method of above-mentioned measurement cylinder concentricity is on the benchmark perpendicular using the centre of total station or theodolite, and the angle needed using the setting of instrument altitude circle, keeps instrument sight determinand concentric line parallel.Benchmark perpendicular sets up instrument, measures on each tested point of determinand the concentricity that adjustment cylinder concentric points are instructed with the positively related distances of displacement of concentric points in the horizontal and vertical directions by instrument sight.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to detection fields, provide a kind of method for measuring cylinder concentricity, for circular cylinder body or uniform rule
The then concentricity measurement inside hollow body at each position is especially adapted for use in inside measurement cylinder of rotary kiln at each position
Concentricity.
Background technique
Production technology development is maked rapid progress, and the raising of manufacturing requirements requires the raising of corresponding mounting technique, installation essence
The raising of degree.Gradually developed at present to the production technology of rotary kiln, mineral hot furnace with the iron-smelting process of sintering, blast furnace.It is more and more
Ironmaking enterprise selection rotary kiln, mineral hot furnace production technology replace sintering, blast fumance technique.In cement industry production system
In, rotary kiln production technology is also popularized.While rotary kiln production technology obtains universal, also have apparent toward enlargement development
Trend.Rotary kiln undertakes process more important in above-mentioned production technology, is the primary clustering in complete set of equipments.
The main structure of rotary kiln is circular cylinder body, and for the needs for meeting enlarged development trend, the overall length of cylinder is often
Greater than 100m, cylinder internal diameter is commonly greater than 4m.Barrel body rotation is arranged on the base, and pedestal is at both ends of the cylinder body（It is located at high-end
Kiln hood, at the kiln tail of low side）Rotational support is provided for cylinder.For the amount of deflection for reducing cylinder, it is additionally provided on the base
It is used to support the support wheel of cylinder, the wheel belt of cylinder is mobile to be arranged on support wheel.The cylinder currently operated, overall length are
110m, the cylinder that internal diameter is 4.5m are also more common.Make this large-size cylinder body often use workshop sectional making cylinder section, scene according to
The secondary method to connect cylinder section.The cylinder section of workshop production, precision are easier to guarantee, can be regarded as constituting the standard element of cylinder.
When in-site installation, for the gradient and cylinder of cylinder（Especially at the wheel belt of cylinder）Concentricity all have it is higher
It is required that.By taking above-mentioned overall length is 110m, internal diameter is the cylinder of 4.5m as an example, entire cylinder is made of 10 sections, 9 connectors, Mei Gejie
Head needs field assembly erecting and welding.Cylinder after the installation is completed, whole gradient is 3.5 ﹪, according to industrial cement rotary kiln skill
Art requirement, the concentricity of entire cylinder, the precision at wheel belt（Concentricity tolerance）Less than 4mm, the precision at kiln hood, kiln tail is small
It is less than 12mm in the precision of 5mm, remaining position.
In the prior art, measuring the concentricity of cylinder compared with the method mostly used is to hang steel wire method.Referring to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2,
4 pilot measurement of the benchmark center of circle of 1 rear and front end of cylinder is generated on the inner wall at 1 both ends of cylinder and is drawn a little, cylinder inboard wall is same being located at
Two on root bus are drawn on a little drawing steel wire 2,3, keep plane where steel wire 2 and cylinder concentric line and steel wire 3 and cylinder same
Plane where heart line is vertical, drawing the vertical range a little measured respectively to steel wire 2,3 and adjust two distances from 1 both ends of cylinder
This two are made to be equidistant, each section of intermediate cylinder carries out measurement adjustment using same method.When it is implemented, needing from cylinder
Two faces of difference in body 1 pull steel wire, and two faces needs are in 90 °, only in this way just can guarantee the measurement of cylinder concentricity, increase
Working strength is added；Since the influence steel wire of steel wire self gravity generates falling phenomenon, catenary is formed, measurement has been seriously affected
Precision, or even cause the measurement result of mistake；The position of steel wire endpoint is difficult to determine, the position of two steel wires and cylinder center of circle line
The face of composition is in 90 °, and the determination difficulty of 6 points is larger in installation at the scene, be easy to cause the distortion in face；In addition, with steel is drawn
Line span is not intuitive from measurement cylinder concentricity, is easy to produce the collimation error.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for measuring cylinder concentricity, for circular cylinder body or uniformly regular hollow
Concentricity measurement at each position of interior of articles is especially adapted for use in concentric at each position inside measurement cylinder of rotary kiln
Degree.
