CN106025313A - Integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system capable of realizing CO2 trapping before combustion - Google Patents
Integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system capable of realizing CO2 trapping before combustion Download PDFInfo
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- CN106025313A CN106025313A CN201610562104.0A CN201610562104A CN106025313A CN 106025313 A CN106025313 A CN 106025313A CN 201610562104 A CN201610562104 A CN 201610562104A CN 106025313 A CN106025313 A CN 106025313A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0681—Reactant purification by the use of electrochemical cells
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention provides an integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system capable of realizing CO2 trapping before combustion. The integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) power generation system comprises an air separation unit, a gasifier, a waste heat recovery device, a dust collection device, a water-gas shift device, a desulfurizing device, a CO2 purification device, a fuel humidifier, a separator, a compression and liquidation device, a catalytic burner, a first heat exchanger, a molten carbonate fuel cell, a compressor, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a turbine, a power generator and a DC/AC converter. The integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system realizes CO2 trapping before combustion in an IGFC based on the molten carbonate fuel cell, so that CO2 emission of the system is reduced by 75% or above, the environment-friendly property of the IGFC system is greatly improved, and accordingly, clean and efficient utilization of coal resources can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of power generation, particularly relate to one and can realize the front CO that burns2The overall coal of trapping
Vaporising fuel battery generating system.
Background technology
Global Environmental Problems with climate change as core is day by day serious, has become as threat mankind's sustainable development
One of principal element of exhibition, cutting down greenhouse gas emission becomes current international community concern with mitigation of climate change
Focus.Along with greenhouse gas emission is increasingly paid close attention to by the whole world, Kyoto Protocol, " Bali's route map "
Hold, specify that further the whole world CO2Emission reduction targets and timetable, promoted sending out of global low-carbon economy
Exhibition.
Integral coal gasification fuel cell (Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell, IGFC) electricity generation system is combustion
What material cell power generation technology combined with Coal Gasification Technology is the coal-fired power generator set of a new generation advanced person, generating system
System is made up of three big subsystems, i.e. gasification system, coal gas clean system and fuel cell generation.
From maximizing and from the point of view of business-like developing direction, IGFC efficiently, cleaning, twice laid, Poly-generation and
The features such as water saving organically combine it is considered to be 21 century the most rising Clean Coal Power Generating Technologies,
It had both improve generating efficiency, also been proposed the approach solving environmental problem.
Fuel cell technology for power generation is a kind of TRT that the chemical energy of fuel is directly converted into electric energy, with
Tradition coal-fired power generator set is different, and fuel cell is to use electrochemical catalysis, by direct for the chemical energy in fuel
Be converted into electric energy, because of without thermodynamic cycle thus surmounted heat engine Carnot's cycle efficiency limit, current fuel
Overall cell efficiency is between 45～60%, and as made full use of various generation heat, its comprehensive electric generating efficiency can be close
60%, considerably beyond conventional coal fired power plant (about 35%) and the Gas-steam Combined Cycle (45% of advanced person
Left and right) generating efficiency, the application in Filter Tuber For Clean Coal field of the current fuel cell technology has obtained industrial prosperity
The great attention of country.
A kind of high-temperature battery-molten carbonate fuel cell (Molten Carbonate Fuel in fuel cell
Cell, MCFC), due to needs CO2With the oxygen in air as oxidant, CO2Cloudy at MCFC with oxygen
Pole is catalytically conveted to CO3 2-, CO3 2-The H that anode is reforming with Organic substance is arrived by dielectric substrate2Reaction
Generate CO2And water, this process can utilize the CO in coal-fired plant flue gas2, by CO2Concentration reaches CO2
The purpose being enriched with and capture.Therefore, on the basis of IGFC system, CO is realized further2Trapping, is conducive to
Promote the development of low-carbon economy.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one and can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel electricity of trapping
Pond electricity generation system, the present invention achieves CO before burning in IGFC based on molten carbonate fuel cell2
Trapping, it is possible to make the CO of system2Discharge capacity reduce by more than 75%, substantially increase IGFC system