The purpose of the present invention is be achieved through the following technical solutions：
The method for measuring cylinder concentricity, including cylinder, the center of circle of each cross section of cylinder are cylinder on the cross section
Concentric points, it is further comprising the steps of：
A. the benchmark center of circle of the cross section at cylinder both ends is determined：Two benchmark centers of circle are respectively the high-end center of circle and low side circle
The heart, the straight line that two benchmark centers of circle determine are the concentric line of cylinder；
B. pilot measurement is drawn a little：Two draw a little be respectively it is high-end draw a little draw a little with low side；Using instrument, the base that step A is determined
For the equidirectional downward pilot measurement of the director circle heart in cylinder inner circle, the high-end center of circle and the low side center of circle, which respectively correspond, generates high-end draw a little and low side
Draw a little；Two benchmark centers of circle and two, which draw, to be a little located on the same vertical guide, which is benchmark perpendicular；
C. steel wire is set up：Drawn a little with two described in step B for basic point, pulls a steel wire；It is vertical that steel wire is located at benchmark
In plane and it is parallel to concentric line, vacantly the distance H away from cylinder inboard wall is 180-220mm to steel wire；
D. instrument is set up：It using steel wire described in step C as centering benchmark, determines that instrument stan sets up an office, instrument centering is flattened
It is erected on steel wire, the distalmost end of any one benchmark center of circle or steel wire in the minds of two basic circles of backsight makes to pass through instrument eyepiece
It is located in benchmark perpendicular with the straight line of object lens；It will be adjusted to put down with concentric line by the straight line of instrument eyepiece and object lens again
Row；It is instrument sight by the straight line of instrument eyepiece and object lens；
E. concentricity is measured：
Distance L of the measurement cylinder any end inner wall minimum point to instrument sight1：It is surveyed using instrument, by linear gauge
Measure cylinder any end inner wall minimum point to instrument sight distance L1；
Distance L of the measurement cylinder tested point inner wall minimum point to instrument sight1′：It is measured using instrument, by linear gauge
Distance L of the cylinder any end inner wall minimum point to instrument sight out1′；
Compare L1And L1' value obtain the concentricity Y of the concentric points on the tested point in the vertical direction1：Calculate L1- L1′
Value obtain the displacement Y of the concentric points on the tested point in the vertical direction1, Y1As cylinder is concentric on the tested point
The concentricity of point in the vertical direction；
Measure the concentricity Y of cylinder concentric points in the horizontal direction2：Utilize the opposite side of apex angle bisection angle in isosceles triangle
Equal principle finds out intersection point A, the A point of the inner wall of instrument sight and cylinder tested point side on an instrument sight elevation angle
Angle between the line and benchmark perpendicular of centre is ∠ A；It is to be measured in cylinder on the same instrument sight elevation angle
On the inner wall of the point other side, instrument sight and the cylinder side inner wall meet at B point, and the line and benchmark of B point and centre are vertical
The angle of interplanar is ∠ B, makes ∠ A=∠ B；Set up point by linear gauge of A point, keep linear gauge horizontal, linear gauge with
The inner wall of the cylinder tested point other side meets at B ' point；Measured respectively using instrument, by linear gauge A point, B ' it is perpendicular to benchmark
The distance L of straight plane2And L2′；Calculate L2- L2' value obtain on the tested point because of cross circular section caused by Concentricity tolerance
The displacement Y of string A B ' in the horizontal direction2。
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Centre is arranged on benchmark perpendicular, that is, the arbitrary point seen by instrument eyepiece and object lens all exists
On benchmark perpendicular；And it is equal with the gradient of cylinder to adjust gradient of the instrument sight on benchmark perpendicular, that is, in benchmark
On perpendicular, instrument sight is parallel with concentric line；Benchmark perpendicular sets up instrument, measures cylinder by instrument sight
Each concentric points directly or indirectly obtain each concentric points of cylinder with the distance in vertical direction in the horizontal direction in the horizontal direction
With the concentricity in vertical direction.
Obviously, the effect of hung steel wire is the positioning datum provided for erection instrument in the horizontal direction, steel in the present invention
Line is sagging not to be had an impact for setting up instrument, and relative to traditional extension steel wire method, the accuracy and reliability of measurement is all higher,
Operation also tends to be simple.
As to the improved technical solution of the present invention, instrument stan sets up an office positioned at the high-end outside of cylinder.
This improvement, although the height that instrument stan sets up an office increased compared with the low side outside that instrument is erected to cylinder,
But more meet ergonomics.
As to further improved technical scheme of the present invention, linear gauge is Sopwith staff.
As to another improved technical solution of the invention, linear gauge is tape measure.
As to further improved technical scheme of the present invention, instrument is total station.
As to another improved technical solution of the invention, instrument is theodolite.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to hang steel wire method specific embodiment schematic diagram in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the side view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the distribution schematic diagram of the benchmark center of circle and concentric points；
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram when pilot measurement is drawn；
Fig. 5 is to draw point sample dotting punch to set up steel wire support schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is to set up instrumentation diagram；
Schematic diagram when Fig. 7 is the side view of Fig. 6, measurement cylinder concentricity.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described：
Referring to shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the method for measuring cylinder concentricity, including cylinder 1, the circle of each cross section of cylinder 1
The heart is concentric points 10 of the cylinder 1 on the cross section, further comprising the steps of：
A. the benchmark center of circle 4,7 of the cross section at 1 both ends of cylinder is determined：Two benchmark centers of circle are respectively the high-end center of circle 4 and low
The center of circle 7 is held, the straight line that two benchmark centers of circle 4,7 determine is the concentric line 5 of cylinder.
The concentric points 10 for needing to measure concentricity are tested point.
There are many ways to center of circle of certain cross section is determined in cylinder 1, there are two types of more commonly used methods：Use profession
Determination that instrument is determining and use is plan, this two method is all the prior art.At the construction field (site), it takes using the determining side that plans more
Method, also using using determining method of planing in this case.
Specific embodiment is summarized as follows：To make the center of circle be reliably fixed display, in inner barrel reliable arrangement dial plate（Figure
In be not shown）, dial plate is located on the cross section at 1 both ends of cylinder, plans directly in mark lining out.Use scribing line of planing
When, the aperture for bipod of planing（The effective length plan）It is equal with the radius length of 1 cross section inner circle of cylinder；The two of cylinder 1
Arc, generally 0 ° upper, 90 °, 180 ° 270 ° with circle are drawn in 1 cross section inner circle different location of cylinder with planing in end（With the minimum of the circle
Point is starting point, is in a counterclockwise direction positive direction）Four points are that origin draws arc, and the intersection point of circular arc is the base of 1 end face of cylinder
The director circle heart.For large-size cylinder body, if inner barrel is provided with support frame, can directly cross on the support frame, by basic circle
The heart is shown on the support frame.
The benchmark center of circle 4,7 determined is performed into sample dotting punch label 11,12 respectively.
The benchmark center of circle high-end positioned at cylinder 1 is the high-end center of circle 4, is the low side center of circle positioned at the benchmark center of circle of 1 low side of cylinder
7。
The straight line that the high-end center of circle 4 and the low side center of circle 7 determine is the concentric line 5 of cylinder.