Environmental protection characteristic such that it is able to the clean and effective realizing coal resources utilizes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
One can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel cell generation of trapping, including space division
Device 1, air separation unit entrance is passed through air, and the oxygen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects the oxygen of gasification furnace 2 and enters
Mouthful, the nitrogen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects nitrogen storage device, and the coal entrance of gasification furnace 2 adds coal, gasification
The steam inlet of stove 2 adds steam, and the high-temperature gas outlet of gasification furnace connects waste-heat recovery device 3, and waste heat returns
The gas outlet of receiving apparatus 3 connects the entrance of dust arrester 4, and the outlet of dust arrester 4 connects water-gas shift
The entrance of device 5, the outlet of water-gas shift device 5 connects the entrance of desulfurizer 6, desulfurizer 6
Outlet connects CO2The entrance of purifying plant 7, CO2The H of purifying plant 72Outlet connects fuel humidifier 8
Entrance, CO2The CO of purifying plant 72Outlet connects the entrance of separator 9；The first of separator 9 goes out
The CO of mouth2Gas is passed into and compresses and liquefies in device 10, compresses and liquefies outlet output liquid CO of device 102；
Second outlet CO of separator 92Gas is passed in catalytic burner 11；The outlet of fuel humidifier 8 is even
Connecing the cryogenic gas entrance of First Heat Exchanger 12, the cryogenic gas outlet of First Heat Exchanger 12 connects melted carbon
The anode inlet of hydrochlorate fuel cell 13, the anode export of molten carbonate fuel cell 13 connects catalysis combustion
Second entrance of burner 11；The entrance of compressor 14 is passed through air, and the outlet of compressor 14 connects second and changes
The cryogenic gas entrance of hot device 15, the cryogenic gas outlet of the second heat exchanger 15 connects the 3rd heat exchanger 16
Cryogenic gas entrance, the cryogenic gas outlet of the 3rd heat exchanger 16 connects the gas access of turbine 17, turbine
The gas outlet of 17 connects the 3rd entrance of catalytic burner 11, meanwhile, the external output shaft of turbine 17
Merit, the shaft work of output drives compressor 14 to rotate, and drives electromotor 18 rotate and export electric energy simultaneously；Urge
The gas outlet changing burner 11 connects the high-temperature gas entrance of the 3rd heat exchanger 16, the 3rd heat exchanger 16
High-temperature gas outlet connects the cathode inlet of molten carbonate fuel cell 13, molten carbonate fuel cell 13
Cathode outlet connect First Heat Exchanger 12 high-temperature gas entrance, the high-temperature gas of First Heat Exchanger 12 goes out
Mouth connects the high-temperature gas entrance of the second heat exchanger 15, and the high-temperature gas outlet of the second heat exchanger 15 is discharged useless
Gas；Occurring electrochemical reaction to produce unidirectional current in molten carbonate fuel cell 13, DC supply input arrives
DC/AC transducer 19, DC/AC transducer 19 external output AC electricity.
Oxygen in air and nitrogen are separated by described air separation unit 1 by Deep Cooling Method, and oxygen is carried
To gasification furnace 2.
In described gasification furnace 2, reaction generates synthesis gas, and it is H that synthesis gas mainly becomes2、H2O、CO、CO2、
CH4、H2S and COS.
Described waste-heat recovery device 3 reclaims the heat in synthesis gas, and producing steam by waste heat boiler.
Described dust arrester 4 uses sack cleaner or electric cleaner or ceramic filter, in removing synthesis gas
Particulate matter so that mine dust content be less than 100mg/Nm3。
Described water-gas shift device 5, uses resistant to sulfur water-gas shift technique, passes through water gas shift reation
CO+H2O=H2+CO2CO in synthesis gas is transformed to H2So that in exit gas, CO ratio is less than
0.5%.
Described desulfurizer 6 uses low-temp methanol to wash method or NHD method so that exit H2S and COS contains
Amount is less than 1ppm.
Described CO2Purifying plant 7, uses pressure swing adsorption method, the CO in separating synthetic gas2, CO2Concentration
Higher than 99%, residual gas is as H2Fuel gas.
Described fuel humidifier 8, uses steam method, improves H2Fuel wherein H2The content of O so that
H2The molar content of O > 5%.
Described catalytic burner 11 makes the H in gas by catalyst2, CO and CH4With O2Change
Learn reaction and generate H2O also discharges heat.
Described molten carbonate fuel cell 13 is made up of anode, negative electrode, electrolyte membrance, negative electrode and anode
Respectively in electrolyte membrance both sides, fuel and oxidant each lead into anode and cathode chamber, and occur
Electrochemical reaction, produces electric energy and heat, and battery operating temperature is at 650 DEG C, and the scale of battery passes through multiple electricity
Pond heap connection in series-parallel is amplified.
Described compressor 14, turbine 17 and electromotor 18 are installed on same axis, and turbine 17 is high at high pressure
Under the impact of wet body, rotational band moves compressor 14 and electromotor 18 rotates, and compressor 14 makes the pressure of air
Power is increased to more than 4Mpa by normal pressure, and electromotor 18 then produces AC energy.