B. pilot measurement draws a little 8,9：Two draw a little be respectively it is high-end draw a little 8 and low side draw a little 9；Using instrument, step A is determined
The equidirectional downward pilot measurement in the benchmark center of circle 4,7 in 1 inner circle of cylinder, the high-end center of circle 4 and the low side center of circle 7 respectively correspond generate it is high-end
Draw a little 8 and low side draw a little 9；Two benchmark centers of circle 4,7 and two draw and a little 8,9 are located on the same vertical guide, which is base
Quasi- perpendicular 6；By determined it is high-end draw a little 8 and low side draw and a little 9 carry out sample dotting punch label 11,12.
Above-mentioned pilot measurement is drawn a little using the method for instrument cultellation.
At the installation site, the method pilot measurement for also more often adopting messenger wire pendant is drawn a little, so that line pendant line is crossed the cylinder benchmark center of circle will be high-end
The center of circle and low side center of circle pilot measurement on the inner wall at cylinder both ends it is corresponding generate it is high-end draw a little draw a little with low side.This method is existing
Technology, this is not repeated.
C. steel wire is set up：Drawn a little with two described in step B 8,9 for basic point, one steel wire of accessible drawing（Do not show in figure
Out）；Steel wire is located in benchmark perpendicular 6 and is parallel to concentric line 5, and vacantly the distance H away from cylinder inboard wall is 180- to steel wire
220mm。
When it is implemented, 1 inner wall of cylinder it is high-end draw a little 8 and low side draw a little 9 sample dotting punch 11,12 on all weld steel wire branch
Support 13.Steel wire is fixed on steel wire support frame 13, be located at steel wire in benchmark perpendicular 6 and is parallel to concentric line 5, steel
Vacantly the distance H away from cylinder inboard wall is 180-220mm to line.In this case, for convenience of using, distance of the steel wire away from cylinder inboard wall is chosen
H is 200mm.
D. instrument 14 is set up：Again referring to shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7, using steel wire described in step C as centering benchmark, instrument 14 is determined
Point is set up, 14 centering of instrument leveling is erected on steel wire, any one benchmark center of circle or steel in two benchmark centers of circle of backsight 4,7
The distalmost end of line makes to be located in benchmark perpendicular 6 by the straight line of 14 eyepiece of instrument and object lens；Again will by instrument eyepiece and
The straight line of object lens is adjusted to parallel with concentric line 5；It is instrument sight 15 by the straight line of instrument eyepiece and object lens.
Set up instrument 14 include determine instrument 14 set up point, determine instrument 14 antenna height and instrument 14 to.
Determine that instrument 14 sets up point.For the erection of instrument 14 point generally there are two types of selection, i.e. the erection of instrument 14 point is located at cylinder 1
High-end outside and instrument 14 set up point and are located on the outside of the low side of cylinder 1.In this case, instrument 14 sets up point and is located at the high-end of cylinder 1
Outside.
Determine the antenna height of instrument 14.The antenna height of instrument 14 refers to centre to the distance of concentric line 5.Instrument
Antenna height be arbitrary, do not need the concentric line 5 with cylinder on sustained height, only need to guarantee instrument sight 15 and pass through
The benchmark perpendicular 6 of cylinder concentric line 5 is overlapped.When it is implemented, passing through the lower centralizer of instrument 14, using steel wire as centering base
Instrument 14 is erected on the straight line where steel wire or steel wire by standard.
Instrument orientation.Instrument orients the direction for referring to determining instrument sight 15.Any one benchmark in 1 both ends of backsight cylinder
The distalmost end of the center of circle or steel wire is overlapped instrument sight 15 with benchmark perpendicular 6.It, will further according to the gradient of the design of cylinder 1
The vertical degree of instrument 14 is adjusted to the requirement of design, keeps instrument sight 15 parallel with the concentric line 5 of cylinder, completes instrument orientation.
For example the design gradient of this case middle cylinder body is 3.5%, and the altitude circle angle of instrument is just adjusted to 2 ° of 0 16 ＂ of ', makes instrument
Sight 15 is parallel with cylinder concentric line 5.
The distalmost end of any one benchmark center of circle or steel wire in the minds of two basic circles of backsight refers to when carrying out instrument orientation
Compared with frequently with object of reference（Orientation point）For any one benchmark center of circle or the distalmost end of steel wire.Environment is more complicated in cylinder 1,
When carrying out instrument orientation, if only one orientation point, orientation point is likely to see not due to the reasons such as being blocked by other objects
See, therefore orientation point first choice is the high-end center of circle 4 or the low side center of circle 7；If the benchmark center of circle at cylinder both ends is all invisible, can also adopt
Instrument orientation is carried out with the steel wire set up in step C, in instrument orientation, the distance of orientation by backsight point is remoter, instrument
14 orientation accuracy is higher, therefore selects the distalmost end for the steel wire that can have been set up from the step C seen in instrument as orientation
Point.Obviously, the distalmost end of the steel wire set up in step C is the intersection point of the steel wire steel wire support frame high-end with cylinder 1 is located at
Or the intersection point of steel wire and the steel wire support frame for being located at 1 low side of cylinder.It is located at the high-end outer of cylinder 1 since this case Instrumental sets up point
Side, therefore the distalmost end of the steel wire set up in step C in this case is the friendship of steel wire with the steel wire support frame for being located at cylinder low side
Point.
In addition, it is high-end draw a little 8 and low side draw a little 9 sample dotting punch 11,12 mark can also be used for instrument orientation orientation point.
The main function of hung steel wire is the positioning datum provided for erection instrument 14 in the horizontal direction in step C, again
The antenna height of instrument 14 is arbitrary, and steel wire is naturally drooped not to be had an impact for setting up instrument.Obviously, described in step C
Steel wire should not be guaranteed steel wire by the steel wire support frame of 1 one end of cylinder to 1 other end of cylinder in cylinder 1 by the interference of foreign object
Steel wire support frame accessible pass through.
E. concentricity is measured：
Distance L of the measurement cylinder any end inner wall minimum point to instrument sight 151：Using instrument 14, by linear amount
Tool 16 measures 1 any end inner wall minimum point of cylinder to the distance L of instrument sight 151；
Distance L of the measurement cylinder tested point inner wall minimum point to instrument sight 151′：Using instrument 14, by linear gauge
16 measure cylinder any end inner wall minimum point to instrument sight 15 distance L1′；
Compare L1And L1' value obtain the concentricity Y of the concentric points 10 on the tested point in the vertical direction1：Calculate L1-
L1' value obtain the displacement Y of the concentric points 10 on the tested point in the vertical direction1, Y1As cylinder is on the tested point
The concentricity of concentric points 10 in the vertical direction；
Measure the concentricity Y of cylinder concentric points in the horizontal direction2：Utilize the opposite side of apex angle bisection angle in isosceles triangle
Equal principle；Intersection point A, the A point of the inner wall of instrument sight and cylinder tested point side is found out on an instrument sight elevation angle
17 and centre 20 line and benchmark perpendicular 6 between angle 18 be ∠ A；On the same instrument sight elevation angle,
On the inner wall of the cylinder tested point other side, instrument sight 15 and the cylinder side inner wall meet at B point, the company of B point and centre 20
Angle 19 between line and benchmark perpendicular 6 is ∠ B, makes ∠ A=∠ B；Point is set up by linear gauge 16 of A point, keeps linear amount
Tool 16 is horizontal, and the inner wall of linear gauge 16 and the cylinder tested point other side meets at B ' 21；Using instrument, by linear gauge point
It Liang Qu not A point 17, B ' 21 to benchmark perpendicular 6 distance L2And L2′；Calculate L2- L2' value obtain on the tested point because
The displacement Y of the string A B ' of cross circular section on the tested point of cylinder caused by Concentricity tolerance in the horizontal direction2。
Measure concentricity, i.e. concentricity of the concentric points 10 on measurement tested point relative to concentric line 5.In theory, cylinder
Each cross section of body all can be considered tested point, but in production practices, when installing cylinder at the scene, at the docking of adjacent cartridges section and wheel belt
Place is only the tested point for needing to pay close attention to.