The present invention achieves CO before burning in IGFC based on molten carbonate fuel cell2Trapping, it is possible to
Make the CO of system2Discharge capacity reduce by more than 75%, substantially increase the environmental protection characteristic of IGFC system,
It is thus possible to the clean and effective realizing coal resources utilizes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that one of the present invention can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel cell generation of trapping
Schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Case study on implementation
Coal, steam and oxygen are passed through gasification furnace 2 and produce synthesis gas, and the temperature of synthesis gas is 900 DEG C, and component is
CO ≈ 67%, H2≈ 25%, CO2≈ 7%, remaining component is N2, H2S, COS, CH4In impurity gas.
Synthesis gas first passes around waste-heat recovery device 3 heat exchange, and temperature is reduced to less than 150 DEG C, then passes to dedusting
Device 4 so that particulate matter component is less than 100mg/Nm3；It is passed into again in water-gas shift device 5 so that
CO < 0.5%, H in synthesis gas2> 60%；Then desulfurizer 6 it is passed into so that H2S and COS concentration
Less than 1ppm；It is passed through CO again2Purifying plant 7, by pressure-variable adsorption by CO2Concentration bring up to 99%
Above, remaining gas is as H2Fuel gas.High concentration CO2Gas is divided into two strands of gases through separator 9,
The CO of 75%2Gas is passed into and compresses and liquefies device 10 and become liquid CO2, the CO of other 25%2It is passed into
In catalytic burner 11.H2Fuel gas is through fuel humidifier 8 so that H in gas2O molar content > 5%,
It is then passed through First Heat Exchanger 12 and makes H2Fuel gas temperature rises to 500 DEG C and then passes to fused carbonate
, there is electrochemical reaction H in the anode of fuel cell (MCFC) 132+CO3 2-=H2O+CO2+e2-, anode
The gas of outlet is passed in catalytic burner 11.Meanwhile, air is forced into 6 by compressor 14
Mpa, is then passed through the second heat exchanger 15 and the 3rd heat exchanger 16 improves the temperature of air to more than 800 DEG C,
Then air is done work by turbine 17 and drives compressor 14 to rotate and generates electricity with electromotor 18, and air is through thoroughly
Decrease temperature and pressure after flat 17, and be passed into further in catalytic burner 11.In catalytic burner 11, molten
Melt unreacted H in carbonate fuel battery (MCFC) 13 anode outlet gases2Chemical reaction is occurred to release
Heat, raising gas temperature, to more than 900 DEG C, is passed through melted carbon after then being lowered the temperature by the 3rd heat exchanger 16
, at negative electrode, there is electrochemical reaction in hydrochlorate fuel cell (MCFC) 13 cathode chamber
O2+2CO2+4e-=CO3 2-, fuel and oxidant occur in molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 13
Electrochemical reaction also produces unidirectional current, is converted into alternating current through DC/AC converter 19.
Claims (10)
1. one kind can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel cell generation of trapping, its feature
Being: include air separation unit (1), air separation unit entrance is passed through air, and the oxygen of air separation unit (1) goes out
Mouth connects the oxygen intake of gasification furnace (2), and the nitrogen outlet of air separation unit (1) connects nitrogen storage device, gas
The coal entrance changing stove (2) adds coal, and the steam inlet of gasification furnace (2) adds steam, gasification furnace (2)
High-temperature gas outlet connects waste-heat recovery device (3), and the gas outlet of waste-heat recovery device (3) connects dedusting
The entrance of device (4), the outlet of dust arrester (4) connects the entrance of water-gas shift device (5), steam
The outlet of converting means (5) connects the entrance of desulfurizer (6), and the outlet of desulfurizer (6) connects CO2
The entrance of purifying plant (7), CO2The H of purifying plant (7)2Outlet connects entering of fuel humidifier (8)
Mouthful, CO2The CO of purifying plant (7)2Outlet connects the entrance of separator (9)；The of separator (9)
The CO of one outlet2Gas is passed into and compresses and liquefies in device (10), compresses and liquefies the outlet of device (10)
Output liquid CO2；Second outlet CO of separator (9)2Gas is passed in catalytic burner (11)；
The outlet of fuel humidifier (8) connects the cryogenic gas entrance of First Heat Exchanger (12), First Heat Exchanger (12)
Cryogenic gas outlet connect molten carbonate fuel cell (13) anode inlet, fused carbonate fuel
The anode export of battery (13) connects the second entrance of catalytic burner (11)；Entering of compressor (14)
Mouth is passed through air, and the outlet of compressor (14) connects the cryogenic gas entrance of the second heat exchanger (15), the
The cryogenic gas entrance of cryogenic gas outlet connection the 3rd heat exchanger (16) of two heat exchangers (15), the 3rd
The cryogenic gas outlet of heat exchanger (16) connects the gas access of turbine (17), the gas of turbine (17)
Outlet connects the 3rd entrance of catalytic burner (11), and meanwhile, turbine (17) externally exports shaft work,
The shaft work of output drives compressor (14) to rotate, and drives electromotor (18) rotate and export electric energy simultaneously；
The gas outlet of catalytic burner (11) connects the high-temperature gas entrance of the 3rd heat exchanger (16), and the 3rd changes
The high-temperature gas outlet of hot device (16) connects the cathode inlet of molten carbonate fuel cell (13), melted
The cathode outlet of carbonate fuel battery (13) connects the high-temperature gas entrance of First Heat Exchanger (12), the
The high-temperature gas entrance of high-temperature gas outlet connection the second heat exchanger (15) of one heat exchanger (12), second
Waste gas is discharged in the high-temperature gas outlet of heat exchanger (15)；Electricity is there is in molten carbonate fuel cell (13)
Chemical reaction produces unidirectional current, DC supply input to DC/AC transducer (19), DC/AC transducer (19)
Externally output AC electricity.