Above-mentioned linear measurer 16 is the tool for measuring point-to-point transmission linear distance, at the construction field (site), the linear amount of more outfit
Tool 16 is Sopwith staff and tape measure.
Distance L of the measurement 1 any end inner wall minimum point of cylinder to instrument sight 151：Linear measurer 16 selects Sopwith staff, will
Sopwith staff is stood at the minimum point of 1 any end inner wall of cylinder（What Sopwith staff can be placed on 1 low side of cylinder by conditions permit draws point sample dotting punch
On 12）, ruler face numerical value is read by " ten " word silk in 14 eyepiece of instrument, cylinder is obtained and inner wall minimum point is held to regard to instrument herein
The distance L of line 151.In this example, choosing surveys cylinder low side inner wall minimum point to the distance L of instrument sight 151。
Since the cylinder section of workshop sectional making can be regarded as constituting the standard element of cylinder, therefore L1It can be used as basic parameter.
Distance L of the measurement cylinder tested point inner wall minimum point to instrument sight 151′：Linear measurer 16 selects Sopwith staff, by tower
Ruler is stood at cylinder tested point inner wall minimum point, is read ruler face numerical value by " ten " word silk in 14 eyepiece of instrument, is obtained cylinder
Distance L of the tested point inner wall minimum point to instrument sight 151′。
In the distance L of measurement cylinder any end inner wall minimum point to instrument sight1Most with measurement cylinder tested point inner wall
Distance L of the low spot to instrument sight1' when, to improve measurement accuracy, Sopwith staff should be made to be located at benchmark perpendicular 6 and the tested point
On the intersection of cross section, meet there are many ways to this is required, if being provided with bracket in cylinder, then can use bracket as leaning on
Mountain is achieved, and is the prior art, is repeated no more.
Compare L1And L1' value obtain the concentricity Y of the concentric points 10 on the tested point in the vertical direction1：Calculate L1-
L1' value obtain the displacement Y of the concentric points 10 on the tested point in the vertical direction1, Y1As cylinder is on the tested point
The concentricity of concentric points 10 in the vertical direction.
In the vertical direction：
Work as Y1=（L1- L1′）When > 0, the concentric points 10 on the tested point are higher than concentric line, then should adjust concentric points downwards
10, adjustment amount Y1；
Work as Y1=（L1- L1′）When=0, the concentric points 10 on the tested point are contour with concentric line, meet the requirements；
Work as Y1=（L1- L1′）When < 0, the concentric points 10 on the tested point are lower than concentric line, then should adjust upward concentric points
10, adjustment amount Y1。
Measure the concentricity Y of cylinder concentric points 10 in the horizontal direction2The mathematical principle utilized is：It is pushed up in isosceles triangle
The equal principle of the opposite side at angle bisection angle.
The object of measurement is on tested point because of the string A of the cross circular section caused by Concentricity tolerance on the cylinder tested point
The displacement Y of B ' in the horizontal direction2。
Linear measurer 16 selects tape measure.
Specific embodiment is：
Horizontal limb of the instrument sight 15 when parallel with cylinder concentric line 5 is set to 0 ° of 00 ＂ of ', can guarantee instrument in this way
Horizontal limb registration be 0 ° of 00 ＂ of ' when, when no matter instrument sight 15 be in any elevation angle, instrument sight 15 all positioned at benchmark erect
In straight plane 6.
It being adapted with the elevation angle of instrument sight 15, height of the tape measure when cylinder inboard wall measures can be arbitrary,
It is not required to identical as the height of instrument 14.
The altitude circle and horizontal limb for adjusting instrument 14 find out the inner wall on the left of instrument sight 15 and cylinder tested point
Angle 18 between intersection point A, A point 17 and the line and benchmark perpendicular 6 of centre 20 is ∠ A.
Keep the degree vertically of instrument 14 constant, i.e. the elevation angle of holding instrument sight 15 is constant, the reversed water for adjusting instrument 14
Pingdu disk, on the inner wall on the right side of cylinder tested point, inner wall meets at B point, B point and centre on the right side of instrument sight 15 and cylinder
Line and benchmark perpendicular between angle 19 be ∠ B, make ∠ A=∠ B.
Using A point as linear gauge 16（Tape measure）Point is set up, linear gauge 16 is kept（Tape measure）Level, linear gauge 16（Volume
Ruler）B ' 21 is met at the inner wall on the right side of cylinder tested point.
In conjunction with above-mentioned, centre 20, A point 17 and B ' 21 determine that one with centre 20 is vertex, with line segment A
B ' is the isosceles triangle on bottom edge.
Using instrument 14, by linear gauge 16（Tape measure）A point 17 is measured respectively, arrives benchmark perpendicular 6 for B ' 21
Distance L2And L2′。
Calculate L2- L2' value obtain on the tested point because transversal on the cylinder tested point caused by 10 deviation of concentricity
The displacement Y of the string A B ' of face circle in the horizontal direction2。
String A B ' is in the horizontal direction：
Work as Y2=（L2- L2′）When > 0, the string A B ' on the tested point is partial on the left of benchmark perpendicular, then should adjust to the right
Whole string A B ', adjustment amount Y2；
Work as Y2=（L2- L2′）When=0, the string A B ' on the tested point is symmetrical about benchmark perpendicular；
Work as Y2=（L2- L2′）When < 0, the string A B ' on the tested point is partial on the right side of benchmark perpendicular, then should adjust to the left
Whole string A B ', adjustment amount Y2。
Above-mentioned Instrumental can be theodolite, be also possible to total station, in this case, select total station.
The method of above-mentioned measurement cylinder concentricity is the benchmark perpendicular using the centre of total station or theodolite
On, and the angle needed using the setting of instrument altitude circle, keep instrument sight determinand concentric line parallel.Benchmark is put down vertically
Face frame sets instrument, by instrument sight measure on each tested point of determinand in the horizontal and vertical directions with concentric points
Positively related distance is displaced to instruct the concentricity of adjustment cylinder concentric points.
In the method for the measurement cylinder concentricity, the benchmark center of circle is actually the center of gravity of cylinder cross section, and concentric line is practical
On be cylinder both ends cross sectional centroid determine straight line.Therefore the method for the measurement cylinder concentricity is suitable for including that circular cylinder body exists
The concentricity measurement of interior uniform regular hollow body.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Centre is arranged on benchmark perpendicular, that is, the arbitrary point seen by instrument eyepiece and object lens all exists
On benchmark perpendicular；And it is equal with the gradient of cylinder to adjust gradient of the instrument sight on benchmark perpendicular, that is, in benchmark
On perpendicular, instrument sight is parallel with concentric line；Benchmark perpendicular sets up instrument, measures cylinder by instrument sight
Each concentric points directly or indirectly obtain each concentric points of cylinder with the distance in vertical direction in the horizontal direction in the horizontal direction
With the concentricity in vertical direction.
Obviously, the effect of hung steel wire is the positioning datum provided for erection instrument in the horizontal direction, steel in the present invention
Line is sagging not to be had an impact for setting up instrument, and relative to traditional extension steel wire method, the accuracy and reliability of measurement is all higher,
Operation also tends to be simple.