One the most according to claim 1 can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel of trapping
Battery generating system, it is characterised in that: described air separation unit (1) by Deep Cooling Method by the oxygen in air and
Nitrogen separates, and oxygen is transported in gasification furnace (2)；In described gasification furnace (2), reaction generates and closes
Becoming gas, it is H that synthesis gas mainly becomes2、H2O、CO、CO2、CH4、H2S and COS.
One the most according to claim 1 can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel of trapping
Battery generating system, it is characterised in that: described waste-heat recovery device (3) reclaims synthesis gas by waste heat boiler
In heat, and producing steam.
One the most according to claim 1 can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel of trapping
Battery generating system, it is characterised in that: described dust arrester (4) use sack cleaner or electric cleaner or
Ceramic filter, the particulate matter in removing synthesis gas so that mine dust content is less than 100mg/Nm3。
One the most according to claim 1 can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel of trapping
Battery generating system, it is characterised in that: described water-gas shift device (5), use resistant to sulfur water-gas shift technique,
By water gas shift reation CO+H2O=H2+CO2CO in synthesis gas is transformed to H2So that work off one's feeling vent one's spleen
In body, CO ratio is less than 0.5%；Described desulfurizer (6) uses low-temp methanol to wash method or NHD method, makes
Obtain exit H2S and COS content is less than 1ppm.
One the most according to claim 1 can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel of trapping
Battery generating system, it is characterised in that: described CO2Purifying plant (7), uses pressure swing adsorption method, separates
CO in synthesis gas2, CO2Concentration higher than 99%, residual gas is as H2Fuel gas.
One the most according to claim 1 can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel of trapping
Battery generating system, it is characterised in that: described fuel humidifier (8), use steam method, improve H2
Fuel wherein H2The content of O so that H2The molar content of O > 5%.
One the most according to claim 1 can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel of trapping
Battery generating system, it is characterised in that: described catalytic burner (11) is made in gas by catalyst
H2, CO and CH4With O2Chemical reaction is occurred to generate H2O also discharges heat.
One the most according to claim 1 can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel of trapping
Battery generating system, it is characterised in that: described molten carbonate fuel cell (13) by anode, negative electrode,
Electrolyte membrance forms, and negative electrode and anode each lead at electrolyte membrance both sides, fuel and oxidant respectively
In anode and cathode chamber, and electrochemical reaction occurring, produce electric energy and heat, battery operating temperature exists
650 DEG C, the scale of battery is amplified by multiple battery pile connection in series-parallel.
One the most according to claim 1 can realize the front CO that burns2The integral coal gasification fuel of trapping
Battery generating system, it is characterised in that: described compressor (14), turbine (17) and electromotor (18) peace
Installing on same axis, turbine (17) rotational band under the impact of pressure high temperature hot gas moves compressor (14)
Rotating with electromotor (18) 8, compressor (14) makes the pressure of air be increased to more than 4Mpa by normal pressure,
Electromotor (18) then produces AC energy.
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| CN107829786A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-23 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of near-zero release coal gasification power generation system and electricity-generating method with pollutant catabolic gene |
| CN108321416A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-07-24 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | CO2The integral coal gasification fuel cell generation and method of near-zero release |
| CN108428919A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-21 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of hybrid power system and method based on Direct Carbon Fuel Cells |
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