Claims (6)
1. the method for measuring cylinder concentricity, including cylinder, the center of circle of each cross section of cylinder is that cylinder is same on the cross section
Heart point, characterized in that further comprising the steps of：
A. the benchmark center of circle of the cross section at cylinder both ends is determined：Two benchmark centers of circle are respectively the high-end center of circle and the low side center of circle, and two
The straight line that a benchmark center of circle determines is the concentric line of cylinder；
B. pilot measurement is drawn a little：Two draw a little be respectively it is high-end draw a little draw a little with low side；Using instrument, the basic circle that step A is determined
The equidirectional downward pilot measurement of the heart in cylinder inner circle, the high-end center of circle and the low side center of circle respectively correspond generate it is high-end draw a little draw with low side
Point；Two benchmark centers of circle and two, which draw, to be a little located on the same vertical guide, which is benchmark perpendicular；
C. steel wire is set up：Drawn a little with two described in step B for basic point, pulls a steel wire；Steel wire is located at benchmark perpendicular
Interior and be parallel to concentric line, vacantly the distance H away from cylinder inboard wall is 180-220mm to steel wire；
D. instrument is set up：It using steel wire described in step C as centering benchmark, determines that instrument stan sets up an office, instrument centering is flattened and is set up
On steel wire, the distalmost end of any one benchmark center of circle or steel wire in the minds of two basic circles of backsight makes through instrument eyepiece and object
The straight line of mirror is located in benchmark perpendicular；It will be adjusted to parallel with concentric line by the straight line of instrument eyepiece and object lens again；It is logical
The straight line for crossing instrument eyepiece and object lens is instrument sight；
E. concentricity is measured：
Distance L of the measurement cylinder any end inner wall minimum point to instrument sight1：Cylinder is measured using instrument, by linear gauge
Distance L of the body any end inner wall minimum point to instrument sight1；
Distance L of the measurement cylinder tested point inner wall minimum point to instrument sight1′：Cylinder is measured using instrument, by linear gauge
Distance L of the body tested point inner wall minimum point to instrument sight1′；
Compare L1And L1' value obtain the concentricity Y of the concentric points on the tested point in the vertical direction1：Calculate L1- L1' value
Obtain the displacement Y of concentric points in the vertical direction on the tested point1, Y1As concentric points of the cylinder on the tested point exist
Concentricity on vertical direction；
Measure the concentricity Y of cylinder concentric points in the horizontal direction2：Opposite side using apex angle bisection angle in isosceles triangle is equal
Principle, intersection point A, the A point and instrument of the inner wall of instrument sight and cylinder tested point side are found out on an instrument sight elevation angle
Angle between the line and benchmark perpendicular at device center is ∠ A；It is another in cylinder tested point on the same instrument sight elevation angle
On the inner wall of side, instrument sight and the cylinder side inner wall meet at B point, the line and benchmark perpendicular of B point and centre
Between angle be ∠ B, make ∠ A=∠ B；Point is set up by linear gauge of A point, keeps linear gauge horizontal, linear gauge and cylinder
The inner wall of the tested point other side meets at B ' point；Measured respectively using instrument, by linear gauge A point, B ' to benchmark put down vertically
The distance L in face2And L2′；Calculate L2- L2' value obtain on the tested point because of the string A of cross circular section caused by Concentricity tolerance
The displacement Y of B ' in the horizontal direction2。
2. the method for measurement cylinder concentricity according to claim 1, characterized in that instrument stan sets up an office positioned at the height of cylinder
End outside.
3. the method for measurement cylinder concentricity according to claim 1, linear gauge is Sopwith staff.
4. the method for measurement cylinder concentricity according to claim 1, linear gauge is tape measure.
5. the method for measurement cylinder concentricity according to claim 1, instrument is total station.
6. the method for measurement cylinder concentricity according to claim 1, instrument is theodolite.
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| CN108801138A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of device measuring cylindrical structure object centre coordinate using circumscribed circule method |
| CN108896002A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-11-27 | 瑞纳智能设备股份有限公司 | Concentricity tolerance monitoring device based on pendulum method |
| CN109556395A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-04-02 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Cylinder of rotary kiln adjusting of centerline method |
| CN113932780A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-01-14 | 渤海造船厂集团有限公司 | Method for cone segmentation measurement and center line correction of four centers by using total station |
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